1 /* BFD back-end for linux flavored i386 a.out binaries.
2 Copyright (C) 1992, 93, 94, 95, 96, 1997, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This file is part of BFD, the Binary File Descriptor library.
6 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
9 (at your option) any later version.
11 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 GNU General Public License for more details.
16 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
18 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
20 #define TARGET_PAGE_SIZE 4096
21 #define ZMAGIC_DISK_BLOCK_SIZE 1024
22 #define SEGMENT_SIZE TARGET_PAGE_SIZE
23 #define TEXT_START_ADDR 0x0
24 #define N_SHARED_LIB(x) 0
25 #define BYTES_IN_WORD 4
27 #define MACHTYPE_OK(mtype) ((mtype) == M_386 || (mtype) == M_UNKNOWN)
32 #include "aout/aout64.h"
33 #include "aout/stab_gnu.h"
35 #include "libaout.h" /* BFD a.out internal data structures */
37 #define DEFAULT_ARCH bfd_arch_i386
38 #define MY(OP) CAT(i386linux_,OP)
39 #define TARGETNAME "a.out-i386-linux"
41 extern const bfd_target
MY(vec
);
43 /* We always generate QMAGIC files in preference to ZMAGIC files. It
44 would be possible to make this a linker option, if that ever
47 static void MY_final_link_callback
48 PARAMS ((bfd
*, file_ptr
*, file_ptr
*, file_ptr
*));
49 static boolean i386linux_bfd_final_link
50 PARAMS ((bfd
*, struct bfd_link_info
*));
51 static boolean i386linux_write_object_contents
PARAMS ((bfd
*));
54 i386linux_bfd_final_link (abfd
, info
)
56 struct bfd_link_info
*info
;
58 obj_aout_subformat (abfd
) = q_magic_format
;
59 return NAME(aout
,final_link
) (abfd
, info
, MY_final_link_callback
);
62 #define MY_bfd_final_link i386linux_bfd_final_link
64 /* Set the machine type correctly. */
67 i386linux_write_object_contents (abfd
)
70 struct external_exec exec_bytes
;
71 struct internal_exec
*execp
= exec_hdr (abfd
);
73 N_SET_MACHTYPE (*execp
, M_386
);
75 obj_reloc_entry_size (abfd
) = RELOC_STD_SIZE
;
77 WRITE_HEADERS(abfd
, execp
);
82 #define MY_write_object_contents i386linux_write_object_contents
84 /* Code to link against Linux a.out shared libraries. */
86 /* See if a symbol name is a reference to the global offset table. */
88 #ifndef GOT_REF_PREFIX
89 #define GOT_REF_PREFIX "__GOT_"
92 #define IS_GOT_SYM(name) \
93 (strncmp (name, GOT_REF_PREFIX, sizeof GOT_REF_PREFIX - 1) == 0)
95 /* See if a symbol name is a reference to the procedure linkage table. */
97 #ifndef PLT_REF_PREFIX
98 #define PLT_REF_PREFIX "__PLT_"
101 #define IS_PLT_SYM(name) \
102 (strncmp (name, PLT_REF_PREFIX, sizeof PLT_REF_PREFIX - 1) == 0)
104 /* This string is used to generate specialized error messages. */
107 #define NEEDS_SHRLIB "__NEEDS_SHRLIB_"
110 /* This special symbol is a set vector that contains a list of
111 pointers to fixup tables. It will be present in any dynamicly
112 linked file. The linker generated fixup table should also be added
113 to the list, and it should always appear in the second slot (the
114 first one is a dummy with a magic number that is defined in
117 #ifndef SHARABLE_CONFLICTS
118 #define SHARABLE_CONFLICTS "__SHARABLE_CONFLICTS__"
121 /* We keep a list of fixups. The terminology is a bit strange, but
122 each fixup contains two 32 bit numbers. A regular fixup contains
123 an address and a pointer, and at runtime we should store the
124 address at the location pointed to by the pointer. A builtin fixup
125 contains two pointers, and we should read the address using one
126 pointer and store it at the location pointed to by the other
127 pointer. Builtin fixups come into play when we have duplicate
128 __GOT__ symbols for the same variable. The builtin fixup will copy
129 the GOT pointer from one over into the other. */
134 struct linux_link_hash_entry
*h
;
137 /* Nonzero if this is a jump instruction that needs to be fixed,
138 zero if this is just a pointer */
144 /* We don't need a special hash table entry structure, but we do need
145 to keep some information between linker passes, so we use a special
148 struct linux_link_hash_entry
150 struct aout_link_hash_entry root
;
153 struct linux_link_hash_table
155 struct aout_link_hash_table root
;
157 /* First dynamic object found in link. */
160 /* Number of fixups. */
