3 * Add to the PE/PE+ targets the support of two different kinds of
4 pseudo-relocations. They can be selected by the switches
5 --enable-runtime-pseudo-reloc-v1 and --enable-runtime-pseudo-reloc-v2.
6 For the switch --enable-runtime-pseudo-reloc it uses for 32-bit
7 runtime pseudo relocation version one, for 64-bit the version two.
11 * Linker scripts support a new INSERT command that makes it easier to
12 augment the default script.
14 * Linker script input section filespecs may now specify a file within an
15 archive by writing "archive:file".
17 * The --sort-common switch now has an optional argument which specifies the
20 * The M68K linker now supports multiple GOT generation schemes controlled via
21 the --got=<type> command line option.
23 * The ARM EABI linker will now generate stubs for function calls to symbols
24 that are too far away. The placement of the stubs is controlled by a new
25 linker command line option: --stub-group-size=N.
29 * Linker sources now released under version 3 of the GNU General Public
32 * ELF: New --build-id option to generate a unique per-binary identifier
33 embedded in a note section.
35 * Added support for National Semicondutor CompactRISC (ie CR16) target.
37 * -l:foo now searches the library path for a filename called foo,
38 without converting it to libfoo.a or libfoo.so.
40 * Add a new command line option '--default-script=FILE' or '-dT FILE'
41 which specifies a replacement for the built in, default linker
44 * ELF: Add -Bsymbolic-functions, --dynamic-list-cpp-new, which puts C++
45 operator new and delete on the dynamic list, and --dynamic-list-data,
46 builtin list for --dynamic-list, which puts global data symbols on the
49 * Add support for x86_64 PE+ target.
51 * Add support for Score target.
53 * ELF: Add --dynamic-list option to specify a list of global symbols
54 whose references shouldn't be bound to the definition within the
55 shared library, or a list of symbols which should be added to the
56 symbol table in the executable.
58 * The default output section LMA has changed for allocatable sections from
59 being equal to VMA, to keeping the difference between LMA and VMA the same as
60 the previous output section in the same region. This is a more useful
61 default when using overlays and other cases where you specify an LMA
62 differing from the VMA for some sections.
64 * New switch: --print-gc-sections to list any sections removed by garabge
67 * ARM: Added --vfp11-denorm-fix option to work around an erratum in current
72 * Support for the Infineon XC16X has been added by KPIT Cummins Infosystems.
74 * Modify the Linux linker search order to better match ld.so search order.
75 Look for DT_NEEDED libraries in paths specified by ld.so.conf before
76 searching the default directories, rather than vice versa.
77 Use $prefix/etc/ld.so.conf if it exists, otherwise /etc/ld.so.conf.
79 * PE-COFF: Forward exports from DLL's can now be specified in .def files
80 passed directly to ld.
82 * Support for the Z80 processor family has been added.
84 * Add support for the "@<file>" syntax to the command line, so that extra
85 switches can be read from <file>.
89 * Support for the R_ARM_V4BX relocation as defined in the ARM AAELF
90 specification has been added via the --fix-v4bx command-line option.
92 * New linker script construct AS_NEEDED(), which sets the --as-needed flag
93 for input files listed inside of it.
95 * A new command-line option, --sysroot, can be used to override the
96 default sysroot location. It only applies to toolchains that were
97 configured using --with-sysroot.
99 * New linker script functions: ORIGIN() and LENGTH() which return information
100 about a specified memory region.
102 * Port to MAXQ processor contributed by HCL Tech.
104 * Added SEGMENT_START to the linker script language to permit the user to
105 override the base address for a segment from the command-line.
107 * ELF: --warn-shared-textrel option to warn if adding a DT_TEXTREL to a shared
110 * Added SORT_BY_NAME and SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT to the linker script
111 language to permit sorting sections by section name or section
114 * Added a new linker command line switch, --sort-section name|alignment,
115 to sort sections by section name or maximum alignment.
