mesh_extra_tools/mesh_edgetools.py

   1 #  The Blender Edgetools is to bring CAD tools to Blender.
   2 #  Copyright (C) 2012  Paul Marshall
   3
   4 # ##### BEGIN GPL LICENSE BLOCK #####
   5 #
   6 #  This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   7 #  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   8 #  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
   9 #  (at your option) any later version.
  10 #
  11 #  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  12 #  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  13 #  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  14 #  GNU General Public License for more details.
  15 #
  16 #  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  17 #  along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  18 #
  19 # ##### END GPL LICENSE BLOCK #####
  20
  21 # <pep8 compliant>
  22
  23 bl_info = {
  24     "name": "EdgeTools",
  25     "author": "Paul Marshall",
  26     "version": (0, 9, 2),
  27     "blender": (2, 68, 0),
  28     "location": "View3D > Toolbar and View3D > Specials (W-key)",
  29     "warning": "",
  30     "description": "CAD style edge manipulation tools",
  31     "wiki_url": "https://wiki.blender.org/index.php/Extensions:2.6/Py/"
  32                 "Scripts/Modeling/EdgeTools",
  33     "category": "Mesh"}
  34
  35
  36 import bpy
  37 import bmesh
  38 from bpy.types import (
  39         Operator,
  40         Menu,
  41         )
  42 from math import acos, pi, radians, sqrt
  43 from mathutils import Matrix, Vector
  44 from mathutils.geometry import (
  45         distance_point_to_plane,
  46         interpolate_bezier,
  47         intersect_point_line,
  48         intersect_line_line,
  49         intersect_line_plane,
  50         )
  51 from bpy.props import (
  52         BoolProperty,
  53         IntProperty,
  54         FloatProperty,
  55         EnumProperty,
  56        )
  57
  58 """
  59 Blender EdgeTools
  60 This is a toolkit for edge manipulation based on mesh manipulation
  61 abilities of several CAD/CAE packages, notably CATIA's Geometric Workbench
  62 from which most of these tools have a functional basis.
  63
  64 The GUI and Blender add-on structure shamelessly coded in imitation of the
  65 LoopTools addon.
  66
  67 Examples:
  68 - "Ortho" inspired from CATIA's line creation tool which creates a line of a
  69    user specified length at a user specified angle to a curve at a chosen
  70    point.  The user then selects the plane the line is to be created in.
  71 - "Shaft" is inspired from CATIA's tool of the same name.  However, instead
  72    of a curve around an axis, this will instead shaft a line, a point, or
  73    a fixed radius about the selected axis.
  74 - "Slice" is from CATIA's ability to split a curve on a plane.  When
  75    completed this be a Python equivalent with all the same basic
  76    functionality, though it will sadly be a little clumsier to use due
  77    to Blender's selection limitations.
  78
  79 Notes:
  80 - Fillet operator and related functions removed as they didn't work
  81 - Buggy parts have been hidden behind ENABLE_DEBUG global (set it to True)
  82    Example: Shaft with more than two edges selected
  83
  84 Paul "BrikBot" Marshall
  85 Created: January 28, 2012
  86 Last Modified: October 6, 2012
  87
  88 Coded in IDLE, tested in Blender 2.6.
  89 Search for "@todo" to quickly find sections that need work
  90
  91 Note: lijenstina - modified this script in preparation for merging
  92 fixed the needless jumping to object mode for bmesh creation
  93 causing the crash with the Slice > Rip operator
  94 Removed the test operator since version 0.9.2
  95 added general error handling
  96 """
  97
  98 # Enable debug
  99 # Set to True to have the debug prints available
 100 ENABLE_DEBUG = False
 101
 102
 103 # Quick an dirty method for getting the sign of a number:
 104 def sign(number):
 105     return (number > 0) - (number < 0)
 106
 107
 108 # is_parallel
 109 # Checks to see if two lines are parallel
 110
 111 def is_parallel(v1, v2, v3, v4):
 112     result = intersect_line_line(v1, v2, v3, v4)
 113     return result is None
 114
 115
 116 # Handle error notifications
 117 def error_handlers(self, op_name, error, reports="ERROR", func=False):
 118     if self and reports:
 119         self.report({'WARNING'}, reports + " (See Console for more info)")
 120
 121     is_func = "Function" if func else "Operator"
 122     print("\n[Mesh EdgeTools]\n{}: {}\nError: {}\n".format(is_func, op_name, error))
 123
 124
 125 def flip_edit_mode():
 126     bpy.ops.object.editmode_toggle()
 127     bpy.ops.object.editmode_toggle()
 128
 129
 130 # check the appropriate selection condition
 131 # to prevent crashes with the index out of range errors
 132 # pass the bEdges and bVerts based selection tables here
 133 # types: Edge, Vertex, All
 134 def is_selected_enough(self, bEdges, bVerts, edges_n=1, verts_n=0, types="Edge"):
 135     check = False
 136     try:
 137         if bEdges and types == "Edge":
 138             check = (len(bEdges) >= edges_n)
 139         elif bVerts and types == "Vertex":
 140             check = (len(bVerts) >= verts_n)
 141         elif bEdges and bVerts and types == "All":
 142             check = (len(bEdges) >= edges_n and len(bVerts) >= verts_n)
 143
 144         if check is False:
 145             strings = "%s Vertices and / or " % verts_n if verts_n != 0 else ""
 146             self.report({'WARNING'},
 147                         "Needs at least " + strings + "%s Edge(s) selected. "
 148                         "Operation Cancelled" % edges_n)
 149             flip_edit_mode()
 150
 151         return check
 152
 153     except Exception as e:
 154         error_handlers(self, "is_selected_enough", e,
 155                       "No appropriate selection. Operation Cancelled", func=True)
 156         return False
 157
 158     return False
 159
 160
 161 # is_axial
 162 # This is for the special case where the edge is parallel to an axis.
 163 # The projection onto the XY plane will fail so it will have to be handled differently
 164
 165 def is_axial(v1, v2, error=0.000002):
 166     vector = v2 - v1
 167     # Don't need to store, but is easier to read:
 168     vec0 = vector[0] > -error and vector[0] < error
 169     vec1 = vector[1] > -error and vector[1] < error
 170     vec2 = vector[2] > -error and vector[2] < error
 171     if (vec0 or vec1) and vec2:
 172         return 'Z'
 173     elif vec0 and vec1:
 174         return 'Y'
 175     return None
 176
 177
 178 # is_same_co
 179 # For some reason "Vector = Vector" does not seem to look at the actual coordinates
 180
 181 def is_same_co(v1, v2):
 182     if len(v1) != len(v2):
 183         return False
 184     else:
 185         for co1, co2 in zip(v1, v2):
 186             if co1 != co2:
 187                 return False
 188     return True
 189
 190
 191 def is_face_planar(face, error=0.0005):
 192     for v in face.verts:
 193         d = distance_point_to_plane(v.co, face.verts[0].co, face.normal)
 194         if ENABLE_DEBUG:
 195             print("Distance: " + str(d))
 196         if d < -error or d > error:
 197             return False
 198     return True
 199
 200
 201 # other_joined_edges
 202 # Starts with an edge. Then scans for linked, selected edges and builds a
 203 # list with them in "order", starting at one end and moving towards the other
 204
 205 def order_joined_edges(edge, edges=[], direction=1):
 206     if len(edges) == 0:
 207         edges.append(edge)
 208         edges[0] = edge
 209
 210     if ENABLE_DEBUG:
 211         print(edge, end=", ")
 212         print(edges, end=", ")
 213         print(direction, end="; ")
 214
 215     # Robustness check: direction cannot be zero
 216     if direction == 0:
 217         direction = 1
 218
 219     newList = []
 220     for e in edge.verts[0].link_edges:
 221         if e.select and edges.count(e) == 0:
 222             if direction > 0:
 223                 edges.insert(0, e)
 224                 newList.extend(order_joined_edges(e, edges, direction + 1))
 225                 newList.extend(edges)
 226             else:
 227                 edges.append(e)
 228                 newList.extend(edges)
 229                 newList.extend(order_joined_edges(e, edges, direction - 1))
 230
 231     # This will only matter at the first level:
 232     direction = direction * -1
 233
 234     for e in edge.verts[1].link_edges:
 235         if e.select and edges.count(e) == 0:
 236             if direction > 0:
 237                 edges.insert(0, e)
 238                 newList.extend(order_joined_edges(e, edges, direction + 2))
 239                 newList.extend(edges)
 240             else:
 241                 edges.append(e)
 242                 newList.extend(edges)
 243                 newList.extend(order_joined_edges(e, edges, direction))
 244
 245     if ENABLE_DEBUG:
 246         print(newList, end=", ")
 247         print(direction)
 248
 249     return newList
 250
 251
 252 # --------------- GEOMETRY CALCULATION METHODS --------------
 253
 254 # distance_point_line
 255 # I don't know why the mathutils.geometry API does not already have this, but
 256 # it is trivial to code using the structures already in place. Instead of
 257 # returning a float, I also want to know the direction vector defining the
 258 # distance. Distance can be found with "Vector.length"
 259
 260 def distance_point_line(pt, line_p1, line_p2):
 261     int_co = intersect_point_line(pt, line_p1, line_p2)
 262     distance_vector = int_co[0] - pt
 263     return distance_vector
 264
 265
 266 # interpolate_line_line
 267 # This is an experiment into a cubic Hermite spline (c-spline) for connecting
 268 # two edges with edges that obey the general equation.
