src/expr.c

   1 /* expr -- evaluate expressions.
   2    Copyright (C) 1986, 1991-1997, 1999-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   3
   4    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   5    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   6    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
   7    (at your option) any later version.
   8
   9    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  12    GNU General Public License for more details.
  13
  14    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  15    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
  16
  17 /* Author: Mike Parker.
  18    Modified for arbitrary-precision calculation by James Youngman.
  19
  20    This program evaluates expressions.  Each token (operator, operand,
  21    parenthesis) of the expression must be a seperate argument.  The
  22    parser used is a reasonably general one, though any incarnation of
  23    it is language-specific.  It is especially nice for expressions.
  24
  25    No parse tree is needed; a new node is evaluated immediately.
  26    One function can handle multiple operators all of equal precedence,
  27    provided they all associate ((x op x) op x).
  28
  29    Define EVAL_TRACE to print an evaluation trace.  */
  30
  31 #include <config.h>
  32 #include <stdio.h>
  33 #include <sys/types.h>
  34 #include "system.h"
  35
  36 #include <regex.h>
  37 #include "error.h"
  38 #include "long-options.h"
  39 #include "quotearg.h"
  40 #include "strnumcmp.h"
  41 #include "xstrtol.h"
  42
  43 /* Various parts of this code assume size_t fits into unsigned long
  44    int, the widest unsigned type that GMP supports.  */
  45 verify (SIZE_MAX <= ULONG_MAX);
  46
  47 static void integer_overflow (char) ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
  48
  49 #ifndef HAVE_GMP
  50 # define HAVE_GMP 0
  51 #endif
  52
  53 #if HAVE_GMP
  54 # include <gmp.h>
  55 #else
  56 /* Approximate gmp.h well enough for expr.c's purposes.  */
  57 typedef intmax_t mpz_t[1];
  58 static void mpz_clear (mpz_t z) { (void) z; }
  59 static void mpz_init_set_ui (mpz_t z, unsigned long int i) { z[0] = i; }
  60 static int
  61 mpz_init_set_str (mpz_t z, char *s, int base)
  62 {
  63   return xstrtoimax (s, NULL, base, z, NULL) == LONGINT_OK ? 0 : -1;
  64 }
  65 static void
  66 mpz_add (mpz_t r, mpz_t a0, mpz_t b0)
  67 {
  68   intmax_t a = a0[0];
  69   intmax_t b = b0[0];
  70   intmax_t val = a + b;
  71   if ((val < a) != (b < 0))
  72     integer_overflow ('+');
  73   r[0] = val;
  74 }
  75 static void
  76 mpz_sub (mpz_t r, mpz_t a0, mpz_t b0)
  77 {
  78   intmax_t a = a0[0];
  79   intmax_t b = b0[0];
  80   intmax_t val = a - b;
  81   if ((a < val) != (b < 0))
  82     integer_overflow ('-');
  83   r[0] = val;
  84 }
  85 static void
  86 mpz_mul (mpz_t r, mpz_t a0, mpz_t b0)
  87 {
  88   intmax_t a = a0[0];
  89   intmax_t b = b0[0];
  90   intmax_t val = a * b;
  91   if (! (a == 0 || b == 0
  92          || ((val < 0) == ((a < 0) ^ (b < 0)) && val / a == b)))
  93     integer_overflow ('*');
  94   r[0] = val;
  95 }
  96 static void
  97 mpz_tdiv_q (mpz_t r, mpz_t a0, mpz_t b0)
  98 {
  99   intmax_t a = a0[0];
 100   intmax_t b = b0[0];
 101
 102   /* Some x86-style hosts raise an exception for INT_MIN / -1.  */
 103   if (a < - INTMAX_MAX && b == -1)
 104     integer_overflow ('/');
 105   r[0] = a / b;
 106 }
 107 static void
 108 mpz_tdiv_r (mpz_t r, mpz_t a0, mpz_t b0)
 109 {
 110   intmax_t a = a0[0];
 111   intmax_t b = b0[0];
 112
 113   /* Some x86-style hosts raise an exception for INT_MIN % -1.  */
 114   r[0] = a < - INTMAX_MAX && b == -1 ? 0 : a % b;
 115 }
 116 static char *
 117 mpz_get_str (char const *str, int base, mpz_t z)
 118 {
