Fix RELOC_FOR_GLOBAL_SYMBOLS macro so that it can cope with user defined symbols...

[binutils-gdb.git] / bfd / peXXigen.c

/* Support for the generic parts of PE/PEI; the common executable parts.
   Copyright (C) 1995-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Written by Cygnus Solutions.

   This file is part of BFD, the Binary File Descriptor library.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston,
   MA 02110-1301, USA.  */


/* Most of this hacked by Steve Chamberlain <sac@cygnus.com>.

   PE/PEI rearrangement (and code added): Donn Terry
                                          Softway Systems, Inc.  */

/* Hey look, some documentation [and in a place you expect to find it]!

   The main reference for the pei format is "Microsoft Portable Executable
   and Common Object File Format Specification 4.1".  Get it if you need to
   do some serious hacking on this code.

   Another reference:
   "Peering Inside the PE: A Tour of the Win32 Portable Executable
   File Format", MSJ 1994, Volume 9.

   The PE/PEI format is also used by .NET. ECMA-335 describes this:

   "Standard ECMA-335 Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)", 6th Edition, June 2012.

   This is also available at
   https://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/ECMA-335.pdf.

   The *sole* difference between the pe format and the pei format is that the
   latter has an MSDOS 2.0 .exe header on the front that prints the message
   "This app must be run under Windows." (or some such).
   (FIXME: Whether that statement is *really* true or not is unknown.
   Are there more subtle differences between pe and pei formats?
   For now assume there aren't.  If you find one, then for God sakes
   document it here!)

   The Microsoft docs use the word "image" instead of "executable" because
   the former can also refer to a DLL (shared library).  Confusion can arise
   because the `i' in `pei' also refers to "image".  The `pe' format can
   also create images (i.e. executables), it's just that to run on a win32
   system you need to use the pei format.

   FIXME: Please add more docs here so the next poor fool that has to hack
   on this code has a chance of getting something accomplished without
   wasting too much time.  */

/* This expands into COFF_WITH_pe, COFF_WITH_pep, COFF_WITH_pex64,
   COFF_WITH_peAArch64 or COFF_WITH_peLoongArch64 or COFF_WITH_peRiscV64
   depending on whether we're compiling for straight PE or PE+.  */
#define COFF_WITH_XX

#include "sysdep.h"
#include "bfd.h"
#include "libbfd.h"
#include "coff/internal.h"
#include "bfdver.h"
#include "libiberty.h"
#include <wchar.h>
#include <wctype.h>

/* NOTE: it's strange to be including an architecture specific header
   in what's supposed to be general (to PE/PEI) code.  However, that's
   where the definitions are, and they don't vary per architecture
   within PE/PEI, so we get them from there.  FIXME: The lack of
   variance is an assumption which may prove to be incorrect if new
   PE/PEI targets are created.  */
#if defined COFF_WITH_pex64
# include "coff/x86_64.h"
#elif defined COFF_WITH_pep
# include "coff/ia64.h"
#elif defined COFF_WITH_peAArch64
# include "coff/aarch64.h"
#elif defined COFF_WITH_peLoongArch64
# include "coff/loongarch64.h"
#elif defined COFF_WITH_peRiscV64
# include "coff/riscv64.h"
#else
# include "coff/i386.h"
#endif

#include "coff/pe.h"
#include "libcoff.h"
#include "libpei.h"
#include "safe-ctype.h"

#if defined COFF_WITH_pep || defined COFF_WITH_pex64 || defined COFF_WITH_peAArch64 || defined COFF_WITH_peLoongArch64 || defined COFF_WITH_peRiscV64
# undef AOUTSZ
# define AOUTSZ         PEPAOUTSZ
# define PEAOUTHDR      PEPAOUTHDR
#endif

#define HighBitSet(val)      ((val) & 0x80000000)
#define SetHighBit(val)      ((val) | 0x80000000)
#define WithoutHighBit(val)  ((val) & 0x7fffffff)
\f
void
_bfd_XXi_swap_sym_in (bfd * abfd, void * ext1, void * in1)
{
  SYMENT *ext = (SYMENT *) ext1;
  struct internal_syment *in = (struct internal_syment *) in1;

  if (ext->e.e_name[0] == 0)
    {
      in->_n._n_n._n_zeroes = 0;
      in->_n._n_n._n_offset = H_GET_32 (abfd, ext->e.e.e_offset);
    }
  else
    memcpy (in->_n._n_name, ext->e.e_name, SYMNMLEN);

  in->n_value = H_GET_32 (abfd, ext->e_value);
  in->n_scnum = (short) H_GET_16 (abfd, ext->e_scnum);

  if (sizeof (ext->e_type) == 2)
    in->n_type = H_GET_16 (abfd, ext->e_type);
  else
    in->n_type = H_GET_32 (abfd, ext->e_type);

  in->n_sclass = H_GET_8 (abfd, ext->e_sclass);
  in->n_numaux = H_GET_8 (abfd, ext->e_numaux);

#ifndef STRICT_PE_FORMAT
  /* This is for Gnu-created DLLs.  */

  /* The section symbols for the .idata$ sections have class 0x68
     (C_SECTION), which MS documentation indicates is a section
     symbol.  Unfortunately, the value field in the symbol is simply a
     copy of the .idata section's flags rather than something useful.
     When these symbols are encountered, change the value to 0 so that
     they will be handled somewhat correctly in the bfd code.  */
  if (in->n_sclass == C_SECTION)
    {
      char namebuf[SYMNMLEN + 1];
      const char *name = NULL;

      in->n_value = 0x0;

      /* Create synthetic empty sections as needed.  DJ */
      if (in->n_scnum == 0)
        {
          asection *sec;

          name = _bfd_coff_internal_syment_name (abfd, in, namebuf);
          if (name == NULL)
            {
              _bfd_error_handler (_("%pB: unable to find name for empty section"),
                                  abfd);
              bfd_set_error (bfd_error_invalid_target);
              return;
            }

          sec = bfd_get_section_by_name (abfd, name);
          if (sec != NULL)
            in->n_scnum = sec->target_index;
        }

      if (in->n_scnum == 0)
        {
          int unused_section_number = 0;
          asection *sec;
          flagword flags;
          size_t name_len;
          char *sec_name;

          for (sec = abfd->sections; sec; sec = sec->next)
            if (unused_section_number <= sec->target_index)
              unused_section_number = sec->target_index + 1;

          name_len = strlen (name) + 1;
          sec_name = bfd_alloc (abfd, name_len);
          if (sec_name == NULL)
            {
              _bfd_error_handler (_("%pB: out of memory creating name "
                                    "for empty section"), abfd);
              return;
            }
          memcpy (sec_name, name, name_len);

          flags = (SEC_HAS_CONTENTS | SEC_ALLOC | SEC_DATA | SEC_LOAD
                   | SEC_LINKER_CREATED);
          sec = bfd_make_section_anyway_with_flags (abfd, sec_name, flags);
          if (sec == NULL)
            {
              _bfd_error_handler (_("%pB: unable to create fake empty section"),
                                  abfd);
              return;
            }

          sec->alignment_power = 2;
          sec->target_index = unused_section_number;

          in->n_scnum = unused_section_number;
        }
      in->n_sclass = C_STAT;
    }
#endif
}

static bool
abs_finder (bfd * abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, asection * sec, void * data)
{
  bfd_vma abs_val = * (bfd_vma *) data;

  return (sec->vma <= abs_val) && ((sec->vma + (1ULL << 32)) > abs_val);
}

unsigned int
_bfd_XXi_swap_sym_out (bfd * abfd, void * inp, void * extp)
{
  struct internal_syment *in = (struct internal_syment *) inp;
  SYMENT *ext = (SYMENT *) extp;

  if (in->_n._n_name[0] == 0)
    {
      H_PUT_32 (abfd, 0, ext->e.e.e_zeroes);
      H_PUT_32 (abfd, in->_n._n_n._n_offset, ext->e.e.e_offset);
    }
  else
    memcpy (ext->e.e_name, in->_n._n_name, SYMNMLEN);

  /* The PE32 and PE32+ formats only use 4 bytes to hold the value of a
     symbol.  This is a problem on 64-bit targets where we can generate
     absolute symbols with values >= 1^32.  We try to work around this
     problem by finding a section whose base address is sufficient to
     reduce the absolute value to < 1^32, and then transforming the
     symbol into a section relative symbol.  This of course is a hack.  */
  if (sizeof (in->n_value) > 4
      /* The strange computation of the shift amount is here in order to
         avoid a compile time warning about the comparison always being
         false.  It does not matter if this test fails to work as expected
         as the worst that can happen is that some absolute symbols are
         needlessly converted into section relative symbols.  */
      && in->n_value > ((1ULL << (sizeof (in->n_value) > 4 ? 32 : 31)) - 1)
      && in->n_scnum == N_ABS)
    {
      asection * sec;

      sec = bfd_sections_find_if (abfd, abs_finder, & in->n_value);
      if (sec)
        {
          in->n_value -= sec->vma;
          in->n_scnum = sec->target_index;
        }
      /* else: FIXME: The value is outside the range of any section.  This
         happens for __image_base__ and __ImageBase and maybe some other
         symbols as well.  We should find a way to handle these values.  */
    }

  H_PUT_32 (abfd, in->n_value, ext->e_value);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, in->n_scnum, ext->e_scnum);

  if (sizeof (ext->e_type) == 2)
    H_PUT_16 (abfd, in->n_type, ext->e_type);
  else
    H_PUT_32 (abfd, in->n_type, ext->e_type);

  H_PUT_8 (abfd, in->n_sclass, ext->e_sclass);
  H_PUT_8 (abfd, in->n_numaux, ext->e_numaux);

  return SYMESZ;
}

void
_bfd_XXi_swap_aux_in (bfd *     abfd,
                      void *    ext1,
                      int       type,
                      int       in_class,
                      int       indx ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
                      int       numaux ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
                      void *    in1)
{
  AUXENT *ext = (AUXENT *) ext1;
  union internal_auxent *in = (union internal_auxent *) in1;

  /* PR 17521: Make sure that all fields in the aux structure
     are initialised.  */
  memset (in, 0, sizeof * in);
  switch (in_class)
    {
    case C_FILE:
      if (ext->x_file.x_fname[0] == 0)
        {
          in->x_file.x_n.x_n.x_zeroes = 0;
          in->x_file.x_n.x_n.x_offset = H_GET_32 (abfd, ext->x_file.x_n.x_offset);
        }
      else
        memcpy (in->x_file.x_n.x_fname, ext->x_file.x_fname, FILNMLEN);
      return;

    case C_STAT:
    case C_LEAFSTAT:
    case C_HIDDEN:
      if (type == T_NULL)
        {
          in->x_scn.x_scnlen = GET_SCN_SCNLEN (abfd, ext);
          in->x_scn.x_nreloc = GET_SCN_NRELOC (abfd, ext);
          in->x_scn.x_nlinno = GET_SCN_NLINNO (abfd, ext);
          in->x_scn.x_checksum = H_GET_32 (abfd, ext->x_scn.x_checksum);
          in->x_scn.x_associated = H_GET_16 (abfd, ext->x_scn.x_associated);
          in->x_scn.x_comdat = H_GET_8 (abfd, ext->x_scn.x_comdat);
          return;
        }
      break;
    }

  in->x_sym.x_tagndx.u32 = H_GET_32 (abfd, ext->x_sym.x_tagndx);
  in->x_sym.x_tvndx = H_GET_16 (abfd, ext->x_sym.x_tvndx);

  if (in_class == C_BLOCK || in_class == C_FCN || ISFCN (type)
      || ISTAG (in_class))
    {
      in->x_sym.x_fcnary.x_fcn.x_lnnoptr = GET_FCN_LNNOPTR (abfd, ext);
      in->x_sym.x_fcnary.x_fcn.x_endndx.u32 = GET_FCN_ENDNDX (abfd, ext);
    }
  else
    {
      in->x_sym.x_fcnary.x_ary.x_dimen[0] =
        H_GET_16 (abfd, ext->x_sym.x_fcnary.x_ary.x_dimen[0]);
      in->x_sym.x_fcnary.x_ary.x_dimen[1] =
        H_GET_16 (abfd, ext->x_sym.x_fcnary.x_ary.x_dimen[1]);
      in->x_sym.x_fcnary.x_ary.x_dimen[2] =
        H_GET_16 (abfd, ext->x_sym.x_fcnary.x_ary.x_dimen[2]);
      in->x_sym.x_fcnary.x_ary.x_dimen[3] =
        H_GET_16 (abfd, ext->x_sym.x_fcnary.x_ary.x_dimen[3]);
    }

  if (ISFCN (type))
    {
      in->x_sym.x_misc.x_fsize = H_GET_32 (abfd, ext->x_sym.x_misc.x_fsize);
    }
  else
    {
      in->x_sym.x_misc.x_lnsz.x_lnno = GET_LNSZ_LNNO (abfd, ext);
      in->x_sym.x_misc.x_lnsz.x_size = GET_LNSZ_SIZE (abfd, ext);
    }
}

unsigned int
_bfd_XXi_swap_aux_out (bfd *  abfd,
                       void * inp,
                       int    type,
                       int    in_class,
                       int    indx ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
                       int    numaux ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
                       void * extp)
{
  union internal_auxent *in = (union internal_auxent *) inp;
  AUXENT *ext = (AUXENT *) extp;

  memset (ext, 0, AUXESZ);

  switch (in_class)
    {
    case C_FILE:
      if (in->x_file.x_n.x_fname[0] == 0)
        {
          H_PUT_32 (abfd, 0, ext->x_file.x_n.x_zeroes);
          H_PUT_32 (abfd, in->x_file.x_n.x_n.x_offset, ext->x_file.x_n.x_offset);
        }
      else
        memcpy (ext->x_file.x_fname, in->x_file.x_n.x_fname, sizeof (ext->x_file.x_fname));

      return AUXESZ;

    case C_STAT:
    case C_LEAFSTAT:
    case C_HIDDEN:
      if (type == T_NULL)
        {
          PUT_SCN_SCNLEN (abfd, in->x_scn.x_scnlen, ext);
          PUT_SCN_NRELOC (abfd, in->x_scn.x_nreloc, ext);
          PUT_SCN_NLINNO (abfd, in->x_scn.x_nlinno, ext);
          H_PUT_32 (abfd, in->x_scn.x_checksum, ext->x_scn.x_checksum);
          H_PUT_16 (abfd, in->x_scn.x_associated, ext->x_scn.x_associated);
          H_PUT_8 (abfd, in->x_scn.x_comdat, ext->x_scn.x_comdat);
          return AUXESZ;
        }
      break;
    }

  H_PUT_32 (abfd, in->x_sym.x_tagndx.u32, ext->x_sym.x_tagndx);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, in->x_sym.x_tvndx, ext->x_sym.x_tvndx);

  if (in_class == C_BLOCK || in_class == C_FCN || ISFCN (type)
      || ISTAG (in_class))
    {
      PUT_FCN_LNNOPTR (abfd, in->x_sym.x_fcnary.x_fcn.x_lnnoptr,  ext);
      PUT_FCN_ENDNDX  (abfd, in->x_sym.x_fcnary.x_fcn.x_endndx.u32, ext);
    }
  else
    {
      H_PUT_16 (abfd, in->x_sym.x_fcnary.x_ary.x_dimen[0],
                ext->x_sym.x_fcnary.x_ary.x_dimen[0]);
      H_PUT_16 (abfd, in->x_sym.x_fcnary.x_ary.x_dimen[1],
                ext->x_sym.x_fcnary.x_ary.x_dimen[1]);
      H_PUT_16 (abfd, in->x_sym.x_fcnary.x_ary.x_dimen[2],
                ext->x_sym.x_fcnary.x_ary.x_dimen[2]);
      H_PUT_16 (abfd, in->x_sym.x_fcnary.x_ary.x_dimen[3],
                ext->x_sym.x_fcnary.x_ary.x_dimen[3]);
    }

  if (ISFCN (type))
    H_PUT_32 (abfd, in->x_sym.x_misc.x_fsize, ext->x_sym.x_misc.x_fsize);
  else
    {
      PUT_LNSZ_LNNO (abfd, in->x_sym.x_misc.x_lnsz.x_lnno, ext);
      PUT_LNSZ_SIZE (abfd, in->x_sym.x_misc.x_lnsz.x_size, ext);
    }

  return AUXESZ;
}

void
_bfd_XXi_swap_lineno_in (bfd * abfd, void * ext1, void * in1)
{
  LINENO *ext = (LINENO *) ext1;
  struct internal_lineno *in = (struct internal_lineno *) in1;

  in->l_addr.l_symndx = H_GET_32 (abfd, ext->l_addr.l_symndx);
  in->l_lnno = GET_LINENO_LNNO (abfd, ext);
}

unsigned int
_bfd_XXi_swap_lineno_out (bfd * abfd, void * inp, void * outp)
{
  struct internal_lineno *in = (struct internal_lineno *) inp;
  struct external_lineno *ext = (struct external_lineno *) outp;
  H_PUT_32 (abfd, in->l_addr.l_symndx, ext->l_addr.l_symndx);