 269 # This will return a set of point coordinates (Vectors)
 270 #
 271 # A good, easy to read background on the mathematics can be found at:
 272 # http://cubic.org/docs/hermite.htm
 273 #
 274 # Right now this is . . . less than functional :P
 275 # @todo
 276 #   - C-Spline and Bezier curves do not end on p2_co as they are supposed to.
 277 #   - B-Spline just fails.  Epically.
 278 #   - Add more methods as I come across them.  Who said flexibility was bad?
 279
 280 def interpolate_line_line(p1_co, p1_dir, p2_co, p2_dir, segments, tension=1,
 281                           typ='BEZIER', include_ends=False):
 282     pieces = []
 283     fraction = 1 / segments
 284
 285     # Form: p1, tangent 1, p2, tangent 2
 286     if typ == 'HERMITE':
 287         poly = [[2, -3, 0, 1], [1, -2, 1, 0],
 288                 [-2, 3, 0, 0], [1, -1, 0, 0]]
 289     elif typ == 'BEZIER':
 290         poly = [[-1, 3, -3, 1], [3, -6, 3, 0],
 291                 [1, 0, 0, 0], [-3, 3, 0, 0]]
 292         p1_dir = p1_dir + p1_co
 293         p2_dir = -p2_dir + p2_co
 294     elif typ == 'BSPLINE':
 295         # Supposed poly matrix for a cubic b-spline:
 296         # poly = [[-1, 3, -3, 1], [3, -6, 3, 0],
 297         #         [-3, 0, 3, 0], [1, 4, 1, 0]]
 298         # My own invention to try to get something that somewhat acts right
 299         # This is semi-quadratic rather than fully cubic:
 300         poly = [[0, -1, 0, 1], [1, -2, 1, 0],
 301                 [0, -1, 2, 0], [1, -1, 0, 0]]
 302
 303     if include_ends:
 304         pieces.append(p1_co)
 305
 306     # Generate each point:
 307     for i in range(segments - 1):
 308         t = fraction * (i + 1)
 309         if ENABLE_DEBUG:
 310             print(t)
 311         s = [t ** 3, t ** 2, t, 1]
 312         h00 = (poly[0][0] * s[0]) + (poly[0][1] * s[1]) + (poly[0][2] * s[2]) + (poly[0][3] * s[3])
 313         h01 = (poly[1][0] * s[0]) + (poly[1][1] * s[1]) + (poly[1][2] * s[2]) + (poly[1][3] * s[3])
 314         h10 = (poly[2][0] * s[0]) + (poly[2][1] * s[1]) + (poly[2][2] * s[2]) + (poly[2][3] * s[3])
 315         h11 = (poly[3][0] * s[0]) + (poly[3][1] * s[1]) + (poly[3][2] * s[2]) + (poly[3][3] * s[3])
 316         pieces.append((h00 * p1_co) + (h01 * p1_dir) + (h10 * p2_co) + (h11 * p2_dir))
 317     if include_ends:
 318         pieces.append(p2_co)
 319
 320     # Return:
 321     if len(pieces) == 0:
 322         return None
 323     else:
 324         if ENABLE_DEBUG:
 325             print(pieces)
 326         return pieces
 327
 328
 329 # intersect_line_face
 330
 331 # Calculates the coordinate of intersection of a line with a face.  It returns
 332 # the coordinate if one exists, otherwise None.  It can only deal with tris or
 333 # quads for a face. A quad does NOT have to be planar
 334 """
 335 Quad math and theory:
 336 A quad may not be planar. Therefore the treated definition of the surface is
 337 that the surface is composed of all lines bridging two other lines defined by
 338 the given four points. The lines do not "cross"
 339
 340 The two lines in 3-space can defined as:
 341 ┌  ┐         ┌   ┐     ┌   ┐  ┌  ┐         ┌   ┐     ┌   ┐
 342 │x1│         │a11│     │b11│  │x2│         │a21│     │b21│
 343 │y1│ = (1-t1)│a12│ + t1│b12│, │y2│ = (1-t2)│a22│ + t2│b22│
 344 │z1│         │a13│     │b13│  │z2│         │a23│     │b23│
 345 └  ┘         └   ┘     └   ┘  └  ┘         └   ┘     └   ┘
 346 Therefore, the surface is the lines defined by every point alone the two
 347 lines with a same "t" value (t1 = t2). This is basically R = V1 + tQ, where
 348 Q = V2 - V1 therefore R = V1 + t(V2 - V1) -> R = (1 - t)V1 + tV2:
 349 ┌   ┐            ┌                  ┐      ┌                  ┐
 350 │x12│            │(1-t)a11 + t * b11│      │(1-t)a21 + t * b21│
 351 │y12│ = (1 - t12)│(1-t)a12 + t * b12│ + t12│(1-t)a22 + t * b22│
 352 │z12│            │(1-t)a13 + t * b13│      │(1-t)a23 + t * b23│
 353 └   ┘            └                  ┘      └                  ┘
 354 Now, the equation of our line can be likewise defined:
 355 ┌  ┐   ┌   ┐     ┌   ┐
 356 │x3│   │a31│     │b31│
 357 │y3│ = │a32│ + t3│b32│
 358 │z3│   │a33│     │b33│
 359 └  ┘   └   ┘     └   ┘
 360 Now we just have to find a valid solution for the two equations.  This should
 361 be our point of intersection. Therefore, x12 = x3 -> x, y12 = y3 -> y,
 362 z12 = z3 -> z.  Thus, to find that point we set the equation defining the
 363 surface as equal to the equation for the line:
 364         ┌                  ┐      ┌                  ┐   ┌   ┐     ┌   ┐
 365         │(1-t)a11 + t * b11│      │(1-t)a21 + t * b21│   │a31│     │b31│
 366 (1 - t12)│(1-t)a12 + t * b12│ + t12│(1-t)a22 + t * b22│ = │a32│ + t3│b32│
 367         │(1-t)a13 + t * b13│      │(1-t)a23 + t * b23│   │a33│     │b33│
 368         └                  ┘      └                  ┘   └   ┘     └   ┘
 369 This leaves us with three equations, three unknowns.  Solving the system by
 370 hand is practically impossible, but using Mathematica we are given an insane
 371 series of three equations (not reproduced here for the sake of space: see
 372 http://www.mediafire.com/file/cc6m6ba3sz2b96m/intersect_line_surface.nb and
 373 http://www.mediafire.com/file/0egbr5ahg14talm/intersect_line_surface2.nb for
 374 Mathematica computation).
 375
 376 Additionally, the resulting series of equations may result in a div by zero
 377 exception if the line in question if parallel to one of the axis or if the
 378 quad is planar and parallel to either the XY, XZ, or YZ planes. However, the
 379 system is still solvable but must be dealt with a little differently to avaid
 380 these special cases. Because the resulting equations are a little different,
 381 we have to code them differently. 00Hence the special cases.
 382
 383 Tri math and theory:
 384 A triangle must be planar (three points define a plane). So we just
 385 have to make sure that the line intersects inside the triangle.
 386
 387 If the point is within the triangle, then the angle between the lines that
 388 connect the point to the each individual point of the triangle will be
 389 equal to 2 * PI. Otherwise, if the point is outside the triangle, then the
 390 sum of the angles will be less.
 391 """
 392 # @todo
 393 # - Figure out how to deal with n-gons
 394 # How the heck is a face with 8 verts definied mathematically?
 395 # How do I then find the intersection point of a line with said vert?
 396 # How do I know if that point is "inside" all the verts?
 397 # I have no clue, and haven't been able to find anything on it so far
 398 # Maybe if someone (actually reads this and) who knows could note?
