1 /* seq - print sequence of numbers to standard output.
2 Copyright (C) 1994-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
7 (at your option) any later version.
9 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 GNU General Public License for more details.
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
17 /* Written by Ulrich Drepper. */
22 #include <sys/types.h>
30 /* Roll our own isfinite rather than using <math.h>, so that we don't
31 have to worry about linking -lm just for isfinite. */
33 # define isfinite(x) ((x) * 0 == 0)
36 /* The official name of this program (e.g., no 'g' prefix). */
37 #define PROGRAM_NAME "seq"
39 #define AUTHORS proper_name ("Ulrich Drepper")
41 /* If true print all number with equal width. */
42 static bool equal_width
;
44 /* The string used to separate two numbers. */
45 static char const *separator
;
47 /* The string output after all numbers have been output.
48 Usually "\n" or "\0". */
49 static char const terminator
[] = "\n";
51 static struct option
const long_options
[] =
53 { "equal-width", no_argument
, NULL
, 'w'},
54 { "format", required_argument
, NULL
, 'f'},
55 { "separator", required_argument
, NULL
, 's'},
56 {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL
},
57 {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL
},
64 if (status
!= EXIT_SUCCESS
)
69 Usage: %s [OPTION]... LAST\n\
70 or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST LAST\n\
71 or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST INCREMENT LAST\n\
72 "), program_name
, program_name
, program_name
);
74 Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INCREMENT.\n\
77 emit_mandatory_arg_note ();
80 -f, --format=FORMAT use printf style floating-point FORMAT\n\
81 -s, --separator=STRING use STRING to separate numbers (default: \\n)\n\
82 -w, --equal-width equalize width by padding with leading zeroes\n\
84 fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION
, stdout
);
85 fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION
, stdout
);
88 If FIRST or INCREMENT is omitted, it defaults to 1. That is, an\n\
89 omitted INCREMENT defaults to 1 even when LAST is smaller than FIRST.\n\
90 FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are interpreted as floating point values.\n\
91 INCREMENT is usually positive if FIRST is smaller than LAST, and\n\
92 INCREMENT is usually negative if FIRST is greater than LAST.\n\
95 FORMAT must be suitable for printing one argument of type 'double';\n\
96 it defaults to %.PRECf if FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are all fixed point\n\
97 decimal numbers with maximum precision PREC, and to %g otherwise.\n\
99 emit_ancillary_info ();
104 /* A command-line operand. */
107 /* Its value, converted to 'long double'. */
110 /* Its print width, if it were printed out in a form similar to its
111 input form. An input like "-.1" is treated like "-0.1", and an
112 input like "1." is treated like "1", but otherwise widths are
116 /* Number of digits after the decimal point, or INT_MAX if the
117 number can't easily be expressed as a fixed-point number. */
120 typedef struct operand operand
;
122 /* Description of what a number-generating format will generate. */
125 /* Number of bytes before and after the number. */
130 /* Read a long double value from the command line.
