1 @c Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2 @c This is part of the GAS manual.
3 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
8 @chapter Z80 Dependent Features
13 @node Machine Dependencies
14 @chapter Z80 Dependent Features
19 * Z80 Options:: Options
21 * Z80 Floating Point:: Floating Point
22 * Z80 Directives:: Z80 Machine Directives
23 * Z80 Opcodes:: Opcodes
27 @section Command-line Options
29 @cindex options for Z80
33 @cindex @code{-march=} command-line option, Z80
34 @item -march=@var{CPU}[-@var{EXT}@dots{}][+@var{EXT}@dots{}]
35 This option specifies the target processor. The assembler will issue
36 an error message if an attempt is made to assemble an instruction which
37 will not execute on the target processor. The following processor names
45 In addition to the basic instruction set, the assembler can be told to
46 accept some extention mnemonics. For example,
47 @code{-march=z180+sli+infc} extends @var{z180} with @var{SLI} instructions and
48 @var{IN F,(C)}. The following extentions are currently supported:
49 @code{full} (all known instructions),
50 @code{adl} (ADL CPU mode by default, eZ80 only),
51 @code{sli} (instruction known as @var{SLI}, @var{SLL} or @var{SL1}),
52 @code{xyhl} (instructions with halves of index registers: @var{IXL}, @var{IXH},
53 @var{IYL}, @var{IYH}),
54 @code{xdcb} (instructions like @var{RotOp (II+d),R} and @var{BitOp n,(II+d),R}),
55 @code{infc} (instruction @var{IN F,(C)} or @var{IN (C)}),
56 @code{outc0} (instruction @var{OUT (C),0}).
57 Note that rather than extending a basic instruction set, the extention
58 mnemonics starting with @code{-} revoke the respective functionality:
59 @code{-march=z80-full+xyhl} first removes all default extentions and adds
60 support for index registers halves only.
62 If this option is not specified then @code{-march=z80+xyhl+infc} is assumed.
64 @cindex @code{-local-prefix} command-line option, Z80
65 @item -local-prefix=@var{prefix}
66 Mark all labels with specified prefix as local. But such label can be
67 marked global explicitly in the code. This option do not change default
68 local label prefix @code{.L}, it is just adds new one.
70 @cindex @code{-colonless} command-line option, Z80
72 Accept colonless labels. All symbols at line begin are treated as labels.
74 @cindex @code{-sdcc} command-line option, Z80
76 Accept assembler code produced by SDCC.
78 @cindex @code{-fp-s} command-line option, Z80
79 @item -fp-s=@var{FORMAT}
80 Single precision floating point numbers format. Default: ieee754 (32 bit).
82 @cindex @code{-fp-d} command-line option, Z80
83 @item -fp-d=@var{FORMAT}
84 Double precision floating point numbers format. Default: ieee754 (64 bit).
88 Floating point numbers formats.
91 Single or double precision IEEE754 compatible format.
94 Half precision IEEE754 compatible format (16 bits).
97 Single precision IEEE754 compatible format (32 bits).
100 Double precision IEEE754 compatible format (64 bits).
103 32 bit floating point format from z80float library by Zeda.
106 48 bit floating point format from Math48 package by Anders Hejlsberg.
112 The assembler syntax closely follows the 'Z80 family CPU User Manual' by
114 In expressions a single @samp{=} may be used as ``is equal to''
117 Suffices can be used to indicate the radix of integer constants;
118 @samp{H} or @samp{h} for hexadecimal, @samp{D} or @samp{d} for decimal,
119 @samp{Q}, @samp{O}, @samp{q} or @samp{o} for octal, and @samp{B} for
122 The suffix @samp{b} denotes a backreference to local label.
125 * Z80-Chars:: Special Characters
126 * Z80-Regs:: Register Names
127 * Z80-Case:: Case Sensitivity
128 * Z80-Labels:: Labels
132 @subsection Special Characters
134 @cindex line comment character, Z80
135 @cindex Z80 line comment character
136 The semicolon @samp{;} is the line comment character;
138 If a @samp{#} appears as the first character of a line then the whole
139 line is treated as a comment, but in this case the line could also be
140 a logical line number directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor
141 control command (@pxref{Preprocessing}).
143 @cindex line separator, Z80
144 @cindex statement separator, Z80
145 @cindex Z80 line separator
146 The Z80 assembler does not support a line separator character.
148 @cindex location counter, Z80
149 @cindex hexadecimal prefix, Z80
151 The dollar sign @samp{$} can be used as a prefix for hexadecimal numbers
152 and as a symbol denoting the current location counter.
154 @cindex character escapes, Z80
156 A backslash @samp{\} is an ordinary character for the Z80 assembler.
158 @cindex character constant, Z80
159 @cindex single quote, Z80
161 The single quote @samp{'} must be followed by a closing quote. If there
162 is one character in between, it is a character constant, otherwise it is
166 @subsection Register Names
167 @cindex Z80 registers
168 @cindex register names, Z80
170 The registers are referred to with the letters assigned to them by
171 Zilog. In addition @command{@value{AS}} recognizes @samp{ixl} and
172 @samp{ixh} as the least and most significant octet in @samp{ix}, and
173 similarly @samp{iyl} and @samp{iyh} as parts of @samp{iy}.
175 @c The @samp{'} in @samp{ex af,af'} may be omitted.
178 @subsection Case Sensitivity
179 @cindex Z80, case sensitivity
180 @cindex case sensitivity, Z80
182 Upper and lower case are equivalent in register names, opcodes,
183 condition codes and assembler directives.
184 The case of letters is significant in labels and symbol names. The case
185 is also important to distinguish the suffix @samp{b} for a backward reference
186 to a local label from the suffix @samp{B} for a number in binary notation.
193 Labels started by @code{.L} acts as local labels. You may specify custom local
194 label prefix by @code{-local-prefix} command-line option.
195 Dollar, forward and backward local labels are supported. By default, all labels
196 are followed by colon.
197 Legacy code with colonless labels can be built with @code{-colonless}
198 command-line option specified. In this case all tokens at line begin are treated
201 @node Z80 Floating Point
202 @section Floating Point
203 @cindex floating point, Z80
204 @cindex Z80 floating point
205 Floating-point numbers of following types are supported:
209 Supported half, single and double precision IEEE754 compatible numbers.
212 32 bit floating point numbers from z80float library by Zeda.
215 48 bit floating point numbers from Math48 package by Anders Hejlsberg.
219 @section Z80 Assembler Directives
220 @cindex Z80-only directives
222 @command{@value{AS}} for the Z80 supports some additional directives for
223 compatibility with other assemblers.
225 These are the additional directives in @code{@value{AS}} for the Z80:
228 @item @code{.assume ADL = @var{expression}}
229 @cindex @code{.assume} directive, Z80
230 Set ADL status for eZ80. Non-zero value enable compilation in ADL mode else
231 used Z80 mode. ADL and Z80 mode produces incompatible object code. Mixing
232 both of them within one binary may lead problems with disassembler.
234 @item @code{db @var{expression}|@var{string}[,@var{expression}|@var{string}...]}
235 @cindex @code{db} directive, Z80
236 @itemx @code{defb @var{expression}|@var{string}[,@var{expression}|@var{string}...]}
237 @cindex @code{defb} directive, Z80
238 @itemx @code{defm @var{string}[,@var{string}...]}
239 @cindex @code{defm} directive, Z80
240 For each @var{string} the characters are copied to the object file, for
241 each other @var{expression} the value is stored in one byte.
242 A warning is issued in case of an overflow.
243 Backslash symbol in the strings is generic symbol, it cannot be used as
244 escape character. @xref{Ascii,,@code{.ascii}}.
246 @item @code{dw @var{expression}[,@var{expression}...]}
247 @cindex @code{dw} directive, Z80
248 @itemx @code{defw @var{expression}[,@var{expression}...]}
249 @cindex @code{defw} directive, Z80
250 For each @var{expression} the value is stored in two bytes, ignoring
253 @item @code{d24 @var{expression}[,@var{expression}...]}
254 @cindex @code{d24} directive, Z80
255 @itemx @code{def24 @var{expression}[,@var{expression}...]}
256 @cindex @code{def24} directive, Z80
257 For each @var{expression} the value is stored in three bytes, ignoring
260 @item @code{d32 @var{expression}[,@var{expression}...]}
261 @cindex @code{d32} directive, Z80
262 @itemx @code{def32 @var{expression}[,@var{expression}...]}
263 @cindex @code{def32} directive, Z80
264 For each @var{expression} the value is stored in four bytes, ignoring
267 @item @code{ds @var{count}[, @var{value}]}
268 @cindex @code{ds} directive, Z80
269 @itemx @code{defs @var{count}[, @var{value}]}
270 @cindex @code{defs} directive, Z80
271 @c Synonyms for @code{ds.b},
272 @c which should have been described elsewhere
273 Fill @var{count} bytes in the object file with @var{value}, if
274 @var{value} is omitted it defaults to zero.
276 @item @code{@var{symbol} defl @var{expression}}
277 @cindex @code{defl} directive, Z80
278 The @code{defl} directive is like @code{.set} but with different
279 syntax. @xref{Set,,@code{.set}}.
280 It set the value of @var{symbol} to @var{expression}. Symbols defined
281 with @code{defl} are not protected from redefinition.
283 @item @code{@var{symbol} equ @var{expression}}
284 @cindex @code{equ} directive, Z80
285 The @code{equ} directive is like @code{.equiv} but with different
286 syntax. @xref{Equiv, ,@code{.equiv}}.
287 It set the value of @var{symbol} to @var{expression}. It is an error
288 if @var{symbol} is already defined. Symbols defined with @code{equ}
289 are not protected from redefinition.
291 @item @code{psect @var{name}}
292 @cindex @code{psect} directive, Z80
293 A synonym for @code{.section}, no second argument should be given.
294 @xref{Section,,@code{.section}}.
296 @item @code{xdef @var{symbol}}
297 @cindex @code{xdef} directive, Z80
298 A synonym for @code{.global}, make @var{symbol} is visible to linker.
299 @xref{Global,,@code{.global}}.
301 @item @code{xref @var{name}}
302 @cindex @code{xref} directive, Z80
303 A synonym for @code{.extern} (@ref{Extern,,@code{.extern}}).
306 The following attributes will possibly be recognized in the future
309 The section is to be absolute. @code{@value{AS}} will issue an error
310 message because it can not produce an absolute section.
312 The section is to be concatenated with other sections of the same name
313 by the linker, this is the default.
315 The section is not global. @code{@value{AS}} will issue a warning if
316 object file format is not soff.
318 The section is to be overlapped with other sections of the same name by
319 the linker. @code{@value{AS}} will issue an error message
320 because it can not mark a section as such.
322 The section is marked as read only.
330 In line with common practice, Z80 mnemonics are used for the Z80,
331 Z80N, Z180, eZ80, Ascii R800 and the GameBoy Z80.
333 In many instructions it is possible to use one of the half index
334 registers (@samp{ixl},@samp{ixh},@samp{iyl},@samp{iyh}) in stead of an
335 8-bit general purpose register. This yields instructions that are
336 documented on the eZ80 and the R800, undocumented on the Z80 and
337 unsupported on the Z180.
338 Similarly @code{in f,(c)} is documented on the R800, undocumented on
339 the Z80 and unsupported on the Z180 and the eZ80.
341 The assembler also supports the following undocumented Z80-instructions,
342 that have not been adopted in any other instruction set:
345 Sends zero to the port pointed to by register @code{C}.
348 Equivalent to @code{@var{m} = (@var{m}<<1)+1}, the operand @var{m} can
349 be any operand that is valid for @samp{sla}. One can use @samp{sll} as a
350 synonym for @samp{sli}.
352 @item @var{op} (ix+@var{d}), @var{r}
353 This is equivalent to
356 ld @var{r}, (ix+@var{d})
358 ld (ix+@var{d}), @var{r}
361 The operation @samp{@var{op}} may be any of @samp{res @var{b},},
362 @samp{set @var{b},}, @samp{rl}, @samp{rlc}, @samp{rr}, @samp{rrc},
363 @samp{sla}, @samp{sli}, @samp{sra} and @samp{srl}, and the register
364 @samp{@var{r}} may be any of @samp{a}, @samp{b}, @samp{c}, @samp{d},
365 @samp{e}, @samp{h} and @samp{l}.
367 @item @var{op} (iy+@var{d}), @var{r}
368 As above, but with @samp{iy} instead of @samp{ix}.
371 The web site at @uref{http://www.z80.info} is a good starting place to
372 find more information on programming the Z80.
374 You may enable or disable any of these instructions for any target CPU
375 even this instruction is not supported by any real CPU of this type.
376 Useful for custom CPU cores.