 119   (void) str; (void) base;
 120   char buf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (intmax_t)];
 121   return xstrdup (imaxtostr (z[0], buf));
 122 }
 123 static int
 124 mpz_sgn (mpz_t z)
 125 {
 126   return z[0] < 0 ? -1 : 0 < z[0];
 127 }
 128 static int
 129 mpz_fits_ulong_p (mpz_t z)
 130 {
 131   return 0 <= z[0] && z[0] <= ULONG_MAX;
 132 }
 133 static unsigned long int
 134 mpz_get_ui (mpz_t z)
 135 {
 136   return z[0];
 137 }
 138 static int
 139 mpz_out_str (FILE *stream, int base, mpz_t z)
 140 {
 141   (void) base;
 142   char buf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (intmax_t)];
 143   return fputs (imaxtostr (z[0], buf), stream) != EOF;
 144 }
 145 #endif
 146
 147 /* The official name of this program (e.g., no `g' prefix).  */
 148 #define PROGRAM_NAME "expr"
 149
 150 #define AUTHORS \
 151   proper_name ("Mike Parker"), \
 152   proper_name ("James Youngman"), \
 153   proper_name ("Paul Eggert")
 154
 155 /* Exit statuses.  */
 156 enum
 157   {
 158     /* Invalid expression: e.g., its form does not conform to the
 159        grammar for expressions.  Our grammar is an extension of the
 160        POSIX grammar.  */
 161     EXPR_INVALID = 2,
 162
 163     /* An internal error occurred, e.g., arithmetic overflow, storage
 164        exhaustion.  */
 165     EXPR_FAILURE
 166   };
 167
 168 /* The kinds of value we can have.  */
 169 enum valtype
 170 {
 171   integer,
 172   string
 173 };
 174 typedef enum valtype TYPE;
 175
 176 /* A value is.... */
 177 struct valinfo
 178 {
 179   TYPE type;                    /* Which kind. */
 180   union
 181   {                             /* The value itself. */
 182     mpz_t i;
 183     char *s;
 184   } u;
 185 };
 186 typedef struct valinfo VALUE;
 187
 188 /* The arguments given to the program, minus the program name.  */
 189 static char **args;
 190
 191 static VALUE *eval (bool);
 192 static bool nomoreargs (void);
 193 static bool null (VALUE *v);
 194 static void printv (VALUE *v);
 195
 196 void
 197 usage (int status)
 198 {
 199   if (status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
 200     fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
 201              program_name);
 202   else
 203     {
 204       printf (_("\
 205 Usage: %s EXPRESSION\n\
 206   or:  %s OPTION\n\
 207 "),
 208               program_name, program_name);
 209       putchar ('\n');
 210       fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
 211       fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
 212       fputs (_("\
 213 \n\
 214 Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output.  A blank line below\n\
 215 separates increasing precedence groups.  EXPRESSION may be:\n\
 216 \n\
 217   ARG1 | ARG2       ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2\n\
 218 \n\
 219   ARG1 & ARG2       ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0\n\
 220 "), stdout);
 221       fputs (_("\
 222 \n\
 223   ARG1 < ARG2       ARG1 is less than ARG2\n\
 224   ARG1 <= ARG2      ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2\n\
 225   ARG1 = ARG2       ARG1 is equal to ARG2\n\
 226   ARG1 != ARG2      ARG1 is unequal to ARG2\n\
 227   ARG1 >= ARG2      ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2\n\
 228   ARG1 > ARG2       ARG1 is greater than ARG2\n\
 229 "), stdout);
 230       fputs (_("\
 231 \n\
 232   ARG1 + ARG2       arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2\n\
 233   ARG1 - ARG2       arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2\n\
 234 "), stdout);
 235       /* Tell xgettext that the "% A" below is not a printf-style
 236          format string:  xgettext:no-c-format */
 237       fputs (_("\
 238 \n\
 239   ARG1 * ARG2       arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2\n\