117 * ELF: --add-needed/--no-add-needed options to control if a DT_NEEDED tag
118 should be added when a shared library comes from DT_NEEDED tags.
120 * Support for the crx-elf target added.
122 * Support for the sh-symbianelf target added.
124 * A new linker command line switch has been added which allows the hash table
125 size to be set to a suitable prime value near to its argument. This switch
126 is --hash-size=<NUMBER>. Also if the switch --reduce-memory-overheads is
127 used, and --hash-size has not been used, then the default value will be set
130 * Linker map files are now generated with an O(N) algorithm for finding symbols
131 that are defined in each section. This uses about 40% more memory for
132 symbols than the old O(N^2) algorithm. You can use the new
133 --reduce-memory-overheads option to select the old algorithm; this option
134 might also be used in the future to select similar tradeoffs.
138 * ELF: --as-needed/--no-as-needed options to control if a DT_NEEDED tag should
139 be added only when a shared library is referenced.
141 * PE: --large-address-aware option to indicate executables support virtual
142 addresses greater than 2 gigabytes.
144 * DWARF 2 support for i386pe added.
146 * The linker script operator DEFINED() will now yield 1 only for a symbol that
147 is defined before the statement where DEFINED is used.
149 * The MIPS --embedded-relocs (used to embed relocations into binaries for
150 Embedded-PIC code) is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
152 * cr16c support added by NSC.
154 * m32r Linux (ELF) support added by Renesas.
156 * Improved linker's handling of unresolved symbols. The switch
157 --unresolved-symbols=<method> has been added to tell the linker when it
158 should report them and the switch --warn-unresolved-symbols has been added to
159 make reports be issued as warning messages rather than errors.
163 * Added support for Xtensa architecture.
165 * Added --with-sysroot configure switch to specify a target system root, for
166 linking against a target filesystem image.
168 * Added --accept-unknown-linker-format to restore old linker behaviour (pre
169 2.14) of silently accepting and linking in any files in an unknown binary
172 * Added --no-omagic to undo the effects of the -N option.
174 * Support for Texas Instruments TMS320C4x and TMS320C3x series of
175 DSP's contributed by Michael Hayes and Svein E. Seldal.
177 * Added --with-lib-path configure switch to specify default value for
180 * ARM port to QNX operating system added by Graeme Peterson.
182 * IP2K support added by Denis Chertykov.
186 * Support for the Fujitsu FRV architecture added by Red Hat. Models for FR400
189 Changes in version 2.13:
191 * DEC VAX ELF support, by Matt Thomas.
193 Changes in version 2.12:
195 * Support for Don Knuth's MMIX, by Hans-Peter Nilsson.
197 * Support for the OpenRISC 32-bit embedded processor by OpenCores.
199 * Support for -z nocopyreloc in the x86 ELF linker, which disables
200 production of copy relocs. Warning: using this option may result in
201 non-sharable applications.
203 * Support for -z combreloc in the ELF linker, which puts dynamic
204 relocations against the same symbol together, so that dynamic linker
205 can use an one-entry symbol lookup cache.
207 * Support for ELF SHF_MERGE section merging, by Jakub Jelinek.
209 Changes in version 2.11:
211 * Support for AMD x86-64 architecture, by Jan Hubicka, SuSE Labs.
213 * Support added for eliminating duplicate DWARF2 debug information by
214 having the compiler generate the information in sections called
215 .gnu.linkonce.wi.XXXX where XXXX is a checksum for the contents. The
216 linker then merges these sections together into the normal .debug_info
219 * The native ELF linker now searches the directories in DT_RUNPATH or
220 DT_RPATH of a shared library for shared libraries needed by it.
222 * TI C54x support, by Timothy Wall.
