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6 Please see the the `INSTALL` or `INSTALL.WIN` documents for installation
11 BioPerl is a package of public domain Perl tools for computational molecular
14 Our website (http://bioperl.org/) provides an online resource of modules,
15 scripts, and web links for developers of Perl-based software for life science
20 BioPerl mailing list: bioperl-l@bioperl.org
22 There's quite a variety of tools available in BioPerl, and more are added all
23 the time. If the tool you're looking for isn't described in the documentation
24 please write us, it could be undocumented or in process.
26 * Project website : http://bioperl.org/
28 * Bug reports : https://github.com/bioperl/bioperl-live/issues
30 Please send us bugs, in particular about documentation which you think is
31 unclear or problems in installation. We are also very interested in functions
32 which don't work the way you think they do!
34 # The directory structure
36 The BioPerl directory structure is organized as follows:
38 * **`Bio/`** - BioPerl modules
40 * **`doc/`** - Documentation utilities
42 * **`examples/`** - Scripts demonstrating the many uses of BioPerl
44 * **`ide/`** - files for developing BioPerl using an IDE
46 * **`maintenance/`** - BioPerl housekeeping scripts
48 * **`models/`** - DIA drawing program generated OO UML for BioPerl classes
49 (these are quite out-of-date)
51 * **`scripts/`** - Useful production-quality scripts with POD documentation
53 * **`t/`** - Perl built-in tests, tests are divided into subdirectories
54 based on the specific classes being tested
56 * **`t/data/`** - Data files used for the tests, provides good example data
60 For documentation on BioPerl see the **HOWTO** documents and tutorials online at
63 Useful documentation in the form of example code can also be found in the
64 **`examples/`** and **`scripts/`** directories. The current collection includes
65 scripts that run BLAST, index flat files, parse PDB structure files, make
66 primers, retrieve ESTs based on tissue, align protein to nucleotide sequence,
67 run GENSCAN on multiple sequences, and much more! See `bioscripts.pod` for a
70 Individual `*.pm` modules have their own embedded POD documentation as well. A
71 complete set of hyperlinked POD, or module, documentation is available at
72 http://www.bioperl.org/.
74 Remember that '`perldoc`' is your friend. You can use it to read any file
75 containing POD formatted documentation without needing any type of translator
76 (e.g. '`perldoc Bio::SeqIO`').
78 If you used the Build.PL installation, and depending on your platform, you may
79 have documentation installed as man pages, which can be accessed in the usual
84 BioPerl releases are always available from the website at
85 http://www.bioperl.org/DIST or in CPAN. The latest code can be found at
86 https://github.com/bioperl.
88 * BioPerl currently uses a sematic numbering scheme to indicate stable release
89 series vs. development release series. A release number is a three digit
91 * The *first digit indicates the major release*, the idea being that all the
92 API calls in a major release are reasonably consistent.
93 * The *second number is the release series*. This is probably the most
94 important number, and represents added functionality that is
96 * The *third number is the point or patch release* and represents mainly bug
97 fixes or additional code that doesn't add significant functionality to the
100 * From the **1.0 release until the 1.6 release**, even numbers (`1.0`, `1.2`, etc)
101 indicated stable releases. Stable releases were well tested and recommended
102 for most uses. Odd numbers (`1.1`, `1.3`, etc) were development releases which one
103 would only use if one were interested in the latest and greatest features. The
104 final number (e.g. `1.2.0`, `1.2.1`) is the bug fix release. The higher the number
105 the more bug fixes has been incorporated. In theory you can upgrade from one
106 bug fix release to the next with no changes to your own code (for production
107 cases, obviously check things out carefully before you switch over).
109 * The upcoming **1.7 release** will be the last release series to utilize the
110 alternating 'stable'/'developer' convention. Starting immediately after the
111 final 1.6 branch, we will start splitting BioPerl into several smaller
112 easier-to-manage distributions. These will have independent versions, all
113 likely starting with v1.7.0. **We do not anticipate major API changes in the
114 1.7.x release series*, merely that the code will be restructured in a way to
115 make maintenance more feasible. We anticipate retaining semantic versioning
116 until the **v2.x** release.
118 # Caveats and warnings
120 When you run the tests ("`./Build test`") some tests may issue warnings messages
121 or even fail. Sometimes this is because we didn't have anyone to test the test
122 system on the combination of your operating system, version of perl, and
123 associated libraries and other modules. Because BioPerl depends on several
124 outside libraries we may not be able to test every single combination so if
125 there are warnings you may find that the package is still perfectly useful.
127 If you install the bioperl-run system and run tests when you don't have the
128 program installed you'll get messages like '`program XXX not found, skipping
129 tests`'. That's okay, BioPerl is doing what it is supposed to do. If you wanted
130 to run the program you'd need to install it first.
132 Not all scripts in the `examples/` directory are correct and up-to-date. We need
133 volunteers to help maintain these so if you find they do not submit a bug report
134 to https://github.com/bioperl/bioperl-live/issues and consider helping out in
137 If you are confused about what modules are appropriate when you try and solve a
138 particular issue in bioinformatics we urge you to look at HOWTO documents first.
140 # A simple module summary
142 Here is a quick summary of many of the useful modules and how the toolkit is
145 All modules are in the **`Bio/`** namespace,
147 * **`Perl`** is for *new users*, and gives a functional interface to the main
148 parts of the package.
