2 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 @c This is part of the GAS manual.
4 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
9 @chapter AVR Dependent Features
13 @node Machine Dependencies
14 @chapter AVR Dependent Features
19 * AVR Options:: Options
21 * AVR Opcodes:: Opcodes
26 @cindex AVR options (none)
27 @cindex options for AVR (none)
31 @cindex @code{-mmcu=} command line option, AVR
33 Specify ATMEL AVR instruction set or MCU type.
35 Instruction set avr1 is for the minimal AVR core, not supported by the C
36 compiler, only for assembler programs (MCU types: at90s1200,
37 attiny11, attiny12, attiny15, attiny28).
39 Instruction set avr2 (default) is for the classic AVR core with up to
40 8K program memory space (MCU types: at90s2313, at90s2323, at90s2333, at90s2343,
41 attiny22, attiny26, at90s4414, at90s4433, at90s4434, at90s8515, at90c8534,
44 Instruction set avr25 is for the classic AVR core with up to 8K program memory
45 space plus the MOVW instruction (MCU types: attiny13, attiny13a, attiny2313,
46 attiny24, attiny44, attiny84, attiny25, attiny45, attiny85, attiny261,
47 attiny461, attiny861, attiny87, attiny43u, attiny48, attiny88, at86rf401,
50 Instruction set avr3 is for the classic AVR core with up to 128K program
51 memory space (MCU types: at43usb355, at76c711).
53 Instruction set avr31 is for the classic AVR core with exactly 128K program
54 memory space (MCU types: atmega103, at43usb320).
56 Instruction set avr35 is for classic AVR core plus MOVW, CALL, and JMP
57 instructions (MCU types: attiny167, attiny327, at90usb82, at90usb162).
59 Instruction set avr4 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 8K program
60 memory space (MCU types: atmega48, atmega48p,atmega8, atmega88, atmega88p,
61 atmega8515, atmega8535, atmega8hva, atmega4hvd, atmega8hvd, at90pwm1,
62 at90pwm2, at90pwm2b, at90pwm3, at90pwm3b, at90pwm81).
64 Instruction set avr5 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 128K program
65 memory space (MCU types: atmega16, atmega161, atmega162, atmega163, atmega164p,
66 atmega165, atmega165p, atmega168, atmega168p, atmega169, atmega169p, atmega32,
67 atmega323, atmega324p, atmega325, atmega325p, atmega3250, atmega3250p,
68 atmega328p, atmega329, atmega329p, atmega3290, atmega3290p, atmega406, atmega64,
69 atmega640, atmega644, atmega644p, atmega645, atmega6450, atmega649, atmega6490,
70 atmega16hva, atmega16hvb, atmega32hvb, at90can32, at90can64, at90pwm216,
71 at90pwm316, atmega32c1, atmega64c1, atmega16m1, atmega32m1, atmega64m1,
72 atmega16u4, atmega32u4, atmega32u6, at90usb646, at90usb647, at94k, at90scr100).
74 Instruction set avr51 is for the enhanced AVR core with exactly 128K program
75 memory space (MCU types: atmega128, atmega1280, atmega1281, atmega1284p,
76 atmega128rfa1, at90can128, at90usb1286, at90usb1287, m3000f, m3000s, m3001b).
78 Instruction set avr6 is for the enhanced AVR core with a 3-byte PC (MCU types:
79 atmega2560, atmega2561).
81 @cindex @code{-mall-opcodes} command line option, AVR
83 Accept all AVR opcodes, even if not supported by @code{-mmcu}.
85 @cindex @code{-mno-skip-bug} command line option, AVR
87 This option disable warnings for skipping two-word instructions.
89 @cindex @code{-mno-wrap} command line option, AVR
91 This option reject @code{rjmp/rcall} instructions with 8K wrap-around.
99 * AVR-Chars:: Special Characters
100 * AVR-Regs:: Register Names
101 * AVR-Modifiers:: Relocatable Expression Modifiers
105 @subsection Special Characters
107 @cindex line comment character, AVR
108 @cindex AVR line comment character
110 The presence of a @samp{;} on a line indicates the start of a comment
111 that extends to the end of the current line. If a @samp{#} appears as
112 the first character of a line, the whole line is treated as a comment.
