1 _____ ____ _____ ______ ____ ____ ____ _______
2 / ____/ __ \| __ \| ____| _ \ / __ \ / __ \__ __|
3 | | | | | | |__) | |__ | |_) | | | | | | | | |
4 | | | | | | _ /| __| | _ <| | | | | | | | |
5 | |___| |__| | | \ \| |____| |_) | |__| | |__| | | |
6 \_____\____/|_| \_\______|____/ \____/ \____/ |_|
9 /\ | \/ | __ \ / ____| |___ \
10 / \ | \ / | | | | | (___ __) |
11 / /\ \ | |\/| | | | | \___ \ |__ <
12 / ____ \| | | | |__| | ____) | ___) |
13 /_/ \_\_| |_|_____/ |_____/ |____/
16 S3 in coreboot (V 1.2)
17 ----------------------------------------
24 This document is about how the feature S3 is implemented on coreboot,
25 specifically on AMD platform. This topic deals with ACPI spec, hardware,
26 BIOS, OS. We try to help coreboot users to realize their own S3.
30 The S3 sleeping state is a low wake latency sleeping state where all
31 system context is lost except system memory. [1]. S3 is a ACPI
33 To enter S3, write 3 in SLP_TYPx and set the SLP_EN bit (See ACPI
34 registers). But if you do that, board can not resume at where it
35 sleeps, because you don't save the context. More often than not, we
36 make the board go into S3 by the tools which OSes provide. For
37 windows, click Start->sleep. For linux, some distribution provide a
38 tools called pm-suspend, which can make the system goto S3. If
39 pm-suspend is not available, we can run "echo mem > /sys/power/state",
40 but this way may not save all the needed context.
41 In S3 state, the power is off. So when the power button is pressed,
42 BIOS runs as it does in cold boot. If BIOS didn't detect whether
43 board boots or resumes, it would go the same way as boot. It is not
44 what we expect. BIOS detects the SLP_TYPx. If it is 3, it means BIOS
46 BIOS is responsible for restore the machine state as it is before
47 sleep. It needs restore the memory controller, not overwriting memory
48 which is not marked as reserved. For the peripheral which loses its
49 registers, BIOS needs to write the original value.
50 When everything is done, BIOS needs to find out the wakeup vector
51 provided by OSes and jump there. OSes also have work to do. We can go
52 to linux kernel or some other open source projects to find out how they
57 ACPI specification defines a group of registers. OSes handle all these
58 registers to read and write status to all the platform.
59 On AMD platform, these registers are provided by southbridge. For
60 example, Hudson uses PMIO 60:6F to define ACPI registers.
61 OSes don't have any specific driver to know where these registers
62 are. BIOS has the responsibility to allocated the IO resources and
63 write all these address to FADT, a ACPI defined table.
67 Restoring memory is the most important job done by BIOS. When the
68 power is off, the memory is maintained by standby power. BIOS need to
69 make sure that when flow goes to OS, everything in memory should be
72 The chip vendor will provide a way, or code, to wake up the memory
73 from sleeping. In AGESA 2008 arch, it is called AmdInitResume.
75 The BIOS itself needs some memory to run. Either, BIOS marks the erea
76 as reserved in e820, or BIOS saves the content into reserved space.
78 Here is the address Map for S3 Resume. Assumingly the total memory is 1GB.
79 00000000 --- 00100000 BIOS Reserved area.
80 00100000 --- 00200000 Free
81 00200000 --- 01000000 coreboot ramstage area.
82 01000000 --- 2e160000 Free
83 2e160000 --- 2e170000 ACPI table
84 2e170000 --- 2ef70000 OSRAM
85 2ef70000 --- 2efe0000 Stack in highmem
86 2efe0000 --- 2f000000 heap in highmem
89 AMD requirements in S3
90 ======================
91 Chip vendor like AMD will provide bunch of routines to restore the
93 * AmdS3Save: It is called in cold boot, save required register into
94 non-volatile storage. Currently, we use SPI flash to store the data.
95 * AmdInitResume: Restore the memory controller.
96 * AmdS3LateRestore: Called after AmdInitResume, restore other
98 * (SouthBridge)InitS3EarlyRestore, (SouthBridge)InitS3LateRestore:
99 Provided by Southbridge vendor code. Early is called before PCI
100 enumeration, and Late is called after that.
102 Lifecycle of booting, sleeping and waking coreboot and Ubuntu
103 =============================================================
105 For a system with S3 feature, the BIOS needs to save some data to
106 non-volatile storage at cold boot stage. What data need to be save are
107 provided by AmdS3Save. After the wrapper calls the AmdS3Save, it gets
108 the VolatileStorage and NvStorage, which are where the data are
109 located. It is the wrappers's responsibility to save the data.[3][4]
110 Currently, the wrappers allocate a CBFS modules in BIOS image. To do
111 that, the wrapper needs to have the ability to write flash chips. It
112 is not as comprehensive as flashrom. But for the SST chip on Parmer,
113 MX chip on Thather, coreboot works well.[5]
116 For Linux, besides the kernel needs to do some saving, most distributions
117 run some scripts. For Ubuntu, scripts are located at /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d.
118 # ls /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d
119 000kernel-change 49bluetooth 90clock 95led
120 00logging 55NetworkManager 94cpufreq 98video-quirk-db-handler
121 00powersave 60_wpa_supplicant 95anacron 99video
122 01PulseAudio 75modules 95hdparm-apm
123 The script with lower prefix runs before the one with higher prefix.
124 99video is the last one.
125 Those scripts have hooks called hibernate, suspend, thaw, resume. For
126 each script, suspend is called when system sleeps and wakeup is called
129 3. Firmware detects S3 wakeup
130 As we mentioned, Firmware detects the SLP_TYPx to find out if the board
131 wakes up. In romstage.c, AmdInitReset and AmdInitEarly are called
132 as they are during cold boot. AmdInitResume and AmdS3LateRestore are
133 called only during resume. For whole ramstage, coreboot goes through
134 almost the same way as cold boot, other than not calling the AmdInitMid,
135 AmdInitLate and AmdS3Save, and restoring all the MTRRs.
136 At last step of coreboot stage, coreboot finds out the wakeup vector in FADT,
137 written by OS, and jump.
140 When Linux resumes, all the sleeping scripts call their resume
141 hooks. If we are more lucky, all the scripts can go through. More
142 chances that the 99video hangs or fails to get the display
143 back. Sometimes it can fixed if CONFIG_S3_VGA_ROM_RUN is unset in
144 coreboot/Kconfig. That needs more troubleshooting.
149 [1] ACPI40a, http://www.acpi.info/spec40a.htm
150 [2] coreboot Vendorcode, {top}/src/vendorcode/amd/agesa/{family}/Proc/Common/
151 [3] coreboot AGESA wrapper, {top}/src/mainboard/amd/parmer/agesawrapper.c
152 [4] coreboot AGESA wrapper, {top}/src/cpu/amd/agesa/s3_resume.c
153 [5] coreboot Southbridge, {top}/src/southbridge/amd/agesa/hudson/spi.c