150 * **`Seq`** is for *Sequences* (protein and DNA).
151 * `Bio::PrimarySeq` is a plain sequence (sequence data + identifiers)
152 * `Bio::Seq` is a fancier `PrimarySeq`, in that it has annotation (via
153 `Bio::Annotation::Collection`) and sequence features (via `Bio::SeqFeatureI` objects, attached via
154 `Bio::FeatureHolderI`).
155 * `Bio::Seq::RichSeq` is all of the above, plus it has slots for extra information specific to GenBank/EMBL/SwissProt files.
156 * `Bio::Seq::LargeSeq` is for sequences which are too big for
159 * **`SeqIO`** is for *reading and writing Sequences*. It is a front end module
160 for separate driver modules supporting the different sequence formats
162 * **`SeqFeature`** represent *start/stop/strand-based localized annotations (features) of sequences*
163 * **`Bio::SeqFeature::Generic`** is basic catchall
164 * **`Bio::SeqFeature::Similarity`** a similarity sequence feature
165 * **`Bio::SeqFeature::FeaturePair`** a sequence feature which is pairwise
166 such as query/hit pairs
168 * **`SearchIO`** is for *reading and writing pairwise alignment reports*, like
171 * **`Search`** is where the *alignment objects for `SearchIO` are defined*
172 * **`Bio::Search::Result::GenericResult`** is the result object (a blast
173 query is a `Result` object)
174 * **`Bio::Search::Hit::GenericHit`** is the `Hit` object (a query will have
175 0 to many hits in a database)
176 * **`Bio::Search::HSP::GenericHSP`** is the High-scoring Segment Pair
177 object defining the alignment(s) of the query and hit.
179 * **`SimpleAlign`** is for *multiple sequence alignments*
181 * **`AlignIO`** is for *reading and writing multiple sequence alignment
184 * **`Assembly`** provides the start of an *infrastructure for assemblies* and
185 **`Assembly::IO`** *IO converters* for them
187 * **`DB`** is the namespace for *all the database query classes*
188 * **`Bio::DB::GenBank/GenPept`** are two modules which query NCBI entrez for
190 * **`Bio::DB::SwissProt/EMBL`** query various EMBL and SwissProt
191 repositories for a sequences
192 * **`Bio::DB::GFF`** is Lincoln Stein's fast, lightweight feature and
193 sequence database which is the backend to his GBrowse system (see
195 * **`Bio::DB::Flat`** is a fast implementation of the OBDA flat-file
196 indexing system (cross-language and cross-platform supported by O|B|F
197 projects see http://obda.open-bio.org).
198 * **`Bio::DB::BioFetch/DBFetch`** for OBDA, Web (HTTP) access to remote
200 * **`Bio::DB::InMemoryCache/FileCache`** (fast local caching of sequences
201 from remote dbs to speed up your access).
202 * **`Bio::DB::Registry`** interface to the OBDA specification for remote
204 * **`Bio::DB::Biblio`** for access to remote bibliographic databases.
205 * **`Bio::DB::EUtilities`** is the initial set of modules used for generic
206 queried using NCBI's eUtils.
208 * **`Annotation`** collection of *annotation objects* (comments, DBlinks,
209 References, and misc key/value pairs)
211 * **`Coordinate`** is a system for *mapping between different coordinate systems*
212 such as DNA to protein or between assemblies
214 * **`Index`** is for *locally indexed flatfiles* with BerkeleyDB
216 * **`Tools`** contains many *miscellaneous parsers and functions* for different
218 * Gene prediction parser (Genscan, MZEF, Grail, Genemark)
219 * Annotation format (GFF)
220 * Enumerate codon tables and valid sequences symbols (CodonTable,
222 * Phylogenetic program parsing (PAML, Molphy, Phylip)
224 * **`Map`** represents *genetic and physical map representations*
226 * **`Structure`** - parse and represent *protein structure data*
228 * **`TreeIO`** is for reading and writing *Tree formats*
230 * **`Tree`** is the namespace for **all associated Tree classes**
231 * **`Bio::Tree::Tree`** is the basic tree object
232 * **`Bio::Tree::Node`** are the nodes which make up the tree
233 * **`Bio::Tree::Statistics`** is for computing statistics for a tree
234 * **`Bio::Tree::TreeFunctionsI`** is where specific tree functions are
235 implemented (like `is_monophyletic` and `lca`)
237 * **`Bio::Biblio`** is where *bibliographic data and database access objects*
240 * **`Variation`** represent *sequences with mutations and variations* applied so
241 one can compare and represent wild-type and mutation versions of a sequence.
243 * **`Root`**, basic objects for the *internals of BioPerl*
245 # Upgrading from an older version
247 If you have a previously installed version of BioPerl on your system some of
248 these notes may help you.
250 * Some modules have been removed because they have been superceded by new
251 development efforts. They are documented in the **`DEPRECATED`** file that is
252 included in the release.
254 * Some methods, or the Application Programming Interface (API), have changed or
255 been removed. You may find that scripts which worked with BioPerl 1.4 may give
256 you warnings or may not work at all (although we have tried very hard to
257 minimize this!). Send an email to the list and we'll be happy to give you