114 @cindex line separator, AVR
115 @cindex statement separator, AVR
116 @cindex AVR line separator
118 The @samp{$} character can be used instead of a newline to separate
122 @subsection Register Names
124 @cindex AVR register names
125 @cindex register names, AVR
127 The AVR has 32 x 8-bit general purpose working registers @samp{r0},
128 @samp{r1}, ... @samp{r31}.
129 Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address
130 register pointers for Data Space addressing. One of the these address
131 pointers can also be used as an address pointer for look up tables in
132 Flash program memory. These added function registers are the 16-bit
133 @samp{X}, @samp{Y} and @samp{Z} - registers.
142 @subsection Relocatable Expression Modifiers
144 @cindex AVR modifiers
147 The assembler supports several modifiers when using relocatable addresses
148 in AVR instruction operands. The general syntax is the following:
151 modifier(relocatable-expression)
155 @cindex symbol modifiers
159 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
160 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
164 This modifier allows you to use bits 7 through 15 of an address expression
165 as 8 bit relocatable expression. This is useful with, for example, the
166 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8} modifier.
177 This modifier allows you to use bits 16 through 23 of
178 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
179 Also, can be useful for loading 32 bit constants.
183 Synonym of @samp{hh8}.
187 This modifier allows you to use bits 24 through 31 of
188 an expression as 8 bit expression. This is useful with, for example, the
189 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8}, @samp{hi8}, @samp{hlo8},
190 @samp{hhi8}, modifier.
195 ldi r26, lo8(285774925)
196 ldi r27, hi8(285774925)
197 ldi r28, hlo8(285774925)
198 ldi r29, hhi8(285774925)
199 ; r29,r28,r27,r26 = 285774925
204 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
205 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
206 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
207 Flash/Program memory. The using of @samp{pm_lo8} similar
212 This modifier allows you to use bits 8 through 15 of
213 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
214 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
215 Flash/Program memory.
219 This modifier allows you to use bits 15 through 23 of
220 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
221 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
222 Flash/Program memory.
229 @cindex AVR opcode summary
230 @cindex opcode summary, AVR
231 @cindex mnemonics, AVR
232 @cindex instruction summary, AVR
233 For detailed information on the AVR machine instruction set, see
234 @url{www.atmel.com/products/AVR}.
236 @code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard AVR opcodes.
237 The following table summarizes the AVR opcodes, and their arguments.
242 d @r{`ldi' register (r16-r31)}
243 v @r{`movw' even register (r0, r2, ..., r28, r30)}
244 a @r{`fmul' register (r16-r23)}
245 w @r{`adiw' register (r24,r26,r28,r30)}
246 e @r{pointer registers (X,Y,Z)}
247 b @r{base pointer register and displacement ([YZ]+disp)}
248 z @r{Z pointer register (for [e]lpm Rd,Z[+])}
249 M @r{immediate value from 0 to 255}
250 n @r{immediate value from 0 to 255 ( n = ~M ). Relocation impossible}
251 s @r{immediate value from 0 to 7}
252 P @r{Port address value from 0 to 63. (in, out)}
253 p @r{Port address value from 0 to 31. (cbi, sbi, sbic, sbis)}
254 K @r{immediate value from 0 to 63 (used in `adiw', `sbiw')}
255 i @r{immediate value}
256 l @r{signed pc relative offset from -64 to 63}
257 L @r{signed pc relative offset from -2048 to 2047}
258 h @r{absolute code address (call, jmp)}
259 S @r{immediate value from 0 to 7 (S = s << 4)}
260 ? @r{use this opcode entry if no parameters, else use next opcode entry}
278 100101001SSS1000 bclr S
279 100101000SSS1000 bset S
280 1001010100001001 icall
281 1001010000001001 ijmp
282 1001010111001000 lpm ?