 399
 400
 401 def intersect_line_face(edge, face, is_infinite=False, error=0.000002):
 402     int_co = None
 403
 404     # If we are dealing with a non-planar quad:
 405     if len(face.verts) == 4 and not is_face_planar(face):
 406         edgeA = face.edges[0]
 407         edgeB = None
 408         flipB = False
 409
 410         for i in range(len(face.edges)):
 411             if face.edges[i].verts[0] not in edgeA.verts and \
 412                face.edges[i].verts[1] not in edgeA.verts:
 413
 414                 edgeB = face.edges[i]
 415                 break
 416
 417         # I haven't figured out a way to mix this in with the above. Doing so might remove a
 418         # few extra instructions from having to be executed saving a few clock cycles:
 419         for i in range(len(face.edges)):
 420             if face.edges[i] == edgeA or face.edges[i] == edgeB:
 421                 continue
 422             if ((edgeA.verts[0] in face.edges[i].verts and
 423                edgeB.verts[1] in face.edges[i].verts) or
 424                (edgeA.verts[1] in face.edges[i].verts and edgeB.verts[0] in face.edges[i].verts)):
 425
 426                 flipB = True
 427                 break
 428
 429         # Define calculation coefficient constants:
 430         # "xx1" is the x coordinate, "xx2" is the y coordinate, and "xx3" is the z coordinate
 431         a11, a12, a13 = edgeA.verts[0].co[0], edgeA.verts[0].co[1], edgeA.verts[0].co[2]
 432         b11, b12, b13 = edgeA.verts[1].co[0], edgeA.verts[1].co[1], edgeA.verts[1].co[2]
 433
 434         if flipB:
 435             a21, a22, a23 = edgeB.verts[1].co[0], edgeB.verts[1].co[1], edgeB.verts[1].co[2]
 436             b21, b22, b23 = edgeB.verts[0].co[0], edgeB.verts[0].co[1], edgeB.verts[0].co[2]
 437         else:
 438             a21, a22, a23 = edgeB.verts[0].co[0], edgeB.verts[0].co[1], edgeB.verts[0].co[2]
 439             b21, b22, b23 = edgeB.verts[1].co[0], edgeB.verts[1].co[1], edgeB.verts[1].co[2]
 440         a31, a32, a33 = edge.verts[0].co[0], edge.verts[0].co[1], edge.verts[0].co[2]
 441         b31, b32, b33 = edge.verts[1].co[0], edge.verts[1].co[1], edge.verts[1].co[2]
 442
 443         # There are a bunch of duplicate "sub-calculations" inside the resulting
 444         # equations for t, t12, and t3.  Calculate them once and store them to
 445         # reduce computational time:
 446         m01 = a13 * a22 * a31
 447         m02 = a12 * a23 * a31
 448         m03 = a13 * a21 * a32
 449         m04 = a11 * a23 * a32
 450         m05 = a12 * a21 * a33
 451         m06 = a11 * a22 * a33
 452         m07 = a23 * a32 * b11
 453         m08 = a22 * a33 * b11
 454         m09 = a23 * a31 * b12
 455         m10 = a21 * a33 * b12
 456         m11 = a22 * a31 * b13
 457         m12 = a21 * a32 * b13
 458         m13 = a13 * a32 * b21
 459         m14 = a12 * a33 * b21
 460         m15 = a13 * a31 * b22
 461         m16 = a11 * a33 * b22
 462         m17 = a12 * a31 * b23
 463         m18 = a11 * a32 * b23
 464         m19 = a13 * a22 * b31
 465         m20 = a12 * a23 * b31
 466         m21 = a13 * a32 * b31
 467         m22 = a23 * a32 * b31
 468         m23 = a12 * a33 * b31
 469         m24 = a22 * a33 * b31
 470         m25 = a23 * b12 * b31
 471         m26 = a33 * b12 * b31
 472         m27 = a22 * b13 * b31
 473         m28 = a32 * b13 * b31
 474         m29 = a13 * b22 * b31
 475         m30 = a33 * b22 * b31
 476         m31 = a12 * b23 * b31
 477         m32 = a32 * b23 * b31
 478         m33 = a13 * a21 * b32
 479         m34 = a11 * a23 * b32
 480         m35 = a13 * a31 * b32
 481         m36 = a23 * a31 * b32
 482         m37 = a11 * a33 * b32
 483         m38 = a21 * a33 * b32
 484         m39 = a23 * b11 * b32
 485         m40 = a33 * b11 * b32
 486         m41 = a21 * b13 * b32
 487         m42 = a31 * b13 * b32
 488         m43 = a13 * b21 * b32
 489         m44 = a33 * b21 * b32
 490         m45 = a11 * b23 * b32
 491         m46 = a31 * b23 * b32
 492         m47 = a12 * a21 * b33
 493         m48 = a11 * a22 * b33
 494         m49 = a12 * a31 * b33
 495         m50 = a22 * a31 * b33
 496         m51 = a11 * a32 * b33
 497         m52 = a21 * a32 * b33
 498         m53 = a22 * b11 * b33
 499         m54 = a32 * b11 * b33
 500         m55 = a21 * b12 * b33
 501         m56 = a31 * b12 * b33
 502         m57 = a12 * b21 * b33
 503         m58 = a32 * b21 * b33
 504         m59 = a11 * b22 * b33
 505         m60 = a31 * b22 * b33
 506         m61 = a33 * b12 * b21
 507         m62 = a32 * b13 * b21
 508         m63 = a33 * b11 * b22
 509         m64 = a31 * b13 * b22
 510         m65 = a32 * b11 * b23
 511         m66 = a31 * b12 * b23
 512         m67 = b13 * b22 * b31
 513         m68 = b12 * b23 * b31
 514         m69 = b13 * b21 * b32
 515         m70 = b11 * b23 * b32
 516         m71 = b12 * b21 * b33
 517         m72 = b11 * b22 * b33
 518         n01 = m01 - m02 - m03 + m04 + m05 - m06
 519         n02 = -m07 + m08 + m09 - m10 - m11 + m12 + m13 - m14 - m15 + m16 + m17 - m18 - \
 520               m25 + m27 + m29 - m31 + m39 - m41 - m43 + m45 - m53 + m55 + m57 - m59
 521         n03 = -m19 + m20 + m33 - m34 - m47 + m48
 522         n04 = m21 - m22 - m23 + m24 - m35 + m36 + m37 - m38 + m49 - m50 - m51 + m52
 523         n05 = m26 - m28 - m30 + m32 - m40 + m42 + m44 - m46 + m54 - m56 - m58 + m60
 524         n06 = m61 - m62 - m63 + m64 + m65 - m66 - m67 + m68 + m69 - m70 - m71 + m72
 525         n07 = 2 * n01 + n02 + 2 * n03 + n04 + n05
 526         n08 = n01 + n02 + n03 + n06
 527
 528         # Calculate t, t12, and t3:
 529         t = (n07 - sqrt(pow(-n07, 2) - 4 * (n01 + n03 + n04) * n08)) / (2 * n08)
 530
 531         # t12 can be greatly simplified by defining it with t in it:
 532         # If block used to help prevent any div by zero error.
 533         t12 = 0
 534
 535         if a31 == b31:
 536             # The line is parallel to the z-axis:
 537             if a32 == b32:
 538                 t12 = ((a11 - a31) + (b11 - a11) * t) / ((a21 - a11) + (a11 - a21 - b11 + b21) * t)
 539             # The line is parallel to the y-axis:
 540             elif a33 == b33:
 541                 t12 = ((a11 - a31) + (b11 - a11) * t) / ((a21 - a11) + (a11 - a21 - b11 + b21) * t)
 542             # The line is along the y/z-axis but is not parallel to either:
 543             else:
 544                 t12 = -(-(a33 - b33) * (-a32 + a12 * (1 - t) + b12 * t) + (a32 - b32) *
 545                         (-a33 + a13 * (1 - t) + b13 * t)) / (-(a33 - b33) *
 546                         ((a22 - a12) * (1 - t) + (b22 - b12) * t) + (a32 - b32) *
 547                         ((a23 - a13) * (1 - t) + (b23 - b13) * t))
 548         elif a32 == b32:
 549             # The line is parallel to the x-axis:
 550             if a33 == b33:
 551                 t12 = ((a12 - a32) + (b12 - a12) * t) / ((a22 - a12) + (a12 - a22 - b12 + b22) * t)
 552             # The line is along the x/z-axis but is not parallel to either:
 553             else:
 554                 t12 = -(-(a33 - b33) * (-a31 + a11 * (1 - t) + b11 * t) + (a31 - b31) * (-a33 + a13 *
 555                       (1 - t) + b13 * t)) / (-(a33 - b33) * ((a21 - a11) * (1 - t) + (b21 - b11) * t) +
 556                       (a31 - b31) * ((a23 - a13) * (1 - t) + (b23 - b13) * t))
 557         # The line is along the x/y-axis but is not parallel to either:
 558         else:
 559             t12 = -(-(a32 - b32) * (-a31 + a11 * (1 - t) + b11 * t) + (a31 - b31) * (-a32 + a12 *
 560                   (1 - t) + b12 * t)) / (-(a32 - b32) * ((a21 - a11) * (1 - t) + (b21 - b11) * t) +
 561                   (a31 - b31) * ((a22 - a21) * (1 - t) + (b22 - b12) * t))
 562
 563         # Likewise, t3 is greatly simplified by defining it in terms of t and t12:
 564         # If block used to prevent a div by zero error.
 565         t3 = 0
 566         if a31 != b31:
 567             t3 = (-a11 + a31 + (a11 - b11) * t + (a11 - a21) *
 568                 t12 + (a21 - a11 + b11 - b21) * t * t12) / (a31 - b31)
 569         elif a32 != b32:
 570             t3 = (-a12 + a32 + (a12 - b12) * t + (a12 - a22) *
 571                 t12 + (a22 - a12 + b12 - b22) * t * t12) / (a32 - b32)
 572         elif a33 != b33:
 573             t3 = (-a13 + a33 + (a13 - b13) * t + (a13 - a23) *
 574                 t12 + (a23 - a13 + b13 - b23) * t * t12) / (a33 - b33)
 575         else:
 576             if ENABLE_DEBUG:
 577                 print("The second edge is a zero-length edge")
 578             return None
 579
 580         # Calculate the point of intersection:
 581         x = (1 - t3) * a31 + t3 * b31
 582         y = (1 - t3) * a32 + t3 * b32
 583         z = (1 - t3) * a33 + t3 * b33
 584         int_co = Vector((x, y, z))
 585
 586         if ENABLE_DEBUG:
 587             print(int_co)
 588
 589         # If the line does not intersect the quad, we return "None":
 590         if (t < -1 or t > 1 or t12 < -1 or t12 > 1) and not is_infinite:
 591             int_co = None
 592
 593     elif len(face.verts) == 3:
 594         p1, p2, p3 = face.verts[0].co, face.verts[1].co, face.verts[2].co
 595         int_co = intersect_line_plane(edge.verts[0].co, edge.verts[1].co, p1, face.normal)
 596
 597         # Only check if the triangle is not being treated as an infinite plane:
 598         # Math based from http://paulbourke.net/geometry/linefacet/
 599         if int_co is not None and not is_infinite:
 600             pA = p1 - int_co
 601             pB = p2 - int_co
 602             pC = p3 - int_co
 603             # These must be unit vectors, else we risk a domain error:
 604             pA.length = 1
 605             pB.length = 1
 606             pC.length = 1
 607             aAB = acos(pA.dot(pB))
 608             aBC = acos(pB.dot(pC))
 609             aCA = acos(pC.dot(pA))
 610             sumA = aAB + aBC + aCA
 611
 612             # If the point is outside the triangle:
 613             if (sumA > (pi + error) and sumA < (pi - error)):
 614                 int_co = None
 615
 616     # This is the default case where we either have a planar quad or an n-gon
 617     else:
 618         int_co = intersect_line_plane(edge.verts[0].co, edge.verts[1].co,
 619                                       face.verts[0].co, face.normal)
 620     return int_co
 621
 622
 623 # project_point_plane
 624 # Projects a point onto a plane. Returns a tuple of the projection vector
 625 # and the projected coordinate
 626
 627 def project_point_plane(pt, plane_co, plane_no):
 628     if ENABLE_DEBUG:
 629         print("project_point_plane was called")
 630     proj_co = intersect_line_plane(pt, pt + plane_no, plane_co, plane_no)
 631     proj_ve = proj_co - pt
 632     if ENABLE_DEBUG:
 633         print("project_point_plane: proj_co is {}\nproj_ve is {}".format(proj_co, proj_ve))
 634     return (proj_ve, proj_co)
 635
 636
 637 # ------------ CHAMPHER HELPER METHODS -------------
 638
 639 def is_planar_edge(edge, error=0.000002):
 640     angle = edge.calc_face_angle()
 641     return ((angle < error and angle > -error) or
 642             (angle < (180 + error) and angle > (180 - error)))
 643
 644
 645 # ------------- EDGE TOOL METHODS -------------------
 646
 647 # Extends an "edge" in two directions:
 648 #   - Requires two vertices to be selected. They do not have to form an edge
 649 #   - Extends "length" in both directions
 650
 651 class Extend(Operator):
 652     bl_idname = "mesh.edgetools_extend"
 653     bl_label = "Extend"
 654     bl_description = "Extend the selected edges of vertex pairs"
 655     bl_options = {'REGISTER', 'UNDO'}
 656
 657     di1 = BoolProperty(
 658             name="Forwards",
 659             description="Extend the edge forwards",
 660             default=True
 661             )
 662     di2 = BoolProperty(
 663             name="Backwards",
 664             description="Extend the edge backwards",
 665             default=False
 666             )
 667     length = FloatProperty(
 668             name="Length",
 669             description="Length to extend the edge",
 670             min=0.0, max=1024.0,
 671             default=1.0
 672             )
 673
 674     def draw(self, context):
 675         layout = self.layout
 676
 677         row = layout.row(align=True)
 678         row.prop(self, "di1", toggle=True)
 679         row.prop(self, "di2", toggle=True)
 680
 681         layout.prop(self, "length")
 682
 683     @classmethod
 684     def poll(cls, context):
 685         ob = context.active_object
 686         return(ob and ob.type == 'MESH' and context.mode == 'EDIT_MESH')
 687
 688     def invoke(self, context, event):
 689         return self.execute(context)
 690
 691     def execute(self, context):
 692         try:
 693             me = context.object.data
 694             bm = bmesh.from_edit_mesh(me)
 695             bm.normal_update()
 696
 697             bEdges = bm.edges
 698             bVerts = bm.verts
 699
 700             edges = [e for e in bEdges if e.select]
 701             verts = [v for v in bVerts if v.select]
 702
 703             if not is_selected_enough(self, edges, 0, edges_n=1, verts_n=0, types="Edge"):
 704                 return {'CANCELLED'}
 705
 706             if len(edges) > 0:
 707                 for e in edges:
 708                     vector = e.verts[0].co - e.verts[1].co
 709                     vector.length = self.length
 710
 711                     if self.di1:
 712                         v = bVerts.new()
 713                         if (vector[0] + vector[1] + vector[2]) < 0:
 714                             v.co = e.verts[1].co - vector
 715                             newE = bEdges.new((e.verts[1], v))
 716                             bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
 717                         else:
 718                             v.co = e.verts[0].co + vector
 719                             newE = bEdges.new((e.verts[0], v))
 720                             bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
 721                     if self.di2:
 722                         v = bVerts.new()
 723                         if (vector[0] + vector[1] + vector[2]) < 0:
 724                             v.co = e.verts[0].co + vector
 725                             newE = bEdges.new((e.verts[0], v))
 726                             bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
 727                         else:
 728                             v.co = e.verts[1].co - vector
 729                             newE = bEdges.new((e.verts[1], v))
 730                             bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
 731             else:
 732                 vector = verts[0].co - verts[1].co
 733                 vector.length = self.length
 734
 735                 if self.di1:
 736                     v = bVerts.new()
 737                     if (vector[0] + vector[1] + vector[2]) < 0:
 738                         v.co = verts[1].co - vector
 739                         e = bEdges.new((verts[1], v))
 740                         bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
 741                     else:
 742                         v.co = verts[0].co + vector
 743                         e = bEdges.new((verts[0], v))
 744                         bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
 745                 if self.di2:
 746                     v = bVerts.new()
 747                     if (vector[0] + vector[1] + vector[2]) < 0:
 748                         v.co = verts[0].co + vector
 749                         e = bEdges.new((verts[0], v))
 750                         bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
 751                     else:
 752                         v.co = verts[1].co - vector
 753                         e = bEdges.new((verts[1], v))
 754                         bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
 755
 756             bmesh.update_edit_mesh(me)
 757
 758         except Exception as e:
 759             error_handlers(self, "mesh.edgetools_extend", e,
 760                            reports="Extend Operator failed", func=False)
 761             return {'CANCELLED'}
 762
 763         return {'FINISHED'}
 764
 765
 766 # Creates a series of edges between two edges using spline interpolation.
 767 # This basically just exposes existing functionality in addition to some
 768 # other common methods: Hermite (c-spline), Bezier, and b-spline. These
 769 # alternates I coded myself after some extensive research into spline theory
 770 #
 771 # @todo Figure out what's wrong with the Blender bezier interpolation
 772
 773 class Spline(Operator):
 774     bl_idname = "mesh.edgetools_spline"
 775     bl_label = "Spline"
 776     bl_description = "Create a spline interplopation between two edges"
 777     bl_options = {'REGISTER', 'UNDO'}
 778
 779     alg = EnumProperty(
 780             name="Spline Algorithm",
 781             items=[('Blender', "Blender", "Interpolation provided through mathutils.geometry"),
 782                     ('Hermite', "C-Spline", "C-spline interpolation"),
 783                     ('Bezier', "Bezier", "Bezier interpolation"),
 784                     ('B-Spline', "B-Spline", "B-Spline interpolation")],
 785             default='Bezier'
 786             )
 787     segments = IntProperty(
 788             name="Segments",
 789             description="Number of segments to use in the interpolation",
 790             min=2, max=4096,
 791             soft_max=1024,
 792             default=32
 793             )
 794     flip1 = BoolProperty(
 795             name="Flip Edge",
 796             description="Flip the direction of the spline on Edge 1",
 797             default=False
 798             )
 799     flip2 = BoolProperty(
 800             name="Flip Edge",
 801             description="Flip the direction of the spline on Edge 2",
 802             default=False
 803             )
 804     ten1 = FloatProperty(
 805             name="Tension",
 806             description="Tension on Edge 1",
 807             min=-4096.0, max=4096.0,
 808             soft_min=-8.0, soft_max=8.0,
 809             default=1.0
 810             )
 811     ten2 = FloatProperty(
 812             name="Tension",
 813             description="Tension on Edge 2",
 814             min=-4096.0, max=4096.0,
 815             soft_min=-8.0, soft_max=8.0,
 816             default=1.0
 817             )
 818
 819     def draw(self, context):
 820         layout = self.layout
 821
 822         layout.prop(self, "alg")
 823         layout.prop(self, "segments")
 824
 825         layout.label("Edge 1:")
 826         split = layout.split(percentage=0.8, align=True)
 827         split.prop(self, "ten1")
 828         split.prop(self, "flip1", text="", icon="ALIGN", toggle=True)
 829
 830         layout.label("Edge 2:")
 831         split = layout.split(percentage=0.8, align=True)
 832         split.prop(self, "ten2")
 833         split.prop(self, "flip2", text="", icon="ALIGN", toggle=True)
 834
 835     @classmethod
 836     def poll(cls, context):
 837         ob = context.active_object
 838         return(ob and ob.type == 'MESH' and context.mode == 'EDIT_MESH')
 839
 840     def invoke(self, context, event):
 841         return self.execute(context)
 842
 843     def execute(self, context):
 844         try:
 845             me = context.object.data
 846             bm = bmesh.from_edit_mesh(me)
 847             bm.normal_update()
 848
 849             bEdges = bm.edges
 850             bVerts = bm.verts
 851
 852             seg = self.segments
 853             edges = [e for e in bEdges if e.select]
 854
 855             if not is_selected_enough(self, edges, 0, edges_n=2, verts_n=0, types="Edge"):
 856                 return {'CANCELLED'}
 857
 858             verts = [edges[v // 2].verts[v % 2] for v in range(4)]
 859
 860             if self.flip1:
 861                 v1 = verts[1]
 862                 p1_co = verts[1].co
 863                 p1_dir = verts[1].co - verts[0].co
 864             else:
 865                 v1 = verts[0]
 866                 p1_co = verts[0].co
 867                 p1_dir = verts[0].co - verts[1].co
 868             if self.ten1 < 0:
 869                 p1_dir = -1 * p1_dir
 870                 p1_dir.length = -self.ten1
 871             else:
 872                 p1_dir.length = self.ten1
 873
 874             if self.flip2:
 875                 v2 = verts[3]
 876                 p2_co = verts[3].co
 877                 p2_dir = verts[2].co - verts[3].co
 878             else:
 879                 v2 = verts[2]
 880                 p2_co = verts[2].co
 881                 p2_dir = verts[3].co - verts[2].co
 882             if self.ten2 < 0:
 883                 p2_dir = -1 * p2_dir
 884                 p2_dir.length = -self.ten2
 885             else:
 886                 p2_dir.length = self.ten2
 887
 888             # Get the interploted coordinates:
 889             if self.alg == 'Blender':
 890                 pieces = interpolate_bezier(
 891                                 p1_co, p1_dir, p2_dir, p2_co, self.segments
 892                                 )
 893             elif self.alg == 'Hermite':
 894                 pieces = interpolate_line_line(
 895                                 p1_co, p1_dir, p2_co, p2_dir, self.segments, 1, 'HERMITE'
 896                                 )
 897             elif self.alg == 'Bezier':
 898                 pieces = interpolate_line_line(
 899                                 p1_co, p1_dir, p2_co, p2_dir, self.segments, 1, 'BEZIER'
 900                                 )
 901             elif self.alg == 'B-Spline':
 902                 pieces = interpolate_line_line(
 903                                 p1_co, p1_dir, p2_co, p2_dir, self.segments, 1, 'BSPLINE'
 904                                 )
 905
 906             verts = []
 907             verts.append(v1)
 908             # Add vertices and set the points:
 909             for i in range(seg - 1):
 910                 v = bVerts.new()
 911                 v.co = pieces[i]
 912                 bVerts.ensure_lookup_table()
 913                 verts.append(v)
 914             verts.append(v2)
 915             # Connect vertices:
 916             for i in range(seg):
 917                 e = bEdges.new((verts[i], verts[i + 1]))
 918                 bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
 919
 920             bmesh.update_edit_mesh(me)
 921
 922         except Exception as e:
 923             error_handlers(self, "mesh.edgetools_spline", e,
 924                            reports="Spline Operator failed", func=False)
 925             return {'CANCELLED'}
 926
 927         return {'FINISHED'}
 928
 929
 930 # Creates edges normal to planes defined between each of two edges and the
 931 # normal or the plane defined by those two edges.
 932 #   - Select two edges.  The must form a plane.
 933 #   - On running the script, eight edges will be created.  Delete the
 934 #     extras that you don't need.
 935 #   - The length of those edges is defined by the variable "length"
 936 #
 937 # @todo Change method from a cross product to a rotation matrix to make the
 938 #   angle part work.
 939 #   --- todo completed 2/4/2012, but still needs work ---
 940 # @todo Figure out a way to make +/- predictable
 941 #   - Maybe use angle between edges and vector direction definition?
 942 #   --- TODO COMPLETED ON 2/9/2012 ---
 943
 944 class Ortho(Operator):
 945     bl_idname = "mesh.edgetools_ortho"
 946     bl_label = "Angle Off Edge"
 947     bl_description = "Creates new edges within an angle from vertices of selected edges"
 948     bl_options = {'REGISTER', 'UNDO'}
 949
 950     vert1 = BoolProperty(
 951             name="Vertice 1",
 952             description="Enable edge creation for Vertice 1",
 953             default=True
 954             )
 955     vert2 = BoolProperty(
 956             name="Vertice 2",
 957             description="Enable edge creation for Vertice 2",
 958             default=True
 959             )
 960     vert3 = BoolProperty(
 961             name="Vertice 3",
 962             description="Enable edge creation for Vertice 3",
 963             default=True
 964             )
 965     vert4 = BoolProperty(
 966             name="Vertice 4",
 967             description="Enable edge creation for Vertice 4",
 968             default=True
 969             )
 970     pos = BoolProperty(
 971             name="Positive",
 972             description="Enable creation of positive direction edges",
 973             default=True
 974             )
 975     neg = BoolProperty(
 976             name="Negative",
 977             description="Enable creation of negative direction edges",
 978             default=True
 979             )
 980     angle = FloatProperty(
 981             name="Angle",
 982             description="Define the angle off of the originating edge",
 983             min=0.0, max=180.0,
 984             default=90.0
 985             )
 986     length = FloatProperty(
 987             name="Length",
 988             description="Length of created edges",
 989             min=0.0, max=1024.0,
 990             default=1.0
 991             )
 992     # For when only one edge is selected (Possible feature to be testd):
 993     plane = EnumProperty(
 994             name="Plane",
 995             items=[("XY", "X-Y Plane", "Use the X-Y plane as the plane of creation"),
 996                    ("XZ", "X-Z Plane", "Use the X-Z plane as the plane of creation"),
 997                    ("YZ", "Y-Z Plane", "Use the Y-Z plane as the plane of creation")],
 998             default="XY"
 999             )
1000
1001     def draw(self, context):
1002         layout = self.layout
1003
1004         layout.label("Creation:")
1005         split = layout.split()
1006         col = split.column()
1007
1008         col.prop(self, "vert1", toggle=True)
1009         col.prop(self, "vert2", toggle=True)
1010
1011         col = split.column()
1012         col.prop(self, "vert3", toggle=True)
1013         col.prop(self, "vert4", toggle=True)
1014
1015         layout.label("Direction:")
1016         row = layout.row(align=False)
1017         row.alignment = 'EXPAND'
1018         row.prop(self, "pos")
1019         row.prop(self, "neg")
1020
1021         layout.separator()
1022
1023         col = layout.column(align=True)
1024         col.prop(self, "angle")
1025         col.prop(self, "length")
1026
1027     @classmethod
1028     def poll(cls, context):
1029         ob = context.active_object
1030         return(ob and ob.type == 'MESH' and context.mode == 'EDIT_MESH')
1031
1032     def invoke(self, context, event):
1033         return self.execute(context)
1034
1035     def execute(self, context):
1036         try:
1037             me = context.object.data
1038             bm = bmesh.from_edit_mesh(me)
1039             bm.normal_update()
1040
1041             bVerts = bm.verts
1042             bEdges = bm.edges
1043             edges = [e for e in bEdges if e.select]
1044             vectors = []
1045
1046             if not is_selected_enough(self, edges, 0, edges_n=2, verts_n=0, types="Edge"):
1047                 return {'CANCELLED'}
1048
1049             verts = [edges[0].verts[0],
1050                      edges[0].verts[1],
1051                      edges[1].verts[0],
1052                      edges[1].verts[1]]
1053
1054             cos = intersect_line_line(verts[0].co, verts[1].co, verts[2].co, verts[3].co)
1055
1056             # If the two edges are parallel:
1057             if cos is None:
1058                 self.report({'WARNING'},
1059                             "Selected lines are parallel: results may be unpredictable")
1060                 vectors.append(verts[0].co - verts[1].co)
1061                 vectors.append(verts[0].co - verts[2].co)
1062                 vectors.append(vectors[0].cross(vectors[1]))
1063                 vectors.append(vectors[2].cross(vectors[0]))
1064                 vectors.append(-vectors[3])
1065             else:
1066                 # Warn the user if they have not chosen two planar edges:
1067                 if not is_same_co(cos[0], cos[1]):
1068                     self.report({'WARNING'},
1069                                 "Selected lines are not planar: results may be unpredictable")
1070
1071                 # This makes the +/- behavior predictable:
1072                 if (verts[0].co - cos[0]).length < (verts[1].co - cos[0]).length:
1073                     verts[0], verts[1] = verts[1], verts[0]
1074                 if (verts[2].co - cos[0]).length < (verts[3].co - cos[0]).length:
1075                     verts[2], verts[3] = verts[3], verts[2]
1076
1077                 vectors.append(verts[0].co - verts[1].co)
1078                 vectors.append(verts[2].co - verts[3].co)
1079
1080                 # Normal of the plane formed by vector1 and vector2:
1081                 vectors.append(vectors[0].cross(vectors[1]))
1082
1083                 # Possible directions:
1084                 vectors.append(vectors[2].cross(vectors[0]))
1085                 vectors.append(vectors[1].cross(vectors[2]))
1086
1087             # Set the length:
1088             vectors[3].length = self.length
1089             vectors[4].length = self.length
1090
1091             # Perform any additional rotations:
1092             matrix = Matrix.Rotation(radians(90 + self.angle), 3, vectors[2])
1093             vectors.append(matrix * -vectors[3])    # vectors[5]
1094             matrix = Matrix.Rotation(radians(90 - self.angle), 3, vectors[2])
1095             vectors.append(matrix * vectors[4])     # vectors[6]
1096             vectors.append(matrix * vectors[3])     # vectors[7]
1097             matrix = Matrix.Rotation(radians(90 + self.angle), 3, vectors[2])
1098             vectors.append(matrix * -vectors[4])    # vectors[8]
1099
1100             # Perform extrusions and displacements:
1101             # There will be a total of 8 extrusions.  One for each vert of each edge.
1102             # It looks like an extrusion will add the new vert to the end of the verts
1103             # list and leave the rest in the same location.
1104             # -- EDIT --
1105             # It looks like I might be able to do this within "bpy.data" with the ".add" function
1106
1107             for v in range(len(verts)):
1108                 vert = verts[v]
1109                 if ((v == 0 and self.vert1) or (v == 1 and self.vert2) or
1110                    (v == 2 and self.vert3) or (v == 3 and self.vert4)):
1111
1112                     if self.pos:
1113                         new = bVerts.new()
1114                         new.co = vert.co - vectors[5 + (v // 2) + ((v % 2) * 2)]
1115                         bVerts.ensure_lookup_table()
1116                         bEdges.new((vert, new))
1117                         bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
1118                     if self.neg:
1119                         new = bVerts.new()
1120                         new.co = vert.co + vectors[5 + (v // 2) + ((v % 2) * 2)]
1121                         bVerts.ensure_lookup_table()
1122                         bEdges.new((vert, new))
1123                         bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
1124
1125             bmesh.update_edit_mesh(me)
1126         except Exception as e:
1127             error_handlers(self, "mesh.edgetools_ortho", e,
1128                            reports="Angle Off Edge Operator failed", func=False)
1129             return {'CANCELLED'}
1130
1131         return {'FINISHED'}
1132
1133
1134 # Usage:
1135 # Select an edge and a point or an edge and specify the radius (default is 1 BU)
1136 # You can select two edges but it might be unpredictable which edge it revolves
1137 # around so you might have to play with the switch
1138
1139 class Shaft(Operator):
1140     bl_idname = "mesh.edgetools_shaft"
1141     bl_label = "Shaft"
1142     bl_description = "Create a shaft mesh around an axis"
1143     bl_options = {'REGISTER', 'UNDO'}
1144
1145     # Selection defaults:
1146     shaftType = 0
1147
1148     # For tracking if the user has changed selection:
1149     last_edge = IntProperty(
1150             name="Last Edge",
1151             description="Tracks if user has changed selected edges",
1152             min=0, max=1,
1153             default=0
1154             )
1155     last_flip = False
1156
1157     edge = IntProperty(
1158             name="Edge",
1159             description="Edge to shaft around",
1160             min=0, max=1,
1161             default=0
1162             )
1163     flip = BoolProperty(
1164             name="Flip Second Edge",
1165             description="Flip the percieved direction of the second edge",
1166             default=False
1167             )
1168     radius = FloatProperty(
1169             name="Radius",
1170             description="Shaft Radius",
1171             min=0.0, max=1024.0,
1172             default=1.0
1173             )
1174     start = FloatProperty(
1175             name="Starting Angle",
1176             description="Angle to start the shaft at",
1177             min=-360.0, max=360.0,
1178             default=0.0
1179             )
1180     finish = FloatProperty(
1181             name="Ending Angle",
1182             description="Angle to end the shaft at",
1183             min=-360.0, max=360.0,
1184             default=360.0
1185             )
1186     segments = IntProperty(
1187             name="Shaft Segments",
1188             description="Number of segments to use in the shaft",
1189             min=1, max=4096,
1190             soft_max=512,
1191             default=32
1192             )
1193
1194     def draw(self, context):
1195         layout = self.layout
1196
1197         if self.shaftType == 0:
1198             layout.prop(self, "edge")
1199             layout.prop(self, "flip")
1200         elif self.shaftType == 3:
1201             layout.prop(self, "radius")
1202
1203         layout.prop(self, "segments")
1204         layout.prop(self, "start")
1205         layout.prop(self, "finish")
1206
1207     @classmethod
1208     def poll(cls, context):
1209         ob = context.active_object
1210         return(ob and ob.type == 'MESH' and context.mode == 'EDIT_MESH')
1211
1212     def invoke(self, context, event):
1213         # Make sure these get reset each time we run:
1214         self.last_edge = 0
1215         self.edge = 0
1216
1217         return self.execute(context)
1218
1219     def execute(self, context):
1220         try:
1221             me = context.object.data
1222             bm = bmesh.from_edit_mesh(me)
1223             bm.normal_update()
1224
1225             bFaces = bm.faces
1226             bEdges = bm.edges
1227             bVerts = bm.verts
1228
1229             active = None
1230             edges, verts = [], []
1231
1232             # Pre-caclulated values:
1233             rotRange = [radians(self.start), radians(self.finish)]
1234             rads = radians((self.finish - self.start) / self.segments)
1235
1236             numV = self.segments + 1
1237             numE = self.segments
1238
1239             edges = [e for e in bEdges if e.select]
1240
1241             # Robustness check: there should at least be one edge selected
1242             if not is_selected_enough(self, edges, 0, edges_n=1, verts_n=0, types="Edge"):
1243                 return {'CANCELLED'}
1244
1245             # If two edges are selected:
1246             if len(edges) == 2:
1247                 # default:
1248                 edge = [0, 1]
1249                 vert = [0, 1]
1250
1251                 # By default, we want to shaft around the last selected edge (it
1252                 # will be the active edge). We know we are using the default if
1253                 # the user has not changed which edge is being shafted around (as
1254                 # is tracked by self.last_edge). When they are not the same, then
1255                 # the user has changed selection.
1256                 # We then need to make sure that the active object really is an edge
1257                 # (robustness check)
1258                 # Finally, if the active edge is not the inital one, we flip them
1259                 # and have the GUI reflect that
1260                 if self.last_edge == self.edge:
1261                     if isinstance(bm.select_history.active, bmesh.types.BMEdge):
1262                         if bm.select_history.active != edges[edge[0]]:
1263                             self.last_edge, self.edge = edge[1], edge[1]
1264                             edge = [edge[1], edge[0]]
1265                     else:
1266                         flip_edit_mode()
1267                         self.report({'WARNING'},
1268                                     "Active geometry is not an edge. Operation Cancelled")
1269                         return {'CANCELLED'}
1270                 elif self.edge == 1:
1271                     edge = [1, 0]
1272
1273                 verts.append(edges[edge[0]].verts[0])
1274                 verts.append(edges[edge[0]].verts[1])
1275
1276                 if self.flip:
1277                     verts = [1, 0]
1278
1279                 verts.append(edges[edge[1]].verts[vert[0]])
1280                 verts.append(edges[edge[1]].verts[vert[1]])
1281
1282                 self.shaftType = 0
1283             # If there is more than one edge selected:
1284             # There are some issues with it ATM, so don't expose is it to normal users
1285             # @todo Fix edge connection ordering issue
1286             elif ENABLE_DEBUG and len(edges) > 2:
1287                 if isinstance(bm.select_history.active, bmesh.types.BMEdge):
1288                     active = bm.select_history.active
1289                     edges.remove(active)
1290                     # Get all the verts:
1291                     # edges = order_joined_edges(edges[0])
1292                     verts = []
1293                     for e in edges:
1294                         if verts.count(e.verts[0]) == 0:
1295                             verts.append(e.verts[0])
1296                         if verts.count(e.verts[1]) == 0:
1297                             verts.append(e.verts[1])
1298                 else:
1299                     flip_edit_mode()
1300                     self.report({'WARNING'},
1301                                 "Active geometry is not an edge. Operation Cancelled")
1302                     return {'CANCELLED'}
1303                 self.shaftType = 1
1304             else:
1305                 verts.append(edges[0].verts[0])
1306                 verts.append(edges[0].verts[1])
1307
1308                 for v in bVerts:
1309                     if v.select and verts.count(v) == 0:
1310                         verts.append(v)
1311                     v.select = False
1312                 if len(verts) == 2:
1313                     self.shaftType = 3
1314                 else:
1315                     self.shaftType = 2
1316
1317             # The vector denoting the axis of rotation:
1318             if self.shaftType == 1:
1319                 axis = active.verts[1].co - active.verts[0].co
1320             else:
1321                 axis = verts[1].co - verts[0].co
1322
1323             # We will need a series of rotation matrices. We could use one which
1324             # would be faster but also might cause propagation of error
1325             # matrices = []
1326             # for i in range(numV):
1327             #    matrices.append(Matrix.Rotation((rads * i) + rotRange[0], 3, axis))
1328             matrices = [Matrix.Rotation((rads * i) + rotRange[0], 3, axis) for i in range(numV)]
1329
1330             # New vertice coordinates:
1331             verts_out = []
1332
1333             # If two edges were selected:
1334             #  - If the lines are not parallel, then it will create a cone-like shaft
1335             if self.shaftType == 0:
1336                 for i in range(len(verts) - 2):
1337                     init_vec = distance_point_line(verts[i + 2].co, verts[0].co, verts[1].co)
1338                     co = init_vec + verts[i + 2].co
1339                     # These will be rotated about the orgin so will need to be shifted:
1340                     for j in range(numV):
1341                         verts_out.append(co - (matrices[j] * init_vec))
1342             elif self.shaftType == 1:
1343                 for i in verts:
1344                     init_vec = distance_point_line(i.co, active.verts[0].co, active.verts[1].co)
1345                     co = init_vec + i.co
1346                     # These will be rotated about the orgin so will need to be shifted:
1347                     for j in range(numV):
1348                         verts_out.append(co - (matrices[j] * init_vec))
1349             # Else if a line and a point was selected:
1350             elif self.shaftType == 2:
1351                 init_vec = distance_point_line(verts[2].co, verts[0].co, verts[1].co)
1352                 # These will be rotated about the orgin so will need to be shifted:
1353                 verts_out = [
1354                     (verts[i].co - (matrices[j] * init_vec)) for i in range(2) for j in range(numV)
1355                     ]
1356             else:
1357                 # Else the above are not possible, so we will just use the edge:
1358                 #  - The vector defined by the edge is the normal of the plane for the shaft
1359                 #  - The shaft will have radius "radius"
1360                 if is_axial(verts[0].co, verts[1].co) is None:
1361                     proj = (verts[1].co - verts[0].co)
1362                     proj[2] = 0
1363                     norm = proj.cross(verts[1].co - verts[0].co)
1364                     vec = norm.cross(verts[1].co - verts[0].co)
1365                     vec.length = self.radius
1366                 elif is_axial(verts[0].co, verts[1].co) == 'Z':
1367                     vec = verts[0].co + Vector((0, 0, self.radius))
1368                 else:
1369                     vec = verts[0].co + Vector((0, self.radius, 0))
1370                 init_vec = distance_point_line(vec, verts[0].co, verts[1].co)
1371                 # These will be rotated about the orgin so will need to be shifted:
1372                 verts_out = [
1373                     (verts[i].co - (matrices[j] * init_vec)) for i in range(2) for j in range(numV)
1374                     ]
1375
1376             # We should have the coordinates for a bunch of new verts
1377             # Now add the verts and build the edges and then the faces
1378
1379             newVerts = []
1380
1381             if self.shaftType == 1:
1382                 # Vertices:
1383                 for i in range(numV * len(verts)):
1384                     new = bVerts.new()
1385                     new.co = verts_out[i]
1386                     bVerts.ensure_lookup_table()
1387                     new.select = True
1388                     newVerts.append(new)
1389                 # Edges:
1390                 for i in range(numE):
1391                     for j in range(len(verts)):
1392                         e = bEdges.new((newVerts[i + (numV * j)], newVerts[i + (numV * j) + 1]))
1393                         bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
1394                         e.select = True
1395                 for i in range(numV):
1396                     for j in range(len(verts) - 1):
1397                         e = bEdges.new((newVerts[i + (numV * j)], newVerts[i + (numV * (j + 1))]))
1398                         bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
1399                         e.select = True
1400
1401                 # Faces: There is a problem with this right now
1402                 """
1403                 for i in range(len(edges)):
1404                     for j in range(numE):
1405                         f = bFaces.new((newVerts[i], newVerts[i + 1],
1406                                        newVerts[i + (numV * j) + 1], newVerts[i + (numV * j)]))
1407                         f.normal_update()
1408                 """
1409             else:
1410                 # Vertices:
1411                 for i in range(numV * 2):
1412                     new = bVerts.new()
1413                     new.co = verts_out[i]
1414                     new.select = True
1415                     bVerts.ensure_lookup_table()
1416                     newVerts.append(new)
1417                 # Edges:
1418                 for i in range(numE):
1419                     e = bEdges.new((newVerts[i], newVerts[i + 1]))
1420                     e.select = True
1421                     bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
1422                     e = bEdges.new((newVerts[i + numV], newVerts[i + numV + 1]))
1423                     e.select = True
1424                     bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
1425                 for i in range(numV):
1426                     e = bEdges.new((newVerts[i], newVerts[i + numV]))
1427                     e.select = True
1428                     bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
1429                 # Faces:
1430                 for i in range(numE):
1431                     f = bFaces.new((newVerts[i], newVerts[i + 1],
1432                                     newVerts[i + numV + 1], newVerts[i + numV]))
1433                     bFaces.ensure_lookup_table()
1434                     f.normal_update()
1435
1436             bmesh.update_edit_mesh(me)
1437
1438         except Exception as e:
1439             error_handlers(self, "mesh.edgetools_shaft", e,
1440                            reports="Shaft Operator failed", func=False)
1441             return {'CANCELLED'}
1442
1443         return {'FINISHED'}
1444
1445
1446 # "Slices" edges crossing a plane defined by a face
1447
1448 class Slice(Operator):
1449     bl_idname = "mesh.edgetools_slice"
1450     bl_label = "Slice"
1451     bl_description = "Cut edges at the plane defined by a selected face"
1452     bl_options = {'REGISTER', 'UNDO'}
1453
1454     make_copy = BoolProperty(
1455             name="Make Copy",
1456             description="Make new vertices at intersection points instead of spliting the edge",
1457             default=False
1458             )
1459     rip = BoolProperty(
1460             name="Rip",
1461             description="Split into two edges that DO NOT share an intersection vertex",
1462             default=True
1463             )
1464     pos = BoolProperty(
1465             name="Positive",
1466             description="Remove the portion on the side of the face normal",
1467             default=False
1468             )
1469     neg = BoolProperty(
1470             name="Negative",
1471             description="Remove the portion on the side opposite of the face normal",
1472             default=False
1473             )
1474
1475     def draw(self, context):
1476         layout = self.layout
1477
1478         layout.prop(self, "make_copy")
1479         if not self.make_copy:
1480             layout.prop(self, "rip")
1481             layout.label("Remove Side:")
1482             layout.prop(self, "pos")
1483             layout.prop(self, "neg")
1484
1485     @classmethod
1486     def poll(cls, context):
1487         ob = context.active_object
1488         return(ob and ob.type == 'MESH' and context.mode == 'EDIT_MESH')
1489
1490     def invoke(self, context, event):
1491         return self.execute(context)
1492
1493     def execute(self, context):
1494         try:
1495             me = context.object.data
1496             bm = bmesh.from_edit_mesh(me)
1497             bm.normal_update()
1498
1499             bVerts = bm.verts
1500             bEdges = bm.edges
1501             bFaces = bm.faces
1502
1503             face, normal = None, None
1504
1505             # Find the selected face. This will provide the plane to project onto:
1506             #  - First check to use the active face. Allows users to just
1507             #    select a bunch of faces with the last being the cutting plane
1508             #  - If that fails, then use the first found selected face in the BMesh face list
1509             if isinstance(bm.select_history.active, bmesh.types.BMFace):
1510                 face = bm.select_history.active
1511                 normal = bm.select_history.active.normal
1512                 bm.select_history.active.select = False
1513             else:
1514                 for f in bFaces:
1515                     if f.select:
1516                         face = f
1517                         normal = f.normal
1518                         f.select = False
1519                         break
1520
1521             # If we don't find a selected face exit:
1522             if face is None:
1523                 flip_edit_mode()
1524                 self.report({'WARNING'},
1525                             "Please select a face as the cutting plane. Operation Cancelled")
1526                 return {'CANCELLED'}
1527
1528             # Warn the user if they are using an n-gon might lead to some odd results
1529             elif len(face.verts) > 4 and not is_face_planar(face):
1530                 self.report({'WARNING'},
1531                             "Selected face is an N-gon.  Results may be unpredictable")
1532
1533             if ENABLE_DEBUG:
1534                 dbg = 0
1535                 print("Number of Edges: ", len(bEdges))
1536
1537             for e in bEdges:
1538                 if ENABLE_DEBUG:
1539                     print("Looping through Edges - ", dbg)
1540                     dbg = dbg + 1
1541
1542                 # Get the end verts on the edge:
1543                 v1 = e.verts[0]
1544                 v2 = e.verts[1]
1545
1546                 # Make sure that verts are not a part of the cutting plane:
1547                 if e.select and (v1 not in face.verts and v2 not in face.verts):
1548                     if len(face.verts) < 5:  # Not an n-gon
1549                         intersection = intersect_line_face(e, face, True)
1550                     else:
1551                         intersection = intersect_line_plane(v1.co, v2.co, face.verts[0].co, normal)
1552
1553                     if ENABLE_DEBUG:
1554                         print("Intersection: ", intersection)
1555
1556                     # If an intersection exists find the distance of each of the end
1557                     # points from the plane, with "positive" being in the direction
1558                     # of the cutting plane's normal. If the points are on opposite
1559                     # side of the plane, then it intersects and we need to cut it
1560                     if intersection is not None:
1561                         bVerts.ensure_lookup_table()
1562                         bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
1563                         bFaces.ensure_lookup_table()
1564
1565                         d1 = distance_point_to_plane(v1.co, face.verts[0].co, normal)
1566                         d2 = distance_point_to_plane(v2.co, face.verts[0].co, normal)
1567                         # If they have different signs, then the edge crosses the cutting plane:
1568                         if abs(d1 + d2) < abs(d1 - d2):
1569                             # Make the first vertex the positive one:
1570                             if d1 < d2:
1571                                 v2, v1 = v1, v2
1572
1573                             if self.make_copy:
1574                                 new = bVerts.new()
1575                                 new.co = intersection
1576                                 new.select = True
1577                                 bVerts.ensure_lookup_table()
1578                             elif self.rip:
1579                                 if ENABLE_DEBUG:
1580                                     print("Branch rip engaged")
1581                                 newV1 = bVerts.new()
1582                                 newV1.co = intersection
1583                                 bVerts.ensure_lookup_table()
1584                                 if ENABLE_DEBUG:
1585                                     print("newV1 created", end='; ')
1586
1587                                 newV2 = bVerts.new()
1588                                 newV2.co = intersection
1589                                 bVerts.ensure_lookup_table()
1590
1591                                 if ENABLE_DEBUG:
1592                                     print("newV2 created", end='; ')
1593