131 Return if the string is correct else signal error. */
134 scan_arg (const char *arg
)
138 if (! xstrtold (arg
, NULL
, &ret
.value
, c_strtold
))
140 error (0, 0, _("invalid floating point argument: %s"), arg
);
141 usage (EXIT_FAILURE
);
144 /* We don't output spaces or '+' so don't include in width */
145 while (isspace (to_uchar (*arg
)) || *arg
== '+')
148 ret
.width
= strlen (arg
);
149 ret
.precision
= INT_MAX
;
151 if (! arg
[strcspn (arg
, "xX")] && isfinite (ret
.value
))
153 char const *decimal_point
= strchr (arg
, '.');
158 size_t fraction_len
= strcspn (decimal_point
+ 1, "eE");
159 if (fraction_len
<= INT_MAX
)
160 ret
.precision
= fraction_len
;
161 ret
.width
+= (fraction_len
== 0 /* #. -> # */
163 : (decimal_point
== arg
/* .# -> 0.# */
164 || ! ISDIGIT (decimal_point
[-1]))); /* -.# -> 0.# */
166 char const *e
= strchr (arg
, 'e');
168 e
= strchr (arg
, 'E');
171 long exponent
= strtol (e
+ 1, NULL
, 10);
172 ret
.precision
+= exponent
< 0 ? -exponent
: 0;
173 /* Don't account for e.... in the width since this is not output. */
174 ret
.width
-= strlen (arg
) - (e
- arg
);
175 /* Adjust the width as per the exponent. */
180 if (e
== decimal_point
+ 1) /* undo #. -> # above */
185 exponent
= -exponent
;
187 ret
.width
+= exponent
;
194 /* If FORMAT is a valid printf format for a double argument, return
195 its long double equivalent, allocated from dynamic storage, and
196 store into *LAYOUT a description of the output layout; otherwise,
197 report an error and exit. */
200 long_double_format (char const *fmt
, struct layout
*layout
)
203 size_t prefix_len
= 0;
204 size_t suffix_len
= 0;
205 size_t length_modifier_offset
;
208 for (i
= 0; ! (fmt
[i
] == '%' && fmt
[i
+ 1] != '%'); i
+= (fmt
[i
] == '%') + 1)
211 error (EXIT_FAILURE
, 0,
212 _("format %s has no %% directive"), quote (fmt
));
217 i
+= strspn (fmt
+ i
, "-+#0 '");
218 i
+= strspn (fmt
+ i
, "0123456789");
222 i
+= strspn (fmt
+ i
, "0123456789");
225 length_modifier_offset
= i
;
226 has_L
= (fmt
[i
] == 'L');
229 error (EXIT_FAILURE
, 0, _("format %s ends in %%"), quote (fmt
));
230 if (! strchr ("efgaEFGA", fmt
[i
]))
231 error (EXIT_FAILURE
, 0,
232 _("format %s has unknown %%%c directive"), quote (fmt
), fmt
[i
]);
234 for (i
++; ; i
+= (fmt
[i
] == '%') + 1)
235 if (fmt
[i
] == '%' && fmt
[i
+ 1] != '%')
236 error (EXIT_FAILURE
, 0, _("format %s has too many %% directives"),
242 size_t format_size
= i
+ 1;
243 char *ldfmt
= xmalloc (format_size
+ 1);
244 memcpy (ldfmt
, fmt
, length_modifier_offset
);
245 ldfmt
[length_modifier_offset
] = 'L';
246 strcpy (ldfmt
+ length_modifier_offset
+ 1,
247 fmt
+ length_modifier_offset
+ has_L
);
248 layout
->prefix_len
= prefix_len
;
249 layout
->suffix_len
= suffix_len
;
254 /* Actually print the sequence of numbers in the specified range, with the
255 given or default stepping and format. */
258 print_numbers (char const *fmt
, struct layout layout
,
259 long double first
, long double step
, long double last
)
261 bool out_of_range
= (step
< 0 ? first
< last
: last
< first
);
265 long double x
= first
;
274 x
= first
+ i
* step
;
275 out_of_range
= (step
< 0 ? x
< last
: last
< x
);
279 /* If the number just past LAST prints as a value equal
280 to LAST, and prints differently from the previous