  PUT_LINENO_LNNO (abfd, in->l_lnno, ext);
  return LINESZ;
}

void
_bfd_XXi_swap_aouthdr_in (bfd * abfd,
                          void * aouthdr_ext1,
                          void * aouthdr_int1)
{
  PEAOUTHDR * src = (PEAOUTHDR *) aouthdr_ext1;
  AOUTHDR * aouthdr_ext = (AOUTHDR *) aouthdr_ext1;
  struct internal_aouthdr *aouthdr_int
    = (struct internal_aouthdr *) aouthdr_int1;
  struct internal_extra_pe_aouthdr *a = &aouthdr_int->pe;

  aouthdr_int->magic = H_GET_16 (abfd, aouthdr_ext->magic);
  aouthdr_int->vstamp = H_GET_16 (abfd, aouthdr_ext->vstamp);
  aouthdr_int->tsize = GET_AOUTHDR_TSIZE (abfd, aouthdr_ext->tsize);
  aouthdr_int->dsize = GET_AOUTHDR_DSIZE (abfd, aouthdr_ext->dsize);
  aouthdr_int->bsize = GET_AOUTHDR_BSIZE (abfd, aouthdr_ext->bsize);
  aouthdr_int->entry = GET_AOUTHDR_ENTRY (abfd, aouthdr_ext->entry);
  aouthdr_int->text_start =
    GET_AOUTHDR_TEXT_START (abfd, aouthdr_ext->text_start);

#if !defined(COFF_WITH_pep) && !defined(COFF_WITH_pex64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peAArch64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peLoongArch64) && !defined (COFF_WITH_peRiscV64)
  /* PE32+ does not have data_start member!  */
  aouthdr_int->data_start =
    GET_AOUTHDR_DATA_START (abfd, aouthdr_ext->data_start);
  a->BaseOfData = aouthdr_int->data_start;
#endif

  a->Magic = aouthdr_int->magic;
  a->MajorLinkerVersion = H_GET_8 (abfd, aouthdr_ext->vstamp);
  a->MinorLinkerVersion = H_GET_8 (abfd, aouthdr_ext->vstamp + 1);
  a->SizeOfCode = aouthdr_int->tsize ;
  a->SizeOfInitializedData = aouthdr_int->dsize ;
  a->SizeOfUninitializedData = aouthdr_int->bsize ;
  a->AddressOfEntryPoint = aouthdr_int->entry;
  a->BaseOfCode = aouthdr_int->text_start;
  a->ImageBase = GET_OPTHDR_IMAGE_BASE (abfd, src->ImageBase);
  a->SectionAlignment = H_GET_32 (abfd, src->SectionAlignment);
  a->FileAlignment = H_GET_32 (abfd, src->FileAlignment);
  a->MajorOperatingSystemVersion =
    H_GET_16 (abfd, src->MajorOperatingSystemVersion);
  a->MinorOperatingSystemVersion =
    H_GET_16 (abfd, src->MinorOperatingSystemVersion);
  a->MajorImageVersion = H_GET_16 (abfd, src->MajorImageVersion);
  a->MinorImageVersion = H_GET_16 (abfd, src->MinorImageVersion);
  a->MajorSubsystemVersion = H_GET_16 (abfd, src->MajorSubsystemVersion);
  a->MinorSubsystemVersion = H_GET_16 (abfd, src->MinorSubsystemVersion);
  a->Reserved1 = H_GET_32 (abfd, src->Reserved1);
  a->SizeOfImage = H_GET_32 (abfd, src->SizeOfImage);
  a->SizeOfHeaders = H_GET_32 (abfd, src->SizeOfHeaders);
  a->CheckSum = H_GET_32 (abfd, src->CheckSum);
  a->Subsystem = H_GET_16 (abfd, src->Subsystem);
  a->DllCharacteristics = H_GET_16 (abfd, src->DllCharacteristics);
  a->SizeOfStackReserve =
    GET_OPTHDR_SIZE_OF_STACK_RESERVE (abfd, src->SizeOfStackReserve);
  a->SizeOfStackCommit =
    GET_OPTHDR_SIZE_OF_STACK_COMMIT (abfd, src->SizeOfStackCommit);
  a->SizeOfHeapReserve =
    GET_OPTHDR_SIZE_OF_HEAP_RESERVE (abfd, src->SizeOfHeapReserve);
  a->SizeOfHeapCommit =
    GET_OPTHDR_SIZE_OF_HEAP_COMMIT (abfd, src->SizeOfHeapCommit);
  a->LoaderFlags = H_GET_32 (abfd, src->LoaderFlags);
  a->NumberOfRvaAndSizes = H_GET_32 (abfd, src->NumberOfRvaAndSizes);

  /* PR 17512: Don't blindly trust NumberOfRvaAndSizes.  */
  unsigned idx;
  for (idx = 0;
       idx < a->NumberOfRvaAndSizes && idx < IMAGE_NUMBEROF_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES;
       idx++)
    {
      /* If data directory is empty, rva also should be 0.  */
      int size = H_GET_32 (abfd, src->DataDirectory[idx][1]);
      int vma = size ? H_GET_32 (abfd, src->DataDirectory[idx][0]) : 0;

      a->DataDirectory[idx].Size = size;
      a->DataDirectory[idx].VirtualAddress = vma;
    }

  while (idx < IMAGE_NUMBEROF_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES)
    {
      a->DataDirectory[idx].Size = 0;
      a->DataDirectory[idx].VirtualAddress = 0;
      idx++;
    }

  if (aouthdr_int->entry)
    {
      aouthdr_int->entry += a->ImageBase;
#if !defined(COFF_WITH_pep) && !defined(COFF_WITH_pex64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peAArch64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peLoongArch64) && !defined (COFF_WITH_peRiscV64)
      aouthdr_int->entry &= 0xffffffff;
#endif
    }

  if (aouthdr_int->tsize)
    {
      aouthdr_int->text_start += a->ImageBase;
#if !defined(COFF_WITH_pep) && !defined(COFF_WITH_pex64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peAArch64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peLoongArch64) && !defined (COFF_WITH_peRiscV64)
      aouthdr_int->text_start &= 0xffffffff;
#endif
    }

#if !defined(COFF_WITH_pep) && !defined(COFF_WITH_pex64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peAArch64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peLoongArch64) && !defined (COFF_WITH_peRiscV64)
  /* PE32+ does not have data_start member!  */
  if (aouthdr_int->dsize)
    {
      aouthdr_int->data_start += a->ImageBase;
      aouthdr_int->data_start &= 0xffffffff;
    }
#endif
}

/* A support function for below.  */

static void
add_data_entry (bfd * abfd,
                struct internal_extra_pe_aouthdr *aout,
                int idx,
                char *name,
                bfd_vma base)
{
  asection *sec = bfd_get_section_by_name (abfd, name);

  /* Add import directory information if it exists.  */
  if ((sec != NULL)
      && (coff_section_data (abfd, sec) != NULL)
      && (pei_section_data (abfd, sec) != NULL))
    {
      /* If data directory is empty, rva also should be 0.  */
      int size = pei_section_data (abfd, sec)->virt_size;
      aout->DataDirectory[idx].Size = size;

      if (size)
        {
          aout->DataDirectory[idx].VirtualAddress =
            (sec->vma - base) & 0xffffffff;
          sec->flags |= SEC_DATA;
        }
    }
}

unsigned int
_bfd_XXi_swap_aouthdr_out (bfd * abfd, void * in, void * out)
{
  struct internal_aouthdr *aouthdr_in = (struct internal_aouthdr *) in;
  pe_data_type *pe = pe_data (abfd);
  struct internal_extra_pe_aouthdr *extra = &pe->pe_opthdr;
  PEAOUTHDR *aouthdr_out = (PEAOUTHDR *) out;
  bfd_vma sa, fa, ib;
  IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY idata2, idata5, tls;

  sa = extra->SectionAlignment;
  fa = extra->FileAlignment;
  ib = extra->ImageBase;

  idata2 = pe->pe_opthdr.DataDirectory[PE_IMPORT_TABLE];
  idata5 = pe->pe_opthdr.DataDirectory[PE_IMPORT_ADDRESS_TABLE];
  tls = pe->pe_opthdr.DataDirectory[PE_TLS_TABLE];

  if (aouthdr_in->tsize)
    {
      aouthdr_in->text_start -= ib;
#if !defined(COFF_WITH_pep) && !defined(COFF_WITH_pex64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peAArch64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peLoongArch64) && !defined (COFF_WITH_peRiscV64)
      aouthdr_in->text_start &= 0xffffffff;
#endif
    }

  if (aouthdr_in->dsize)
    {
      aouthdr_in->data_start -= ib;
#if !defined(COFF_WITH_pep) && !defined(COFF_WITH_pex64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peAArch64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peLoongArch64) && !defined (COFF_WITH_peRiscV64)
      aouthdr_in->data_start &= 0xffffffff;
#endif
    }

  if (aouthdr_in->entry)
    {
      aouthdr_in->entry -= ib;
#if !defined(COFF_WITH_pep) && !defined(COFF_WITH_pex64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peAArch64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peLoongArch64) && !defined (COFF_WITH_peRiscV64)
      aouthdr_in->entry &= 0xffffffff;
#endif
    }

#define FA(x) (((x) + fa -1 ) & (- fa))
#define SA(x) (((x) + sa -1 ) & (- sa))

  /* We like to have the sizes aligned.  */
  aouthdr_in->bsize = FA (aouthdr_in->bsize);

  extra->NumberOfRvaAndSizes = IMAGE_NUMBEROF_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES;

  add_data_entry (abfd, extra, PE_EXPORT_TABLE, ".edata", ib);
  add_data_entry (abfd, extra, PE_RESOURCE_TABLE, ".rsrc", ib);
  add_data_entry (abfd, extra, PE_EXCEPTION_TABLE, ".pdata", ib);

  /* In theory we do not need to call add_data_entry for .idata$2 or
     .idata$5.  It will be done in bfd_coff_final_link where all the
     required information is available.  If however, we are not going
     to perform a final link, eg because we have been invoked by objcopy
     or strip, then we need to make sure that these Data Directory
     entries are initialised properly.

     So - we copy the input values into the output values, and then, if
     a final link is going to be performed, it can overwrite them.  */
  extra->DataDirectory[PE_IMPORT_TABLE]  = idata2;
  extra->DataDirectory[PE_IMPORT_ADDRESS_TABLE] = idata5;
  extra->DataDirectory[PE_TLS_TABLE] = tls;

  if (extra->DataDirectory[PE_IMPORT_TABLE].VirtualAddress == 0)
    /* Until other .idata fixes are made (pending patch), the entry for
       .idata is needed for backwards compatibility.  FIXME.  */
    add_data_entry (abfd, extra, PE_IMPORT_TABLE, ".idata", ib);

  /* For some reason, the virtual size (which is what's set by
     add_data_entry) for .reloc is not the same as the size recorded
     in this slot by MSVC; it doesn't seem to cause problems (so far),
     but since it's the best we've got, use it.  It does do the right
     thing for .pdata.  */
  if (pe->has_reloc_section)
    add_data_entry (abfd, extra, PE_BASE_RELOCATION_TABLE, ".reloc", ib);

  {
    asection *sec;
    bfd_vma hsize = 0;
    bfd_vma dsize = 0;
    bfd_vma isize = 0;
    bfd_vma tsize = 0;

    for (sec = abfd->sections; sec; sec = sec->next)
      {
        int rounded = FA (sec->size);

        if (rounded == 0)
          continue;

        /* The first non-zero section filepos is the header size.
           Sections without contents will have a filepos of 0.  */
        if (hsize == 0)
          hsize = sec->filepos;
        if (sec->flags & SEC_DATA)
          dsize += rounded;
        if (sec->flags & SEC_CODE)
          tsize += rounded;
        /* The image size is the total VIRTUAL size (which is what is
           in the virt_size field).  Files have been seen (from MSVC
           5.0 link.exe) where the file size of the .data segment is
           quite small compared to the virtual size.  Without this
           fix, strip munges the file.

           FIXME: We need to handle holes between sections, which may
           happpen when we covert from another format.  We just use
           the virtual address and virtual size of the last section
           for the image size.  */
        if (coff_section_data (abfd, sec) != NULL
            && pei_section_data (abfd, sec) != NULL)
          isize = (sec->vma - extra->ImageBase
                   + SA (FA (pei_section_data (abfd, sec)->virt_size)));
      }

    aouthdr_in->dsize = dsize;
    aouthdr_in->tsize = tsize;
    extra->SizeOfHeaders = hsize;
    extra->SizeOfImage = isize;
  }

  H_PUT_16 (abfd, aouthdr_in->magic, aouthdr_out->standard.magic);

  if (extra->MajorLinkerVersion || extra->MinorLinkerVersion)
    {
      H_PUT_8 (abfd, extra->MajorLinkerVersion,
               aouthdr_out->standard.vstamp);
      H_PUT_8 (abfd, extra->MinorLinkerVersion,
               aouthdr_out->standard.vstamp + 1);
    }
  else
    {
/* e.g. 219510000 is linker version 2.19  */
#define LINKER_VERSION ((short) (BFD_VERSION / 1000000))

      /* This piece of magic sets the "linker version" field to
         LINKER_VERSION.  */
      H_PUT_16 (abfd, (LINKER_VERSION / 100 + (LINKER_VERSION % 100) * 256),
                aouthdr_out->standard.vstamp);
    }

  PUT_AOUTHDR_TSIZE (abfd, aouthdr_in->tsize, aouthdr_out->standard.tsize);
  PUT_AOUTHDR_DSIZE (abfd, aouthdr_in->dsize, aouthdr_out->standard.dsize);
  PUT_AOUTHDR_BSIZE (abfd, aouthdr_in->bsize, aouthdr_out->standard.bsize);
  PUT_AOUTHDR_ENTRY (abfd, aouthdr_in->entry, aouthdr_out->standard.entry);
  PUT_AOUTHDR_TEXT_START (abfd, aouthdr_in->text_start,
                          aouthdr_out->standard.text_start);

#if !defined(COFF_WITH_pep) && !defined(COFF_WITH_pex64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peAArch64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peLoongArch64) && !defined (COFF_WITH_peRiscV64)
  /* PE32+ does not have data_start member!  */
  PUT_AOUTHDR_DATA_START (abfd, aouthdr_in->data_start,
                          aouthdr_out->standard.data_start);
#endif

  PUT_OPTHDR_IMAGE_BASE (abfd, extra->ImageBase, aouthdr_out->ImageBase);
  H_PUT_32 (abfd, extra->SectionAlignment, aouthdr_out->SectionAlignment);
  H_PUT_32 (abfd, extra->FileAlignment, aouthdr_out->FileAlignment);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, extra->MajorOperatingSystemVersion,
            aouthdr_out->MajorOperatingSystemVersion);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, extra->MinorOperatingSystemVersion,
            aouthdr_out->MinorOperatingSystemVersion);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, extra->MajorImageVersion, aouthdr_out->MajorImageVersion);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, extra->MinorImageVersion, aouthdr_out->MinorImageVersion);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, extra->MajorSubsystemVersion,
            aouthdr_out->MajorSubsystemVersion);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, extra->MinorSubsystemVersion,
            aouthdr_out->MinorSubsystemVersion);
  H_PUT_32 (abfd, extra->Reserved1, aouthdr_out->Reserved1);
  H_PUT_32 (abfd, extra->SizeOfImage, aouthdr_out->SizeOfImage);
  H_PUT_32 (abfd, extra->SizeOfHeaders, aouthdr_out->SizeOfHeaders);
  H_PUT_32 (abfd, extra->CheckSum, aouthdr_out->CheckSum);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, extra->Subsystem, aouthdr_out->Subsystem);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, extra->DllCharacteristics, aouthdr_out->DllCharacteristics);
  PUT_OPTHDR_SIZE_OF_STACK_RESERVE (abfd, extra->SizeOfStackReserve,
                                    aouthdr_out->SizeOfStackReserve);
  PUT_OPTHDR_SIZE_OF_STACK_COMMIT (abfd, extra->SizeOfStackCommit,
                                   aouthdr_out->SizeOfStackCommit);
  PUT_OPTHDR_SIZE_OF_HEAP_RESERVE (abfd, extra->SizeOfHeapReserve,
                                   aouthdr_out->SizeOfHeapReserve);
  PUT_OPTHDR_SIZE_OF_HEAP_COMMIT (abfd, extra->SizeOfHeapCommit,
                                  aouthdr_out->SizeOfHeapCommit);
  H_PUT_32 (abfd, extra->LoaderFlags, aouthdr_out->LoaderFlags);
  H_PUT_32 (abfd, extra->NumberOfRvaAndSizes,
            aouthdr_out->NumberOfRvaAndSizes);
  {
    int idx;

    for (idx = 0; idx < IMAGE_NUMBEROF_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES; idx++)
      {
        H_PUT_32 (abfd, extra->DataDirectory[idx].VirtualAddress,
                  aouthdr_out->DataDirectory[idx][0]);
        H_PUT_32 (abfd, extra->DataDirectory[idx].Size,
                  aouthdr_out->DataDirectory[idx][1]);
      }
  }

  return AOUTSZ;
}

unsigned int
_bfd_XXi_only_swap_filehdr_out (bfd * abfd, void * in, void * out)
{
  int idx;
  struct internal_filehdr *filehdr_in = (struct internal_filehdr *) in;
  struct external_PEI_filehdr *filehdr_out = (struct external_PEI_filehdr *) out;

  if (pe_data (abfd)->has_reloc_section
      || pe_data (abfd)->dont_strip_reloc)
    filehdr_in->f_flags &= ~F_RELFLG;

  if (pe_data (abfd)->dll)
    filehdr_in->f_flags |= F_DLL;

  filehdr_in->pe.e_magic    = IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE;
  filehdr_in->pe.e_cblp     = 0x90;
  filehdr_in->pe.e_cp       = 0x3;
  filehdr_in->pe.e_crlc     = 0x0;
  filehdr_in->pe.e_cparhdr  = 0x4;
  filehdr_in->pe.e_minalloc = 0x0;
  filehdr_in->pe.e_maxalloc = 0xffff;
  filehdr_in->pe.e_ss       = 0x0;
  filehdr_in->pe.e_sp       = 0xb8;
  filehdr_in->pe.e_csum     = 0x0;
  filehdr_in->pe.e_ip       = 0x0;
  filehdr_in->pe.e_cs       = 0x0;
  filehdr_in->pe.e_lfarlc   = 0x40;
  filehdr_in->pe.e_ovno     = 0x0;

  for (idx = 0; idx < 4; idx++)
    filehdr_in->pe.e_res[idx] = 0x0;

  filehdr_in->pe.e_oemid   = 0x0;
  filehdr_in->pe.e_oeminfo = 0x0;

  for (idx = 0; idx < 10; idx++)
    filehdr_in->pe.e_res2[idx] = 0x0;

  filehdr_in->pe.e_lfanew = 0x80;