 240   ARG1 / ARG2       arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2\n\
 241   ARG1 % ARG2       arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2\n\
 242 "), stdout);
 243       fputs (_("\
 244 \n\
 245   STRING : REGEXP   anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING\n\
 246 \n\
 247   match STRING REGEXP        same as STRING : REGEXP\n\
 248   substr STRING POS LENGTH   substring of STRING, POS counted from 1\n\
 249   index STRING CHARS         index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0\n\
 250   length STRING              length of STRING\n\
 251 "), stdout);
 252       fputs (_("\
 253   + TOKEN                    interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a\n\
 254                                keyword like `match' or an operator like `/'\n\
 255 \n\
 256   ( EXPRESSION )             value of EXPRESSION\n\
 257 "), stdout);
 258       fputs (_("\
 259 \n\
 260 Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.\n\
 261 Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical.\n\
 262 Pattern matches return the string matched between \\( and \\) or null; if\n\
 263 \\( and \\) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.\n\
 264 "), stdout);
 265       fputs (_("\
 266 \n\
 267 Exit status is 0 if EXPRESSION is neither null nor 0, 1 if EXPRESSION is null\n\
 268 or 0, 2 if EXPRESSION is syntactically invalid, and 3 if an error occurred.\n\
 269 "), stdout);
 270       emit_ancillary_info ();
 271     }
 272   exit (status);
 273 }
 274
 275 /* Report a syntax error and exit.  */
 276 static void
 277 syntax_error (void)
 278 {
 279   error (EXPR_INVALID, 0, _("syntax error"));
 280 }
 281
 282 /* Report an integer overflow for operation OP and exit.  */
 283 static void
 284 integer_overflow (char op)
 285 {
 286   error (EXPR_FAILURE, ERANGE, "%c", op);
 287   abort (); /* notreached */
 288 }
 289
 290 static void die (int errno_val, char const *msg)
 291   ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
 292 static void
 293 die (int errno_val, char const *msg)
 294 {
 295   error (EXPR_FAILURE, errno_val, "%s", msg);
 296   abort (); /* notreached */
 297 }
 298
 299 int
 300 main (int argc, char **argv)
 301 {
 302   VALUE *v;
 303
 304   initialize_main (&argc, &argv);
 305   set_program_name (argv[0]);
 306   setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
 307   bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
 308   textdomain (PACKAGE);
 309
 310   initialize_exit_failure (EXPR_FAILURE);
 311   atexit (close_stdout);
 312
 313   parse_long_options (argc, argv, PROGRAM_NAME, PACKAGE_NAME, VERSION,
 314                       usage, AUTHORS, (char const *) NULL);
 315   /* The above handles --help and --version.
 316      Since there is no other invocation of getopt, handle `--' here.  */
 317   if (argc > 1 && STREQ (argv[1], "--"))
 318     {
 319       --argc;
 320       ++argv;
 321     }
 322
 323   if (argc <= 1)
 324     {
 325       error (0, 0, _("missing operand"));
 326       usage (EXPR_INVALID);
 327     }
 328
 329   args = argv + 1;
 330
 331   v = eval (true);
 332   if (!nomoreargs ())
 333     syntax_error ();
 334   printv (v);
 335
 336   exit (null (v));
 337 }
 338
 339 /* Return a VALUE for I.  */
 340
 341 static VALUE *
 342 int_value (unsigned long int i)
 343 {
 344   VALUE *v = xmalloc (sizeof *v);
 345   v->type = integer;
 346   mpz_init_set_ui (v->u.i, i);
 347   return v;
 348 }
 349
 350 /* Return a VALUE for S.  */
 351
 352 static VALUE *
 353 str_value (char const *s)
 354 {
 355   VALUE *v = xmalloc (sizeof *v);
 356   v->type = string;
 357   v->u.s = xstrdup (s);
 358   return v;
 359 }
 360
 361 /* Free VALUE V, including structure components.  */
 362
 363 static void
