1 /* BFD back-end for linux flavored i386 a.out binaries.
2 Copyright 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003,
3 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 This file is part of BFD, the Binary File Descriptor library.
7 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
10 (at your option) any later version.
12 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 GNU General Public License for more details.
17 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
19 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
21 #define TARGET_PAGE_SIZE 4096
22 #define ZMAGIC_DISK_BLOCK_SIZE 1024
23 #define SEGMENT_SIZE TARGET_PAGE_SIZE
24 #define TEXT_START_ADDR 0x0
25 #define N_SHARED_LIB(x) 0
27 #define MACHTYPE_OK(mtype) ((mtype) == M_386 || (mtype) == M_UNKNOWN)
32 #include "aout/aout64.h"
33 #include "aout/stab_gnu.h"
35 #include "libaout.h" /* BFD a.out internal data structures */
37 #define DEFAULT_ARCH bfd_arch_i386
39 /* Do not "beautify" the CONCAT* macro args. Traditional C will not
40 remove whitespace added here, and thus will fail to concatenate
42 #define MY(OP) CONCAT2 (i386linux_,OP)
43 #define TARGETNAME "a.out-i386-linux"
45 extern const bfd_target
MY(vec
);
47 /* We always generate QMAGIC files in preference to ZMAGIC files. It
48 would be possible to make this a linker option, if that ever
51 static void MY_final_link_callback
52 PARAMS ((bfd
*, file_ptr
*, file_ptr
*, file_ptr
*));
53 static bfd_boolean i386linux_bfd_final_link
54 PARAMS ((bfd
*, struct bfd_link_info
*));
55 static bfd_boolean i386linux_write_object_contents
PARAMS ((bfd
*));
58 i386linux_bfd_final_link (abfd
, info
)
60 struct bfd_link_info
*info
;
62 obj_aout_subformat (abfd
) = q_magic_format
;
63 return NAME(aout
,final_link
) (abfd
, info
, MY_final_link_callback
);
66 #define MY_bfd_final_link i386linux_bfd_final_link
68 /* Set the machine type correctly. */
71 i386linux_write_object_contents (abfd
)
74 struct external_exec exec_bytes
;
75 struct internal_exec
*execp
= exec_hdr (abfd
);
77 N_SET_MACHTYPE (*execp
, M_386
);
79 obj_reloc_entry_size (abfd
) = RELOC_STD_SIZE
;
81 WRITE_HEADERS(abfd
, execp
);
86 #define MY_write_object_contents i386linux_write_object_contents
88 /* Code to link against Linux a.out shared libraries. */
90 /* See if a symbol name is a reference to the global offset table. */
92 #ifndef GOT_REF_PREFIX
93 #define GOT_REF_PREFIX "__GOT_"
96 #define IS_GOT_SYM(name) \
97 (strncmp (name, GOT_REF_PREFIX, sizeof GOT_REF_PREFIX - 1) == 0)
99 /* See if a symbol name is a reference to the procedure linkage table. */
101 #ifndef PLT_REF_PREFIX
102 #define PLT_REF_PREFIX "__PLT_"
105 #define IS_PLT_SYM(name) \
106 (strncmp (name, PLT_REF_PREFIX, sizeof PLT_REF_PREFIX - 1) == 0)
108 /* This string is used to generate specialized error messages. */
111 #define NEEDS_SHRLIB "__NEEDS_SHRLIB_"
114 /* This special symbol is a set vector that contains a list of
115 pointers to fixup tables. It will be present in any dynamically
116 linked file. The linker generated fixup table should also be added
117 to the list, and it should always appear in the second slot (the
118 first one is a dummy with a magic number that is defined in
121 #ifndef SHARABLE_CONFLICTS
122 #define SHARABLE_CONFLICTS "__SHARABLE_CONFLICTS__"
125 /* We keep a list of fixups. The terminology is a bit strange, but
126 each fixup contains two 32 bit numbers. A regular fixup contains
127 an address and a pointer, and at runtime we should store the
128 address at the location pointed to by the pointer. A builtin fixup
129 contains two pointers, and we should read the address using one
130 pointer and store it at the location pointed to by the other
131 pointer. Builtin fixups come into play when we have duplicate
132 __GOT__ symbols for the same variable. The builtin fixup will copy
133 the GOT pointer from one over into the other. */
138 struct linux_link_hash_entry
*h
;
141 /* Nonzero if this is a jump instruction that needs to be fixed,
142 zero if this is just a pointer */
148 /* We don't need a special hash table entry structure, but we do need
149 to keep some information between linker passes, so we use a special
152 struct linux_link_hash_entry
154 struct aout_link_hash_entry root
;
157 struct linux_link_hash_table
159 struct aout_link_hash_table root
;
161 /* First dynamic object found in link. */