163 /* Number of builtin fixups. */
164 size_t local_builtins
;
166 /* List of fixups. */
167 struct fixup
*fixup_list
;
170 static struct bfd_hash_entry
*linux_link_hash_newfunc
171 PARAMS ((struct bfd_hash_entry
*, struct bfd_hash_table
*, const char *));
172 static struct bfd_link_hash_table
*linux_link_hash_table_create
174 static struct fixup
*new_fixup
175 PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info
*, struct linux_link_hash_entry
*,
177 static boolean linux_link_create_dynamic_sections
178 PARAMS ((bfd
*, struct bfd_link_info
*));
179 static boolean linux_add_one_symbol
180 PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info
*, bfd
*, const char *, flagword
, asection
*,
181 bfd_vma
, const char *, boolean
, boolean
,
182 struct bfd_link_hash_entry
**));
183 static boolean linux_tally_symbols
184 PARAMS ((struct linux_link_hash_entry
*, PTR
));
185 static boolean linux_finish_dynamic_link
186 PARAMS ((bfd
*, struct bfd_link_info
*));
188 /* Routine to create an entry in an Linux link hash table. */
190 static struct bfd_hash_entry
*
191 linux_link_hash_newfunc (entry
, table
, string
)
192 struct bfd_hash_entry
*entry
;
193 struct bfd_hash_table
*table
;
196 struct linux_link_hash_entry
*ret
= (struct linux_link_hash_entry
*) entry
;
198 /* Allocate the structure if it has not already been allocated by a
200 if (ret
== (struct linux_link_hash_entry
*) NULL
)
201 ret
= ((struct linux_link_hash_entry
*)
202 bfd_hash_allocate (table
, sizeof (struct linux_link_hash_entry
)));
204 return (struct bfd_hash_entry
*) ret
;
206 /* Call the allocation method of the superclass. */
207 ret
= ((struct linux_link_hash_entry
*)
208 NAME(aout
,link_hash_newfunc
) ((struct bfd_hash_entry
*) ret
,
212 /* Set local fields; there aren't any. */
215 return (struct bfd_hash_entry
*) ret
;
218 /* Create a Linux link hash table. */
220 static struct bfd_link_hash_table
*
221 linux_link_hash_table_create (abfd
)
224 struct linux_link_hash_table
*ret
;
226 ret
= ((struct linux_link_hash_table
*)
227 bfd_alloc (abfd
, sizeof (struct linux_link_hash_table
)));
228 if (ret
== (struct linux_link_hash_table
*) NULL
)
229 return (struct bfd_link_hash_table
*) NULL
;
230 if (! NAME(aout
,link_hash_table_init
) (&ret
->root
, abfd
,
231 linux_link_hash_newfunc
))
234 return (struct bfd_link_hash_table
*) NULL
;
238 ret
->fixup_count
= 0;
239 ret
->local_builtins
= 0;
240 ret
->fixup_list
= NULL
;
242 return &ret
->root
.root
;
245 /* Look up an entry in a Linux link hash table. */
247 #define linux_link_hash_lookup(table, string, create, copy, follow) \
248 ((struct linux_link_hash_entry *) \
249 aout_link_hash_lookup (&(table)->root, (string), (create), (copy),\
252 /* Traverse a Linux link hash table. */
254 #define linux_link_hash_traverse(table, func, info) \
255 (aout_link_hash_traverse \
257 (boolean (*) PARAMS ((struct aout_link_hash_entry *, PTR))) (func), \
260 /* Get the Linux link hash table from the info structure. This is
263 #define linux_hash_table(p) ((struct linux_link_hash_table *) ((p)->hash))
265 /* Store the information for a new fixup. */
267 static struct fixup
*
268 new_fixup (info
, h
, value
, builtin
)
269 struct bfd_link_info
*info
;
270 struct linux_link_hash_entry
*h
;
276 f
= (struct fixup
*) bfd_hash_allocate (&info
->hash
->table
,
277 sizeof (struct fixup
));
280 f
->next
= linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_list
;
281 linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_list
= f
;
284 f
->builtin
= builtin
;
286 ++linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_count
;
290 /* We come here once we realize that we are going to link to a shared
291 library. We need to create a special section that contains the
292 fixup table, and we ultimately need to add a pointer to this into
293 the set vector for SHARABLE_CONFLICTS. At this point we do not
294 know the size of the section, but that's OK - we just need to
295 create it for now. */
298 linux_link_create_dynamic_sections (abfd
, info
)
300 struct bfd_link_info
*info
;
303 register asection
*s
;
305 /* Note that we set the SEC_IN_MEMORY flag. */
306 flags
= SEC_ALLOC
| SEC_LOAD
| SEC_HAS_CONTENTS
| SEC_IN_MEMORY
;
308 /* We choose to use the name ".linux-dynamic" for the fixup table.