 364 freev (VALUE *v)
 365 {
 366   if (v->type == string)
 367     free (v->u.s);
 368   else
 369     mpz_clear (v->u.i);
 370   free (v);
 371 }
 372
 373 /* Print VALUE V.  */
 374
 375 static void
 376 printv (VALUE *v)
 377 {
 378   switch (v->type)
 379     {
 380     case integer:
 381       mpz_out_str (stdout, 10, v->u.i);
 382       putchar ('\n');
 383       break;
 384     case string:
 385       puts (v->u.s);
 386       break;
 387     default:
 388       abort ();
 389     }
 390 }
 391
 392 /* Return true if V is a null-string or zero-number.  */
 393
 394 static bool
 395 null (VALUE *v)
 396 {
 397   switch (v->type)
 398     {
 399     case integer:
 400       return mpz_sgn (v->u.i) == 0;
 401     case string:
 402       {
 403         char const *cp = v->u.s;
 404         if (*cp == '\0')
 405           return true;
 406
 407         cp += (*cp == '-');
 408
 409         do
 410           {
 411             if (*cp != '0')
 412               return false;
 413           }
 414         while (*++cp);
 415
 416         return true;
 417       }
 418     default:
 419       abort ();
 420     }
 421 }
 422
 423 /* Return true if CP takes the form of an integer.  */
 424
 425 static bool
 426 looks_like_integer (char const *cp)
 427 {
 428   cp += (*cp == '-');
 429
 430   do
 431     if (! ISDIGIT (*cp))
 432       return false;
 433   while (*++cp);
 434
 435   return true;
 436 }
 437
 438 /* Coerce V to a string value (can't fail).  */
 439
 440 static void
 441 tostring (VALUE *v)
 442 {
 443   switch (v->type)
 444     {
 445     case integer:
 446       {
 447         char *s = mpz_get_str (NULL, 10, v->u.i);
 448         mpz_clear (v->u.i);
 449         v->u.s = s;
 450         v->type = string;
 451       }
 452       break;
 453     case string:
 454       break;
 455     default:
 456       abort ();
 457     }
 458 }
 459
 460 /* Coerce V to an integer value.  Return true on success, false on failure.  */
 461
 462 static bool
 463 toarith (VALUE *v)
 464 {
 465   switch (v->type)
 466     {
 467     case integer:
 468       return true;
 469     case string:
 470       {
 471         char *s = v->u.s;
 472
 473         if (! looks_like_integer (s))
 474           return false;
 475         if (mpz_init_set_str (v->u.i, s, 10) != 0 && !HAVE_GMP)
 476           error (EXPR_FAILURE, ERANGE, "%s", s);
 477         free (s);
 478         v->type = integer;
 479         return true;
 480       }
 481     default:
 482       abort ();
 483     }
 484 }
 485
 486 /* Extract a size_t value from a integer value I.
 487    If the value is negative, return SIZE_MAX.
 488    If the value is too large, return SIZE_MAX - 1.  */
 489 static size_t
 490 getsize (mpz_t i)
 491 {
 492   if (mpz_sgn (i) < 0)
 493     return SIZE_MAX;
 494   if (mpz_fits_ulong_p (i))
 495     {
 496       unsigned long int ul = mpz_get_ui (i);
 497       if (ul < SIZE_MAX)
 498         return ul;
 499     }
 500   return SIZE_MAX - 1;
 501 }
 502
 503 /* Return true and advance if the next token matches STR exactly.
 504    STR must not be NULL.  */
 505
 506 static bool
 507 nextarg (char const *str)
 508 {
 509   if (*args == NULL)
 510     return false;
 511   else
 512     {
 513       bool r = STREQ (*args, str);
 514       args += r;
 515       return r;
 516     }
 517 }
 518
 519 /* Return true if there no more tokens.  */
 520
 521 static bool
 522 nomoreargs (void)
 523 {
 524   return *args == 0;
 525 }
 526
 527 #ifdef EVAL_TRACE
 528 /* Print evaluation trace and args remaining.  */
 529
 530 static void
 531 trace (fxn)
 532      char *fxn;
 533 {
 534   char **a;
 535
 536   printf ("%s:", fxn);
 537   for (a = args; *a; a++)
 538     printf (" %s", *a);
 539   putchar ('\n');
 540 }
 541 #endif
 542
 543 /* Do the : operator.