  /* This next collection of data are mostly just characters.  It
     appears to be constant within the headers put on NT exes.  */
  memcpy (filehdr_in->pe.dos_message, pe_data (abfd)->dos_message,
          sizeof (filehdr_in->pe.dos_message));

  filehdr_in->pe.nt_signature = IMAGE_NT_SIGNATURE;

  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->f_magic, filehdr_out->f_magic);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->f_nscns, filehdr_out->f_nscns);

  /* Use a real timestamp by default, unless the no-insert-timestamp
     option was chosen.  */
  if ((pe_data (abfd)->timestamp) == -1)
    {
      time_t now = bfd_get_current_time (0);
      H_PUT_32 (abfd, now, filehdr_out->f_timdat);
    }
  else
    H_PUT_32 (abfd, pe_data (abfd)->timestamp, filehdr_out->f_timdat);

  PUT_FILEHDR_SYMPTR (abfd, filehdr_in->f_symptr,
                      filehdr_out->f_symptr);
  H_PUT_32 (abfd, filehdr_in->f_nsyms, filehdr_out->f_nsyms);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->f_opthdr, filehdr_out->f_opthdr);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->f_flags, filehdr_out->f_flags);

  /* Put in extra dos header stuff.  This data remains essentially
     constant, it just has to be tacked on to the beginning of all exes
     for NT.  */
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->pe.e_magic, filehdr_out->e_magic);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->pe.e_cblp, filehdr_out->e_cblp);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->pe.e_cp, filehdr_out->e_cp);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->pe.e_crlc, filehdr_out->e_crlc);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->pe.e_cparhdr, filehdr_out->e_cparhdr);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->pe.e_minalloc, filehdr_out->e_minalloc);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->pe.e_maxalloc, filehdr_out->e_maxalloc);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->pe.e_ss, filehdr_out->e_ss);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->pe.e_sp, filehdr_out->e_sp);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->pe.e_csum, filehdr_out->e_csum);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->pe.e_ip, filehdr_out->e_ip);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->pe.e_cs, filehdr_out->e_cs);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->pe.e_lfarlc, filehdr_out->e_lfarlc);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->pe.e_ovno, filehdr_out->e_ovno);

  for (idx = 0; idx < 4; idx++)
    H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->pe.e_res[idx], filehdr_out->e_res[idx]);

  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->pe.e_oemid, filehdr_out->e_oemid);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->pe.e_oeminfo, filehdr_out->e_oeminfo);

  for (idx = 0; idx < 10; idx++)
    H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->pe.e_res2[idx], filehdr_out->e_res2[idx]);

  H_PUT_32 (abfd, filehdr_in->pe.e_lfanew, filehdr_out->e_lfanew);

  memcpy (filehdr_out->dos_message, filehdr_in->pe.dos_message,
          sizeof (filehdr_out->dos_message));

  /* Also put in the NT signature.  */
  H_PUT_32 (abfd, filehdr_in->pe.nt_signature, filehdr_out->nt_signature);

  return FILHSZ;
}

unsigned int
_bfd_XX_only_swap_filehdr_out (bfd * abfd, void * in, void * out)
{
  struct internal_filehdr *filehdr_in = (struct internal_filehdr *) in;
  FILHDR *filehdr_out = (FILHDR *) out;

  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->f_magic, filehdr_out->f_magic);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->f_nscns, filehdr_out->f_nscns);
  H_PUT_32 (abfd, filehdr_in->f_timdat, filehdr_out->f_timdat);
  PUT_FILEHDR_SYMPTR (abfd, filehdr_in->f_symptr, filehdr_out->f_symptr);
  H_PUT_32 (abfd, filehdr_in->f_nsyms, filehdr_out->f_nsyms);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->f_opthdr, filehdr_out->f_opthdr);
  H_PUT_16 (abfd, filehdr_in->f_flags, filehdr_out->f_flags);

  return FILHSZ;
}

unsigned int
_bfd_XXi_swap_scnhdr_out (bfd * abfd, void * in, void * out)
{
  struct internal_scnhdr *scnhdr_int = (struct internal_scnhdr *) in;
  SCNHDR *scnhdr_ext = (SCNHDR *) out;
  unsigned int ret = SCNHSZ;
  bfd_vma ps;
  bfd_vma ss;

  memcpy (scnhdr_ext->s_name, scnhdr_int->s_name, sizeof (scnhdr_int->s_name));

  ss = scnhdr_int->s_vaddr - pe_data (abfd)->pe_opthdr.ImageBase;
  if (scnhdr_int->s_vaddr < pe_data (abfd)->pe_opthdr.ImageBase)
    _bfd_error_handler (_("%pB:%.8s: section below image base"),
                        abfd, scnhdr_int->s_name);
  /* Do not compare lower 32-bits for 64-bit vma.  */
#if !defined(COFF_WITH_pex64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peAArch64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peLoongArch64) && !defined (COFF_WITH_peRiscV64)
  else if(ss != (ss & 0xffffffff))
    _bfd_error_handler (_("%pB:%.8s: RVA truncated"), abfd, scnhdr_int->s_name);
  PUT_SCNHDR_VADDR (abfd, ss & 0xffffffff, scnhdr_ext->s_vaddr);
#else
  PUT_SCNHDR_VADDR (abfd, ss, scnhdr_ext->s_vaddr);
#endif

  /* NT wants the size data to be rounded up to the next
     NT_FILE_ALIGNMENT, but zero if it has no content (as in .bss,
     sometimes).  */
  if ((scnhdr_int->s_flags & IMAGE_SCN_CNT_UNINITIALIZED_DATA) != 0)
    {
      if (bfd_pei_p (abfd))
        {
          ps = scnhdr_int->s_size;
          ss = 0;
        }
      else
       {
         ps = 0;
         ss = scnhdr_int->s_size;
       }
    }
  else
    {
      if (bfd_pei_p (abfd))
        ps = scnhdr_int->s_paddr;
      else
        ps = 0;

      ss = scnhdr_int->s_size;
    }

  PUT_SCNHDR_SIZE (abfd, ss,
                   scnhdr_ext->s_size);

  /* s_paddr in PE is really the virtual size.  */
  PUT_SCNHDR_PADDR (abfd, ps, scnhdr_ext->s_paddr);

  PUT_SCNHDR_SCNPTR (abfd, scnhdr_int->s_scnptr,
                     scnhdr_ext->s_scnptr);
  PUT_SCNHDR_RELPTR (abfd, scnhdr_int->s_relptr,
                     scnhdr_ext->s_relptr);
  PUT_SCNHDR_LNNOPTR (abfd, scnhdr_int->s_lnnoptr,
                      scnhdr_ext->s_lnnoptr);

  {
    /* Extra flags must be set when dealing with PE.  All sections should also
       have the IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ (0x40000000) flag set.  In addition, the
       .text section must have IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE (0x20000000) and the data
       sections (.idata, .data, .bss, .CRT) must have IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE set
       (this is especially important when dealing with the .idata section since
       the addresses for routines from .dlls must be overwritten).  If .reloc
       section data is ever generated, we must add IMAGE_SCN_MEM_DISCARDABLE
       (0x02000000).  Also, the resource data should also be read and
       writable.  */

    /* FIXME: Alignment is also encoded in this field, at least on
       ARM-WINCE.  Although - how do we get the original alignment field
       back ?  */

    typedef struct
    {
      char section_name[SCNNMLEN];
      unsigned long     must_have;
    }
    pe_required_section_flags;

    pe_required_section_flags known_sections [] =
      {
        { ".arch",  IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_DISCARDABLE | IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_8BYTES },
        { ".bss",   IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_CNT_UNINITIALIZED_DATA | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE },
        { ".data",  IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE },
        { ".edata", IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA },
        { ".idata", IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE },
        { ".pdata", IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA },
        { ".rdata", IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA },
        { ".reloc", IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_DISCARDABLE },
        { ".rsrc",  IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA },
        { ".text" , IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_CNT_CODE | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE },
        { ".tls",   IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE },
        { ".xdata", IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA },
      };

    pe_required_section_flags * p;

    /* We have defaulted to adding the IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE flag, but now
       we know exactly what this specific section wants so we remove it
       and then allow the must_have field to add it back in if necessary.
       However, we don't remove IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE flag from .text if the
       default WP_TEXT file flag has been cleared.  WP_TEXT may be cleared
       by ld --enable-auto-import (if auto-import is actually needed),
       by ld --omagic, or by obcopy --writable-text.  */

    for (p = known_sections;
         p < known_sections + ARRAY_SIZE (known_sections);
         p++)
      if (memcmp (scnhdr_int->s_name, p->section_name, SCNNMLEN) == 0)
        {
          if (memcmp (scnhdr_int->s_name, ".text", sizeof ".text")
              || (bfd_get_file_flags (abfd) & WP_TEXT))
            scnhdr_int->s_flags &= ~IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE;
          scnhdr_int->s_flags |= p->must_have;
          break;
        }

    H_PUT_32 (abfd, scnhdr_int->s_flags, scnhdr_ext->s_flags);
  }

  if (coff_data (abfd)->link_info
      && ! bfd_link_relocatable (coff_data (abfd)->link_info)
      && ! bfd_link_pic (coff_data (abfd)->link_info)
      && memcmp (scnhdr_int->s_name, ".text", sizeof ".text") == 0)
    {
      /* By inference from looking at MS output, the 32 bit field
         which is the combination of the number_of_relocs and
         number_of_linenos is used for the line number count in
         executables.  A 16-bit field won't do for cc1.  The MS
         document says that the number of relocs is zero for
         executables, but the 17-th bit has been observed to be there.
         Overflow is not an issue: a 4G-line program will overflow a
         bunch of other fields long before this!  */
      H_PUT_16 (abfd, (scnhdr_int->s_nlnno & 0xffff), scnhdr_ext->s_nlnno);
      H_PUT_16 (abfd, (scnhdr_int->s_nlnno >> 16), scnhdr_ext->s_nreloc);
    }
  else
    {
      if (scnhdr_int->s_nlnno <= 0xffff)
        H_PUT_16 (abfd, scnhdr_int->s_nlnno, scnhdr_ext->s_nlnno);
      else
        {
          /* xgettext:c-format */
          _bfd_error_handler (_("%pB: line number overflow: 0x%lx > 0xffff"),
                              abfd, scnhdr_int->s_nlnno);
          bfd_set_error (bfd_error_file_truncated);
          H_PUT_16 (abfd, 0xffff, scnhdr_ext->s_nlnno);
          ret = 0;
        }

      /* Although we could encode 0xffff relocs here, we do not, to be
         consistent with other parts of bfd. Also it lets us warn, as
         we should never see 0xffff here w/o having the overflow flag
         set.  */
      if (scnhdr_int->s_nreloc < 0xffff)
        H_PUT_16 (abfd, scnhdr_int->s_nreloc, scnhdr_ext->s_nreloc);
      else
        {
          /* PE can deal with large #s of relocs, but not here.  */
          H_PUT_16 (abfd, 0xffff, scnhdr_ext->s_nreloc);
          scnhdr_int->s_flags |= IMAGE_SCN_LNK_NRELOC_OVFL;
          H_PUT_32 (abfd, scnhdr_int->s_flags, scnhdr_ext->s_flags);
        }
    }
  return ret;
}

void
_bfd_XXi_swap_debugdir_in (bfd * abfd, void * ext1, void * in1)
{
  struct external_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY *ext = (struct external_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY *) ext1;
  struct internal_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY *in = (struct internal_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY *) in1;

  in->Characteristics = H_GET_32(abfd, ext->Characteristics);
  in->TimeDateStamp = H_GET_32(abfd, ext->TimeDateStamp);
  in->MajorVersion = H_GET_16(abfd, ext->MajorVersion);
  in->MinorVersion = H_GET_16(abfd, ext->MinorVersion);
  in->Type = H_GET_32(abfd, ext->Type);
  in->SizeOfData = H_GET_32(abfd, ext->SizeOfData);
  in->AddressOfRawData = H_GET_32(abfd, ext->AddressOfRawData);
  in->PointerToRawData = H_GET_32(abfd, ext->PointerToRawData);
}

unsigned int
_bfd_XXi_swap_debugdir_out (bfd * abfd, void * inp, void * extp)
{
  struct external_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY *ext = (struct external_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY *) extp;
  struct internal_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY *in = (struct internal_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY *) inp;

  H_PUT_32(abfd, in->Characteristics, ext->Characteristics);
  H_PUT_32(abfd, in->TimeDateStamp, ext->TimeDateStamp);
  H_PUT_16(abfd, in->MajorVersion, ext->MajorVersion);
  H_PUT_16(abfd, in->MinorVersion, ext->MinorVersion);
  H_PUT_32(abfd, in->Type, ext->Type);
  H_PUT_32(abfd, in->SizeOfData, ext->SizeOfData);
  H_PUT_32(abfd, in->AddressOfRawData, ext->AddressOfRawData);
  H_PUT_32(abfd, in->PointerToRawData, ext->PointerToRawData);

  return sizeof (struct external_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY);
}

CODEVIEW_INFO *
_bfd_XXi_slurp_codeview_record (bfd * abfd, file_ptr where, unsigned long length, CODEVIEW_INFO *cvinfo,
                                char **pdb)
{
  char buffer[256+1];
  bfd_size_type nread;

  if (bfd_seek (abfd, where, SEEK_SET) != 0)
    return NULL;

  if (length <= sizeof (CV_INFO_PDB70) && length <= sizeof (CV_INFO_PDB20))
    return NULL;
  if (length > 256)
    length = 256;
  nread = bfd_read (buffer, length, abfd);
  if (length != nread)
    return NULL;

  /* Ensure null termination of filename.  */
  memset (buffer + nread, 0, sizeof (buffer) - nread);

  cvinfo->CVSignature = H_GET_32 (abfd, buffer);
  cvinfo->Age = 0;

  if ((cvinfo->CVSignature == CVINFO_PDB70_CVSIGNATURE)
      && (length > sizeof (CV_INFO_PDB70)))
    {
      CV_INFO_PDB70 *cvinfo70 = (CV_INFO_PDB70 *)(buffer);

      cvinfo->Age = H_GET_32(abfd, cvinfo70->Age);

      /* A GUID consists of 4,2,2 byte values in little-endian order, followed
         by 8 single bytes.  Byte swap them so we can conveniently treat the GUID
         as 16 bytes in big-endian order.  */
      bfd_putb32 (bfd_getl32 (cvinfo70->Signature), cvinfo->Signature);
      bfd_putb16 (bfd_getl16 (&(cvinfo70->Signature[4])), &(cvinfo->Signature[4]));
      bfd_putb16 (bfd_getl16 (&(cvinfo70->Signature[6])), &(cvinfo->Signature[6]));
      memcpy (&(cvinfo->Signature[8]), &(cvinfo70->Signature[8]), 8);

      cvinfo->SignatureLength = CV_INFO_SIGNATURE_LENGTH;
      /* cvinfo->PdbFileName = cvinfo70->PdbFileName;  */

      if (pdb)
        *pdb = xstrdup (cvinfo70->PdbFileName);

      return cvinfo;
    }
  else if ((cvinfo->CVSignature == CVINFO_PDB20_CVSIGNATURE)
           && (length > sizeof (CV_INFO_PDB20)))
    {
      CV_INFO_PDB20 *cvinfo20 = (CV_INFO_PDB20 *)(buffer);
      cvinfo->Age = H_GET_32(abfd, cvinfo20->Age);
      memcpy (cvinfo->Signature, cvinfo20->Signature, 4);
      cvinfo->SignatureLength = 4;
      /* cvinfo->PdbFileName = cvinfo20->PdbFileName;  */

      if (pdb)
        *pdb = xstrdup (cvinfo20->PdbFileName);

      return cvinfo;
    }

  return NULL;
}

unsigned int
_bfd_XXi_write_codeview_record (bfd * abfd, file_ptr where, CODEVIEW_INFO *cvinfo,
                                const char *pdb)
{
  size_t pdb_len = pdb ? strlen (pdb) : 0;
  const bfd_size_type size = sizeof (CV_INFO_PDB70) + pdb_len + 1;
  bfd_size_type written;
  CV_INFO_PDB70 *cvinfo70;
  char * buffer;

  if (bfd_seek (abfd, where, SEEK_SET) != 0)
    return 0;

  buffer = bfd_malloc (size);
  if (buffer == NULL)
    return 0;

  cvinfo70 = (CV_INFO_PDB70 *) buffer;
  H_PUT_32 (abfd, CVINFO_PDB70_CVSIGNATURE, cvinfo70->CvSignature);

