1 gold is an ELF linker. It is intended to have complete support for
2 ELF and to run as fast as possible on modern systems. For normal use
3 it is a drop-in replacement for the older GNU linker.
5 gold is part of the GNU binutils. See ../binutils/README for more
6 general notes, including where to send bug reports.
8 gold was originally developed at Google, and was contributed to the
9 Free Software Foundation in March 2008. At Google it was designed by
10 Ian Lance Taylor, with major contributions by Cary Coutant, Craig
11 Silverstein, and Andrew Chatham.
13 The existing GNU linker manual is intended to be accurate
14 documentation for features which gold supports. gold supports most of
15 the features of the GNU linker for ELF targets. Notable
16 omissions--features of the GNU linker not currently supported in
18 * MEMORY regions in linker scripts
19 * MRI compatible linker scripts
20 * cross-reference reports (--cref)
21 * position independent executables (-pie)
22 * various other minor options
28 These are some notes which may be helpful to people working on the
29 source code of gold itself.
31 gold is written in C++. It is a GNU program, and therefore follows
32 the GNU formatting standards as modified for C++. Source documents in
33 order of decreasing precedence:
34 http://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/
35 http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/17_intro/C++STYLE
36 http://www.zembu.com/eng/procs/c++style.html
38 The linker is intended to have complete support for cross-compilation,
39 while still supporting the normal case of native linking as fast as
40 possible. In order to do this, many classes are actually templates
41 whose parameter is the ELF file class (e.g., 32 bits or 64 bits). The
42 C++ code is the same, but we don't pay the execution time cost of
43 always using 64-bit integers if the target is 32 bits. Many of these
44 class templates also have an endianness parameter: true for
45 big-endian, false for little-endian.
47 The linker is multi-threaded. The Task class represents a single unit
48 of work. Task objects are stored on a single Workqueue object. Tasks
49 communicate via Task_token objects. Task_token objects are only
50 manipulated while holding the master Workqueue lock. Relatively few
57 The gold source code uses templates heavily. Building it requires a
58 recent version of g++. g++ 4.0.3 is known to work. g++ 3.2 and g++
59 3.4.3 are known to fail.
61 The linker script parser uses features which are only in newer
62 versions of bison. bison 2.3 is known to work. bison 1.26 is known
63 to fail. If you are building gold from an official binutils release,
64 the bison output should already be included.