 544    SV is the VALUE for the lhs (the string),
 545    PV is the VALUE for the rhs (the pattern).  */
 546
 547 static VALUE *
 548 docolon (VALUE *sv, VALUE *pv)
 549 {
 550   VALUE *v IF_LINT (= NULL);
 551   const char *errmsg;
 552   struct re_pattern_buffer re_buffer;
 553   char fastmap[UCHAR_MAX + 1];
 554   struct re_registers re_regs;
 555   regoff_t matchlen;
 556
 557   tostring (sv);
 558   tostring (pv);
 559
 560   re_regs.num_regs = 0;
 561   re_regs.start = NULL;
 562   re_regs.end = NULL;
 563
 564   re_buffer.buffer = NULL;
 565   re_buffer.allocated = 0;
 566   re_buffer.fastmap = fastmap;
 567   re_buffer.translate = NULL;
 568   re_syntax_options =
 569     RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_BASIC & ~RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_DUP & ~RE_NO_EMPTY_RANGES;
 570   errmsg = re_compile_pattern (pv->u.s, strlen (pv->u.s), &re_buffer);
 571   if (errmsg)
 572     error (EXPR_INVALID, 0, "%s", errmsg);
 573   re_buffer.newline_anchor = 0;
 574
 575   matchlen = re_match (&re_buffer, sv->u.s, strlen (sv->u.s), 0, &re_regs);
 576   if (0 <= matchlen)
 577     {
 578       /* Were \(...\) used? */
 579       if (re_buffer.re_nsub > 0)
 580         {
 581           sv->u.s[re_regs.end[1]] = '\0';
 582           v = str_value (sv->u.s + re_regs.start[1]);
 583         }
 584       else
 585         v = int_value (matchlen);
 586     }
 587   else if (matchlen == -1)
 588     {
 589       /* Match failed -- return the right kind of null.  */
 590       if (re_buffer.re_nsub > 0)
 591         v = str_value ("");
 592       else
 593         v = int_value (0);
 594     }
 595   else
 596     error (EXPR_FAILURE,
 597            (matchlen == -2 ? errno : EOVERFLOW),
 598            _("error in regular expression matcher"));
 599
 600   if (0 < re_regs.num_regs)
 601     {
 602       free (re_regs.start);
 603       free (re_regs.end);
 604     }
 605   re_buffer.fastmap = NULL;
 606   regfree (&re_buffer);
 607   return v;
 608 }
 609
 610 /* Handle bare operands and ( expr ) syntax.  */
 611
 612 static VALUE *
 613 eval7 (bool evaluate)
 614 {
 615   VALUE *v;
 616
 617 #ifdef EVAL_TRACE
 618   trace ("eval7");
 619 #endif
 620   if (nomoreargs ())
 621     syntax_error ();
 622
 623   if (nextarg ("("))
 624     {
 625       v = eval (evaluate);
 626       if (!nextarg (")"))
 627         syntax_error ();
 628       return v;
 629     }
 630
 631   if (nextarg (")"))
 632     syntax_error ();
 633
 634   return str_value (*args++);
 635 }
 636
 637 /* Handle match, substr, index, and length keywords, and quoting "+".  */
 638
 639 static VALUE *
 640 eval6 (bool evaluate)
 641 {
 642   VALUE *l;
 643   VALUE *r;
 644   VALUE *v;
 645   VALUE *i1;
 646   VALUE *i2;
 647
 648 #ifdef EVAL_TRACE
 649   trace ("eval6");
 650 #endif
 651   if (nextarg ("+"))
 652     {
 653       if (nomoreargs ())
 654         syntax_error ();
 655       return str_value (*args++);
 656     }
 657   else if (nextarg ("length"))
 658     {
 659       r = eval6 (evaluate);
 660       tostring (r);
 661       v = int_value (strlen (r->u.s));
 662       freev (r);
 663       return v;
 664     }
 665   else if (nextarg ("match"))
 666     {
 667       l = eval6 (evaluate);
 668       r = eval6 (evaluate);
 669       if (evaluate)
 670         {
 671           v = docolon (l, r);
 672           freev (l);
 673         }
 674       else
 675         v = l;
 676       freev (r);
 677       return v;
 678     }
 679   else if (nextarg ("index"))
 680     {
 681       size_t pos;
 682
 683       l = eval6 (evaluate);
 684       r = eval6 (evaluate);
 685       tostring (l);
 686       tostring (r);
 687       pos = strcspn (l->u.s, r->u.s);