310 s
= bfd_make_section (abfd
, ".linux-dynamic");
312 || ! bfd_set_section_flags (abfd
, s
, flags
)
313 || ! bfd_set_section_alignment (abfd
, s
, 2))
321 /* Function to add a single symbol to the linker hash table. This is
322 a wrapper around _bfd_generic_link_add_one_symbol which handles the
323 tweaking needed for dynamic linking support. */
326 linux_add_one_symbol (info
, abfd
, name
, flags
, section
, value
, string
,
327 copy
, collect
, hashp
)
328 struct bfd_link_info
*info
;
337 struct bfd_link_hash_entry
**hashp
;
339 struct linux_link_hash_entry
*h
;
342 /* Look up and see if we already have this symbol in the hash table.
343 If we do, and the defining entry is from a shared library, we
344 need to create the dynamic sections.
346 FIXME: What if abfd->xvec != info->hash->creator? We may want to
347 be able to link Linux a.out and ELF objects together, but serious
348 confusion is possible. */
352 if (! info
->relocateable
353 && linux_hash_table (info
)->dynobj
== NULL
354 && strcmp (name
, SHARABLE_CONFLICTS
) == 0
355 && (flags
& BSF_CONSTRUCTOR
) != 0
356 && abfd
->xvec
== info
->hash
->creator
)
358 if (! linux_link_create_dynamic_sections (abfd
, info
))
360 linux_hash_table (info
)->dynobj
= abfd
;
364 if (bfd_is_abs_section (section
)
365 && abfd
->xvec
== info
->hash
->creator
)
367 h
= linux_link_hash_lookup (linux_hash_table (info
), name
, false,
370 && (h
->root
.root
.type
== bfd_link_hash_defined
371 || h
->root
.root
.type
== bfd_link_hash_defweak
))
376 *hashp
= (struct bfd_link_hash_entry
*) h
;
378 f
= new_fixup (info
, h
, value
, ! IS_PLT_SYM (name
));
381 f
->jump
= IS_PLT_SYM (name
);
387 /* Do the usual procedure for adding a symbol. */
388 if (! _bfd_generic_link_add_one_symbol (info
, abfd
, name
, flags
, section
,
389 value
, string
, copy
, collect
,
393 /* Insert a pointer to our table in the set vector. The dynamic
394 linker requires this information */
399 /* Here we do our special thing to add the pointer to the
400 dynamic section in the SHARABLE_CONFLICTS set vector. */
401 s
= bfd_get_section_by_name (linux_hash_table (info
)->dynobj
,
403 BFD_ASSERT (s
!= NULL
);
405 if (! (_bfd_generic_link_add_one_symbol
406 (info
, linux_hash_table (info
)->dynobj
, SHARABLE_CONFLICTS
,
407 BSF_GLOBAL
| BSF_CONSTRUCTOR
, s
, 0, NULL
, false, false, NULL
)))
414 /* We will crawl the hash table and come here for every global symbol.
415 We will examine each entry and see if there are indications that we
416 need to add a fixup. There are two possible cases - one is where
417 you have duplicate definitions of PLT or GOT symbols - these will
418 have already been caught and added as "builtin" fixups. If we find
419 that the corresponding non PLT/GOT symbol is also present, we
420 convert it to a regular fixup instead.