164 /* Number of fixups. */
167 /* Number of builtin fixups. */
168 size_t local_builtins
;
170 /* List of fixups. */
171 struct fixup
*fixup_list
;
174 static struct bfd_hash_entry
*linux_link_hash_newfunc
175 PARAMS ((struct bfd_hash_entry
*, struct bfd_hash_table
*, const char *));
176 static struct bfd_link_hash_table
*linux_link_hash_table_create
178 static struct fixup
*new_fixup
179 PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info
*, struct linux_link_hash_entry
*,
181 static bfd_boolean linux_link_create_dynamic_sections
182 PARAMS ((bfd
*, struct bfd_link_info
*));
183 static bfd_boolean linux_add_one_symbol
184 PARAMS ((struct bfd_link_info
*, bfd
*, const char *, flagword
, asection
*,
185 bfd_vma
, const char *, bfd_boolean
, bfd_boolean
,
186 struct bfd_link_hash_entry
**));
187 static bfd_boolean linux_tally_symbols
188 PARAMS ((struct linux_link_hash_entry
*, PTR
));
189 static bfd_boolean linux_finish_dynamic_link
190 PARAMS ((bfd
*, struct bfd_link_info
*));
192 /* Routine to create an entry in an Linux link hash table. */
194 static struct bfd_hash_entry
*
195 linux_link_hash_newfunc (entry
, table
, string
)
196 struct bfd_hash_entry
*entry
;
197 struct bfd_hash_table
*table
;
200 struct linux_link_hash_entry
*ret
= (struct linux_link_hash_entry
*) entry
;
202 /* Allocate the structure if it has not already been allocated by a
204 if (ret
== (struct linux_link_hash_entry
*) NULL
)
205 ret
= ((struct linux_link_hash_entry
*)
206 bfd_hash_allocate (table
, sizeof (struct linux_link_hash_entry
)));
208 return (struct bfd_hash_entry
*) ret
;
210 /* Call the allocation method of the superclass. */
211 ret
= ((struct linux_link_hash_entry
*)
212 NAME(aout
,link_hash_newfunc
) ((struct bfd_hash_entry
*) ret
,
216 /* Set local fields; there aren't any. */
219 return (struct bfd_hash_entry
*) ret
;
222 /* Create a Linux link hash table. */
224 static struct bfd_link_hash_table
*
225 linux_link_hash_table_create (abfd
)
228 struct linux_link_hash_table
*ret
;
229 bfd_size_type amt
= sizeof (struct linux_link_hash_table
);
231 ret
= (struct linux_link_hash_table
*) bfd_alloc (abfd
, amt
);
232 if (ret
== (struct linux_link_hash_table
*) NULL
)
233 return (struct bfd_link_hash_table
*) NULL
;
234 if (! NAME(aout
,link_hash_table_init
) (&ret
->root
, abfd
,
235 linux_link_hash_newfunc
))
238 return (struct bfd_link_hash_table
*) NULL
;
242 ret
->fixup_count
= 0;
243 ret
->local_builtins
= 0;
244 ret
->fixup_list
= NULL
;
246 return &ret
->root
.root
;
249 /* Look up an entry in a Linux link hash table. */
251 #define linux_link_hash_lookup(table, string, create, copy, follow) \
252 ((struct linux_link_hash_entry *) \
253 aout_link_hash_lookup (&(table)->root, (string), (create), (copy),\
256 /* Traverse a Linux link hash table. */
258 #define linux_link_hash_traverse(table, func, info) \
259 (aout_link_hash_traverse \
261 (bfd_boolean (*) PARAMS ((struct aout_link_hash_entry *, PTR))) (func), \
264 /* Get the Linux link hash table from the info structure. This is
267 #define linux_hash_table(p) ((struct linux_link_hash_table *) ((p)->hash))
269 /* Store the information for a new fixup. */
271 static struct fixup
*
272 new_fixup (info
, h
, value
, builtin
)
273 struct bfd_link_info
*info
;
274 struct linux_link_hash_entry
*h
;
280 f
= (struct fixup
*) bfd_hash_allocate (&info
->hash
->table
,
281 sizeof (struct fixup
));
284 f
->next
= linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_list
;
285 linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_list
= f
;
288 f
->builtin
= builtin
;
290 ++linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_count
;
294 /* We come here once we realize that we are going to link to a shared
295 library. We need to create a special section that contains the
296 fixup table, and we ultimately need to add a pointer to this into
297 the set vector for SHARABLE_CONFLICTS. At this point we do not
298 know the size of the section, but that's OK - we just need to
299 create it for now. */
302 linux_link_create_dynamic_sections (abfd
, info
)
304 struct bfd_link_info
*info ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED
;
307 register asection
*s
;
309 /* Note that we set the SEC_IN_MEMORY flag. */
310 flags
= SEC_ALLOC
| SEC_LOAD
| SEC_HAS_CONTENTS
| SEC_IN_MEMORY
;
312 /* We choose to use the name ".linux-dynamic" for the fixup table.