 688       v = int_value (l->u.s[pos] ? pos + 1 : 0);
 689       freev (l);
 690       freev (r);
 691       return v;
 692     }
 693   else if (nextarg ("substr"))
 694     {
 695       size_t llen;
 696       l = eval6 (evaluate);
 697       i1 = eval6 (evaluate);
 698       i2 = eval6 (evaluate);
 699       tostring (l);
 700       llen = strlen (l->u.s);
 701
 702       if (!toarith (i1) || !toarith (i2))
 703         v = str_value ("");
 704       else
 705         {
 706           size_t pos = getsize (i1->u.i);
 707           size_t len = getsize (i2->u.i);
 708
 709           if (llen < pos || pos == 0 || len == 0 || len == SIZE_MAX)
 710             v = str_value ("");
 711           else
 712             {
 713               size_t vlen = MIN (len, llen - pos + 1);
 714               char *vlim;
 715               v = xmalloc (sizeof *v);
 716               v->type = string;
 717               v->u.s = xmalloc (vlen + 1);
 718               vlim = mempcpy (v->u.s, l->u.s + pos - 1, vlen);
 719               *vlim = '\0';
 720             }
 721         }
 722       freev (l);
 723       freev (i1);
 724       freev (i2);
 725       return v;
 726     }
 727   else
 728     return eval7 (evaluate);
 729 }
 730
 731 /* Handle : operator (pattern matching).
 732    Calls docolon to do the real work.  */
 733
 734 static VALUE *
 735 eval5 (bool evaluate)
 736 {
 737   VALUE *l;
 738   VALUE *r;
 739   VALUE *v;
 740
 741 #ifdef EVAL_TRACE
 742   trace ("eval5");
 743 #endif
 744   l = eval6 (evaluate);
 745   while (1)
 746     {
 747       if (nextarg (":"))
 748         {
 749           r = eval6 (evaluate);
 750           if (evaluate)
 751             {
 752               v = docolon (l, r);
 753               freev (l);
 754               l = v;
 755             }
 756           freev (r);
 757         }
 758       else
 759         return l;
 760     }
 761 }
 762
 763 /* Handle *, /, % operators.  */
 764
 765 static VALUE *
 766 eval4 (bool evaluate)
 767 {
 768   VALUE *l;
 769   VALUE *r;
 770   enum { multiply, divide, mod } fxn;
 771
 772 #ifdef EVAL_TRACE
 773   trace ("eval4");
 774 #endif
 775   l = eval5 (evaluate);
 776   while (1)
 777     {
 778       if (nextarg ("*"))
 779         fxn = multiply;
 780       else if (nextarg ("/"))
 781         fxn = divide;
 782       else if (nextarg ("%"))
 783         fxn = mod;
 784       else
 785         return l;
 786       r = eval5 (evaluate);
 787       if (evaluate)
 788         {
 789           if (!toarith (l) || !toarith (r))
 790             error (EXPR_INVALID, 0, _("non-integer argument"));
 791           if (fxn != multiply && mpz_sgn (r->u.i) == 0)
 792             error (EXPR_INVALID, 0, _("division by zero"));
 793           ((fxn == multiply ? mpz_mul
 794             : fxn == divide ? mpz_tdiv_q
 795             : mpz_tdiv_r)
 796            (l->u.i, l->u.i, r->u.i));
 797         }
 798       freev (r);
 799     }
 800 }
 801
 802 /* Handle +, - operators.  */
 803
 804 static VALUE *
 805 eval3 (bool evaluate)
 806 {
 807   VALUE *l;
 808   VALUE *r;
 809   enum { plus, minus } fxn;
 810
 811 #ifdef EVAL_TRACE
 812   trace ("eval3");
 813 #endif
 814   l = eval4 (evaluate);
 815   while (1)
 816     {
 817       if (nextarg ("+"))
 818         fxn = plus;
 819       else if (nextarg ("-"))
 820         fxn = minus;
 821       else
 822         return l;
 823       r = eval4 (evaluate);
 824       if (evaluate)
 825         {
 826           if (!toarith (l) || !toarith (r))
 827             error (EXPR_INVALID, 0, _("non-integer argument"));
 828           (fxn == plus ? mpz_add : mpz_sub) (l->u.i, l->u.i, r->u.i);
 829         }
 830       freev (r);
 831     }
 832 }
 833
 834 /* Handle comparisons.  */
 835
