1 These are the GNU core utilities. This package is the union of
2 the GNU fileutils, sh-utils, and textutils packages.
4 Most of these programs have significant advantages over their Unix
5 counterparts, such as greater speed, additional options, and fewer
8 The programs that can be built with this package are:
10 [ arch base64 basename cat chcon chgrp chmod chown chroot cksum comm cp
11 csplit cut date dd df dir dircolors dirname du echo env expand expr
12 factor false fmt fold groups head hostid hostname id install join kill
13 link ln logname ls md5sum mkdir mkfifo mknod mktemp mv nice nl nohup
14 nproc od paste pathchk pinky pr printenv printf ptx pwd readlink realpath
15 rm rmdir runcon seq sha1sum sha224sum sha256sum sha384sum sha512sum shred
16 shuf sleep sort split stat stdbuf stty su sum sync tac tail tee test
17 timeout touch tr true truncate tsort tty uname unexpand uniq unlink
18 uptime users vdir wc who whoami yes
20 See the file NEWS for a list of major changes in the current release.
22 If you obtained this file as part of a "git clone", then see the
23 README-hacking file. If this file came to you as part of a tar archive,
24 then see the file INSTALL for compilation and installation instructions.
26 These programs are intended to conform to POSIX (with BSD and other
27 extensions), like the rest of the GNU system. By default they conform
28 to older POSIX (1003.2-1992), and therefore support obsolete usages
29 like "head -10" and "chown owner.group file". This default is
30 overridden at build-time by the value of <unistd.h>'s _POSIX2_VERSION
31 macro, and this in turn can be overridden at runtime as described in
32 the documentation under "Standards conformance".
34 The ls, dir, and vdir commands are all separate executables instead of
35 one program that checks argv[0] because people often rename these
36 programs to things like gls, gnuls, l, etc. Renaming a program
37 file shouldn't affect how it operates, so that people can get the
38 behavior they want with whatever name they want.
40 Special thanks to Paul Eggert, Brian Matthews, Bruce Evans, Karl Berry,
41 Kaveh Ghazi, and François Pinard for help with debugging and porting
42 these programs. Many thanks to all of the people who have taken the
43 time to submit problem reports and fixes. All contributed changes are
44 attributed in the commit logs.
46 And thanks to the following people who have provided accounts for
47 portability testing on many different types of systems: Bob Proulx,
48 Christian Robert, François Pinard, Greg McGary, Harlan Stenn,
49 Joel N. Weber, Mark D. Roth, Matt Schalit, Nelson H. F. Beebe,
50 Réjean Payette, Sam Tardieu.
52 Thanks to Michael Stone for inflicting test releases of this package
53 on Debian's unstable distribution, and to all the kind folks who used
54 that distribution and found and reported bugs.
56 Note that each man page is now automatically generated from a template
57 and from the corresponding --help usage message. Patches to the template
58 files (man/*.x) are welcome. However, the authoritative documentation
59 is in texinfo form in the doc directory.
62 *****************************************
63 On Mac OS X 10.5.1 (Darwin 9.1), test failure
64 -----------------------------------------
66 Mac OS X 10.5.1 (Darwin 9.1) provides only partial (and incompatible)
67 ACL support, so although "./configure && make" succeeds, "make check"
68 exposes numerous failures. The solution is to turn off ACL support
69 manually via "./configure --disable-acl". For details, see
70 <http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.gnu.coreutils.bugs/12292/focus=12318>.
73 *****************************************
74 Test failure with NLS and gettext <= 0.17
75 -----------------------------------------
77 Due to a conflict between libintl.h and gnulib's new xprintf module,
78 when you configure with NLS support, and with a gettext installation
79 older than 0.17.1 (not yet released, at the time of this writing),
80 then some tests fail, at least on NetBSD 1.6. To work around it in
81 the mean time, you can configure with --disable-nls. For details,
82 see <http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lib.gnulib.bugs/12015/>.
85 ***********************
87 -----------------------
89 There is a new, implicit build requirement:
90 To build the coreutils from source, you should have a C99-conforming
91 compiler, due to the use of declarations after non-declaration statements
92 in several files in src/. There is code in configure to find and, if
93 possible, enable an appropriate compiler. However, if configure doesn't
94 find a C99 compiler, it continues nonetheless, and your build will fail.
95 If that happens, simply[*] apply the included patch using the following
96 command, and then run make again:
98 cd src && patch < c99-to-c89.diff
100 [*] however, as of coreutils-7.1, the "c99-to-c89.diff" file is no longer
101 maintained, so even if the patches still apply, the result will be an
102 incomplete conversion. It's been 10 years. Get a decent compiler! ;-)
105 ***********************
106 HPUX 11.x build failure
107 -----------------------
109 A known problem exists when compiling on HPUX on both hppa and ia64
110 in 64-bit mode (i.e. +DD64) on HP-UX 11.0, 11.11, and 11.23. This
111 is not due to a bug in the package but instead due to a bug in the
112 system header file which breaks things in 64-bit mode. The default
113 compilation mode is 32-bit and the software compiles fine using the
114 default mode. To build this software in 64-bit mode you will need
115 to fix the system /usr/include/inttypes.h header file. After
116 correcting that file the software also compiles fine in 64-bit mode.
