1 June 1999 Kernel Parameters v2.2.9
4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as defined
5 in the file init/main.c and sorted into English Dictionary order (defined
6 as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a case
7 insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 The text in square brackets at the beginning of the description state the
10 restrictions on the kernel for the said kernel parameter to be valid. The
11 restrictions referred to are that the relevant option is valid if:
13 APIC APIC support is enabled.
14 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
15 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
16 CD Appropriate CD support is enabled.
17 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
18 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
19 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
20 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
21 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
22 LP Printer support is enabled.
23 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
24 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
25 MDA The MDA console is enabled.
26 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
27 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
28 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
29 PARIDE The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
30 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
31 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
32 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
33 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
34 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
35 RAM RAMdisc support is enabled.
36 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
37 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
38 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
39 SOUND Appropriate sound system support is enabled.
40 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
41 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
42 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
44 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
46 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
47 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
49 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
50 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
51 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
52 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
53 running once the system is up.
55 53c7xx= [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
57 adb_buttons= [HW,MOUSE]
69 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management.
75 atamouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse.
77 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI.
79 aztcd= [HW,CD] Aztec CD driver.
81 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem.
83 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25] BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem in Full
86 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25] BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem in Half
89 bmouse= [HW,MOUSE,PS2] Bus mouse.
103 console= [KNL] output console + comm spec (speed, control, parity)
105 cyclades= [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
107 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
111 digi= [HW,SERIAL] io parameters + enable/disable command
113 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
115 dmascc= [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
118 dmasound= [HW,SOUND] (sound subsystem buffers)
128 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters (iomem,irq,dev_name).
136 ftape= [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
144 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem
145 geometry (Cyl/heads/sectors) or tune parameters.
159 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter.
163 ide?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem : config (iomem/irq), tuning or
164 debugging (serialize,reset,no{dma,tune,probe}) or
165 chipset specific parameters
167 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem : VLB/PCI bus speed
171 init= [KNL] default init level
173 initrd= [KNL] initial ramdisk path
189 js_console2= [HW,JOY]
191 js_console3= [HW,JOY]
207 load_ramdisk= [RAM] initrd loading boolean
209 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
210 or lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
211 or lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the printer
212 or lp=auto driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be specified in
213 addition to the ports) causes attached
214 printers to be reset. Using
215 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel
216 ports to associate lp devices with, starting
217 with lp0. A port specification may be 'none'
218 to skip that lp device, or a parport name such
219 as 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead
220 of a port specification list means that device
221 IDs from each port should be examined, to see
222 if an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached;
223 if so, the driver will manage that printer.
229 max_loop=[0-255] [LOOP] States the maximum number of loopback devices
232 maxcpus= [SMP] States the maximum number of processors that
233 an SMP kernel should make use of.
235 max_scsi_luns= [SCSI]
237 mca-pentium [BUGS=ix86]
243 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
247 mem= [KNL] force use XX Mb of memory when the kernel is not able
248 to see the whole system memory or for test
250 msmouse= [HW,MOUSE] Microsoft Mouse.
256 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
258 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
264 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes
266 nmi_watchdog= [KNL, BUGS=ix86] debugging features for SMP kernels
268 no387 [BUGS=ix86] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
269 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
272 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel not to make use of any
273 APIC that may be present on the system.
275 noasync [HW, M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for all devices.
277 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI, M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
281 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
286 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
288 nosync [HW, M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
292 panic= [KNL] kernel behaviour on panic
294 parport=0 [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0
295 or parport=auto disables. Use 'auto' to force the driver
296 or parport=0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] to use any IRQ/DMA settings detected
297 (the default is to ignore detected
298 IRQ/DMA settings because of possible
299 conflicts). You can specify the base
300 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ
301 and DMA should be numbers, or 'auto'
302 (for using detected settings on that
303 particular port), or 'nofifo' (to
304 avoid using a FIFO even if it is
305 detected). Parallel ports are
306 assigned in the order they are
307 specified on the command line,
308 starting with parport0.
324 pirq= [SMP,APIC] mp-table
326 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link.
328 profile= [KNL] enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile (param:log level)
330 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] Whether to prompt for ramdisk before loading
331 its contents into memory.
343 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
347 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot.
349 root= [KNL] root filesystem
351 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot.
353 S [KNL] run init in single mode
355 sbpcd= [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter.
365 soundmodem= [HW,AX25,SOUND] Sound cards used as AX.25 modems.
367 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter.
369 st= [HW] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, ..)
391 video= [FB] frame buffer configuration
393 vga= [KNL] on ix386, enable to choose a peculiar video mode
402 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks