3 A number of things have changed since version 1 and the wonderful
4 world of gas looks very different. There's still a lot of irrelevant
5 garbage lying around that will be cleaned up in time. Documentation
6 is scarce, as are logs of the changes made since the last gas release.
7 My apologies, and I'll try to get something useful.
9 Unpacking and Installation - Summary
10 ====================================
12 See ../binutils/README.
14 To build just the assembler, make the target all-gas.
19 The GAS release includes texinfo source for its manual, which can be processed
20 into `info' or `dvi' forms.
22 The DVI form is suitable for printing or displaying; the commands for doing
23 this vary from system to system. On many systems, `lpr -d' will print a DVI
24 file. On others, you may need to run a program such as `dvips' to convert the
25 DVI file into a form your system can print.
27 If you wish to build the DVI file, you will need to have TeX installed on your
28 system. You can rebuild it by typing:
33 The Info form is viewable with the GNU Emacs `info' subsystem, or the
34 stand-alone `info' program, available as part of the GNU Texinfo distribution.
35 To build the info files, you will need the `makeinfo' program. Type:
40 Specifying names for hosts and targets
41 ======================================
43 The specifications used for hosts and targets in the `configure'
44 script are based on a three-part naming scheme, but some short
45 predefined aliases are also supported. The full naming scheme encodes
46 three pieces of information in the following pattern:
48 ARCHITECTURE-VENDOR-OS
50 For example, you can use the alias `sun4' as a HOST argument or in a
51 `--target=TARGET' option. The equivalent full name is
54 The `configure' script accompanying GAS does not provide any query
55 facility to list all supported host and target names or aliases.
56 `configure' calls the Bourne shell script `config.sub' to map
57 abbreviations to full names; you can read the script, if you wish, or
58 you can use it to test your guesses on abbreviations--for example:
64 % sh config.sub decstation
66 % sh config.sub hp300bsd
71 Invalid configuration `i786v': machine `i786v' not recognized
77 Here is a summary of the `configure' options and arguments that are
78 most often useful for building GAS. `configure' also has several other
79 options not listed here.
89 You may introduce options with a single `-' rather than `--' if you
90 prefer; but you may abbreviate option names if you use `--'.
93 Print a summary of the options to `configure', and exit.
96 Configure the source to install programs and files under directory
100 Look for the package's source code in directory DIR. Usually
101 `configure' can determine that directory automatically.
104 Configure GAS to run on the specified HOST. Normally the
105 configure script can figure this out automatically.
107 There is no convenient way to generate a list of all available
111 Configure GAS for cross-assembling programs for the specified
112 TARGET. Without this option, GAS is configured to assemble .o files
113 that run on the same machine (HOST) as GAS itself.
115 There is no convenient way to generate a list of all available
119 These flags tell the program or library being configured to
120 configure itself differently from the default for the specified
121 host/target combination. See below for a list of `--enable'
122 options recognized in the gas distribution.
124 `configure' accepts other options, for compatibility with configuring
125 other GNU tools recursively; but these are the only options that affect
126 GAS or its supporting libraries.
128 The `--enable' options recognized by software in the gas distribution are:
130 `--enable-targets=...'
131 This causes one or more specified configurations to be added to those for
132 which BFD support is compiled. Currently gas cannot use any format other
133 than its compiled-in default, so this option is not very useful.