1594                                 newE1 = bEdges.new((v1, newV1))
1595                                 newE2 = bEdges.new((v2, newV2))
1596                                 bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
1597
1598                                 if ENABLE_DEBUG:
1599                                     print("new edges created", end='; ')
1600
1601                                 if e.is_valid:
1602                                     bEdges.remove(e)
1603
1604                                 bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
1605
1606                                 if ENABLE_DEBUG:
1607                                     print("Old edge removed.\nWe're done with this edge")
1608                             else:
1609                                 new = list(bmesh.utils.edge_split(e, v1, 0.5))
1610                                 bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
1611                                 new[1].co = intersection
1612                                 e.select = False
1613                                 new[0].select = False
1614                                 if self.pos:
1615                                     bEdges.remove(new[0])
1616                                 if self.neg:
1617                                     bEdges.remove(e)
1618                                 bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
1619
1620             if ENABLE_DEBUG:
1621                 print("The Edge Loop has exited. Now to update the bmesh")
1622                 dbg = 0
1623
1624             bmesh.update_edit_mesh(me)
1625
1626         except Exception as e:
1627             error_handlers(self, "mesh.edgetools_slice", e,
1628                            reports="Slice Operator failed", func=False)
1629             return {'CANCELLED'}
1630
1631         return {'FINISHED'}
1632
1633
1634 # This projects the selected edges onto the selected plane
1635 # and/or both points on the selected edge
1636
1637 class Project(Operator):
1638     bl_idname = "mesh.edgetools_project"
1639     bl_label = "Project"
1640     bl_description = ("Projects the selected Vertices/Edges onto a selected plane\n"
1641                       "(Active is projected onto the rest)")
1642     bl_options = {'REGISTER', 'UNDO'}
1643
1644     make_copy = BoolProperty(
1645             name="Make Copy",
1646             description="Make duplicates of the vertices instead of altering them",
1647             default=False
1648             )
1649
1650     def draw(self, context):
1651         layout = self.layout
1652         layout.prop(self, "make_copy")
1653
1654     @classmethod
1655     def poll(cls, context):
1656         ob = context.active_object
1657         return (ob and ob.type == 'MESH' and context.mode == 'EDIT_MESH')
1658
1659     def invoke(self, context, event):
1660         return self.execute(context)
1661
1662     def execute(self, context):
1663         try:
1664             me = context.object.data
1665             bm = bmesh.from_edit_mesh(me)
1666             bm.normal_update()
1667
1668             bFaces = bm.faces
1669             bVerts = bm.verts
1670
1671             fVerts = []
1672
1673             # Find the selected face.  This will provide the plane to project onto:
1674             # @todo Check first for an active face
1675             for f in bFaces:
1676                 if f.select:
1677                     for v in f.verts:
1678                         fVerts.append(v)
1679                     normal = f.normal
1680                     f.select = False
1681                     break
1682
1683             for v in bVerts:
1684                 if v.select:
1685                     if v in fVerts:
1686                         v.select = False
1687                         continue
1688                     d = distance_point_to_plane(v.co, fVerts[0].co, normal)
1689                     if self.make_copy:
1690                         temp = v
1691                         v = bVerts.new()
1692                         v.co = temp.co
1693                         bVerts.ensure_lookup_table()
1694                     vector = normal
1695                     vector.length = abs(d)
1696                     v.co = v.co - (vector * sign(d))
1697                     v.select = False
1698
1699             bmesh.update_edit_mesh(me)
1700
1701         except Exception as e:
1702             error_handlers(self, "mesh.edgetools_project", e,
1703                            reports="Project Operator failed", func=False)
1704
1705             return {'CANCELLED'}
1706
1707         return {'FINISHED'}
1708
1709
1710 # Project_End is for projecting/extending an edge to meet a plane
1711 # This is used be selecting a face to define the plane then all the edges
1712 # Then move the vertices in the edge that is closest to the
1713 # plane to the coordinates of the intersection of the edge and the plane
1714
1715 class Project_End(Operator):
1716     bl_idname = "mesh.edgetools_project_end"
1717     bl_label = "Project (End Point)"
1718     bl_description = ("Projects the vertices of the selected\n"
1719                       "edges closest to a plane onto that plane")
1720     bl_options = {'REGISTER', 'UNDO'}
1721
1722     make_copy = BoolProperty(
1723             name="Make Copy",
1724             description="Make a duplicate of the vertice instead of moving it",
1725             default=False
1726             )
1727     keep_length = BoolProperty(
1728             name="Keep Edge Length",
1729             description="Maintain edge lengths",
1730             default=False
1731             )
1732     use_force = BoolProperty(
1733             name="Use opposite vertices",
1734             description="Force the usage of the vertices at the other end of the edge",
1735             default=False
1736             )
1737     use_normal = BoolProperty(
1738             name="Project along normal",
1739             description="Use the plane's normal as the projection direction",
1740             default=False
1741             )
1742
1743     def draw(self, context):
1744         layout = self.layout
1745
1746         if not self.keep_length:
1747             layout.prop(self, "use_normal")
1748         layout.prop(self, "make_copy")
1749         layout.prop(self, "use_force")
1750
1751     @classmethod
1752     def poll(cls, context):
1753         ob = context.active_object
1754         return(ob and ob.type == 'MESH' and context.mode == 'EDIT_MESH')
1755
1756     def invoke(self, context, event):
1757         return self.execute(context)
1758
1759     def execute(self, context):
1760         try:
1761             me = context.object.data
1762             bm = bmesh.from_edit_mesh(me)
1763             bm.normal_update()
1764
1765             bFaces = bm.faces
1766             bEdges = bm.edges
1767             bVerts = bm.verts
1768
1769             fVerts = []
1770
1771             # Find the selected face. This will provide the plane to project onto:
1772             for f in bFaces:
1773                 if f.select:
1774                     for v in f.verts:
1775                         fVerts.append(v)
1776                     normal = f.normal
1777                     f.select = False
1778                     break
1779
1780             for e in bEdges:
1781                 if e.select:
1782                     v1 = e.verts[0]
1783                     v2 = e.verts[1]
1784                     if v1 in fVerts or v2 in fVerts:
1785                         e.select = False
1786                         continue
1787                     intersection = intersect_line_plane(v1.co, v2.co, fVerts[0].co, normal)
1788                     if intersection is not None:
1789                         # Use abs because we don't care what side of plane we're on:
1790                         d1 = distance_point_to_plane(v1.co, fVerts[0].co, normal)
1791                         d2 = distance_point_to_plane(v2.co, fVerts[0].co, normal)
1792                         # If d1 is closer than we use v1 as our vertice:
1793                         # "xor" with 'use_force':
1794                         if (abs(d1) < abs(d2)) is not self.use_force:
1795                             if self.make_copy:
1796                                 v1 = bVerts.new()
1797                                 v1.co = e.verts[0].co
1798                                 bVerts.ensure_lookup_table()
1799                                 bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
1800                             if self.keep_length:
1801                                 v1.co = intersection
1802                             elif self.use_normal:
1803                                 vector = normal
1804                                 vector.length = abs(d1)
1805                                 v1.co = v1.co - (vector * sign(d1))
1806                             else:
1807                                 v1.co = intersection
1808                         else:
1809                             if self.make_copy:
1810                                 v2 = bVerts.new()
1811                                 v2.co = e.verts[1].co
1812                                 bVerts.ensure_lookup_table()
1813                                 bEdges.ensure_lookup_table()
1814                             if self.keep_length:
1815                                 v2.co = intersection
1816                             elif self.use_normal:
1817                                 vector = normal
1818                                 vector.length = abs(d2)
1819                                 v2.co = v2.co - (vector * sign(d2))
1820                             else:
1821                                 v2.co = intersection
1822                     e.select = False
1823
1824             bmesh.update_edit_mesh(me)
1825
1826         except Exception as e:
1827             error_handlers(self, "mesh.edgetools_project_end", e,
1828                            reports="Project (End Point) Operator failed", func=False)
1829             return {'CANCELLED'}
1830
1831         return {'FINISHED'}
1832
1833
1834 class VIEW3D_MT_edit_mesh_edgetools(Menu):
1835     bl_label = "Edge Tools"
1836     bl_description = "Various tools for manipulating edges"
1837
1838     def draw(self, context):
1839         layout = self.layout
1840
1841         layout.operator("mesh.edgetools_extend")
1842         layout.operator("mesh.edgetools_spline")
1843         layout.operator("mesh.edgetools_ortho")
1844         layout.operator("mesh.edgetools_shaft")
1845         layout.operator("mesh.edgetools_slice")
1846         layout.separator()
1847
1848         layout.operator("mesh.edgetools_project")
1849         layout.operator("mesh.edgetools_project_end")
1850
1851
1852 # define classes for registration
1853 classes = (
1854     VIEW3D_MT_edit_mesh_edgetools,
1855     Extend,
1856     Spline,
1857     Ortho,
1858     Shaft,
1859     Slice,
1860     Project,
1861     Project_End,
1862     )
1863
1864
1865 # registering and menu integration
1866 def register():
1867     for cls in classes:
1868         bpy.utils.register_class(cls)
1869
1870
1871 # unregistering and removing menus
1872 def unregister():
1873     for cls in classes:
1874         bpy.utils.unregister_class(cls)
1875
1876
1877 if __name__ == "__main__":
1878     register()