3 These are the GNU binutils. These are utilities of use when dealing
4 with binary files, either object files or executables. These tools
5 consist of the linker (ld), the assembler (gas), and the profiler
6 (gprof) each of which have their own sub-directory named after them.
7 There is also a collection of other binary tools, including the
8 disassembler (objdump) in this directory. These tools make use of a
9 pair of libraries (bfd and opcodes) and a common set of header files
12 There are README and NEWS files in most of the program sub-directories
13 which give more information about those specific programs.
16 Unpacking and Installation -- quick overview
17 ============================================
19 When you unpack the binutils archive file, you will get a directory
20 called something like `binutils-XXX', where XXX is the number of the
21 release. (Probably 2.12 or higher). This directory contains
22 various files and sub-directories. Most of the files in the top
23 directory are for information and for configuration. The actual
24 source code is in sub-directories.
26 To build binutils, you can just do:
31 make install # copies the programs files into /usr/local/bin
34 This will configure and build all the libraries as well as the
35 assembler, the binutils, and the linker.
37 If you have GNU make, we recommend building in a different directory:
41 ../binutils-XXX/configure [options]
45 This relies on the VPATH feature of GNU make.
47 By default, the binutils will be configured to support the system on
48 which they are built. When doing cross development, use the --target
49 configure option to specify a different target, eg:
51 ./configure --target=foo-elf
53 The --enable-targets option adds support for more binary file formats
54 besides the default. List them as the argument to --enable-targets,
55 separated by commas. For example:
57 ./configure --enable-targets=sun3,rs6000-aix,decstation
59 The name 'all' compiles in support for all valid BFD targets:
61 ./configure --enable-targets=all
63 On 32-bit hosts though, this support will be restricted to 32-bit
64 target unless the --enable-64-bit-bfd option is also used:
66 ./configure --enable-64-bit-bfd --enable-targets=all
68 You can also specify the --enable-shared option when you run
69 configure. This will build the BFD and opcodes libraries as shared
70 libraries. You can use arguments with the --enable-shared option to
71 indicate that only certain libraries should be built shared; for
72 example, --enable-shared=bfd. The only potential shared libraries in
73 a binutils release are bfd and opcodes.
75 The binutils will be linked against the shared libraries. The build
76 step will attempt to place the correct library in the run-time search
77 path for the binaries. However, in some cases, after you install the
78 binaries, you may have to set an environment variable, normally
79 LD_LIBRARY_PATH, so that the system can find the installed libbfd
82 To build under openVMS/AXP, see the file makefile.vms in the top level
89 If your system does not already have an 'ar' program, the normal
90 binutils build process will not work. In this case, run configure as
91 usual. Before running make, run this script:
94 MAKE_PROG="${MAKE-make}"
95 MAKE="${MAKE_PROG} AR=true LINK=true"
97 ${MAKE} $* all-libiberty
103 ${MAKE} $* ar_DEPENDENCIES= ar_LDADD='../bfd/*.o `cat ../libiberty/required-list ../libiberty/needed-list | sed -e "s,\([^ ][^ ]*\),../libiberty/\1,g"` `if test -f ../intl/gettext.o; then echo '../intl/*.o'; fi`' ar
105 This script will build an ar program in binutils/ar. Move binutils/ar
106 into a directory on your PATH. After doing this, you can run make as
107 usual to build the complete binutils distribution. You do not need
108 the ranlib program in order to build the distribution.
113 Binutils-2.12 supports many different architectures, but there
114 are many more not supported, including some that were supported
115 by earlier versions. We are hoping for volunteers to improve this
118 The major effort in porting binutils to a new host and/or target
119 architecture involves the BFD library. There is some documentation
120 in ../bfd/doc. The file ../gdb/doc/gdbint.texinfo (distributed
121 with gdb-5.x) may also be of help.
126 Send bug reports and patches to:
128 bug-binutils@gnu.org.
130 Always mention the version number you are running; this is printed by
131 running any of the binutils with the --version option. We appreciate
132 reports about bugs, but we do not promise to fix them.
137 This section was written by Klaus K"ampf <kkaempf@rmi.de>. It
138 describes how to build and install the binutils on openVMS (Alpha and
139 Vax). (The BFD library only supports reading Vax object files.)
141 Compiling the release:
143 To compile the gnu binary utilities and the gnu assembler, you'll
144 need DEC C or GNU C for openVMS/Alpha. You'll need *both* compilers
147 Compiling with either DEC C or GNU C works on openVMS/Alpha only. Some
148 of the opcodes and binutils files trap a bug in the DEC C optimizer,
149 so these files must be compiled with /noopt.
151 Compiling on openVMS/Vax is a bit complicated, as the bfd library traps
152 a bug in GNU C and the gnu assembler a bug in (my version of) DEC C.
154 I never tried compiling with VAX C.
157 You further need GNU Make Version 3.76 or later. This is available
158 at ftp.progis.de or any GNU archive site. The makefiles assume that
159 gmake starts gnu make as a foreign command.
161 If you're compiling with DEC C or VAX C, you must run
165 before starting gnu-make. This isn't needed with GNU C.
167 On the Alpha you can choose the compiler by editing the toplevel
168 makefile.vms. Either select CC=cc (for DEC C) or CC=gcc (for GNU C)
171 Installing the release
173 Provided that your directory setup conforms to the GNU on openVMS
174 standard, you already have a concealed device named 'GNU_ROOT'.
175 In this case, a simple
179 suffices to copy all programs and libraries to the proper directories.
181 Define the programs as foreign commands by adding these lines to your
184 $ gas :== $GNU_ROOT:[bin]as.exe
185 $ size :== $GNU_ROOT:[bin]size.exe
186 $ nm :== $GNU_ROOT:[bin]nm.exe
187 $ objdump :== $GNU_ROOT:[bin]objdump.exe
188 $ strings :== $GNU_ROOT:[bin]strings.exe
190 If you have a different directory setup, copy the binary utilities
191 ([.binutils]size.exe, [.binutils]nm.exe, [.binutils]objdump.exe,
192 and [.binutils]strings.exe) and the gnu assembler and preprocessor
193 ([.gas]as.exe and [.gas]gasp.exe]) to a directory of your choice
194 and define all programs as foreign commands.
197 If you're satisfied with the compilation, you may want to remove
198 unneeded objects and libraries:
203 If you have any problems or questions about the binutils on VMS, feel
204 free to mail me at kkaempf@rmi.de.