283 1001000ddddd010+ lpm r,z
284 1001010111011000 elpm ?
285 1001000ddddd011+ elpm r,z
288 1001010100011000 reti
289 1001010110001000 sleep
290 1001010110011000 break
293 000111rdddddrrrr adc r,r
294 000011rdddddrrrr add r,r
295 001000rdddddrrrr and r,r
296 000101rdddddrrrr cp r,r
297 000001rdddddrrrr cpc r,r
298 000100rdddddrrrr cpse r,r
299 001001rdddddrrrr eor r,r
300 001011rdddddrrrr mov r,r
301 100111rdddddrrrr mul r,r
302 001010rdddddrrrr or r,r
303 000010rdddddrrrr sbc r,r
304 000110rdddddrrrr sub r,r
305 001001rdddddrrrr clr r
306 000011rdddddrrrr lsl r
307 000111rdddddrrrr rol r
308 001000rdddddrrrr tst r
309 0111KKKKddddKKKK andi d,M
310 0111KKKKddddKKKK cbr d,n
311 1110KKKKddddKKKK ldi d,M
312 11101111dddd1111 ser d
313 0110KKKKddddKKKK ori d,M
314 0110KKKKddddKKKK sbr d,M
315 0011KKKKddddKKKK cpi d,M
316 0100KKKKddddKKKK sbci d,M
317 0101KKKKddddKKKK subi d,M
318 1111110rrrrr0sss sbrc r,s
319 1111111rrrrr0sss sbrs r,s
320 1111100ddddd0sss bld r,s
321 1111101ddddd0sss bst r,s
322 10110PPdddddPPPP in r,P
323 10111PPrrrrrPPPP out P,r
324 10010110KKddKKKK adiw w,K
325 10010111KKddKKKK sbiw w,K
326 10011000pppppsss cbi p,s
327 10011010pppppsss sbi p,s
328 10011001pppppsss sbic p,s
329 10011011pppppsss sbis p,s
330 111101lllllll000 brcc l
331 111100lllllll000 brcs l
332 111100lllllll001 breq l
333 111101lllllll100 brge l
334 111101lllllll101 brhc l
335 111100lllllll101 brhs l
336 111101lllllll111 brid l
337 111100lllllll111 brie l
338 111100lllllll000 brlo l
339 111100lllllll100 brlt l
340 111100lllllll010 brmi l
341 111101lllllll001 brne l
342 111101lllllll010 brpl l
343 111101lllllll000 brsh l
344 111101lllllll110 brtc l
345 111100lllllll110 brts l
346 111101lllllll011 brvc l
347 111100lllllll011 brvs l
348 111101lllllllsss brbc s,l
349 111100lllllllsss brbs s,l
350 1101LLLLLLLLLLLL rcall L
351 1100LLLLLLLLLLLL rjmp L
352 1001010hhhhh111h call h
353 1001010hhhhh110h jmp h
354 1001010rrrrr0101 asr r
355 1001010rrrrr0000 com r
356 1001010rrrrr1010 dec r
357 1001010rrrrr0011 inc r
358 1001010rrrrr0110 lsr r
359 1001010rrrrr0001 neg r
360 1001000rrrrr1111 pop r
361 1001001rrrrr1111 push r
362 1001010rrrrr0111 ror r
363 1001010rrrrr0010 swap r
364 00000001ddddrrrr movw v,v
365 00000010ddddrrrr muls d,d
366 000000110ddd0rrr mulsu a,a
367 000000110ddd1rrr fmul a,a
368 000000111ddd0rrr fmuls a,a
369 000000111ddd1rrr fmulsu a,a
370 1001001ddddd0000 sts i,r
371 1001000ddddd0000 lds r,i
372 10o0oo0dddddbooo ldd r,b
373 100!000dddddee-+ ld r,e
374 10o0oo1rrrrrbooo std b,r
375 100!001rrrrree-+ st e,r
376 1001010100011001 eicall
377 1001010000011001 eijmp