1 @c Copyright 1997, 2002, 2003, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2 @c This is part of the GAS manual.
3 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
6 @chapter v850 Dependent Features
10 * V850 Options:: Options
11 * V850 Syntax:: Syntax
12 * V850 Floating Point:: Floating Point
13 * V850 Directives:: V850 Machine Directives
14 * V850 Opcodes:: Opcodes
19 @cindex V850 options (none)
20 @cindex options for V850 (none)
21 @code{@value{AS}} supports the following additional command-line options
22 for the V850 processor family:
24 @cindex command line options, V850
25 @cindex V850 command line options
28 @cindex @code{-wsigned_overflow} command line option, V850
29 @item -wsigned_overflow
30 Causes warnings to be produced when signed immediate values overflow the
31 space available for then within their opcodes. By default this option
32 is disabled as it is possible to receive spurious warnings due to using
33 exact bit patterns as immediate constants.
35 @cindex @code{-wunsigned_overflow} command line option, V850
36 @item -wunsigned_overflow
37 Causes warnings to be produced when unsigned immediate values overflow
38 the space available for then within their opcodes. By default this
39 option is disabled as it is possible to receive spurious warnings due to
40 using exact bit patterns as immediate constants.
42 @cindex @code{-mv850} command line option, V850
44 Specifies that the assembled code should be marked as being targeted at
45 the V850 processor. This allows the linker to detect attempts to link
46 such code with code assembled for other processors.
48 @cindex @code{-mv850e} command line option, V850
50 Specifies that the assembled code should be marked as being targeted at
51 the V850E processor. This allows the linker to detect attempts to link
52 such code with code assembled for other processors.
54 @cindex @code{-mv850e1} command line option, V850
56 Specifies that the assembled code should be marked as being targeted at
57 the V850E1 processor. This allows the linker to detect attempts to link
58 such code with code assembled for other processors.
60 @cindex @code{-mv850any} command line option, V850
62 Specifies that the assembled code should be marked as being targeted at
63 the V850 processor but support instructions that are specific to the
64 extended variants of the process. This allows the production of
65 binaries that contain target specific code, but which are also intended
66 to be used in a generic fashion. For example libgcc.a contains generic
67 routines used by the code produced by GCC for all versions of the v850
68 architecture, together with support routines only used by the V850E
71 @cindex @code{-mrelax} command line option, V850
73 Enables relaxation. This allows the .longcall and .longjump pseudo
74 ops to be used in the assembler source code. These ops label sections
75 of code which are either a long function call or a long branch. The
76 assembler will then flag these sections of code and the linker will
77 attempt to relax them.
85 * V850-Chars:: Special Characters
86 * V850-Regs:: Register Names
90 @subsection Special Characters
92 @cindex line comment character, V850
93 @cindex V850 line comment character
94 @samp{#} is the line comment character.
96 @subsection Register Names
98 @cindex V850 register names
99 @cindex register names, V850
100 @code{@value{AS}} supports the following names for registers:
102 @cindex @code{zero} register, V850
103 @item general register 0
105 @item general register 1
107 @item general register 2
109 @cindex @code{sp} register, V850
110 @item general register 3
112 @cindex @code{gp} register, V850
113 @item general register 4
115 @cindex @code{tp} register, V850
116 @item general register 5
118 @item general register 6
120 @item general register 7
122 @item general register 8
124 @item general register 9
126 @item general register 10
128 @item general register 11
130 @item general register 12
132 @item general register 13
134 @item general register 14
136 @item general register 15
138 @item general register 16
140 @item general register 17
142 @item general register 18
144 @item general register 19
146 @item general register 20
148 @item general register 21
150 @item general register 22
152 @item general register 23
154 @item general register 24
156 @item general register 25
158 @item general register 26
160 @item general register 27
162 @item general register 28
164 @item general register 29
166 @cindex @code{ep} register, V850
167 @item general register 30
169 @cindex @code{lp} register, V850
170 @item general register 31
172 @cindex @code{eipc} register, V850
173 @item system register 0
175 @cindex @code{eipsw} register, V850
176 @item system register 1
178 @cindex @code{fepc} register, V850
179 @item system register 2
181 @cindex @code{fepsw} register, V850
182 @item system register 3
184 @cindex @code{ecr} register, V850
185 @item system register 4
187 @cindex @code{psw} register, V850
188 @item system register 5
190 @cindex @code{ctpc} register, V850
191 @item system register 16
193 @cindex @code{ctpsw} register, V850
194 @item system register 17
196 @cindex @code{dbpc} register, V850
197 @item system register 18
199 @cindex @code{dbpsw} register, V850
200 @item system register 19
202 @cindex @code{ctbp} register, V850
203 @item system register 20
207 @node V850 Floating Point
208 @section Floating Point
210 @cindex floating point, V850 (@sc{ieee})
211 @cindex V850 floating point (@sc{ieee})