422 This function is called via linux_link_hash_traverse. */
425 linux_tally_symbols (h
, data
)
426 struct linux_link_hash_entry
*h
;
429 struct bfd_link_info
*info
= (struct bfd_link_info
*) data
;
430 struct fixup
*f
, *f1
;
432 struct linux_link_hash_entry
*h1
, *h2
;
435 if (h
->root
.root
.type
== bfd_link_hash_undefined
436 && strncmp (h
->root
.root
.root
.string
, NEEDS_SHRLIB
,
437 sizeof NEEDS_SHRLIB
- 1) == 0)
443 name
= h
->root
.root
.root
.string
+ sizeof NEEDS_SHRLIB
- 1;
444 p
= strrchr (name
, '_');
446 alloc
= (char *) bfd_malloc (strlen (name
) + 1);
448 if (p
== NULL
|| alloc
== NULL
)
449 (*_bfd_error_handler
) (_("Output file requires shared library `%s'\n"),
453 strcpy (alloc
, name
);
454 p
= strrchr (alloc
, '_');
456 (*_bfd_error_handler
)
457 (_("Output file requires shared library `%s.so.%s'\n"),
465 /* If this symbol is not a PLT/GOT, we do not even need to look at it */
466 is_plt
= IS_PLT_SYM (h
->root
.root
.root
.string
);
468 if (is_plt
|| IS_GOT_SYM (h
->root
.root
.root
.string
))
470 /* Look up this symbol twice. Once just as a regular lookup,
471 and then again following all of the indirect links until we
472 reach a real symbol. */
473 h1
= linux_link_hash_lookup (linux_hash_table (info
),
474 (h
->root
.root
.root
.string
475 + sizeof PLT_REF_PREFIX
- 1),
477 /* h2 does not follow indirect symbols. */
478 h2
= linux_link_hash_lookup (linux_hash_table (info
),
479 (h
->root
.root
.root
.string
480 + sizeof PLT_REF_PREFIX
- 1),
481 false, false, false);
483 /* The real symbol must exist but if it is also an ABS symbol,
484 there is no need to have a fixup. This is because they both
485 came from the same library. If on the other hand, we had to
486 use an indirect symbol to get to the real symbol, we add the
487 fixup anyway, since there are cases where these symbols come
488 from different shared libraries */
490 && (((h1
->root
.root
.type
== bfd_link_hash_defined
491 || h1
->root
.root
.type
== bfd_link_hash_defweak
)
492 && ! bfd_is_abs_section (h1
->root
.root
.u
.def
.section
))
493 || h2
->root
.root
.type
== bfd_link_hash_indirect
))
495 /* See if there is a "builtin" fixup already present
496 involving this symbol. If so, convert it to a regular
497 fixup. In the end, this relaxes some of the requirements
498 about the order of performing fixups. */
500 for (f1
= linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_list
;
504 if ((f1
->h
!= h
&& f1
->h
!= h1
)
505 || (! f1
->builtin
&& ! f1
->jump
))
510 && bfd_is_abs_section (h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.section
))
512 f
= new_fixup (info
, h1
, f1
->h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.value
, 0);
521 && bfd_is_abs_section (h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.section
))
523 f
= new_fixup (info
, h1
, h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.value
, 0);
526 /* FIXME: No way to return error. */
533 /* Quick and dirty way of stripping these symbols from the
535 if (bfd_is_abs_section (h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.section
))
536 h
->root
.written
= true;
542 /* This is called to set the size of the .linux-dynamic section is.
543 It is called by the Linux linker emulation before_allocation
544 routine. We have finished reading all of the input files, and now
545 we just scan the hash tables to find out how many additional fixups
549 bfd_i386linux_size_dynamic_sections (output_bfd
, info
)
551 struct bfd_link_info
*info
;
556 if (output_bfd
->xvec
!= &MY(vec
))
559 /* First find the fixups... */
560 linux_link_hash_traverse (linux_hash_table (info
),
564 /* If there are builtin fixups, leave room for a marker. This is
565 used by the dynamic linker so that it knows that all that follow
566 are builtin fixups instead of regular fixups. */
567 for (f
= linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_list
; f
!= NULL
; f
= f
->next
)
571 ++linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_count
;
572 ++linux_hash_table (info
)->local_builtins
;
577 if (linux_hash_table (info
)->dynobj
== NULL
)
579 if (linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_count
> 0)
584 /* Allocate memory for our fixup table. We will fill it in later. */
585 s
= bfd_get_section_by_name (linux_hash_table (info
)->dynobj
,
589 s
->_raw_size
= 8 + linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_count
* 8;
590 s
->contents
= (bfd_byte
*) bfd_alloc (output_bfd
, s
->_raw_size
);
591 if (s
->contents
== NULL
)
593 memset (s
->contents
, 0, (size_t) s
->_raw_size
);
599 /* We come here once we are ready to actually write the fixup table to