314 s
= bfd_make_section (abfd
, ".linux-dynamic");
316 || ! bfd_set_section_flags (abfd
, s
, flags
)
317 || ! bfd_set_section_alignment (abfd
, s
, 2))
325 /* Function to add a single symbol to the linker hash table. This is
326 a wrapper around _bfd_generic_link_add_one_symbol which handles the
327 tweaking needed for dynamic linking support. */
330 linux_add_one_symbol (info
, abfd
, name
, flags
, section
, value
, string
,
331 copy
, collect
, hashp
)
332 struct bfd_link_info
*info
;
341 struct bfd_link_hash_entry
**hashp
;
343 struct linux_link_hash_entry
*h
;
346 /* Look up and see if we already have this symbol in the hash table.
347 If we do, and the defining entry is from a shared library, we
348 need to create the dynamic sections.
350 FIXME: What if abfd->xvec != info->hash->creator? We may want to
351 be able to link Linux a.out and ELF objects together, but serious
352 confusion is possible. */
356 if (! info
->relocatable
357 && linux_hash_table (info
)->dynobj
== NULL
358 && strcmp (name
, SHARABLE_CONFLICTS
) == 0
359 && (flags
& BSF_CONSTRUCTOR
) != 0
360 && abfd
->xvec
== info
->hash
->creator
)
362 if (! linux_link_create_dynamic_sections (abfd
, info
))
364 linux_hash_table (info
)->dynobj
= abfd
;
368 if (bfd_is_abs_section (section
)
369 && abfd
->xvec
== info
->hash
->creator
)
371 h
= linux_link_hash_lookup (linux_hash_table (info
), name
, FALSE
,
374 && (h
->root
.root
.type
== bfd_link_hash_defined
375 || h
->root
.root
.type
== bfd_link_hash_defweak
))
380 *hashp
= (struct bfd_link_hash_entry
*) h
;
382 f
= new_fixup (info
, h
, value
, ! IS_PLT_SYM (name
));
385 f
->jump
= IS_PLT_SYM (name
);
391 /* Do the usual procedure for adding a symbol. */
392 if (! _bfd_generic_link_add_one_symbol (info
, abfd
, name
, flags
, section
,
393 value
, string
, copy
, collect
,
397 /* Insert a pointer to our table in the set vector. The dynamic
398 linker requires this information */
403 /* Here we do our special thing to add the pointer to the
404 dynamic section in the SHARABLE_CONFLICTS set vector. */
405 s
= bfd_get_section_by_name (linux_hash_table (info
)->dynobj
,
407 BFD_ASSERT (s
!= NULL
);
409 if (! (_bfd_generic_link_add_one_symbol
410 (info
, linux_hash_table (info
)->dynobj
, SHARABLE_CONFLICTS
,
411 BSF_GLOBAL
| BSF_CONSTRUCTOR
, s
, (bfd_vma
) 0, NULL
,
412 FALSE
, FALSE
, NULL
)))
419 /* We will crawl the hash table and come here for every global symbol.
420 We will examine each entry and see if there are indications that we
421 need to add a fixup. There are two possible cases - one is where
422 you have duplicate definitions of PLT or GOT symbols - these will
423 have already been caught and added as "builtin" fixups. If we find
424 that the corresponding non PLT/GOT symbol is also present, we
425 convert it to a regular fixup instead.