  /* Byte swap the GUID from 16 bytes in big-endian order to 4,2,2 byte values
     in little-endian order, followed by 8 single bytes.  */
  bfd_putl32 (bfd_getb32 (cvinfo->Signature), cvinfo70->Signature);
  bfd_putl16 (bfd_getb16 (&(cvinfo->Signature[4])), &(cvinfo70->Signature[4]));
  bfd_putl16 (bfd_getb16 (&(cvinfo->Signature[6])), &(cvinfo70->Signature[6]));
  memcpy (&(cvinfo70->Signature[8]), &(cvinfo->Signature[8]), 8);

  H_PUT_32 (abfd, cvinfo->Age, cvinfo70->Age);

  if (pdb == NULL)
    cvinfo70->PdbFileName[0] = '\0';
  else
    memcpy (cvinfo70->PdbFileName, pdb, pdb_len + 1);

  written = bfd_write (buffer, size, abfd);

  free (buffer);

  return written == size ? size : 0;
}

static char * dir_names[IMAGE_NUMBEROF_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES] =
{
  N_("Export Directory [.edata (or where ever we found it)]"),
  N_("Import Directory [parts of .idata]"),
  N_("Resource Directory [.rsrc]"),
  N_("Exception Directory [.pdata]"),
  N_("Security Directory"),
  N_("Base Relocation Directory [.reloc]"),
  N_("Debug Directory"),
  N_("Description Directory"),
  N_("Special Directory"),
  N_("Thread Storage Directory [.tls]"),
  N_("Load Configuration Directory"),
  N_("Bound Import Directory"),
  N_("Import Address Table Directory"),
  N_("Delay Import Directory"),
  N_("CLR Runtime Header"),
  N_("Reserved")
};

static bool
get_contents_sanity_check (bfd *abfd, asection *section,
                           bfd_size_type dataoff, bfd_size_type datasize)
{
  if ((section->flags & SEC_HAS_CONTENTS) == 0)
    return false;
  if (dataoff > section->size
      || datasize > section->size - dataoff)
    return false;
  ufile_ptr filesize = bfd_get_file_size (abfd);
  if (filesize != 0
      && ((ufile_ptr) section->filepos > filesize
          || dataoff > filesize - section->filepos
          || datasize > filesize - section->filepos - dataoff))
    return false;
  return true;
}

static bool
pe_print_idata (bfd * abfd, void * vfile)
{
  FILE *file = (FILE *) vfile;
  bfd_byte *data;
  asection *section;
  bfd_signed_vma adj;
  bfd_size_type datasize = 0;
  bfd_size_type dataoff;
  bfd_size_type i;
  int onaline = 20;

  pe_data_type *pe = pe_data (abfd);
  struct internal_extra_pe_aouthdr *extra = &pe->pe_opthdr;

  bfd_vma addr;

  addr = extra->DataDirectory[PE_IMPORT_TABLE].VirtualAddress;

  if (addr == 0 && extra->DataDirectory[PE_IMPORT_TABLE].Size == 0)
    {
      /* Maybe the extra header isn't there.  Look for the section.  */
      section = bfd_get_section_by_name (abfd, ".idata");
      if (section == NULL || (section->flags & SEC_HAS_CONTENTS) == 0)
        return true;

      addr = section->vma;
      datasize = section->size;
      if (datasize == 0)
        return true;
    }
  else
    {
      addr += extra->ImageBase;
      for (section = abfd->sections; section != NULL; section = section->next)
        {
          datasize = section->size;
          if (addr >= section->vma && addr < section->vma + datasize)
            break;
        }

      if (section == NULL)
        {
          fprintf (file,
                   _("\nThere is an import table, but the section containing it could not be found\n"));
          return true;
        }
      else if (!(section->flags & SEC_HAS_CONTENTS))
        {
          fprintf (file,
                   _("\nThere is an import table in %s, but that section has no contents\n"),
                   section->name);
          return true;
        }
    }

  /* xgettext:c-format */
  fprintf (file, _("\nThere is an import table in %s at 0x%lx\n"),
           section->name, (unsigned long) addr);

  dataoff = addr - section->vma;

  fprintf (file,
           _("\nThe Import Tables (interpreted %s section contents)\n"),
           section->name);
  fprintf (file,
           _("\
 vma:            Hint    Time      Forward  DLL       First\n\
                 Table   Stamp     Chain    Name      Thunk\n"));

  /* Read the whole section.  Some of the fields might be before dataoff.  */
  if (!bfd_malloc_and_get_section (abfd, section, &data))
    {
      free (data);
      return false;
    }

  adj = section->vma - extra->ImageBase;

  /* Print all image import descriptors.  */
  for (i = dataoff; i + onaline <= datasize; i += onaline)
    {
      bfd_vma hint_addr;
      bfd_vma time_stamp;
      bfd_vma forward_chain;
      bfd_vma dll_name;
      bfd_vma first_thunk;
      int idx = 0;
      bfd_size_type j;
      char *dll;

      /* Print (i + extra->DataDirectory[PE_IMPORT_TABLE].VirtualAddress).  */
      fprintf (file, " %08lx\t", (unsigned long) (i + adj));
      hint_addr = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + i);
      time_stamp = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + i + 4);
      forward_chain = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + i + 8);
      dll_name = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + i + 12);
      first_thunk = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + i + 16);

      fprintf (file, "%08lx %08lx %08lx %08lx %08lx\n",
               (unsigned long) hint_addr,
               (unsigned long) time_stamp,
               (unsigned long) forward_chain,
               (unsigned long) dll_name,
               (unsigned long) first_thunk);

      if (hint_addr == 0 && first_thunk == 0)
        break;

      if (dll_name - adj >= section->size)
        break;

      dll = (char *) data + dll_name - adj;
      /* PR 17512 file: 078-12277-0.004.  */
      bfd_size_type maxlen = (char *)(data + datasize) - dll - 1;
      fprintf (file, _("\n\tDLL Name: %.*s\n"), (int) maxlen, dll);

      /* PR 21546: When the Hint Address is zero,
         we try the First Thunk instead.  */
      if (hint_addr == 0)
        hint_addr = first_thunk;

      if (hint_addr != 0 && hint_addr - adj < datasize)
        {
          bfd_byte *ft_data;
          asection *ft_section;
          bfd_vma ft_addr;
          bfd_size_type ft_datasize;
          int ft_idx;
          int ft_allocated;

          fprintf (file, _("\tvma:  Hint/Ord Member-Name Bound-To\n"));

          idx = hint_addr - adj;

          ft_addr = first_thunk + extra->ImageBase;
          ft_idx = first_thunk - adj;
          ft_data = data + ft_idx;
          ft_datasize = datasize - ft_idx;
          ft_allocated = 0;

          if (first_thunk != hint_addr)
            {
              /* Find the section which contains the first thunk.  */
              for (ft_section = abfd->sections;
                   ft_section != NULL;
                   ft_section = ft_section->next)
                {
                  if (ft_addr >= ft_section->vma
                      && ft_addr < ft_section->vma + ft_section->size)
                    break;
                }

              if (ft_section == NULL)
                {
                  fprintf (file,
                       _("\nThere is a first thunk, but the section containing it could not be found\n"));
                  continue;
                }

              /* Now check to see if this section is the same as our current
                 section.  If it is not then we will have to load its data in.  */
              if (ft_section != section)
                {
                  ft_idx = first_thunk - (ft_section->vma - extra->ImageBase);
                  ft_datasize = ft_section->size - ft_idx;
                  if (!get_contents_sanity_check (abfd, ft_section,
                                                  ft_idx, ft_datasize))
                    continue;
                  ft_data = (bfd_byte *) bfd_malloc (ft_datasize);
                  if (ft_data == NULL)
                    continue;

                  /* Read ft_datasize bytes starting at offset ft_idx.  */
                  if (!bfd_get_section_contents (abfd, ft_section, ft_data,
                                                 (bfd_vma) ft_idx, ft_datasize))
                    {
                      free (ft_data);
                      continue;
                    }
                  ft_allocated = 1;
                }
            }

          /* Print HintName vector entries.  */
#ifdef COFF_WITH_pex64
          for (j = 0; idx + j + 8 <= datasize; j += 8)
            {
              bfd_size_type amt;
              unsigned long member = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + idx + j);
              unsigned long member_high = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + idx + j + 4);

              if (!member && !member_high)
                break;

              amt = member - adj;

              if (HighBitSet (member_high))
                fprintf (file, "\t%lx%08lx\t %4lx%08lx  <none>",
                         member_high, member,
                         WithoutHighBit (member_high), member);
              /* PR binutils/17512: Handle corrupt PE data.  */
              else if (amt >= datasize || amt + 2 >= datasize)
                fprintf (file, _("\t<corrupt: 0x%04lx>"), member);
              else
                {
                  int ordinal;
                  char *member_name;

                  ordinal = bfd_get_16 (abfd, data + amt);
                  member_name = (char *) data + amt + 2;
                  fprintf (file, "\t%04lx\t %4d  %.*s",member, ordinal,
                           (int) (datasize - (amt + 2)), member_name);
                }

              /* If the time stamp is not zero, the import address
                 table holds actual addresses.  */
              if (time_stamp != 0
                  && first_thunk != 0
                  && first_thunk != hint_addr
                  && j + 4 <= ft_datasize)
                fprintf (file, "\t%04lx",
                         (unsigned long) bfd_get_32 (abfd, ft_data + j));
              fprintf (file, "\n");
            }
#else
          for (j = 0; idx + j + 4 <= datasize; j += 4)
            {
              bfd_size_type amt;
              unsigned long member = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + idx + j);

              /* Print single IMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME vector.  */
              if (member == 0)
                break;

              amt = member - adj;

              if (HighBitSet (member))
                fprintf (file, "\t%04lx\t %4lu  <none>",
                         member, WithoutHighBit (member));
              /* PR binutils/17512: Handle corrupt PE data.  */
              else if (amt >= datasize || amt + 2 >= datasize)
                fprintf (file, _("\t<corrupt: 0x%04lx>"), member);
              else
                {
                  int ordinal;
                  char *member_name;

                  ordinal = bfd_get_16 (abfd, data + amt);
                  member_name = (char *) data + amt + 2;
                  fprintf (file, "\t%04lx\t %4d  %.*s",
                           member, ordinal,
                           (int) (datasize - (amt + 2)), member_name);
                }

              /* If the time stamp is not zero, the import address
                 table holds actual addresses.  */
              if (time_stamp != 0
                  && first_thunk != 0
                  && first_thunk != hint_addr
                  && j + 4 <= ft_datasize)
                fprintf (file, "\t%04lx",
                         (unsigned long) bfd_get_32 (abfd, ft_data + j));

              fprintf (file, "\n");
            }
#endif
          if (ft_allocated)
            free (ft_data);
        }

      fprintf (file, "\n");
    }

  free (data);

  return true;
}

static bool
pe_print_edata (bfd * abfd, void * vfile)
{
  FILE *file = (FILE *) vfile;
  bfd_byte *data;
  asection *section;
  bfd_size_type datasize = 0;
  bfd_size_type dataoff;
  bfd_size_type i;
  bfd_vma       adj;
  struct EDT_type
  {
    long export_flags;          /* Reserved - should be zero.  */
    long time_stamp;
    short major_ver;
    short minor_ver;
    bfd_vma name;               /* RVA - relative to image base.  */
    long base;                  /* Ordinal base.  */
    unsigned long num_functions;/* Number in the export address table.  */
    unsigned long num_names;    /* Number in the name pointer table.  */
    bfd_vma eat_addr;           /* RVA to the export address table.  */
    bfd_vma npt_addr;           /* RVA to the Export Name Pointer Table.  */
    bfd_vma ot_addr;            /* RVA to the Ordinal Table.  */
  } edt;

  pe_data_type *pe = pe_data (abfd);
  struct internal_extra_pe_aouthdr *extra = &pe->pe_opthdr;

  bfd_vma addr;

  addr = extra->DataDirectory[PE_EXPORT_TABLE].VirtualAddress;

  if (addr == 0 && extra->DataDirectory[PE_EXPORT_TABLE].Size == 0)
    {
      /* Maybe the extra header isn't there.  Look for the section.  */
      section = bfd_get_section_by_name (abfd, ".edata");
      if (section == NULL)
        return true;

      addr = section->vma;
      dataoff = 0;
      datasize = section->size;
      if (datasize == 0)
        return true;
    }
  else
    {
      addr += extra->ImageBase;

      for (section = abfd->sections; section != NULL; section = section->next)
        if (addr >= section->vma && addr < section->vma + section->size)
          break;

      if (section == NULL)
        {
          fprintf (file,
                   _("\nThere is an export table, but the section containing it could not be found\n"));
          return true;
        }

      dataoff = addr - section->vma;
      datasize = extra->DataDirectory[PE_EXPORT_TABLE].Size;
    }

  /* PR 17512: Handle corrupt PE binaries.  */
  if (datasize < 40)
    {
      fprintf (file,
               /* xgettext:c-format */
               _("\nThere is an export table in %s, but it is too small (%d)\n"),
               section->name, (int) datasize);
      return true;
    }

  if (!get_contents_sanity_check (abfd, section, dataoff, datasize))
    {
      fprintf (file,
               _("\nThere is an export table in %s, but contents cannot be read\n"),
               section->name);
      return true;
    }

  /* xgettext:c-format */
  fprintf (file, _("\nThere is an export table in %s at 0x%lx\n"),
           section->name, (unsigned long) addr);

  data = (bfd_byte *) bfd_malloc (datasize);
  if (data == NULL)
    return false;

  if (! bfd_get_section_contents (abfd, section, data,
                                  (file_ptr) dataoff, datasize))
    {
      free (data);
      return false;
    }

  /* Go get Export Directory Table.  */
  edt.export_flags   = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data +  0);
  edt.time_stamp     = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data +  4);
  edt.major_ver      = bfd_get_16 (abfd, data +  8);
  edt.minor_ver      = bfd_get_16 (abfd, data + 10);
  edt.name           = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + 12);
  edt.base           = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + 16);
  edt.num_functions  = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + 20);
  edt.num_names      = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + 24);
  edt.eat_addr       = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + 28);
  edt.npt_addr       = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + 32);
  edt.ot_addr        = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + 36);

  adj = section->vma - extra->ImageBase + dataoff;

  /* Dump the EDT first.  */
  fprintf (file,
           _("\nThe Export Tables (interpreted %s section contents)\n\n"),
           section->name);

  fprintf (file,
           _("Export Flags \t\t\t%lx\n"), (unsigned long) edt.export_flags);

  fprintf (file,
           _("Time/Date stamp \t\t%lx\n"), (unsigned long) edt.time_stamp);

  fprintf (file,
           /* xgettext:c-format */
           _("Major/Minor \t\t\t%d/%d\n"), edt.major_ver, edt.minor_ver);

  fprintf (file,
           _("Name \t\t\t\t"));
  bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, edt.name);

  if ((edt.name >= adj) && (edt.name < adj + datasize))
    fprintf (file, " %.*s\n",
             (int) (datasize - (edt.name - adj)),
             data + edt.name - adj);
  else
    fprintf (file, "(outside .edata section)\n");

  fprintf (file,
           _("Ordinal Base \t\t\t%ld\n"), edt.base);

  fprintf (file,
           _("Number in:\n"));

  fprintf (file,
           _("\tExport Address Table \t\t%08lx\n"),
           edt.num_functions);

  fprintf (file,
           _("\t[Name Pointer/Ordinal] Table\t%08lx\n"), edt.num_names);

  fprintf (file,
           _("Table Addresses\n"));

  fprintf (file,
           _("\tExport Address Table \t\t"));
  bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, edt.eat_addr);
  fprintf (file, "\n");

  fprintf (file,
           _("\tName Pointer Table \t\t"));
  bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, edt.npt_addr);
  fprintf (file, "\n");

  fprintf (file,
           _("\tOrdinal Table \t\t\t"));
  bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, edt.ot_addr);
  fprintf (file, "\n");

  /* The next table to find is the Export Address Table. It's basically
     a list of pointers that either locate a function in this dll, or
     forward the call to another dll. Something like:
      typedef union
      {
        long export_rva;
        long forwarder_rva;
      } export_address_table_entry;  */

  fprintf (file,
          _("\nExport Address Table -- Ordinal Base %ld\n"),
          edt.base);

  /* PR 17512: Handle corrupt PE binaries.  */
  /* PR 17512 file: 140-165018-0.004.  */
  if (edt.eat_addr - adj >= datasize
      /* PR 17512: file: 092b1829 */
      || (edt.num_functions + 1) * 4 < edt.num_functions
      || edt.eat_addr - adj + (edt.num_functions + 1) * 4 > datasize)
    fprintf (file, _("\tInvalid Export Address Table rva (0x%lx) or entry count (0x%lx)\n"),
             (long) edt.eat_addr,
             (long) edt.num_functions);
  else for (i = 0; i < edt.num_functions; ++i)
    {
      bfd_vma eat_member = bfd_get_32 (abfd,
                                       data + edt.eat_addr + (i * 4) - adj);
      if (eat_member == 0)
        continue;

      if (eat_member - adj <= datasize)
        {
          /* This rva is to a name (forwarding function) in our section.  */
          /* Should locate a function descriptor.  */
          fprintf (file,
                   "\t[%4ld] +base[%4ld] %04lx %s -- %.*s\n",
                   (long) i,
                   (long) (i + edt.base),
                   (unsigned long) eat_member,
                   _("Forwarder RVA"),
                   (int)(datasize - (eat_member - adj)),
                   data + eat_member - adj);
        }
      else
        {
          /* Should locate a function descriptor in the reldata section.  */
          fprintf (file,
                   "\t[%4ld] +base[%4ld] %04lx %s\n",
                   (long) i,
                   (long) (i + edt.base),
                   (unsigned long) eat_member,
                   _("Export RVA"));
        }
    }

  /* The Export Name Pointer Table is paired with the Export Ordinal Table.  */
  /* Dump them in parallel for clarity.  */
  fprintf (file,
           _("\n[Ordinal/Name Pointer] Table\n"));

  /* PR 17512: Handle corrupt PE binaries.  */
  if (edt.npt_addr + (edt.num_names * 4) - adj >= datasize
      /* PR 17512: file: bb68816e.  */
      || edt.num_names * 4 < edt.num_names
      || (data + edt.npt_addr - adj) < data)
    /* xgettext:c-format */
    fprintf (file, _("\tInvalid Name Pointer Table rva (0x%lx) or entry count (0x%lx)\n"),
             (long) edt.npt_addr,
             (long) edt.num_names);
  /* PR 17512: file: 140-147171-0.004.  */
  else if (edt.ot_addr + (edt.num_names * 2) - adj >= datasize
           || data + edt.ot_addr - adj < data)
    /* xgettext:c-format */
    fprintf (file, _("\tInvalid Ordinal Table rva (0x%lx) or entry count (0x%lx)\n"),
             (long) edt.ot_addr,
             (long) edt.num_names);
  else for (i = 0; i < edt.num_names; ++i)
    {
      bfd_vma  name_ptr;
      bfd_vma  ord;

      ord = bfd_get_16 (abfd, data + edt.ot_addr + (i * 2) - adj);
      name_ptr = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + edt.npt_addr + (i * 4) - adj);

      if ((name_ptr - adj) >= datasize)
        {
          /* xgettext:c-format */
          fprintf (file, _("\t[%4ld] <corrupt offset: %lx>\n"),
                   (long) ord, (long) name_ptr);
        }
      else
        {
          char * name = (char *) data + name_ptr - adj;

          fprintf (file, "\t[%4ld] %.*s\n", (long) ord,
                   (int)((char *)(data + datasize) - name), name);
        }
    }

  free (data);

  return true;
}

/* This really is architecture dependent.  On IA-64, a .pdata entry
   consists of three dwords containing relative virtual addresses that
   specify the start and end address of the code range the entry
   covers and the address of the corresponding unwind info data.

   On ARM and SH-4, a compressed PDATA structure is used :
   _IMAGE_CE_RUNTIME_FUNCTION_ENTRY, whereas MIPS is documented to use
   _IMAGE_ALPHA_RUNTIME_FUNCTION_ENTRY.
   See http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms253988(VS.80).aspx .

   This is the version for uncompressed data.  */

static bool
pe_print_pdata (bfd * abfd, void * vfile)
{
#if defined(COFF_WITH_pep) && !defined(COFF_WITH_pex64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peAArch64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peLoongArch64) && !defined (COFF_WITH_peRiscV64)
# define PDATA_ROW_SIZE (3 * 8)
#else
# define PDATA_ROW_SIZE (5 * 4)
#endif
  FILE *file = (FILE *) vfile;
  bfd_byte *data = 0;
  asection *section = bfd_get_section_by_name (abfd, ".pdata");
  bfd_size_type datasize = 0;
  bfd_size_type i;
  bfd_size_type start, stop;
  int onaline = PDATA_ROW_SIZE;

  if (section == NULL
      || (section->flags & SEC_HAS_CONTENTS) == 0
      || coff_section_data (abfd, section) == NULL
      || pei_section_data (abfd, section) == NULL)
    return true;

  stop = pei_section_data (abfd, section)->virt_size;
  if ((stop % onaline) != 0)
    fprintf (file,
             /* xgettext:c-format */
             _("warning, .pdata section size (%ld) is not a multiple of %d\n"),
             (long) stop, onaline);

  fprintf (file,
           _("\nThe Function Table (interpreted .pdata section contents)\n"));
#if defined(COFF_WITH_pep) && !defined(COFF_WITH_pex64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peAArch64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peLoongArch64) && !defined (COFF_WITH_peRiscV64)
  fprintf (file,
           _(" vma:\t\t\tBegin Address    End Address      Unwind Info\n"));
#else
  fprintf (file, _("\
 vma:\t\tBegin    End      EH       EH       PrologEnd  Exception\n\
     \t\tAddress  Address  Handler  Data     Address    Mask\n"));
#endif

  datasize = section->size;
  if (datasize == 0)
    return true;

  /* PR 17512: file: 002-193900-0.004.  */
  if (datasize < stop)
    {
      /* xgettext:c-format */
      fprintf (file, _("Virtual size of .pdata section (%ld) larger than real size (%ld)\n"),
               (long) stop, (long) datasize);
      return false;
    }

  if (! bfd_malloc_and_get_section (abfd, section, &data))
    {
      free (data);
      return false;
    }

  start = 0;

  for (i = start; i < stop; i += onaline)
    {
      bfd_vma begin_addr;
      bfd_vma end_addr;
      bfd_vma eh_handler;
      bfd_vma eh_data;
      bfd_vma prolog_end_addr;
#if !defined(COFF_WITH_pep) || defined(COFF_WITH_pex64) || defined(COFF_WITH_peAArch64) || defined(COFF_WITH_peLoongArch64) || defined (COFF_WITH_peRiscV64)
      int em_data;
#endif

      if (i + PDATA_ROW_SIZE > stop)
        break;

      begin_addr      = GET_PDATA_ENTRY (abfd, data + i     );
      end_addr        = GET_PDATA_ENTRY (abfd, data + i +  4);
      eh_handler      = GET_PDATA_ENTRY (abfd, data + i +  8);
      eh_data         = GET_PDATA_ENTRY (abfd, data + i + 12);
      prolog_end_addr = GET_PDATA_ENTRY (abfd, data + i + 16);

      if (begin_addr == 0 && end_addr == 0 && eh_handler == 0
          && eh_data == 0 && prolog_end_addr == 0)
        /* We are probably into the padding of the section now.  */
        break;

#if !defined(COFF_WITH_pep) || defined(COFF_WITH_pex64) || defined(COFF_WITH_peAArch64) || defined(COFF_WITH_peLoongArch64) || defined (COFF_WITH_peRiscV64)
      em_data = ((eh_handler & 0x1) << 2) | (prolog_end_addr & 0x3);
#endif
      eh_handler &= ~(bfd_vma) 0x3;
      prolog_end_addr &= ~(bfd_vma) 0x3;

      fputc (' ', file);
      bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, i + section->vma); fputc ('\t', file);
      bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, begin_addr); fputc (' ', file);
      bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, end_addr); fputc (' ', file);
      bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, eh_handler);
#if !defined(COFF_WITH_pep) || defined(COFF_WITH_pex64) || defined(COFF_WITH_peAArch64) || defined(COFF_WITH_peLoongArch64) || defined (COFF_WITH_peRiscV64)
      fputc (' ', file);
      bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, eh_data); fputc (' ', file);
      bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, prolog_end_addr);
      fprintf (file, "   %x", em_data);
#endif
      fprintf (file, "\n");
    }

  free (data);

  return true;
#undef PDATA_ROW_SIZE
}

typedef struct sym_cache
{
  int        symcount;
  asymbol ** syms;
} sym_cache;

static asymbol **
slurp_symtab (bfd *abfd, sym_cache *psc)
{
  asymbol ** sy = NULL;
  long storage;

  if (!(bfd_get_file_flags (abfd) & HAS_SYMS))
    {
      psc->symcount = 0;
      return NULL;
    }

  storage = bfd_get_symtab_upper_bound (abfd);
  if (storage < 0)
    return NULL;
  if (storage)
    {
      sy = (asymbol **) bfd_malloc (storage);
      if (sy == NULL)
        return NULL;
    }

  psc->symcount = bfd_canonicalize_symtab (abfd, sy);
  if (psc->symcount < 0)
    return NULL;
  return sy;
}

static const char *
my_symbol_for_address (bfd *abfd, bfd_vma func, sym_cache *psc)
{
  int i;

  if (psc->syms == 0)
    psc->syms = slurp_symtab (abfd, psc);

  for (i = 0; i < psc->symcount; i++)
    {
      if (psc->syms[i]->section->vma + psc->syms[i]->value == func)
        return psc->syms[i]->name;
    }

  return NULL;
}

static void
cleanup_syms (sym_cache *psc)
{
  psc->symcount = 0;
  free (psc->syms);
  psc->syms = NULL;
}

/* This is the version for "compressed" pdata.  */

bool
_bfd_XX_print_ce_compressed_pdata (bfd * abfd, void * vfile)
{
# define PDATA_ROW_SIZE (2 * 4)
  FILE *file = (FILE *) vfile;
  bfd_byte *data = NULL;
  asection *section = bfd_get_section_by_name (abfd, ".pdata");
  bfd_size_type datasize = 0;
  bfd_size_type i;
  bfd_size_type start, stop;
  int onaline = PDATA_ROW_SIZE;
  struct sym_cache cache = {0, 0} ;

  if (section == NULL
      || (section->flags & SEC_HAS_CONTENTS) == 0
      || coff_section_data (abfd, section) == NULL
      || pei_section_data (abfd, section) == NULL)
    return true;

  stop = pei_section_data (abfd, section)->virt_size;
  if ((stop % onaline) != 0)
    fprintf (file,
             /* xgettext:c-format */
             _("warning, .pdata section size (%ld) is not a multiple of %d\n"),
             (long) stop, onaline);

  fprintf (file,
           _("\nThe Function Table (interpreted .pdata section contents)\n"));

  fprintf (file, _("\
 vma:\t\tBegin    Prolog   Function Flags    Exception EH\n\
     \t\tAddress  Length   Length   32b exc  Handler   Data\n"));

  datasize = section->size;
  if (datasize == 0)
    return true;

  if (! bfd_malloc_and_get_section (abfd, section, &data))
    {
      free (data);
      return false;
    }

  start = 0;
  if (stop > datasize)
    stop = datasize;

  for (i = start; i < stop; i += onaline)
    {
      bfd_vma begin_addr;
      bfd_vma other_data;
      bfd_vma prolog_length, function_length;
      int flag32bit, exception_flag;
      asection *tsection;

      if (i + PDATA_ROW_SIZE > stop)
        break;

      begin_addr = GET_PDATA_ENTRY (abfd, data + i     );
      other_data = GET_PDATA_ENTRY (abfd, data + i +  4);

      if (begin_addr == 0 && other_data == 0)
        /* We are probably into the padding of the section now.  */
        break;

      prolog_length = (other_data & 0x000000FF);
      function_length = (other_data & 0x3FFFFF00) >> 8;
      flag32bit = (int)((other_data & 0x40000000) >> 30);
      exception_flag = (int)((other_data & 0x80000000) >> 31);

      fputc (' ', file);
      bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, i + section->vma); fputc ('\t', file);
      bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, begin_addr); fputc (' ', file);
      bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, prolog_length); fputc (' ', file);
      bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, function_length); fputc (' ', file);
      fprintf (file, "%2d  %2d   ", flag32bit, exception_flag);

      /* Get the exception handler's address and the data passed from the
         .text section. This is really the data that belongs with the .pdata
         but got "compressed" out for the ARM and SH4 architectures.  */
      tsection = bfd_get_section_by_name (abfd, ".text");
      if (tsection && coff_section_data (abfd, tsection)
          && pei_section_data (abfd, tsection))
        {
          bfd_vma eh_off = (begin_addr - 8) - tsection->vma;
          bfd_byte *tdata;

          tdata = (bfd_byte *) bfd_malloc (8);
          if (tdata)
            {
              if (bfd_get_section_contents (abfd, tsection, tdata, eh_off, 8))
                {
                  bfd_vma eh, eh_data;

                  eh = bfd_get_32 (abfd, tdata);
                  eh_data = bfd_get_32 (abfd, tdata + 4);
                  fprintf (file, "%08x  ", (unsigned int) eh);
                  fprintf (file, "%08x", (unsigned int) eh_data);
                  if (eh != 0)
                    {
                      const char *s = my_symbol_for_address (abfd, eh, &cache);

                      if (s)
                        fprintf (file, " (%s) ", s);
                    }
                }
              free (tdata);
            }
        }

      fprintf (file, "\n");
    }

  free (data);

  cleanup_syms (& cache);

  return true;
#undef PDATA_ROW_SIZE
}

\f
#define IMAGE_REL_BASED_HIGHADJ 4
static const char * const tbl[] =
{
  "ABSOLUTE",
  "HIGH",
  "LOW",
  "HIGHLOW",
  "HIGHADJ",
  "MIPS_JMPADDR",
  "SECTION",
  "REL32",
  "RESERVED1",
  "MIPS_JMPADDR16",
  "DIR64",
  "HIGH3ADJ",
  "UNKNOWN",   /* MUST be last.  */
};

static bool
pe_print_reloc (bfd * abfd, void * vfile)
{
  FILE *file = (FILE *) vfile;
  bfd_byte *data = 0;
  asection *section = bfd_get_section_by_name (abfd, ".reloc");
  bfd_byte *p, *end;

  if (section == NULL
      || section->size == 0
      || (section->flags & SEC_HAS_CONTENTS) == 0)
    return true;

  fprintf (file,
           _("\n\nPE File Base Relocations (interpreted .reloc section contents)\n"));

  if (! bfd_malloc_and_get_section (abfd, section, &data))
    {
      free (data);
      return false;
    }

  p = data;
  end = data + section->size;
  while (p + 8 <= end)
    {
      int j;
      bfd_vma virtual_address;
      unsigned long number, size;
      bfd_byte *chunk_end;

      /* The .reloc section is a sequence of blocks, with a header consisting
         of two 32 bit quantities, followed by a number of 16 bit entries.  */
      virtual_address = bfd_get_32 (abfd, p);
      size = bfd_get_32 (abfd, p + 4);
      p += 8;
      number = (size - 8) / 2;

      if (size == 0)
        break;

      fprintf (file,
               /* xgettext:c-format */
               _("\nVirtual Address: %08lx Chunk size %ld (0x%lx) Number of fixups %ld\n"),
               (unsigned long) virtual_address, size, size, number);

      chunk_end = p - 8 + size;
      if (chunk_end > end)
        chunk_end = end;
      j = 0;
      while (p + 2 <= chunk_end)
        {
          unsigned short e = bfd_get_16 (abfd, p);
          unsigned int t = (e & 0xF000) >> 12;
          int off = e & 0x0FFF;

          if (t >= sizeof (tbl) / sizeof (tbl[0]))
            t = (sizeof (tbl) / sizeof (tbl[0])) - 1;

          fprintf (file,
                   /* xgettext:c-format */
                   _("\treloc %4d offset %4x [%4lx] %s"),
                   j, off, (unsigned long) (off + virtual_address), tbl[t]);

          p += 2;
          j++;

          /* HIGHADJ takes an argument, - the next record *is* the
             low 16 bits of addend.  */
          if (t == IMAGE_REL_BASED_HIGHADJ && p + 2 <= chunk_end)
            {
              fprintf (file, " (%4x)", (unsigned int) bfd_get_16 (abfd, p));
              p += 2;
              j++;
            }

          fprintf (file, "\n");
        }
    }

  free (data);

  return true;
}
\f
/* A data structure describing the regions of a .rsrc section.
   Some fields are filled in as the section is parsed.  */

typedef struct rsrc_regions
{
  bfd_byte * section_start;
  bfd_byte * section_end;
  bfd_byte * strings_start;
  bfd_byte * resource_start;
} rsrc_regions;

static bfd_byte *
rsrc_print_resource_directory (FILE * , bfd *, unsigned int, bfd_byte *,
                               rsrc_regions *, bfd_vma);

/* Print the resource entry at DATA, with the text indented by INDENT.
   Recusively calls rsrc_print_resource_directory to print the contents
   of directory entries.
   Returns the address of the end of the data associated with the entry
   or section_end + 1 upon failure.  */

static bfd_byte *
rsrc_print_resource_entries (FILE *file,
                             bfd *abfd,
                             unsigned int indent,
                             bool is_name,
                             bfd_byte *data,
                             rsrc_regions *regions,
                             bfd_vma rva_bias)
{
  unsigned long entry, addr, size;
  bfd_byte * leaf;

  if (data + 8 >= regions->section_end)
    return regions->section_end + 1;

  /* xgettext:c-format */
  fprintf (file, _("%03x %*.s Entry: "), (int)(data - regions->section_start), indent, " ");

  entry = (unsigned long) bfd_get_32 (abfd, data);
  if (is_name)
    {
      bfd_byte * name;

      /* Note - the documentation says that this field is an RVA value
         but windres appears to produce a section relative offset with
         the top bit set.  Support both styles for now.  */
      if (HighBitSet (entry))
        name = regions->section_start + WithoutHighBit (entry);
      else
        name = regions->section_start + entry - rva_bias;

      if (name + 2 < regions->section_end && name > regions->section_start)
        {
          unsigned int len;

          if (regions->strings_start == NULL)
            regions->strings_start = name;

          len = bfd_get_16 (abfd, name);

          fprintf (file, _("name: [val: %08lx len %d]: "), entry, len);

          if (name + 2 + len * 2 < regions->section_end)
            {
              /* This strange loop is to cope with multibyte characters.  */
              while (len --)
                {
                  char c;

                  name += 2;
                  c = * name;
                  /* Avoid printing control characters.  */
                  if (c > 0 && c < 32)
                    fprintf (file, "^%c", c + 64);
                  else
                    fprintf (file, "%.1s", name);
                }
            }
          else
            {
              fprintf (file, _("<corrupt string length: %#x>\n"), len);
              /* PR binutils/17512: Do not try to continue decoding a
                 corrupted resource section.  It is likely to end up with
                 reams of extraneous output.  FIXME: We could probably
                 continue if we disable the printing of strings...  */
              return regions->section_end + 1;
            }
        }
      else
        {
          fprintf (file, _("<corrupt string offset: %#lx>\n"), entry);
          return regions->section_end + 1;
        }
    }
  else
    fprintf (file, _("ID: %#08lx"), entry);

  entry = (long) bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + 4);
  fprintf (file, _(", Value: %#08lx\n"), entry);

  if (HighBitSet  (entry))
    {
      data = regions->section_start + WithoutHighBit (entry);
      if (data <= regions->section_start || data > regions->section_end)
        return regions->section_end + 1;

      /* FIXME: PR binutils/17512: A corrupt file could contain a loop
         in the resource table.  We need some way to detect this.  */
      return rsrc_print_resource_directory (file, abfd, indent + 1, data,
                                            regions, rva_bias);
    }

  leaf = regions->section_start + entry;

  if (leaf + 16 >= regions->section_end
      /* PR 17512: file: 055dff7e.  */
      || leaf < regions->section_start)
    return regions->section_end + 1;

  /* xgettext:c-format */
  fprintf (file, _("%03x %*.s  Leaf: Addr: %#08lx, Size: %#08lx, Codepage: %d\n"),
           (int) (entry), indent, " ",
           addr = (long) bfd_get_32 (abfd, leaf),
           size = (long) bfd_get_32 (abfd, leaf + 4),
           (int) bfd_get_32 (abfd, leaf + 8));

  /* Check that the reserved entry is 0.  */
  if (bfd_get_32 (abfd, leaf + 12) != 0
      /* And that the data address/size is valid too.  */
      || (regions->section_start + (addr - rva_bias) + size > regions->section_end))
    return regions->section_end + 1;

  if (regions->resource_start == NULL)
    regions->resource_start = regions->section_start + (addr - rva_bias);

  return regions->section_start + (addr - rva_bias) + size;
}

#define max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))

static bfd_byte *
rsrc_print_resource_directory (FILE *         file,
                               bfd *          abfd,
                               unsigned int   indent,
                               bfd_byte *     data,
                               rsrc_regions * regions,
                               bfd_vma        rva_bias)
{
  unsigned int num_names, num_ids;
  bfd_byte * highest_data = data;

  if (data + 16 >= regions->section_end)
    return regions->section_end + 1;

  fprintf (file, "%03x %*.s ", (int)(data - regions->section_start), indent, " ");
  switch (indent)
    {
    case 0: fprintf (file, "Type"); break;
    case 2: fprintf (file, "Name"); break;
    case 4: fprintf (file, "Language"); break;
    default:
      fprintf (file, _("<unknown directory type: %d>\n"), indent);
      /* FIXME: For now we end the printing here.  If in the
         future more directory types are added to the RSRC spec
         then we will need to change this.  */
      return regions->section_end + 1;
    }

  /* xgettext:c-format */
  fprintf (file, _(" Table: Char: %d, Time: %08lx, Ver: %d/%d, Num Names: %d, IDs: %d\n"),
           (int) bfd_get_32 (abfd, data),
           (long) bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + 4),
           (int)  bfd_get_16 (abfd, data + 8),
           (int)  bfd_get_16 (abfd, data + 10),
           num_names = (int) bfd_get_16 (abfd, data + 12),
           num_ids =   (int) bfd_get_16 (abfd, data + 14));
  data += 16;

  while (num_names --)
    {
      bfd_byte * entry_end;

      entry_end = rsrc_print_resource_entries (file, abfd, indent + 1, true,
                                               data, regions, rva_bias);
      data += 8;
      highest_data = max (highest_data, entry_end);
      if (entry_end >= regions->section_end)
        return entry_end;
    }

  while (num_ids --)
    {
      bfd_byte * entry_end;

      entry_end = rsrc_print_resource_entries (file, abfd, indent + 1, false,
                                               data, regions, rva_bias);
      data += 8;
      highest_data = max (highest_data, entry_end);
      if (entry_end >= regions->section_end)
        return entry_end;
    }

  return max (highest_data, data);
}

/* Display the contents of a .rsrc section.  We do not try to
   reproduce the resources, windres does that.  Instead we dump
   the tables in a human readable format.  */

static bool
rsrc_print_section (bfd * abfd, void * vfile)
{
  bfd_vma rva_bias;
  pe_data_type * pe;
  FILE * file = (FILE *) vfile;
  bfd_size_type datasize;
  asection * section;
  bfd_byte * data;
  rsrc_regions regions;

  pe = pe_data (abfd);
  if (pe == NULL)
    return true;

  section = bfd_get_section_by_name (abfd, ".rsrc");
  if (section == NULL)
    return true;
  if (!(section->flags & SEC_HAS_CONTENTS))
    return true;

  datasize = section->size;
  if (datasize == 0)
    return true;

  rva_bias = section->vma - pe->pe_opthdr.ImageBase;

  if (! bfd_malloc_and_get_section (abfd, section, & data))
    {
      free (data);
      return false;
    }

  regions.section_start = data;
  regions.section_end = data + datasize;
  regions.strings_start = NULL;
  regions.resource_start = NULL;

  fflush (file);
  fprintf (file, "\nThe .rsrc Resource Directory section:\n");

  while (data < regions.section_end)
    {
      bfd_byte * p = data;

      data = rsrc_print_resource_directory (file, abfd, 0, data, & regions, rva_bias);

      if (data == regions.section_end + 1)
        fprintf (file, _("Corrupt .rsrc section detected!\n"));
      else
        {
          /* Align data before continuing.  */
          int align = (1 << section->alignment_power) - 1;

          data = (bfd_byte *) (((ptrdiff_t) (data + align)) & ~ align);
          rva_bias += data - p;

          /* For reasons that are unclear .rsrc sections are sometimes created
             aligned to a 1^3 boundary even when their alignment is set at
             1^2.  Catch that case here before we issue a spurious warning
             message.  */
          if (data == (regions.section_end - 4))
            data = regions.section_end;
          else if (data < regions.section_end)
            {
              /* If the extra data is all zeros then do not complain.
                 This is just padding so that the section meets the
                 page size requirements.  */
              while (++ data < regions.section_end)
                if (*data != 0)
                  break;
              if (data < regions.section_end)
                fprintf (file, _("\nWARNING: Extra data in .rsrc section - it will be ignored by Windows:\n"));
            }
        }
    }

  if (regions.strings_start != NULL)
    fprintf (file, _(" String table starts at offset: %#03x\n"),
             (int) (regions.strings_start - regions.section_start));
  if (regions.resource_start != NULL)
    fprintf (file, _(" Resources start at offset: %#03x\n"),
             (int) (regions.resource_start - regions.section_start));

  free (regions.section_start);
  return true;
}

#define IMAGE_NUMBEROF_DEBUG_TYPES 17

static char * debug_type_names[IMAGE_NUMBEROF_DEBUG_TYPES] =
{
  "Unknown",
  "COFF",
  "CodeView",
  "FPO",
  "Misc",
  "Exception",
  "Fixup",
  "OMAP-to-SRC",
  "OMAP-from-SRC",
  "Borland",
  "Reserved",
  "CLSID",
  "Feature",
  "CoffGrp",
  "ILTCG",
  "MPX",
  "Repro",
};

static bool
pe_print_debugdata (bfd * abfd, void * vfile)
{
  FILE *file = (FILE *) vfile;
  pe_data_type *pe = pe_data (abfd);
  struct internal_extra_pe_aouthdr *extra = &pe->pe_opthdr;
  asection *section;
  bfd_byte *data = 0;
  bfd_size_type dataoff;
  unsigned int i, j;

  bfd_vma addr = extra->DataDirectory[PE_DEBUG_DATA].VirtualAddress;
  bfd_size_type size = extra->DataDirectory[PE_DEBUG_DATA].Size;

  if (size == 0)
    return true;

  addr += extra->ImageBase;
  for (section = abfd->sections; section != NULL; section = section->next)
    {
      if ((addr >= section->vma) && (addr < (section->vma + section->size)))
        break;
    }

  if (section == NULL)
    {
      fprintf (file,
               _("\nThere is a debug directory, but the section containing it could not be found\n"));
      return true;
    }
  else if (!(section->flags & SEC_HAS_CONTENTS))
    {
      fprintf (file,
               _("\nThere is a debug directory in %s, but that section has no contents\n"),
               section->name);
      return true;
    }
  else if (section->size < size)
    {
      fprintf (file,
               _("\nError: section %s contains the debug data starting address but it is too small\n"),
               section->name);
      return false;
    }

  fprintf (file, _("\nThere is a debug directory in %s at 0x%lx\n\n"),
           section->name, (unsigned long) addr);

  dataoff = addr - section->vma;

  if (size > (section->size - dataoff))
    {
      fprintf (file, _("The debug data size field in the data directory is too big for the section"));
      return false;
    }

  fprintf (file,
           _("Type                Size     Rva      Offset\n"));

  /* Read the whole section.  */
  if (!bfd_malloc_and_get_section (abfd, section, &data))
    {
      free (data);
      return false;
    }

  for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof (struct external_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY); i++)
    {
      const char *type_name;
      struct external_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY *ext
        = &((struct external_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY *)(data + dataoff))[i];
      struct internal_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY idd;

      _bfd_XXi_swap_debugdir_in (abfd, ext, &idd);

      if ((idd.Type) >= IMAGE_NUMBEROF_DEBUG_TYPES)
        type_name = debug_type_names[0];
      else
        type_name = debug_type_names[idd.Type];

      fprintf (file, " %2ld  %14s %08lx %08lx %08lx\n",
               idd.Type, type_name, idd.SizeOfData,
               idd.AddressOfRawData, idd.PointerToRawData);

      if (idd.Type == PE_IMAGE_DEBUG_TYPE_CODEVIEW)
        {
          char signature[CV_INFO_SIGNATURE_LENGTH * 2 + 1];
          /* PR 17512: file: 065-29434-0.001:0.1
             We need to use a 32-bit aligned buffer
             to safely read in a codeview record.  */
          char buffer[256 + 1] ATTRIBUTE_ALIGNED_ALIGNOF (CODEVIEW_INFO);
          char *pdb;

          CODEVIEW_INFO *cvinfo = (CODEVIEW_INFO *) buffer;

          /* The debug entry doesn't have to have to be in a section,
             in which case AddressOfRawData is 0, so always use PointerToRawData.  */
          if (!_bfd_XXi_slurp_codeview_record (abfd, (file_ptr) idd.PointerToRawData,
                                               idd.SizeOfData, cvinfo, &pdb))
            continue;

          for (j = 0; j < cvinfo->SignatureLength; j++)
            sprintf (&signature[j*2], "%02x", cvinfo->Signature[j] & 0xff);

          /* xgettext:c-format */
          fprintf (file, _("(format %c%c%c%c signature %s age %ld pdb %s)\n"),
                   buffer[0], buffer[1], buffer[2], buffer[3],
                   signature, cvinfo->Age, pdb[0] ? pdb : "(none)");

          free (pdb);
        }
    }

  free(data);

  if (size % sizeof (struct external_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY) != 0)
    fprintf (file,
            _("The debug directory size is not a multiple of the debug directory entry size\n"));

  return true;
}

static bool
pe_is_repro (bfd * abfd)
{
  pe_data_type *pe = pe_data (abfd);
  struct internal_extra_pe_aouthdr *extra = &pe->pe_opthdr;
  asection *section;
  bfd_byte *data = 0;
  bfd_size_type dataoff;
  unsigned int i;
  bool res = false;

  bfd_vma addr = extra->DataDirectory[PE_DEBUG_DATA].VirtualAddress;
  bfd_size_type size = extra->DataDirectory[PE_DEBUG_DATA].Size;

  if (size == 0)
    return false;

  addr += extra->ImageBase;
  for (section = abfd->sections; section != NULL; section = section->next)
    {
      if ((addr >= section->vma) && (addr < (section->vma + section->size)))
        break;
    }

  if ((section == NULL)
      || (!(section->flags & SEC_HAS_CONTENTS))
      || (section->size < size))
    {
      return false;
    }

  dataoff = addr - section->vma;

  if (size > (section->size - dataoff))
    {
      return false;
    }

  if (!bfd_malloc_and_get_section (abfd, section, &data))
    {
      free (data);
      return false;
    }

  for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof (struct external_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY); i++)
    {
      struct external_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY *ext
        = &((struct external_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY *)(data + dataoff))[i];
      struct internal_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY idd;

      _bfd_XXi_swap_debugdir_in (abfd, ext, &idd);

      if (idd.Type == PE_IMAGE_DEBUG_TYPE_REPRO)
        {
          res = true;
          break;
        }
    }

  free(data);

  return res;
}

/* Print out the program headers.  */

bool
_bfd_XX_print_private_bfd_data_common (bfd * abfd, void * vfile)
{
  FILE *file = (FILE *) vfile;
  int j;
  pe_data_type *pe = pe_data (abfd);
  struct internal_extra_pe_aouthdr *i = &pe->pe_opthdr;
  const char *subsystem_name = NULL;
  const char *name;

  /* The MS dumpbin program reportedly ands with 0xff0f before
     printing the characteristics field.  Not sure why.  No reason to
     emulate it here.  */
  fprintf (file, _("\nCharacteristics 0x%x\n"), pe->real_flags);
#undef PF
#define PF(x, y) if (pe->real_flags & x) { fprintf (file, "\t%s\n", y); }
  PF (IMAGE_FILE_RELOCS_STRIPPED, "relocations stripped");
  PF (IMAGE_FILE_EXECUTABLE_IMAGE, "executable");
  PF (IMAGE_FILE_LINE_NUMS_STRIPPED, "line numbers stripped");
  PF (IMAGE_FILE_LOCAL_SYMS_STRIPPED, "symbols stripped");
  PF (IMAGE_FILE_LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE, "large address aware");
  PF (IMAGE_FILE_BYTES_REVERSED_LO, "little endian");
  PF (IMAGE_FILE_32BIT_MACHINE, "32 bit words");
  PF (IMAGE_FILE_DEBUG_STRIPPED, "debugging information removed");
  PF (IMAGE_FILE_REMOVABLE_RUN_FROM_SWAP, "copy to swap file if on removable media");
  PF (IMAGE_FILE_NET_RUN_FROM_SWAP, "copy to swap file if on network media");
  PF (IMAGE_FILE_SYSTEM, "system file");
  PF (IMAGE_FILE_DLL, "DLL");
  PF (IMAGE_FILE_UP_SYSTEM_ONLY, "run only on uniprocessor machine");
  PF (IMAGE_FILE_BYTES_REVERSED_HI, "big endian");
#undef PF