 836 static VALUE *
 837 eval2 (bool evaluate)
 838 {
 839   VALUE *l;
 840
 841 #ifdef EVAL_TRACE
 842   trace ("eval2");
 843 #endif
 844   l = eval3 (evaluate);
 845   while (1)
 846     {
 847       VALUE *r;
 848       enum
 849         {
 850           less_than, less_equal, equal, not_equal, greater_equal, greater_than
 851         } fxn;
 852       bool val = false;
 853
 854       if (nextarg ("<"))
 855         fxn = less_than;
 856       else if (nextarg ("<="))
 857         fxn = less_equal;
 858       else if (nextarg ("=") || nextarg ("=="))
 859         fxn = equal;
 860       else if (nextarg ("!="))
 861         fxn = not_equal;
 862       else if (nextarg (">="))
 863         fxn = greater_equal;
 864       else if (nextarg (">"))
 865         fxn = greater_than;
 866       else
 867         return l;
 868       r = eval3 (evaluate);
 869
 870       if (evaluate)
 871         {
 872           int cmp;
 873           tostring (l);
 874           tostring (r);
 875
 876           if (looks_like_integer (l->u.s) && looks_like_integer (r->u.s))
 877             cmp = strintcmp (l->u.s, r->u.s);
 878           else
 879             {
 880               errno = 0;
 881               cmp = strcoll (l->u.s, r->u.s);
 882
 883               if (errno)
 884                 {
 885                   error (0, errno, _("string comparison failed"));
 886                   error (0, 0, _("set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem"));
 887                   error (EXPR_INVALID, 0,
 888                          _("the strings compared were %s and %s"),
 889                          quotearg_n_style (0, locale_quoting_style, l->u.s),
 890                          quotearg_n_style (1, locale_quoting_style, r->u.s));
 891                 }
 892             }
 893
 894           switch (fxn)
 895             {
 896             case less_than:     val = (cmp <  0); break;
 897             case less_equal:    val = (cmp <= 0); break;
 898             case equal:         val = (cmp == 0); break;
 899             case not_equal:     val = (cmp != 0); break;
 900             case greater_equal: val = (cmp >= 0); break;
 901             case greater_than:  val = (cmp >  0); break;
 902             default: abort ();
 903             }
 904         }
 905
 906       freev (l);
 907       freev (r);
 908       l = int_value (val);
 909     }
 910 }
 911
 912 /* Handle &.  */
 913
 914 static VALUE *
 915 eval1 (bool evaluate)
 916 {
 917   VALUE *l;
 918   VALUE *r;
 919
 920 #ifdef EVAL_TRACE
 921   trace ("eval1");
 922 #endif
 923   l = eval2 (evaluate);
 924   while (1)
 925     {
 926       if (nextarg ("&"))
 927         {
 928           r = eval2 (evaluate && !null (l));
 929           if (null (l) || null (r))
 930             {
 931               freev (l);
 932               freev (r);
 933               l = int_value (0);
 934             }
 935           else
 936             freev (r);
 937         }
 938       else
 939         return l;
 940     }
 941 }
 942
 943 /* Handle |.  */
 944
 945 static VALUE *
 946 eval (bool evaluate)
 947 {
 948   VALUE *l;
 949   VALUE *r;
 950
 951 #ifdef EVAL_TRACE
 952   trace ("eval");
 953 #endif
 954   l = eval1 (evaluate);
 955   while (1)
 956     {
 957       if (nextarg ("|"))
 958         {
 959           r = eval1 (evaluate && null (l));
 960           if (null (l))
 961             {
 962               freev (l);
 963               l = r;
 964               if (null (l))
 965                 {
 966                   freev (l);
 967                   l = int_value (0);
 968                 }
 969             }
 970           else
 971             freev (r);
 972         }
 973       else
 974         return l;
 975     }
 976 }