427 This function is called via linux_link_hash_traverse. */
430 linux_tally_symbols (h
, data
)
431 struct linux_link_hash_entry
*h
;
434 struct bfd_link_info
*info
= (struct bfd_link_info
*) data
;
435 struct fixup
*f
, *f1
;
437 struct linux_link_hash_entry
*h1
, *h2
;
440 if (h
->root
.root
.type
== bfd_link_hash_warning
)
441 h
= (struct linux_link_hash_entry
*) h
->root
.root
.u
.i
.link
;
443 if (h
->root
.root
.type
== bfd_link_hash_undefined
444 && strncmp (h
->root
.root
.root
.string
, NEEDS_SHRLIB
,
445 sizeof NEEDS_SHRLIB
- 1) == 0)
451 name
= h
->root
.root
.root
.string
+ sizeof NEEDS_SHRLIB
- 1;
452 p
= strrchr (name
, '_');
454 alloc
= (char *) bfd_malloc ((bfd_size_type
) strlen (name
) + 1);
456 if (p
== NULL
|| alloc
== NULL
)
457 (*_bfd_error_handler
) (_("Output file requires shared library `%s'\n"),
461 strcpy (alloc
, name
);
462 p
= strrchr (alloc
, '_');
464 (*_bfd_error_handler
)
465 (_("Output file requires shared library `%s.so.%s'\n"),
473 /* If this symbol is not a PLT/GOT, we do not even need to look at it */
474 is_plt
= IS_PLT_SYM (h
->root
.root
.root
.string
);
476 if (is_plt
|| IS_GOT_SYM (h
->root
.root
.root
.string
))
478 /* Look up this symbol twice. Once just as a regular lookup,
479 and then again following all of the indirect links until we
480 reach a real symbol. */
481 h1
= linux_link_hash_lookup (linux_hash_table (info
),
482 (h
->root
.root
.root
.string
483 + sizeof PLT_REF_PREFIX
- 1),
485 /* h2 does not follow indirect symbols. */
486 h2
= linux_link_hash_lookup (linux_hash_table (info
),
487 (h
->root
.root
.root
.string
488 + sizeof PLT_REF_PREFIX
- 1),
489 FALSE
, FALSE
, FALSE
);
491 /* The real symbol must exist but if it is also an ABS symbol,
492 there is no need to have a fixup. This is because they both
493 came from the same library. If on the other hand, we had to
494 use an indirect symbol to get to the real symbol, we add the
495 fixup anyway, since there are cases where these symbols come
496 from different shared libraries */
498 && (((h1
->root
.root
.type
== bfd_link_hash_defined
499 || h1
->root
.root
.type
== bfd_link_hash_defweak
)
500 && ! bfd_is_abs_section (h1
->root
.root
.u
.def
.section
))
501 || h2
->root
.root
.type
== bfd_link_hash_indirect
))
503 /* See if there is a "builtin" fixup already present
504 involving this symbol. If so, convert it to a regular
505 fixup. In the end, this relaxes some of the requirements
506 about the order of performing fixups. */
508 for (f1
= linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_list
;
512 if ((f1
->h
!= h
&& f1
->h
!= h1
)
513 || (! f1
->builtin
&& ! f1
->jump
))
518 && bfd_is_abs_section (h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.section
))
520 f
= new_fixup (info
, h1
, f1
->h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.value
, 0);
529 && bfd_is_abs_section (h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.section
))
531 f
= new_fixup (info
, h1
, h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.value
, 0);
534 /* FIXME: No way to return error. */
541 /* Quick and dirty way of stripping these symbols from the
543 if (bfd_is_abs_section (h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.section
))
544 h
->root
.written
= TRUE
;
550 /* This is called to set the size of the .linux-dynamic section is.
551 It is called by the Linux linker emulation before_allocation
552 routine. We have finished reading all of the input files, and now
553 we just scan the hash tables to find out how many additional fixups
557 bfd_i386linux_size_dynamic_sections (output_bfd
, info
)
559 struct bfd_link_info
*info
;
564 if (output_bfd
->xvec
!= &MY(vec
))
567 /* First find the fixups... */
568 linux_link_hash_traverse (linux_hash_table (info
),
572 /* If there are builtin fixups, leave room for a marker. This is
573 used by the dynamic linker so that it knows that all that follow
574 are builtin fixups instead of regular fixups. */
575 for (f
= linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_list
; f
!= NULL
; f
= f
->next
)
579 ++linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_count
;
580 ++linux_hash_table (info
)->local_builtins
;
585 if (linux_hash_table (info
)->dynobj
== NULL
)
587 if (linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_count
> 0)
592 /* Allocate memory for our fixup table. We will fill it in later. */
593 s
= bfd_get_section_by_name (linux_hash_table (info
)->dynobj
,
597 s
->size
= linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_count
+ 1;
599 s
->contents
= (bfd_byte
*) bfd_zalloc (output_bfd
, s
->size
);
600 if (s
->contents
== NULL
)
607 /* We come here once we are ready to actually write the fixup table to