  /*
    If a PE_IMAGE_DEBUG_TYPE_REPRO entry is present in the debug directory, the
    timestamp is to be interpreted as the hash of a reproducible build.
  */
  if (pe_is_repro (abfd))
    {
      fprintf (file, "\nTime/Date\t\t%08lx", pe->coff.timestamp);
      fprintf (file, "\t(This is a reproducible build file hash, not a timestamp)\n");
    }
  else
    {
      /* ctime implies '\n'.  */
      time_t t = pe->coff.timestamp;
      fprintf (file, "\nTime/Date\t\t%s", ctime (&t));
    }

#ifndef IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR_MAGIC
# define IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR_MAGIC 0x10b
#endif
#ifndef IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR64_MAGIC
# define IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR64_MAGIC 0x20b
#endif
#ifndef IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDRROM_MAGIC
# define IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDRROM_MAGIC 0x107
#endif

  switch (i->Magic)
    {
    case IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR_MAGIC:
      name = "PE32";
      break;
    case IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR64_MAGIC:
      name = "PE32+";
      break;
    case IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDRROM_MAGIC:
      name = "ROM";
      break;
    default:
      name = NULL;
      break;
    }
  fprintf (file, "Magic\t\t\t%04x", i->Magic);
  if (name)
    fprintf (file, "\t(%s)",name);
  fprintf (file, "\nMajorLinkerVersion\t%d\n", i->MajorLinkerVersion);
  fprintf (file, "MinorLinkerVersion\t%d\n", i->MinorLinkerVersion);
  fprintf (file, "SizeOfCode\t\t");
  bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, i->SizeOfCode);
  fprintf (file, "\nSizeOfInitializedData\t");
  bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, i->SizeOfInitializedData);
  fprintf (file, "\nSizeOfUninitializedData\t");
  bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, i->SizeOfUninitializedData);
  fprintf (file, "\nAddressOfEntryPoint\t");
  bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, i->AddressOfEntryPoint);
  fprintf (file, "\nBaseOfCode\t\t");
  bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, i->BaseOfCode);
#if !defined(COFF_WITH_pep) && !defined(COFF_WITH_pex64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peAArch64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peLoongArch64) && !defined (COFF_WITH_peRiscV64)
  /* PE32+ does not have BaseOfData member!  */
  fprintf (file, "\nBaseOfData\t\t");
  bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, i->BaseOfData);
#endif

  fprintf (file, "\nImageBase\t\t");
  bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, i->ImageBase);
  fprintf (file, "\nSectionAlignment\t%08x\n", i->SectionAlignment);
  fprintf (file, "FileAlignment\t\t%08x\n", i->FileAlignment);
  fprintf (file, "MajorOSystemVersion\t%d\n", i->MajorOperatingSystemVersion);
  fprintf (file, "MinorOSystemVersion\t%d\n", i->MinorOperatingSystemVersion);
  fprintf (file, "MajorImageVersion\t%d\n", i->MajorImageVersion);
  fprintf (file, "MinorImageVersion\t%d\n", i->MinorImageVersion);
  fprintf (file, "MajorSubsystemVersion\t%d\n", i->MajorSubsystemVersion);
  fprintf (file, "MinorSubsystemVersion\t%d\n", i->MinorSubsystemVersion);
  fprintf (file, "Win32Version\t\t%08x\n", i->Reserved1);
  fprintf (file, "SizeOfImage\t\t%08x\n", i->SizeOfImage);
  fprintf (file, "SizeOfHeaders\t\t%08x\n", i->SizeOfHeaders);
  fprintf (file, "CheckSum\t\t%08x\n", i->CheckSum);

  switch (i->Subsystem)
    {
    case IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_UNKNOWN:
      subsystem_name = "unspecified";
      break;
    case IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_NATIVE:
      subsystem_name = "NT native";
      break;
    case IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_GUI:
      subsystem_name = "Windows GUI";
      break;
    case IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_CUI:
      subsystem_name = "Windows CUI";
      break;
    case IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_POSIX_CUI:
      subsystem_name = "POSIX CUI";
      break;
    case IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_CE_GUI:
      subsystem_name = "Wince CUI";
      break;
    /* These are from UEFI Platform Initialization Specification 1.1.  */
    case IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_APPLICATION:
      subsystem_name = "EFI application";
      break;
    case IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_BOOT_SERVICE_DRIVER:
      subsystem_name = "EFI boot service driver";
      break;
    case IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_RUNTIME_DRIVER:
      subsystem_name = "EFI runtime driver";
      break;
    case IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_SAL_RUNTIME_DRIVER:
      subsystem_name = "SAL runtime driver";
      break;
    /* This is from revision 8.0 of the MS PE/COFF spec  */
    case IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_XBOX:
      subsystem_name = "XBOX";
      break;
    /* Added default case for clarity - subsystem_name is NULL anyway.  */
    default:
      subsystem_name = NULL;
    }

  fprintf (file, "Subsystem\t\t%08x", i->Subsystem);
  if (subsystem_name)
    fprintf (file, "\t(%s)", subsystem_name);
  fprintf (file, "\nDllCharacteristics\t%08x\n", i->DllCharacteristics);
  if (i->DllCharacteristics)
    {
      unsigned short dllch = i->DllCharacteristics;
      const char *indent = "\t\t\t\t\t";

      if (dllch & IMAGE_DLL_CHARACTERISTICS_HIGH_ENTROPY_VA)
        fprintf (file, "%sHIGH_ENTROPY_VA\n", indent);
      if (dllch & IMAGE_DLL_CHARACTERISTICS_DYNAMIC_BASE)
        fprintf (file, "%sDYNAMIC_BASE\n", indent);
      if (dllch & IMAGE_DLL_CHARACTERISTICS_FORCE_INTEGRITY)
        fprintf (file, "%sFORCE_INTEGRITY\n", indent);
      if (dllch & IMAGE_DLL_CHARACTERISTICS_NX_COMPAT)
        fprintf (file, "%sNX_COMPAT\n", indent);
      if (dllch & IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NO_ISOLATION)
        fprintf (file, "%sNO_ISOLATION\n", indent);
      if (dllch & IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NO_SEH)
        fprintf (file, "%sNO_SEH\n", indent);
      if (dllch & IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_NO_BIND)
        fprintf (file, "%sNO_BIND\n", indent);
      if (dllch & IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_APPCONTAINER)
        fprintf (file, "%sAPPCONTAINER\n", indent);
      if (dllch & IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_WDM_DRIVER)
        fprintf (file, "%sWDM_DRIVER\n", indent);
      if (dllch & IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_GUARD_CF)
        fprintf (file, "%sGUARD_CF\n", indent);
      if (dllch & IMAGE_DLLCHARACTERISTICS_TERMINAL_SERVER_AWARE)
        fprintf (file, "%sTERMINAL_SERVICE_AWARE\n", indent);
    }
  fprintf (file, "SizeOfStackReserve\t");
  bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, i->SizeOfStackReserve);
  fprintf (file, "\nSizeOfStackCommit\t");
  bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, i->SizeOfStackCommit);
  fprintf (file, "\nSizeOfHeapReserve\t");
  bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, i->SizeOfHeapReserve);
  fprintf (file, "\nSizeOfHeapCommit\t");
  bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, i->SizeOfHeapCommit);
  fprintf (file, "\nLoaderFlags\t\t%08lx\n", (unsigned long) i->LoaderFlags);
  fprintf (file, "NumberOfRvaAndSizes\t%08lx\n",
           (unsigned long) i->NumberOfRvaAndSizes);

  fprintf (file, "\nThe Data Directory\n");
  for (j = 0; j < IMAGE_NUMBEROF_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES; j++)
    {
      fprintf (file, "Entry %1x ", j);
      bfd_fprintf_vma (abfd, file, i->DataDirectory[j].VirtualAddress);
      fprintf (file, " %08lx ", (unsigned long) i->DataDirectory[j].Size);
      fprintf (file, "%s\n", dir_names[j]);
    }

  pe_print_idata (abfd, vfile);
  pe_print_edata (abfd, vfile);
  if (bfd_coff_have_print_pdata (abfd))
    bfd_coff_print_pdata (abfd, vfile);
  else
    pe_print_pdata (abfd, vfile);
  pe_print_reloc (abfd, vfile);
  pe_print_debugdata (abfd, file);

  rsrc_print_section (abfd, vfile);

  return true;
}

static bool
is_vma_in_section (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, asection *sect, void *obj)
{
  bfd_vma addr = * (bfd_vma *) obj;
  return (addr >= sect->vma) && (addr < (sect->vma + sect->size));
}

static asection *
find_section_by_vma (bfd *abfd, bfd_vma addr)
{
  return bfd_sections_find_if (abfd, is_vma_in_section, (void *) & addr);
}

/* Copy any private info we understand from the input bfd
   to the output bfd.  */

bool
_bfd_XX_bfd_copy_private_bfd_data_common (bfd * ibfd, bfd * obfd)
{
  pe_data_type *ipe, *ope;
  bfd_size_type size;

  /* One day we may try to grok other private data.  */
  if (ibfd->xvec->flavour != bfd_target_coff_flavour
      || obfd->xvec->flavour != bfd_target_coff_flavour)
    return true;

  ipe = pe_data (ibfd);
  ope = pe_data (obfd);

  /* pe_opthdr is copied in copy_object.  */
  ope->dll = ipe->dll;

  /* Don't copy input subsystem if output is different from input.  */
  if (obfd->xvec != ibfd->xvec)
    ope->pe_opthdr.Subsystem = IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_UNKNOWN;

  /* For strip: if we removed .reloc, we'll make a real mess of things
     if we don't remove this entry as well.  */
  if (! pe_data (obfd)->has_reloc_section)
    {
      pe_data (obfd)->pe_opthdr.DataDirectory[PE_BASE_RELOCATION_TABLE].VirtualAddress = 0;
      pe_data (obfd)->pe_opthdr.DataDirectory[PE_BASE_RELOCATION_TABLE].Size = 0;
    }

  /* For PIE, if there is .reloc, we won't add IMAGE_FILE_RELOCS_STRIPPED.
     But there is no .reloc, we make sure that IMAGE_FILE_RELOCS_STRIPPED
     won't be added.  */
  if (! pe_data (ibfd)->has_reloc_section
      && ! (pe_data (ibfd)->real_flags & IMAGE_FILE_RELOCS_STRIPPED))
    pe_data (obfd)->dont_strip_reloc = 1;

  memcpy (ope->dos_message, ipe->dos_message, sizeof (ope->dos_message));

  /* The file offsets contained in the debug directory need rewriting.  */
  size = ope->pe_opthdr.DataDirectory[PE_DEBUG_DATA].Size;
  if (size != 0)
    {
      bfd_vma addr = ope->pe_opthdr.DataDirectory[PE_DEBUG_DATA].VirtualAddress
        + ope->pe_opthdr.ImageBase;
      /* In particular a .buildid section may overlap (in VA space) with
         whatever section comes ahead of it (largely because of section->size
         representing s_size, not virt_size).  Therefore don't look for the
         section containing the first byte, but for that covering the last
         one.  */
      bfd_vma last = addr + size - 1;
      asection *section = find_section_by_vma (obfd, last);

      if (section != NULL)
        {
          bfd_byte *data;
          bfd_vma dataoff = addr - section->vma;

          /* PR 17512: file: 0f15796a.  */
          if (addr < section->vma
              || section->size < dataoff
              || section->size - dataoff < size)
            {
              /* xgettext:c-format */
              _bfd_error_handler
                (_("%pB: Data Directory (%lx bytes at %" PRIx64 ") "
                   "extends across section boundary at %" PRIx64),
                 obfd, ope->pe_opthdr.DataDirectory[PE_DEBUG_DATA].Size,
                 (uint64_t) addr, (uint64_t) section->vma);
              return false;
            }

          if ((section->flags & SEC_HAS_CONTENTS) != 0
              && bfd_malloc_and_get_section (obfd, section, &data))
            {
              unsigned int i;
              struct external_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY *dd =
                (struct external_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY *)(data + dataoff);

              for (i = 0; i < ope->pe_opthdr.DataDirectory[PE_DEBUG_DATA].Size
                     / sizeof (struct external_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY); i++)
                {
                  asection *ddsection;
                  struct external_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY *edd = &(dd[i]);
                  struct internal_IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY idd;
                  bfd_vma idd_vma;

                  _bfd_XXi_swap_debugdir_in (obfd, edd, &idd);

                  /* RVA 0 means only offset is valid, not handled yet.  */
                  if (idd.AddressOfRawData == 0)
                    continue;

                  idd_vma = idd.AddressOfRawData + ope->pe_opthdr.ImageBase;
                  ddsection = find_section_by_vma (obfd, idd_vma);
                  if (!ddsection)
                    continue; /* Not in a section! */

                  idd.PointerToRawData
                    = ddsection->filepos + idd_vma - ddsection->vma;
                  _bfd_XXi_swap_debugdir_out (obfd, &idd, edd);
                }

              if (!bfd_set_section_contents (obfd, section, data, 0,
                                             section->size))
                {
                  _bfd_error_handler (_("failed to update file offsets"
                                        " in debug directory"));
                  free (data);
                  return false;
                }
              free (data);
            }
          else
            {
              _bfd_error_handler (_("%pB: failed to read "
                                    "debug data section"), obfd);
              return false;
            }
        }
    }

  return true;
}

/* Copy private section data.  */

bool
_bfd_XX_bfd_copy_private_section_data (bfd *ibfd,
                                       asection *isec,
                                       bfd *obfd,
                                       asection *osec)
{
  if (bfd_get_flavour (ibfd) != bfd_target_coff_flavour
      || bfd_get_flavour (obfd) != bfd_target_coff_flavour)
    return true;

  if (coff_section_data (ibfd, isec) != NULL
      && pei_section_data (ibfd, isec) != NULL)
    {
      if (coff_section_data (obfd, osec) == NULL)
        {
          size_t amt = sizeof (struct coff_section_tdata);
          osec->used_by_bfd = bfd_zalloc (obfd, amt);
          if (osec->used_by_bfd == NULL)
            return false;
        }

      if (pei_section_data (obfd, osec) == NULL)
        {
          size_t amt = sizeof (struct pei_section_tdata);
          coff_section_data (obfd, osec)->tdata = bfd_zalloc (obfd, amt);
          if (coff_section_data (obfd, osec)->tdata == NULL)
            return false;
        }

      pei_section_data (obfd, osec)->virt_size =
        pei_section_data (ibfd, isec)->virt_size;
      pei_section_data (obfd, osec)->pe_flags =
        pei_section_data (ibfd, isec)->pe_flags;
    }

  return true;
}

void
_bfd_XX_get_symbol_info (bfd * abfd, asymbol *symbol, symbol_info *ret)
{
  coff_get_symbol_info (abfd, symbol, ret);
}

#if !defined(COFF_WITH_pep) && (defined(COFF_WITH_pex64) || defined(COFF_WITH_peAArch64) || defined(COFF_WITH_peLoongArch64) || defined (COFF_WITH_peRiscV64))
static int
sort_x64_pdata (const void *l, const void *r)
{
  const char *lp = (const char *) l;
  const char *rp = (const char *) r;
  bfd_vma vl, vr;
  vl = bfd_getl32 (lp); vr = bfd_getl32 (rp);
  if (vl != vr)
    return (vl < vr ? -1 : 1);
  /* We compare just begin address.  */
  return 0;
}
#endif
\f
/* Functions to process a .rsrc section.  */

static unsigned int sizeof_leaves;
static unsigned int sizeof_strings;
static unsigned int sizeof_tables_and_entries;

static bfd_byte *
rsrc_count_directory (bfd *, bfd_byte *, bfd_byte *, bfd_byte *, bfd_vma);

static bfd_byte *
rsrc_count_entries (bfd *abfd,
                    bool is_name,
                    bfd_byte *datastart,
                    bfd_byte *data,
                    bfd_byte *dataend,
                    bfd_vma rva_bias)
{
  unsigned long entry, addr, size;

  if (data + 8 >= dataend)
    return dataend + 1;

  if (is_name)
    {
      bfd_byte * name;

      entry = (long) bfd_get_32 (abfd, data);

      if (HighBitSet (entry))
        name = datastart + WithoutHighBit (entry);
      else
        name = datastart + entry - rva_bias;

      if (name + 2 >= dataend || name < datastart)
        return dataend + 1;

      unsigned int len = bfd_get_16 (abfd, name);
      if (len == 0 || len > 256)
        return dataend + 1;
    }

  entry = (long) bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + 4);

  if (HighBitSet (entry))
    {
      data = datastart + WithoutHighBit (entry);

      if (data <= datastart || data >= dataend)
        return dataend + 1;

      return rsrc_count_directory (abfd, datastart, data, dataend, rva_bias);
    }

  if (datastart + entry + 16 >= dataend)
    return dataend + 1;

  addr = (long) bfd_get_32 (abfd, datastart + entry);
  size = (long) bfd_get_32 (abfd, datastart + entry + 4);

  return datastart + addr - rva_bias + size;
}

static bfd_byte *
rsrc_count_directory (bfd *          abfd,
                      bfd_byte *     datastart,
                      bfd_byte *     data,
                      bfd_byte *     dataend,
                      bfd_vma        rva_bias)
{
  unsigned int  num_entries, num_ids;
  bfd_byte *    highest_data = data;

  if (data + 16 >= dataend)
    return dataend + 1;

