3 ### Writing Functional Tests
7 The [example_test.py](example_test.py) is a heavily commented example of a test case that uses both
8 the RPC and P2P interfaces. If you are writing your first test, copy that file
9 and modify to fit your needs.
13 Running `test_runner.py` with the `--coverage` argument tracks which RPCs are
14 called by the tests and prints a report of uncovered RPCs in the summary. This
15 can be used (along with the `--extended` argument) to find out which RPCs we
16 don't have test cases for.
20 - Where possible, try to adhere to [PEP-8 guidelines]([https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/)
21 - Use a python linter like flake8 before submitting PRs to catch common style
22 nits (eg trailing whitespace, unused imports, etc)
23 - Avoid wildcard imports where possible
24 - Use a module-level docstring to describe what the test is testing, and how it
26 - When subclassing the BitcoinTestFramwork, place overrides for the
27 `set_test_params()`, `add_options()` and `setup_xxxx()` methods at the top of
28 the subclass, then locally-defined helper methods, then the `run_test()` method.
30 #### General test-writing advice
32 - Set `self.num_nodes` to the minimum number of nodes necessary for the test.
33 Having additional unrequired nodes adds to the execution time of the test as
34 well as memory/CPU/disk requirements (which is important when running tests in
35 parallel or on Travis).
36 - Avoid stop-starting the nodes multiple times during the test if possible. A
37 stop-start takes several seconds, so doing it several times blows up the
39 - Set the `self.setup_clean_chain` variable in `set_test_params()` to control whether
40 or not to use the cached data directories. The cached data directories
41 contain a 200-block pre-mined blockchain and wallets for four nodes. Each node
42 has 25 mature blocks (25x50=1250 BTC) in its wallet.
43 - When calling RPCs with lots of arguments, consider using named keyword
44 arguments instead of positional arguments to make the intent of the call
47 #### RPC and P2P definitions
49 Test writers may find it helpful to refer to the definitions for the RPC and
50 P2P messages. These can be found in the following source files:
52 - `/src/rpc/*` for RPCs
53 - `/src/wallet/rpc*` for wallet RPCs
54 - `ProcessMessage()` in `/src/net_processing.cpp` for parsing P2P messages
56 #### Using the P2P interface
58 - `mininode.py` contains all the definitions for objects that pass
59 over the network (`CBlock`, `CTransaction`, etc, along with the network-level
60 wrappers for them, `msg_block`, `msg_tx`, etc).
62 - P2P tests have two threads. One thread handles all network communication
63 with the bitcoind(s) being tested (using python's asyncore package); the other
64 implements the test logic.
66 - `NodeConn` is the class used to connect to a bitcoind. If you implement
67 a callback class that derives from `NodeConnCB` and pass that to the
68 `NodeConn` object, your code will receive the appropriate callbacks when
69 events of interest arrive.
71 - Call `NetworkThread.start()` after all `NodeConn` objects are created to
72 start the networking thread. (Continue with the test logic in your existing
75 - Can be used to write tests where specific P2P protocol behavior is tested.
76 Examples tests are `p2p-accept-block.py`, `p2p-compactblocks.py`.
80 - Comptool is a Testing framework for writing tests that compare the block/tx acceptance
81 behavior of a bitcoind against 1 or more other bitcoind instances. It should not be used
82 to write static tests with known outcomes, since that type of test is easier to write and
83 maintain using the standard BitcoinTestFramework.
85 - Set the `num_nodes` variable (defined in `ComparisonTestFramework`) to start up
86 1 or more nodes. If using 1 node, then `--testbinary` can be used as a command line
87 option to change the bitcoind binary used by the test. If using 2 or more nodes,
88 then `--refbinary` can be optionally used to change the bitcoind that will be used
91 - Implement a (generator) function called `get_tests()` which yields `TestInstance`s.
92 Each `TestInstance` consists of:
93 - A list of `[object, outcome, hash]` entries
94 * `object` is a `CBlock`, `CTransaction`, or
95 `CBlockHeader`. `CBlock`'s and `CTransaction`'s are tested for
96 acceptance. `CBlockHeader`s can be used so that the test runner can deliver
97 complete headers-chains when requested from the bitcoind, to allow writing
98 tests where blocks can be delivered out of order but still processed by
99 headers-first bitcoind's.
100 * `outcome` is `True`, `False`, or `None`. If `True`
101 or `False`, the tip is compared with the expected tip -- either the
102 block passed in, or the hash specified as the optional 3rd entry. If
103 `None` is specified, then the test will compare all the bitcoind's
104 being tested to see if they all agree on what the best tip is.
105 * `hash` is the block hash of the tip to compare against. Optional to
106 specify; if left out then the hash of the block passed in will be used as
107 the expected tip. This allows for specifying an expected tip while testing
108 the handling of either invalid blocks or blocks delivered out of order,
109 which complete a longer chain.
110 - `sync_every_block`: `True/False`. If `False`, then all blocks
111 are inv'ed together, and the test runner waits until the node receives the
112 last one, and tests only the last block for tip acceptance using the
113 outcome and specified tip. If `True`, then each block is tested in
114 sequence and synced (this is slower when processing many blocks).
115 - `sync_every_transaction`: `True/False`. Analogous to
116 `sync_every_block`, except if the outcome on the last tx is "None",
117 then the contents of the entire mempool are compared across all bitcoind
118 connections. If `True` or `False`, then only the last tx's
119 acceptance is tested against the given outcome.
121 - For examples of tests written in this framework, see
122 `invalidblockrequest.py` and `p2p-fullblocktest.py`.
124 ### test-framework modules
126 #### [test_framework/authproxy.py](test_framework/authproxy.py)
127 Taken from the [python-bitcoinrpc repository](https://github.com/jgarzik/python-bitcoinrpc).
129 #### [test_framework/test_framework.py](test_framework/test_framework.py)
130 Base class for functional tests.
132 #### [test_framework/util.py](test_framework/util.py)
133 Generally useful functions.
135 #### [test_framework/mininode.py](test_framework/mininode.py)
136 Basic code to support P2P connectivity to a bitcoind.
138 #### [test_framework/comptool.py](test_framework/comptool.py)
139 Framework for comparison-tool style, P2P tests.
141 #### [test_framework/script.py](test_framework/script.py)
142 Utilities for manipulating transaction scripts (originally from python-bitcoinlib)
144 #### [test_framework/blockstore.py](test_framework/blockstore.py)
145 Implements disk-backed block and tx storage.
147 #### [test_framework/key.py](test_framework/key.py)
148 Wrapper around OpenSSL EC_Key (originally from python-bitcoinlib)
150 #### [test_framework/bignum.py](test_framework/bignum.py)
151 Helpers for script.py
153 #### [test_framework/blocktools.py](test_framework/blocktools.py)
154 Helper functions for creating blocks and transactions.