117 Here is one possible patch to correct the problem:
119 --- /usr/include/inttypes.h.orig Thu May 30 01:00:00 1996
120 +++ /usr/include/inttypes.h Sun Mar 23 00:20:36 2003
122 -#ifndef __STDC_32_MODE__
126 ************************
127 OSF/1 4.0d build failure
128 ------------------------
130 If you use /usr/bin/make on an OSF/1 4.0d system, it will fail due
131 to the presence of the "[" target. That version of make appears to
132 treat "[" as some syntax relating to locks. To work around that,
133 the best solution is to use GNU make. Otherwise, simply remove
134 all mention of "[$(EXEEXT)" from src/Makefile.
137 *************************************************
138 "make check" failure on IRIX 6.5 and Solaris <= 9
139 -------------------------------------------------
141 Using the vendor make program to run "make check" fails on these two systems.
142 If you want to run all of the tests there, use GNU make.
146 **********************
147 Running tests as root:
148 ----------------------
150 If you run the tests as root, note that a few of them create files
151 and/or run programs as a non-root user, `nobody' by default.
152 If you want to use some other non-root username, specify it via
153 the NON_ROOT_USERNAME environment variable. Depending on the
154 permissions with which the working directories have been created,
155 using `nobody' may fail, because that user won't have the required
156 read and write access to the build and test directories.
157 I find that it is best to unpack and build as a non-privileged
158 user, and then to run the following command as that user in order
159 to run the privilege-requiring tests:
161 sudo env PATH="$PATH" NON_ROOT_USERNAME=$USER make -k check-root
163 If you can run the tests as root, please do so and report any
164 problems. We get much less test coverage in that mode, and it's
165 arguably more important that these tools work well when run by
166 root than when run by less privileged users.
173 IMPORTANT: if you take the time to report a test failure,
174 please be sure to include the output of running `make check'
175 in verbose mode for each failing test. For example,
176 if the test that fails is tests/misc/df, then you would
179 (cd tests && make check TESTS=misc/df VERBOSE=yes) >> log 2>&1
181 For some tests, you can get even more detail by adding DEBUG=yes.
182 Then include the contents of the file `log' in your bug report.
184 Send bug reports, questions, comments, etc. to bug-coreutils@gnu.org.
185 If you would like to suggest a patch, see the files README-hacking
186 and HACKING for tips.
188 ***************************************
190 There are many tests, but nowhere near as many as we need.
191 Additions and corrections are very welcome.
193 If you see a problem that you've already reported, feel free to re-report
194 it -- it won't bother me to get a reminder. Besides, the more messages I
195 get regarding a particular problem the sooner it'll be fixed -- usually.
196 If you sent a complete patch and, after a couple weeks you haven't
197 received any acknowledgement, please ping us. A complete patch includes
198 a well-written ChangeLog entry, unified (diff -u format) diffs relative
199 to the most recent test release (or, better, relative to the latest
200 sources in the public repository), an explanation for why the patch is
201 necessary or useful, and if at all possible, enough information to
202 reproduce whatever problem prompted it. Plus, you'll earn lots of
203 karma if you include a test case to exercise any bug(s) you fix.
204 Here are instructions for checking out the latest development sources:
206 http://savannah.gnu.org/git/?group=coreutils
208 If your patch adds a new feature, please try to get some sort of consensus
209 that it is a worthwhile change. One way to do that is to send mail to
210 bug-coreutils@gnu.org including as much description and justification
211 as you can. Based on the feedback that generates, you may be able to
212 convince us that it's worth adding.
215 WARNING: Now that we use the ./bootstrap script, you should not run
216 autoreconf manually. Doing that will overwrite essential source files
217 with older versions, which may make the package unbuildable or introduce
221 WARNING: If you modify files like configure.in, m4/*.m4, aclocal.m4,
222 or any Makefile.am, then don't be surprised if what gets regenerated no
223 longer works. To make things work, you'll have to be using appropriate
224 versions of the tools listed in bootstrap.conf's buildreq string.
226 All of these programs except `test' recognize the `--version' option.
227 When reporting bugs, please include in the subject line both the package
228 name/version and the name of the program for which you found a problem.
230 For general documentation on the coding and usage standards
231 this distribution follows, see the GNU Coding Standards,
232 http://www.gnu.org/prep/standards_toc.html.
234 For any copyright year range specified as YYYY-ZZZZ in this package
235 note that the range specifies every single year in that closed interval.
237 Mail suggestions and bug reports for these programs to
238 the address on the last line of --help output.
241 ========================================================================
243 Copyright (C) 1998, 2002-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
245 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
246 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
247 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
248 Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
249 Texts. A copy of the license is included in the ``GNU Free
250 Documentation License'' file as part of this distribution.