1 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Creative Commons Corporation
2 ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and does not provide legal services
3 or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not
4 create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses
5 and related information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons gives
6 no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms
7 and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all
8 liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent possible.
10 Using Creative Commons Public Licenses
12 Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions
13 that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of
14 authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights
15 specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for
16 informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our
19 Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by
20 those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise
21 restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable.
22 Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license
23 they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary
24 before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as
25 expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license.
26 This includes other CC-licensed material, or material used under an exception
27 or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors : wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors
29 Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor
30 grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified
31 terms and conditions. If the licensor's permission is not necessary for any
32 reason–for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright–then
33 that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions
34 under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to
35 grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons,
36 including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A
37 licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked
38 or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to
39 respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public
40 : wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees Creative Commons Attribution
41 4.0 International Public License
43 By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to
44 be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution
45 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public
46 License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights
47 in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the
48 Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor
49 receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and
52 Section 1 – Definitions.
54 a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights
55 that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the
56 Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise
57 modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar
58 Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the
59 Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted
60 Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed
61 relation with a moving image.
63 b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar
64 Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms
65 and conditions of this Public License.
67 c. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely
68 related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast,
69 sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the
70 rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the
71 rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.
73 d. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence
74 of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations
75 under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996,
76 and/or similar international agreements.
78 e. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other
79 exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your
80 use of the Licensed Material.
82 f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other
83 material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.
85 g. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and
86 conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and
87 Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the
88 Licensor has authority to license.
90 h. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this
93 i. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that
94 requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public
95 display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or
96 importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways
97 that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time
98 individually chosen by them.
100 j. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting
101 from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11
102 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded,
103 as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.
105 k. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under
106 this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.
112 1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor
113 hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive,
114 irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material
117 A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and
119 B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.
121 2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions
122 and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and
123 You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.
125 3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).
127 4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes
128 You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known
129 or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do
130 so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority
131 to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the
132 Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent
133 Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply
134 making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted
137 5. Downstream recipients.
139 A. Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed
140 Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the
141 Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.
143 B. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional
144 or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological
145 Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed
146 Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.
148 6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed
149 as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed
150 Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status
151 by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in
152 Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).
156 1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this
157 Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality
158 rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees
159 not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary
160 to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.
162 2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.
164 3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties
165 from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through
166 a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory
167 licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right
168 to collect such royalties.
170 Section 3 – License Conditions.
172 Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following
177 1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:
179 A. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed
182 i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others
183 designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the
184 Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);
186 ii. a copyright notice;
188 iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;
190 iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;
192 v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;
194 B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication
195 of any previous modifications; and
197 C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and
198 include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.
200 2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner
201 based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material.
202 For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a
203 URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.
205 3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required
206 by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.
208 4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply
209 must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this
212 Section 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.
214 Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to
215 Your use of the Licensed Material:
217 a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract,
218 reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of
221 b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in
222 a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database
223 in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents)
224 is Adapted Material; and
226 c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or
227 a substantial portion of the contents of the database.
229 For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace
230 Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include
231 other Copyright and Similar Rights.
233 Section 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.
235 a. Unless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible,
236 the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes
237 no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material,
238 whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation,
239 warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement,
240 absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of
241 errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties
242 are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.
244 b. To the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You
245 on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise
246 for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary,
247 or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License
248 or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of
249 the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation
250 of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply
253 c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above
254 shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely
255 approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.
257 Section 6 – Term and Termination.
259 a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights
260 licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then
261 Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.
263 b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section
266 1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured
267 within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or
269 2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.
271 c. For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right
272 the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public
275 d. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material
276 under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material
277 at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.
279 e. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.
281 Section 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.
283 a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or
284 conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.
286 b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed
287 Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms
288 and conditions of this Public License.
290 Section 8 – Interpretation.
292 a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not
293 be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use
294 of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under
297 b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed
298 unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary
299 to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed
300 from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining
301 terms and conditions.
303 c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure
304 to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.
306 d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation
307 upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor
308 or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.
310 Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative
311 Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes
312 and in those instances will be considered the "Licensor." The text of the
313 Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the
314 CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating
315 that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise
316 permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies,
317 Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons"
318 or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written
319 consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized
320 modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings,
321 or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt,
322 this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.
324 Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.