212 The V850 family uses @sc{ieee} floating-point numbers.
214 @node V850 Directives
215 @section V850 Machine Directives
217 @cindex machine directives, V850
218 @cindex V850 machine directives
220 @cindex @code{offset} directive, V850
221 @item .offset @var{<expression>}
222 Moves the offset into the current section to the specified amount.
224 @cindex @code{section} directive, V850
225 @item .section "name", <type>
226 This is an extension to the standard .section directive. It sets the
227 current section to be <type> and creates an alias for this section
230 @cindex @code{.v850} directive, V850
232 Specifies that the assembled code should be marked as being targeted at
233 the V850 processor. This allows the linker to detect attempts to link
234 such code with code assembled for other processors.
236 @cindex @code{.v850e} directive, V850
238 Specifies that the assembled code should be marked as being targeted at
239 the V850E processor. This allows the linker to detect attempts to link
240 such code with code assembled for other processors.
242 @cindex @code{.v850e1} directive, V850
244 Specifies that the assembled code should be marked as being targeted at
245 the V850E1 processor. This allows the linker to detect attempts to link
246 such code with code assembled for other processors.
254 @cindex opcodes for V850
255 @code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard V850 opcodes.
257 @code{@value{AS}} also implements the following pseudo ops:
261 @cindex @code{hi0} pseudo-op, V850
263 Computes the higher 16 bits of the given expression and stores it into
264 the immediate operand field of the given instruction. For example:
266 @samp{mulhi hi0(here - there), r5, r6}
268 computes the difference between the address of labels 'here' and
269 'there', takes the upper 16 bits of this difference, shifts it down 16
270 bits and then multiplies it by the lower 16 bits in register 5, putting
271 the result into register 6.
273 @cindex @code{lo} pseudo-op, V850
275 Computes the lower 16 bits of the given expression and stores it into
276 the immediate operand field of the given instruction. For example:
278 @samp{addi lo(here - there), r5, r6}
280 computes the difference between the address of labels 'here' and
281 'there', takes the lower 16 bits of this difference and adds it to
282 register 5, putting the result into register 6.
284 @cindex @code{hi} pseudo-op, V850
286 Computes the higher 16 bits of the given expression and then adds the
287 value of the most significant bit of the lower 16 bits of the expression
288 and stores the result into the immediate operand field of the given
289 instruction. For example the following code can be used to compute the
290 address of the label 'here' and store it into register 6:
292 @samp{movhi hi(here), r0, r6}
293 @samp{movea lo(here), r6, r6}
295 The reason for this special behaviour is that movea performs a sign
296 extension on its immediate operand. So for example if the address of
297 'here' was 0xFFFFFFFF then without the special behaviour of the hi()
298 pseudo-op the movhi instruction would put 0xFFFF0000 into r6, then the
299 movea instruction would takes its immediate operand, 0xFFFF, sign extend
300 it to 32 bits, 0xFFFFFFFF, and then add it into r6 giving 0xFFFEFFFF
301 which is wrong (the fifth nibble is E). With the hi() pseudo op adding
302 in the top bit of the lo() pseudo op, the movhi instruction actually
303 stores 0 into r6 (0xFFFF + 1 = 0x0000), so that the movea instruction
304 stores 0xFFFFFFFF into r6 - the right value.