281 number, then print the number. This avoids problems
282 with rounding. For example, with the x86 it causes
283 "seq 0 0.000001 0.000003" to print 0.000003 instead
284 of stopping at 0.000002. */
286 bool print_extra_number
= false;
290 setlocale (LC_NUMERIC
, "C");
291 x_strlen
= asprintf (&x_str
, fmt
, x
);
292 setlocale (LC_NUMERIC
, "");
295 x_str
[x_strlen
- layout
.suffix_len
] = '\0';
297 if (xstrtold (x_str
+ layout
.prefix_len
, NULL
, &x_val
, c_strtold
)
301 if (asprintf (&x0_str
, fmt
, x0
) < 0)
303 print_extra_number
= !STREQ (x0_str
, x_str
);
308 if (! print_extra_number
)
312 fputs (separator
, stdout
);
315 fputs (terminator
, stdout
);
319 /* Return the default format given FIRST, STEP, and LAST. */
321 get_default_format (operand first
, operand step
, operand last
)
323 static char format_buf
[sizeof "%0.Lf" + 2 * INT_STRLEN_BOUND (int)];
325 int prec
= MAX (first
.precision
, step
.precision
);
327 if (prec
!= INT_MAX
&& last
.precision
!= INT_MAX
)
331 /* increase first_width by any increased precision in step */
332 size_t first_width
= first
.width
+ (prec
- first
.precision
);
333 /* adjust last_width to use precision from first/step */
334 size_t last_width
= last
.width
+ (prec
- last
.precision
);
335 if (last
.precision
&& prec
== 0)
336 last_width
--; /* don't include space for '.' */
337 if (last
.precision
== 0 && prec
)
338 last_width
++; /* include space for '.' */
339 if (first
.precision
== 0 && prec
)
340 first_width
++; /* include space for '.' */
341 size_t width
= MAX (first_width
, last_width
);
342 if (width
<= INT_MAX
)
345 sprintf (format_buf
, "%%0%d.%dLf", w
, prec
);
351 sprintf (format_buf
, "%%.%dLf", prec
);
359 /* The NUL-terminated string S0 of length S_LEN represents a valid
360 non-negative decimal integer. Adjust the string and length so
361 that the pair describe the next-larger value. */
363 incr (char **s0
, size_t *s_len
)
366 char *endp
= s
+ *s_len
- 1;
379 /* Compare A and B (each a NUL-terminated digit string), with lengths
380 given by A_LEN and B_LEN. Return +1 if A < B, -1 if B < A, else 0. */
382 cmp (char const *a
, size_t a_len
, char const *b
, size_t b_len
)
388 return (strcmp (a
, b
));
391 /* Trim leading 0's from S, but if S is all 0's, leave one.
392 Return a pointer to the trimmed string. */
393 static char const * _GL_ATTRIBUTE_PURE
394 trim_leading_zeros (char const *s
)
400 /* If there were only 0's, back up, to leave one. */
406 /* Print all whole numbers from A to B, inclusive -- to stdout, each
407 followed by a newline. If B < A, return false and print nothing.
408 Otherwise, return true. */
410 seq_fast (char const *a
, char const *b
)
412 /* Skip past any leading 0's. Without this, our naive cmp
413 function would declare 000 to be larger than 99. */
414 a
= trim_leading_zeros (a
);
415 b
= trim_leading_zeros (b
);
417 size_t p_len
= strlen (a
);
418 size_t q_len
= strlen (b
);
419 size_t n
= MAX (p_len
, q_len
);
420 char *p0
= xmalloc (n
+ 1);
421 char *p
= memcpy (p0
+ n
- p_len
, a
, p_len
+ 1);
422 char *q0
= xmalloc (n
+ 1);
423 char *q
= memcpy (q0
+ n
- q_len
, b
, q_len
+ 1);
425 bool ok
= cmp (p
, p_len
, q
, q_len
) <= 0;
428 /* Buffer at least this many numbers per fwrite call.