600 the output file. Scan the fixup tables and so forth and generate
601 the stuff we need. */
604 linux_finish_dynamic_link (output_bfd
, info
)
606 struct bfd_link_info
*info
;
608 asection
*s
, *os
, *is
;
609 bfd_byte
*fixup_table
;
610 struct linux_link_hash_entry
*h
;
612 unsigned int new_addr
;
614 unsigned int fixups_written
;
616 if (linux_hash_table (info
)->dynobj
== NULL
)
619 s
= bfd_get_section_by_name (linux_hash_table (info
)->dynobj
,
621 BFD_ASSERT (s
!= NULL
);
622 os
= s
->output_section
;
625 #ifdef LINUX_LINK_DEBUG
626 printf ("Fixup table file offset: %x VMA: %x\n",
627 os
->filepos
+ s
->output_offset
,
628 os
->vma
+ s
->output_offset
);
631 fixup_table
= s
->contents
;
632 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_count
, fixup_table
);
635 /* Fill in fixup table. */
636 for (f
= linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_list
; f
!= NULL
; f
= f
->next
)
641 if (f
->h
->root
.root
.type
!= bfd_link_hash_defined
642 && f
->h
->root
.root
.type
!= bfd_link_hash_defweak
)
644 (*_bfd_error_handler
)
645 (_("Symbol %s not defined for fixups\n"),
646 f
->h
->root
.root
.root
.string
);
650 is
= f
->h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.section
;
651 section_offset
= is
->output_section
->vma
+ is
->output_offset
;
652 new_addr
= f
->h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.value
+ section_offset
;
654 #ifdef LINUX_LINK_DEBUG
655 printf ("Fixup(%d) %s: %x %x\n",f
->jump
, f
->h
->root
.root
.string
,
661 /* Relative address */
662 new_addr
= new_addr
- (f
->value
+ 5);
663 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, new_addr
, fixup_table
);
665 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, f
->value
+ 1, fixup_table
);
670 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, new_addr
, fixup_table
);
672 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, f
->value
, fixup_table
);
678 if (linux_hash_table (info
)->local_builtins
!= 0)
680 /* Special marker so we know to switch to the other type of fixup */
681 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, 0, fixup_table
);
683 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, 0, fixup_table
);
686 for (f
= linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_list
; f
!= NULL
; f
= f
->next
)
691 if (f
->h
->root
.root
.type
!= bfd_link_hash_defined
692 && f
->h
->root
.root
.type
!= bfd_link_hash_defweak
)
694 (*_bfd_error_handler
)
695 (_("Symbol %s not defined for fixups\n"),
696 f
->h
->root
.root
.root
.string
);
700 is
= f
->h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.section
;
701 section_offset
= is
->output_section
->vma
+ is
->output_offset
;
702 new_addr
= f
->h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.value
+ section_offset
;
704 #ifdef LINUX_LINK_DEBUG
705 printf ("Fixup(B) %s: %x %x\n", f
->h
->root
.root
.string
,
709 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, new_addr
, fixup_table
);
711 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, f
->value
, fixup_table
);
717 if (linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_count
!= fixups_written
)
719 (*_bfd_error_handler
) (_("Warning: fixup count mismatch\n"));
720 while (linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_count
> fixups_written
)
722 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, 0, fixup_table
);
724 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, 0, fixup_table
);
730 h
= linux_link_hash_lookup (linux_hash_table (info
),
731 "__BUILTIN_FIXUPS__",
732 false, false, false);
735 && (h
->root
.root
.type
== bfd_link_hash_defined
736 || h
->root
.root
.type
== bfd_link_hash_defweak
))
738 is
= h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.section
;
739 section_offset
= is
->output_section
->vma
+ is
->output_offset
;
740 new_addr
= h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.value
+ section_offset
;
742 #ifdef LINUX_LINK_DEBUG
743 printf ("Builtin fixup table at %x\n", new_addr
);
746 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, new_addr
, fixup_table
);
749 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, 0, fixup_table
);
751 if (bfd_seek (output_bfd
, os
->filepos
+ s
->output_offset
, SEEK_SET
) != 0)
754 if (bfd_write ((PTR
) s
->contents
, 1, s
->_raw_size
, output_bfd
)
761 #define MY_bfd_link_hash_table_create linux_link_hash_table_create
762 #define MY_add_one_symbol linux_add_one_symbol
763 #define MY_finish_dynamic_link linux_finish_dynamic_link
765 #define MY_zmagic_contiguous 1
767 #include "aout-target.h"