306 @cindex @code{hilo} pseudo-op, V850
308 Computes the 32 bit value of the given expression and stores it into
309 the immediate operand field of the given instruction (which must be a
310 mov instruction). For example:
312 @samp{mov hilo(here), r6}
314 computes the absolute address of label 'here' and puts the result into
317 @cindex @code{sdaoff} pseudo-op, V850
319 Computes the offset of the named variable from the start of the Small
320 Data Area (whoes address is held in register 4, the GP register) and
321 stores the result as a 16 bit signed value in the immediate operand
322 field of the given instruction. For example:
324 @samp{ld.w sdaoff(_a_variable)[gp],r6}
326 loads the contents of the location pointed to by the label '_a_variable'
327 into register 6, provided that the label is located somewhere within +/-
328 32K of the address held in the GP register. [Note the linker assumes
329 that the GP register contains a fixed address set to the address of the
330 label called '__gp'. This can either be set up automatically by the
331 linker, or specifically set by using the @samp{--defsym __gp=<value>}
332 command line option].
334 @cindex @code{tdaoff} pseudo-op, V850
336 Computes the offset of the named variable from the start of the Tiny
337 Data Area (whoes address is held in register 30, the EP register) and
338 stores the result as a 4,5, 7 or 8 bit unsigned value in the immediate
339 operand field of the given instruction. For example:
341 @samp{sld.w tdaoff(_a_variable)[ep],r6}
343 loads the contents of the location pointed to by the label '_a_variable'
344 into register 6, provided that the label is located somewhere within +256
345 bytes of the address held in the EP register. [Note the linker assumes
346 that the EP register contains a fixed address set to the address of the
347 label called '__ep'. This can either be set up automatically by the
348 linker, or specifically set by using the @samp{--defsym __ep=<value>}
349 command line option].
351 @cindex @code{zdaoff} pseudo-op, V850
353 Computes the offset of the named variable from address 0 and stores the
354 result as a 16 bit signed value in the immediate operand field of the
355 given instruction. For example:
357 @samp{movea zdaoff(_a_variable),zero,r6}
359 puts the address of the label '_a_variable' into register 6, assuming
360 that the label is somewhere within the first 32K of memory. (Strictly
361 speaking it also possible to access the last 32K of memory as well, as
362 the offsets are signed).
364 @cindex @code{ctoff} pseudo-op, V850
366 Computes the offset of the named variable from the start of the Call
367 Table Area (whoes address is helg in system register 20, the CTBP
368 register) and stores the result a 6 or 16 bit unsigned value in the
369 immediate field of then given instruction or piece of data. For
372 @samp{callt ctoff(table_func1)}
374 will put the call the function whoes address is held in the call table
375 at the location labeled 'table_func1'.
377 @cindex @code{longcall} pseudo-op, V850
378 @item .longcall @code{name}
379 Indicates that the following sequence of instructions is a long call
380 to function @code{name}. The linker will attempt to shorten this call
381 sequence if @code{name} is within a 22bit offset of the call. Only
382 valid if the @code{-mrelax} command line switch has been enabled.
384 @cindex @code{longjump} pseudo-op, V850
385 @item .longjump @code{name}
386 Indicates that the following sequence of instructions is a long jump
387 to label @code{name}. The linker will attempt to shorten this code
388 sequence if @code{name} is within a 22bit offset of the jump. Only
389 valid if the @code{-mrelax} command line switch has been enabled.
394 For information on the V850 instruction set, see @cite{V850
395 Family 32-/16-Bit single-Chip Microcontroller Architecture Manual} from NEC.