135 `--enable-bfd-assembler'
136 This causes the assembler to use the new code being merged into it to use
137 BFD data structures internally, and use BFD for writing object files.
138 For most targets, this isn't supported yet. For most targets where it has
139 been done, it's already the default. So generally you won't need to use
145 At this point I believe gas to be ANSI only code for most target cpu's. That
146 is, there should be relatively few, if any host system dependencies. So
147 porting (as a cross-assembler) to hosts not yet supported should be fairly
148 easy. Porting to a new target shouldn't be too tough if it's a variant of one
151 Native assembling should work on:
157 delta (m68k-sysv from Motorola)
158 delta88 (m88k-sysv from Motorola)
160 m68k hpux 8.0 (hpux 7.0 may be a problem)
166 miniframe (m68k-sysv from Convergent Technologies)
168 hppa (hpux 4.3bsd, osf1)
172 sco openserver 5.0 (a.k.a. 3.2v5.0 )
174 ns32k (netbsd, lites)
176 I believe that gas as a cross-assembler can currently be targeted for
177 most of the above hosts, plus
180 decstation-bsd (a.out format, to be used in BSD 4.4)
182 go32 (DOS on i386, with DJGPP -- old a.out version)
183 h8/300, h8/500 (Hitachi)
186 mips ecoff (decstation-ultrix, iris, mips magnum, mips-idt-ecoff)
187 Mitsubishi d10v and d30v
199 MIPS ECOFF support has been added, but GAS will not run a C-style
200 preprocessor. If you want that, rename your file to have a ".S" suffix, and
201 run gcc on it. Or run "gcc -xassembler-with-cpp foo.s".
203 Support for ELF should work now for sparc, hppa, i386, alpha, m68k,
206 Support for sequent (ns32k), tahoe, i860 may be suffering from bitrot.
208 If you try out gas on some host or target not listed above, please let me know
209 the results, so I can update the list.
211 Compiler Support Hacks
212 ======================
214 On a few targets, the assembler has been modified to support a feature
215 that is potentially useful when assembling compiler output, but which
216 may confuse assembly language programmers. If assembler encounters a
217 .word pseudo-op of the form symbol1-symbol2 (the difference of two
218 symbols), and the difference of those two symbols will not fit in 16
219 bits, the assembler will create a branch around a long jump to
220 symbol1, and insert this into the output directly before the next
221 label: The .word will (instead of containing garbage, or giving an
222 error message) contain (the address of the long jump)-symbol2. This
223 allows the assembler to assemble jump tables that jump to locations
224 very far away into code that works properly. If the next label is
225 more than 32K away from the .word, you lose (silently); RMS claims
226 this will never happen. If the -K option is given, you will get a
227 warning message when this happens.
230 REPORTING BUGS IN GAS
231 =====================
233 Bugs in gas should be reported to:
235 bug-gnu-utils@gnu.org.
237 They may be cross-posted to gcc-bugs@gnu.org if they affect the use of
238 gas with gcc. They should not be reported just to gcc-bugs, since not
239 all of the maintainers read that list.
241 If you report a bug in GAS, please remember to include:
243 A description of exactly what went wrong, and exactly what should have
246 The type of machine (VAX, 68020, etc) and operating system (BSD, SunOS, DYNIX,
247 VMS, etc) GAS was running on.
249 The configuration name(s) given to the "configure" script. The
250 "config.status" file should have this information.
252 The options given to GAS at run time.
254 The actual input file that caused the problem.
256 It is silly to report a bug in GAS without including an input file for GAS.
257 Don't ask us to generate the file just because you made it from files you
258 think we have access to.
260 1. You might be mistaken.
261 2. It might take us a lot of time to install things to regenerate that file.
262 3. We might get a different file from the one you got, and might not see any
265 To save us these delays and uncertainties, always send the input file for the
266 program that failed. A smaller test case that demonstrates the problem is of
267 course preferable, but be sure it is a complete input file, and that it really
268 does demonstrate the problem; but if paring it down would cause large delays
269 in filing the bug report, don't bother.
271 If the input file is very large, and you are on the internet, you may want to
272 make it available for anonymous FTP instead of mailing it. If you do, include
273 instructions for FTP'ing it in your bug report.
275 If you expect to be contributing a large number of test cases, it would be
276 helpful if you would look at the test suite included in the release (based on
277 the Deja Gnu testing framework, available from the usual ftp sites) and write
278 test cases to fit into that framework. This is certainly not required.