224 * Added command line switch --section-start to set the start address of any
227 * Added ability to emit full relocation information in linked executables,
228 enabled by --emit-relocs. Some post-linkage optimization tools need
229 this information in order to be able to correctly identify and perform
230 symbol relative addressing in the event of changes in section contents
231 (instructions being added or deleted, extending data sections, etc.)
233 * Support for i860, by Jason Eckhardt (preliminary, alpha quality).
235 * Support for CRIS (Axis Communications ETRAX series).
237 * Support for PDP-11 and 2.11BSD a.out format, by Lars Brinkhoff.
239 Changes in version 2.10:
241 * Added AT> to the linker script language to allow load-time allocation of
242 sections into regions.
244 * Added garbage collection of unused sections, enabled by --gc-sections.
245 It does require a bit of backend support; currently implemented are
246 arm-elf, avr-elf, d10v-elf, fr30-elf, i386-elf, m32r-elf, m68k-elf,
247 mcore-elf, mips-elf, mn10300-elf, ppc-elf, sh-elf, sparc-elf, and v850-elf.
248 Others will ignore the option.
250 * Added SORT to the linker script language to permit sorting sections by file
251 name or section name.
253 * Added EXTERN to the linker script language as an equivalent to the -u
256 * Added ASSERT to the linker script language.
258 * Added EXCLUDE_FILE to the linker script language for further control over
261 * Added -O option to optimize linker output (as of this writing, this only
262 affects ELF shared library generation).
264 * The -e option now accepts a number as well as a symbol name.
266 * Added --no-undefined option to disallow undefined symbols when creating a
269 * The linker now issues a warning, not an error, for an undefined symbol when
270 using -Bsymbolic; use the new --no-undefined option to get the old
273 * Added --demangle and --no-demangle options.
275 Changes in version 2.9:
277 * Added SQUAD to the linker script language.
279 * New option --no-warn-mismatch.
281 * The MEMORY command now parses the attributes to determine where sections that
282 are not placed in a specific memory region are placed.
284 Changes in version 2.8:
286 * Linker scripts may now contain shell wildcard characters for file and section
289 * The linker now supports symbol versions in ELF.
291 * The NOCROSSREFS command was added to the linker script language.
293 * The LOADADDR expression was added to the linker script language.
295 * MAX and MIN functions were added to the linker script language.
297 * The OVERLAY construct was added to the linker script language.
299 * New option --warn-section-align to warn when the address of an output section
300 changes due to alignment of an input section.
302 * New options --filter/-F and --auxiliary/-f.
304 Changes in version 2.7:
306 * New option --cref to print out a cross reference table.
308 * New option --wrap SYMBOL.
310 * New option --no-whole-archive, to turn off the effect of --whole-archive.
312 * Input sections assigned to the output section /DISCARD/ in the linker script
313 are not included in the output file.
315 * The SunOS and ELF linkers now merge stabs debugging information which uses
316 the N_BINCL and N_EINCL stab types. This reduces the amount of debugging
317 information generated.
319 Changes in version 2.6:
321 * When an ELF section name is representable as a C identifier (this is not true
322 of most ELF section names), the linker will automatically define symbols
323 __start_SECNAME and __stop_SECNAME, where SECNAME is the section name, at the
324 beginning and the end of the section. This is used by glibc.
326 Addendum: Current versions of the linker (at least for version 2.18 onwards
327 and possibly much earlier as well) place two restrictions on this feature: The
328 symbols are only implemented for orphaned sections, not for explicitly placed
329 sections and they are PROVIDEd rather than being defined.
331 * When an ELF section named .gnu.warning is encountered in an input file, the
332 contents of the section are displayed as an error message, and the section is
333 not copied into the output file. This is used by glibc.
335 * When an ELF section named .gnu.warning.SYMBOL is encountered in an input
336 file, and the symbol SYMBOL is referenced by some object file, the contents of
337 the section are displayed as an error message. The section is not copied into
338 the output file, unless doing a relocatable or shared link. This is used by
341 * New options -split-by-reloc and -split-by-file.