429 This gives a speed-up of more than 2x over the unbuffered code
430 when printing the first 10^9 integers. */
432 char *buf
= xmalloc (N
* (n
+ 1));
433 char const *buf_end
= buf
+ N
* (n
+ 1);
437 /* Write first number to buffer. */
438 z
= mempcpy (z
, p
, p_len
);
440 /* Append separator then number. */
441 while (cmp (p
, p_len
, q
, q_len
) < 0)
445 z
= mempcpy (z
, p
, p_len
);
446 /* If no place for another separator + number then
447 output buffer so far, and reset to start of buffer. */
448 if (buf_end
- (n
+ 1) < z
)
450 fwrite (buf
, z
- buf
, 1, stdout
);
455 /* Write any remaining buffered output, and the terminator. */
457 fwrite (buf
, z
- buf
, 1, stdout
);
459 IF_LINT (free (buf
));
467 /* Return true if S consists of at least one digit and no non-digits. */
468 static bool _GL_ATTRIBUTE_PURE
469 all_digits_p (char const *s
)
471 size_t n
= strlen (s
);
472 return ISDIGIT (s
[0]) && n
== strspn (s
, "0123456789");
476 main (int argc
, char **argv
)
479 operand first
= { 1, 1, 0 };
480 operand step
= { 1, 1, 0 };
482 struct layout layout
= { 0, 0 };
484 /* The printf(3) format used for output. */
485 char const *format_str
= NULL
;
487 initialize_main (&argc
, &argv
);
488 set_program_name (argv
[0]);
489 setlocale (LC_ALL
, "");
490 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE
, LOCALEDIR
);
491 textdomain (PACKAGE
);
493 atexit (close_stdout
);
498 /* We have to handle negative numbers in the command line but this
499 conflicts with the command line arguments. So explicitly check first
500 whether the next argument looks like a negative number. */
501 while (optind
< argc
)
503 if (argv
[optind
][0] == '-'
504 && ((optc
= argv
[optind
][1]) == '.' || ISDIGIT (optc
)))
506 /* means negative number */
510 optc
= getopt_long (argc
, argv
, "+f:s:w", long_options
, NULL
);
528 case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR
;
530 case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME
, AUTHORS
);
533 usage (EXIT_FAILURE
);
537 unsigned int n_args
= argc
- optind
;
540 error (0, 0, _("missing operand"));
541 usage (EXIT_FAILURE
);
546 error (0, 0, _("extra operand %s"), quote (argv
[optind
+ 3]));
547 usage (EXIT_FAILURE
);
551 format_str
= long_double_format (format_str
, &layout
);
553 if (format_str
!= NULL
&& equal_width
)
555 error (0, 0, _("format string may not be specified"
556 " when printing equal width strings"));
557 usage (EXIT_FAILURE
);
560 /* If the following hold:
561 - no format string, [FIXME: relax this, eventually]
562 - integer start (or no start)
564 - increment == 1 or not specified [FIXME: relax this, eventually]
565 then use the much more efficient integer-only code. */
566 if (all_digits_p (argv
[optind
])
567 && (n_args
== 1 || all_digits_p (argv
[optind
+ 1]))
568 && (n_args
< 3 || (STREQ ("1", argv
[optind
+ 1])
569 && all_digits_p (argv
[optind
+ 2])))
570 && !equal_width
&& !format_str
&& strlen (separator
) == 1)
572 char const *s1
= n_args
== 1 ? "1" : argv
[optind
];
573 char const *s2
= argv
[optind
+ (n_args
- 1)];
574 if (seq_fast (s1
, s2
))
577 /* Upon any failure, let the more general code deal with it. */
580 last
= scan_arg (argv
[optind
++]);
585 last
= scan_arg (argv
[optind
++]);
590 last
= scan_arg (argv
[optind
++]);
594 if (first
.precision
== 0 && step
.precision
== 0 && last
.precision
== 0
595 && 0 <= first
.value
&& step
.value
== 1 && 0 <= last
.value
596 && !equal_width
&& !format_str
&& strlen (separator
) == 1)
600 if (asprintf (&s1
, "%0.Lf", first
.value
) < 0)
602 if (asprintf (&s2
, "%0.Lf", last
.value
) < 0)
605 if (seq_fast (s1
, s2
))
614 /* Upon any failure, let the more general code deal with it. */
617 if (format_str
== NULL
)
618 format_str
= get_default_format (first
, step
, last
);
620 print_numbers (format_str
, layout
, first
.value
, step
.value
, last
.value
);