608 the output file. Scan the fixup tables and so forth and generate
609 the stuff we need. */
612 linux_finish_dynamic_link (output_bfd
, info
)
614 struct bfd_link_info
*info
;
616 asection
*s
, *os
, *is
;
617 bfd_byte
*fixup_table
;
618 struct linux_link_hash_entry
*h
;
620 unsigned int new_addr
;
622 unsigned int fixups_written
;
624 if (linux_hash_table (info
)->dynobj
== NULL
)
627 s
= bfd_get_section_by_name (linux_hash_table (info
)->dynobj
,
629 BFD_ASSERT (s
!= NULL
);
630 os
= s
->output_section
;
633 #ifdef LINUX_LINK_DEBUG
634 printf ("Fixup table file offset: %x VMA: %x\n",
635 os
->filepos
+ s
->output_offset
,
636 os
->vma
+ s
->output_offset
);
639 fixup_table
= s
->contents
;
640 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
,
641 (bfd_vma
) linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_count
, fixup_table
);
644 /* Fill in fixup table. */
645 for (f
= linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_list
; f
!= NULL
; f
= f
->next
)
650 if (f
->h
->root
.root
.type
!= bfd_link_hash_defined
651 && f
->h
->root
.root
.type
!= bfd_link_hash_defweak
)
653 (*_bfd_error_handler
)
654 (_("Symbol %s not defined for fixups\n"),
655 f
->h
->root
.root
.root
.string
);
659 is
= f
->h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.section
;
660 section_offset
= is
->output_section
->vma
+ is
->output_offset
;
661 new_addr
= f
->h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.value
+ section_offset
;
663 #ifdef LINUX_LINK_DEBUG
664 printf ("Fixup(%d) %s: %x %x\n",f
->jump
, f
->h
->root
.root
.string
,
670 /* Relative address */
671 new_addr
= new_addr
- (f
->value
+ 5);
672 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, (bfd_vma
) new_addr
, fixup_table
);
674 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, f
->value
+ 1, fixup_table
);
679 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, (bfd_vma
) new_addr
, fixup_table
);
681 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, f
->value
, fixup_table
);
687 if (linux_hash_table (info
)->local_builtins
!= 0)
689 /* Special marker so we know to switch to the other type of fixup */
690 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, (bfd_vma
) 0, fixup_table
);
692 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, (bfd_vma
) 0, fixup_table
);
695 for (f
= linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_list
; f
!= NULL
; f
= f
->next
)
700 if (f
->h
->root
.root
.type
!= bfd_link_hash_defined
701 && f
->h
->root
.root
.type
!= bfd_link_hash_defweak
)
703 (*_bfd_error_handler
)
704 (_("Symbol %s not defined for fixups\n"),
705 f
->h
->root
.root
.root
.string
);
709 is
= f
->h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.section
;
710 section_offset
= is
->output_section
->vma
+ is
->output_offset
;
711 new_addr
= f
->h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.value
+ section_offset
;
713 #ifdef LINUX_LINK_DEBUG
714 printf ("Fixup(B) %s: %x %x\n", f
->h
->root
.root
.string
,
718 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, (bfd_vma
) new_addr
, fixup_table
);
720 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, f
->value
, fixup_table
);
726 if (linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_count
!= fixups_written
)
728 (*_bfd_error_handler
) (_("Warning: fixup count mismatch\n"));
729 while (linux_hash_table (info
)->fixup_count
> fixups_written
)
731 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, (bfd_vma
) 0, fixup_table
);
733 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, (bfd_vma
) 0, fixup_table
);
739 h
= linux_link_hash_lookup (linux_hash_table (info
),
740 "__BUILTIN_FIXUPS__",
741 FALSE
, FALSE
, FALSE
);
744 && (h
->root
.root
.type
== bfd_link_hash_defined
745 || h
->root
.root
.type
== bfd_link_hash_defweak
))
747 is
= h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.section
;
748 section_offset
= is
->output_section
->vma
+ is
->output_offset
;
749 new_addr
= h
->root
.root
.u
.def
.value
+ section_offset
;
751 #ifdef LINUX_LINK_DEBUG
752 printf ("Builtin fixup table at %x\n", new_addr
);
755 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, (bfd_vma
) new_addr
, fixup_table
);
758 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd
, (bfd_vma
) 0, fixup_table
);
760 if (bfd_seek (output_bfd
, (file_ptr
) (os
->filepos
+ s
->output_offset
),
764 if (bfd_bwrite ((PTR
) s
->contents
, s
->size
, output_bfd
) != s
->size
)
770 #define MY_bfd_link_hash_table_create linux_link_hash_table_create
771 #define MY_add_one_symbol linux_add_one_symbol
772 #define MY_finish_dynamic_link linux_finish_dynamic_link
774 #define MY_zmagic_contiguous 1
776 #include "aout-target.h"