343 * The linker now supports linking PIC compiled code on SPARC SunOS. It can
344 also create SPARC SunOS shared libraries, and, like the native SunOS linker,
345 will do so whenever there is an undefined symbol in the link and neither the -e
346 nor the -r option was used.
348 * The -rpath option may be used on SunOS to set the list of directories to be
349 searched at run time. This overrides the default of building the list from the
352 * The COFF linker now combines debugging information for structs, unions, and
353 enums, so that even if the same type is defined in multiple input files it will
354 only be defined once in the output file. The --traditional-format switch will
355 prevent this optimization.
357 Changes in version 2.5:
359 * The linker now supports linking against SunOS shared libraries. It still can
360 not link SunOS PIC (Position Independent Code) files, so it can not be used to
361 generate shared libraries.
363 * The linker now supports linking against ELF shared libraries for the i386
364 (UnixWare) and SPARC (Solaris). It can also link ELF PIC files, and can be
365 used to generate shared libraries. Shared library generation is not well
366 tested; please report any problems encountered. The linker is now enabled for
369 * Eric Youngdale has contributed Linux support code, including linking against
370 Linux a.out shared libraries. The linker produces Linux QMAGIC binaries.
372 * The ELF backend has been converted to the new linker code. To use the new
373 ELF linker, each particular target requires a relocation function. So far,
374 this function has been written for i386 (UnixWare), SPARC (Solaris) MIPS (Irix
375 5), and HPPA ELF targets.
377 * The -( (--start-group) and -) (--end-group) options have been added to
378 support searching a group of archives as though they were a single archive.
379 This can also be used in a linker script, as GROUP ( files ).
381 * When a file is named on the command line, and the linker does not recognize
382 it as an object file, the linker will now treat the file as a linker script
383 file. A linker script named in this way augments, but does not replace, the
384 default linker script.
386 * The -warn-once option was added. It causes the linker to only warn once per
387 undefined symbol, rather than once per reference.
389 * The COFF backend has been converted to the new linker code. As with ELF, to
390 use the new linker, each particular target requires a relocation function. So
391 far, this function has been written for the i386, m68k, a29k and SH targets.
393 * The -V flag was made a synonym for -v, for SVR4 compatibility. The old -V
394 behaviour is available via --verbose.
396 Changes in version 2.4:
398 * New linker code, by Steve Chamberlain and Ian Taylor. For a.out and ecoff
399 formats (so far), this should result in considerable savings in time
400 and memory used while linking; slightly poorer performance than
401 before for formats not converted yet.
403 * Command-line parsing is no longer done with flex. This means
404 oddball characters in filenames won't get treated as argument
407 * HP-PA ELF support, by Jeff Law. (No SOM support yet.)
409 * Mach i386 support, by David Mackenzie.
411 * Irix 4 shared libraries are now supported (Irix 5 uses ELF, and ELF shared
412 libraries are not yet supported).
414 * COFF shared libraries (as on SCO) should work as well.
416 * The linker is disabled for Solaris. (Actually, it was in 2.3 also, I just
417 forgot to note it.) Some of their C library routines don't work when
418 statically linked, and the GNU linker doesn't support dynamic linking yet.
420 Changes in version 2.3:
422 * Weak symbols are now supported.
424 * ELF support has been added. The linker has been bootstrapped on
425 UnixWare and Solaris.
427 * Alpha OSF/1 support has been added (non dynamic linking only).
429 Changes in version 2.2:
431 * The `bfd' library has been updated to reduce a.out-format string
432 table size. The effect of this is that files linked from many input
433 files with duplicate symbols (`-g' debugging records, or identical
434 static symbols) should be much smaller.
436 Changes in version 2.1:
438 * The ld -ySYMBOL flag (to trace references to SYMBOL) is now implemented.
440 * There is now support for writing ECOFF files, so ld and the
441 other utilities should work on Risc/Ultrix and Irix.