  num_entries  = (int) bfd_get_16 (abfd, data + 12);
  num_ids      = (int) bfd_get_16 (abfd, data + 14);

  num_entries += num_ids;

  data += 16;

  while (num_entries --)
    {
      bfd_byte * entry_end;

      entry_end = rsrc_count_entries (abfd, num_entries >= num_ids,
                                      datastart, data, dataend, rva_bias);
      data += 8;
      highest_data = max (highest_data, entry_end);
      if (entry_end >= dataend)
        break;
    }

  return max (highest_data, data);
}

typedef struct rsrc_dir_chain
{
  unsigned int         num_entries;
  struct rsrc_entry *  first_entry;
  struct rsrc_entry *  last_entry;
} rsrc_dir_chain;

typedef struct rsrc_directory
{
  unsigned int characteristics;
  unsigned int time;
  unsigned int major;
  unsigned int minor;

  rsrc_dir_chain names;
  rsrc_dir_chain ids;

  struct rsrc_entry * entry;
} rsrc_directory;

typedef struct rsrc_string
{
  unsigned int  len;
  bfd_byte *    string;
} rsrc_string;

typedef struct rsrc_leaf
{
  unsigned int  size;
  unsigned int  codepage;
  bfd_byte *    data;
} rsrc_leaf;

typedef struct rsrc_entry
{
  bool is_name;
  union
  {
    unsigned int          id;
    struct rsrc_string    name;
  } name_id;

  bool is_dir;
  union
  {
    struct rsrc_directory * directory;
    struct rsrc_leaf *      leaf;
  } value;

  struct rsrc_entry *     next_entry;
  struct rsrc_directory * parent;
} rsrc_entry;

static bfd_byte *
rsrc_parse_directory (bfd *, rsrc_directory *, bfd_byte *,
                      bfd_byte *, bfd_byte *, bfd_vma, rsrc_entry *);

static bfd_byte *
rsrc_parse_entry (bfd *abfd,
                  bool is_name,
                  rsrc_entry *entry,
                  bfd_byte *datastart,
                  bfd_byte * data,
                  bfd_byte *dataend,
                  bfd_vma rva_bias,
                  rsrc_directory *parent)
{
  unsigned long val, addr, size;

  val = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data);

  entry->parent = parent;
  entry->is_name = is_name;

  if (is_name)
    {
      bfd_byte * address;

      if (HighBitSet (val))
        {
          val = WithoutHighBit (val);

          address = datastart + val;
        }
      else
        {
          address = datastart + val - rva_bias;
        }

      if (address + 3 > dataend)
        return dataend;

      entry->name_id.name.len    = bfd_get_16 (abfd, address);
      entry->name_id.name.string = address + 2;
    }
  else
    entry->name_id.id = val;

  val = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + 4);

  if (HighBitSet (val))
    {
      entry->is_dir = true;
      entry->value.directory = bfd_malloc (sizeof (*entry->value.directory));
      if (entry->value.directory == NULL)
        return dataend;

      return rsrc_parse_directory (abfd, entry->value.directory,
                                   datastart,
                                   datastart + WithoutHighBit (val),
                                   dataend, rva_bias, entry);
    }

  entry->is_dir = false;
  entry->value.leaf = bfd_malloc (sizeof (*entry->value.leaf));
  if (entry->value.leaf == NULL)
    return dataend;

  data = datastart + val;
  if (data < datastart || data + 12 > dataend)
    return dataend;

  addr = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data);
  size = entry->value.leaf->size = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + 4);
  entry->value.leaf->codepage = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + 8);
  /* FIXME: We assume that the reserved field (data + 12) is OK.  */

  if (size > dataend - datastart - (addr - rva_bias))
    return dataend;
  entry->value.leaf->data = bfd_malloc (size);
  if (entry->value.leaf->data == NULL)
    return dataend;

  memcpy (entry->value.leaf->data, datastart + addr - rva_bias, size);
  return datastart + (addr - rva_bias) + size;
}

static bfd_byte *
rsrc_parse_entries (bfd *abfd,
                    rsrc_dir_chain *chain,
                    bool is_name,
                    bfd_byte *highest_data,
                    bfd_byte *datastart,
                    bfd_byte *data,
                    bfd_byte *dataend,
                    bfd_vma rva_bias,
                    rsrc_directory *parent)
{
  unsigned int i;
  rsrc_entry * entry;

  if (chain->num_entries == 0)
    {
      chain->first_entry = chain->last_entry = NULL;
      return highest_data;
    }

  entry = bfd_malloc (sizeof (*entry));
  if (entry == NULL)
    return dataend;

  chain->first_entry = entry;

  for (i = chain->num_entries; i--;)
    {
      bfd_byte * entry_end;

      entry_end = rsrc_parse_entry (abfd, is_name, entry, datastart,
                                    data, dataend, rva_bias, parent);
      data += 8;
      highest_data = max (entry_end, highest_data);
      if (entry_end > dataend)
        return dataend;

      if (i)
        {
          entry->next_entry = bfd_malloc (sizeof (*entry));
          entry = entry->next_entry;
          if (entry == NULL)
            return dataend;
        }
      else
        entry->next_entry = NULL;
    }

  chain->last_entry = entry;

  return highest_data;
}

static bfd_byte *
rsrc_parse_directory (bfd *            abfd,
                      rsrc_directory * table,
                      bfd_byte *       datastart,
                      bfd_byte *       data,
                      bfd_byte *       dataend,
                      bfd_vma          rva_bias,
                      rsrc_entry *     entry)
{
  bfd_byte * highest_data = data;

  if (table == NULL)
    return dataend;

  table->characteristics = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data);
  table->time = bfd_get_32 (abfd, data + 4);
  table->major = bfd_get_16 (abfd, data + 8);
  table->minor = bfd_get_16 (abfd, data + 10);
  table->names.num_entries = bfd_get_16 (abfd, data + 12);
  table->ids.num_entries = bfd_get_16 (abfd, data + 14);
  table->entry = entry;

  data += 16;

  highest_data = rsrc_parse_entries (abfd, & table->names, true, data,
                                     datastart, data, dataend, rva_bias, table);
  data += table->names.num_entries * 8;

  highest_data = rsrc_parse_entries (abfd, & table->ids, false, highest_data,
                                     datastart, data, dataend, rva_bias, table);
  data += table->ids.num_entries * 8;

  return max (highest_data, data);
}

typedef struct rsrc_write_data
{
  bfd *      abfd;
  bfd_byte * datastart;
  bfd_byte * next_table;
  bfd_byte * next_leaf;
  bfd_byte * next_string;
  bfd_byte * next_data;
  bfd_vma    rva_bias;
} rsrc_write_data;

static void
rsrc_write_string (rsrc_write_data * data,
                   rsrc_string *     string)
{
  bfd_put_16 (data->abfd, string->len, data->next_string);
  memcpy (data->next_string + 2, string->string, string->len * 2);
  data->next_string += (string->len + 1) * 2;
}

static inline unsigned int
rsrc_compute_rva (rsrc_write_data * data,
                  bfd_byte *        addr)
{
  return (addr - data->datastart) + data->rva_bias;
}

static void
rsrc_write_leaf (rsrc_write_data * data,
                 rsrc_leaf *       leaf)
{
  bfd_put_32 (data->abfd, rsrc_compute_rva (data, data->next_data),
              data->next_leaf);
  bfd_put_32 (data->abfd, leaf->size,     data->next_leaf + 4);
  bfd_put_32 (data->abfd, leaf->codepage, data->next_leaf + 8);
  bfd_put_32 (data->abfd, 0 /*reserved*/, data->next_leaf + 12);
  data->next_leaf += 16;

  memcpy (data->next_data, leaf->data, leaf->size);
  /* An undocumented feature of Windows resources is that each unit
     of raw data is 8-byte aligned...  */
  data->next_data += ((leaf->size + 7) & ~7);
}

static void rsrc_write_directory (rsrc_write_data *, rsrc_directory *);

static void
rsrc_write_entry (rsrc_write_data *  data,
                  bfd_byte *         where,
                  rsrc_entry *       entry)
{
  if (entry->is_name)
    {
      bfd_put_32 (data->abfd,
                  SetHighBit (data->next_string - data->datastart),
                  where);
      rsrc_write_string (data, & entry->name_id.name);
    }
  else
    bfd_put_32 (data->abfd, entry->name_id.id, where);

  if (entry->is_dir)
    {
      bfd_put_32 (data->abfd,
                  SetHighBit (data->next_table - data->datastart),
                  where + 4);
      rsrc_write_directory (data, entry->value.directory);
    }
  else
    {
      bfd_put_32 (data->abfd, data->next_leaf - data->datastart, where + 4);
      rsrc_write_leaf (data, entry->value.leaf);
    }
}

static void
rsrc_compute_region_sizes (rsrc_directory * dir)
{
  struct rsrc_entry * entry;

  if (dir == NULL)
    return;

  sizeof_tables_and_entries += 16;

  for (entry = dir->names.first_entry; entry != NULL; entry = entry->next_entry)
    {
      sizeof_tables_and_entries += 8;

      sizeof_strings += (entry->name_id.name.len + 1) * 2;

      if (entry->is_dir)
        rsrc_compute_region_sizes (entry->value.directory);
      else
        sizeof_leaves += 16;
    }

  for (entry = dir->ids.first_entry; entry != NULL; entry = entry->next_entry)
    {
      sizeof_tables_and_entries += 8;

      if (entry->is_dir)
        rsrc_compute_region_sizes (entry->value.directory);
      else
        sizeof_leaves += 16;
    }
}

static void
rsrc_write_directory (rsrc_write_data * data,
                      rsrc_directory *  dir)
{
  rsrc_entry * entry;
  unsigned int i;
  bfd_byte * next_entry;
  bfd_byte * nt;

  bfd_put_32 (data->abfd, dir->characteristics, data->next_table);
  bfd_put_32 (data->abfd, 0 /*dir->time*/, data->next_table + 4);
  bfd_put_16 (data->abfd, dir->major, data->next_table + 8);
  bfd_put_16 (data->abfd, dir->minor, data->next_table + 10);
  bfd_put_16 (data->abfd, dir->names.num_entries, data->next_table + 12);
  bfd_put_16 (data->abfd, dir->ids.num_entries, data->next_table + 14);

  /* Compute where the entries and the next table will be placed.  */
  next_entry = data->next_table + 16;
  data->next_table = next_entry + (dir->names.num_entries * 8)
    + (dir->ids.num_entries * 8);
  nt = data->next_table;

  /* Write the entries.  */
  for (i = dir->names.num_entries, entry = dir->names.first_entry;
       i > 0 && entry != NULL;
       i--, entry = entry->next_entry)
    {
      BFD_ASSERT (entry->is_name);
      rsrc_write_entry (data, next_entry, entry);
      next_entry += 8;
    }
  BFD_ASSERT (i == 0);
  BFD_ASSERT (entry == NULL);

  for (i = dir->ids.num_entries, entry = dir->ids.first_entry;
       i > 0 && entry != NULL;
       i--, entry = entry->next_entry)
    {
      BFD_ASSERT (! entry->is_name);
      rsrc_write_entry (data, next_entry, entry);
      next_entry += 8;
    }
  BFD_ASSERT (i == 0);
  BFD_ASSERT (entry == NULL);
  BFD_ASSERT (nt == next_entry);
}

#if ! defined __CYGWIN__ && ! defined __MINGW32__
/* Return the length (number of units) of the first character in S,
   putting its 'ucs4_t' representation in *PUC.  */

static unsigned int
u16_mbtouc (wint_t * puc, const unsigned short * s, unsigned int n)
{
  unsigned short c = * s;

  if (c < 0xd800 || c >= 0xe000)
    {
      *puc = c;
      return 1;
    }

  if (c < 0xdc00)
    {
      if (n >= 2)
        {
          if (s[1] >= 0xdc00 && s[1] < 0xe000)
            {
              *puc = 0x10000 + ((c - 0xd800) << 10) + (s[1] - 0xdc00);
              return 2;
            }
        }
      else
        {
          /* Incomplete multibyte character.  */
          *puc = 0xfffd;
          return n;
        }
    }

  /* Invalid multibyte character.  */
  *puc = 0xfffd;
  return 1;
}
#endif /* not Cygwin/Mingw */

/* Perform a comparison of two entries.  */
static signed int
rsrc_cmp (bool is_name, rsrc_entry * a, rsrc_entry * b)
{
  signed int    res;
  bfd_byte *    astring;
  unsigned int  alen;
  bfd_byte *    bstring;
  unsigned int  blen;

  if (! is_name)
    return a->name_id.id - b->name_id.id;

  /* We have to perform a case insenstive, unicode string comparison...  */
  astring = a->name_id.name.string;
  alen    = a->name_id.name.len;
  bstring = b->name_id.name.string;
  blen    = b->name_id.name.len;

#if defined  __CYGWIN__ || defined __MINGW32__
  /* Under Windows hosts (both Cygwin and Mingw types),
     unicode == UTF-16 == wchar_t.  The case insensitive string comparison
     function however goes by different names in the two environments...  */

#undef rscpcmp
#ifdef __CYGWIN__
#define rscpcmp wcsncasecmp
#endif
#ifdef __MINGW32__
#define rscpcmp wcsnicmp
#endif

  res = rscpcmp ((const wchar_t *) astring, (const wchar_t *) bstring,
                 min (alen, blen));

#else
  {
    unsigned int  i;

    res = 0;
    for (i = min (alen, blen); i--; astring += 2, bstring += 2)
      {
        wint_t awc;
        wint_t bwc;

        /* Convert UTF-16 unicode characters into wchar_t characters
           so that we can then perform a case insensitive comparison.  */
        unsigned int Alen = u16_mbtouc (& awc, (const unsigned short *) astring, 2);
        unsigned int Blen = u16_mbtouc (& bwc, (const unsigned short *) bstring, 2);

        if (Alen != Blen)
          return Alen - Blen;

        awc = towlower (awc);
        bwc = towlower (bwc);

        res = awc - bwc;
        if (res)
          break;
      }
  }
#endif

  if (res == 0)
    res = alen - blen;

  return res;
}

static void
rsrc_print_name (char * buffer, rsrc_string string)
{
  unsigned int  i;
  bfd_byte *    name = string.string;

  for (i = string.len; i--; name += 2)
    sprintf (buffer + strlen (buffer), "%.1s", name);
}

static const char *
rsrc_resource_name (rsrc_entry *entry, rsrc_directory *dir, char *buffer)
{
  bool is_string = false;

  buffer[0] = 0;

  if (dir != NULL && dir->entry != NULL && dir->entry->parent != NULL
      && dir->entry->parent->entry != NULL)
    {
      strcpy (buffer, "type: ");
      if (dir->entry->parent->entry->is_name)
        rsrc_print_name (buffer + strlen (buffer),
                         dir->entry->parent->entry->name_id.name);
      else
        {
          unsigned int id = dir->entry->parent->entry->name_id.id;

          sprintf (buffer + strlen (buffer), "%x", id);
          switch (id)
            {
            case 1: strcat (buffer, " (CURSOR)"); break;
            case 2: strcat (buffer, " (BITMAP)"); break;
            case 3: strcat (buffer, " (ICON)"); break;
            case 4: strcat (buffer, " (MENU)"); break;
            case 5: strcat (buffer, " (DIALOG)"); break;
            case 6: strcat (buffer, " (STRING)"); is_string = true; break;
            case 7: strcat (buffer, " (FONTDIR)"); break;
            case 8: strcat (buffer, " (FONT)"); break;
            case 9: strcat (buffer, " (ACCELERATOR)"); break;
            case 10: strcat (buffer, " (RCDATA)"); break;
            case 11: strcat (buffer, " (MESSAGETABLE)"); break;
            case 12: strcat (buffer, " (GROUP_CURSOR)"); break;
            case 14: strcat (buffer, " (GROUP_ICON)"); break;
            case 16: strcat (buffer, " (VERSION)"); break;
            case 17: strcat (buffer, " (DLGINCLUDE)"); break;
            case 19: strcat (buffer, " (PLUGPLAY)"); break;
            case 20: strcat (buffer, " (VXD)"); break;
            case 21: strcat (buffer, " (ANICURSOR)"); break;
            case 22: strcat (buffer, " (ANIICON)"); break;
            case 23: strcat (buffer, " (HTML)"); break;
            case 24: strcat (buffer, " (MANIFEST)"); break;
            case 240: strcat (buffer, " (DLGINIT)"); break;
            case 241: strcat (buffer, " (TOOLBAR)"); break;
            }
        }
    }

  if (dir != NULL && dir->entry != NULL)
    {
      strcat (buffer, " name: ");
      if (dir->entry->is_name)
        rsrc_print_name (buffer + strlen (buffer), dir->entry->name_id.name);
      else
        {
          unsigned int id = dir->entry->name_id.id;

          sprintf (buffer + strlen (buffer), "%x", id);

          if (is_string)
            sprintf (buffer + strlen (buffer), " (resource id range: %d - %d)",
                     (id - 1) << 4, (id << 4) - 1);
        }
    }

  if (entry != NULL)
    {
      strcat (buffer, " lang: ");

      if (entry->is_name)
        rsrc_print_name (buffer + strlen (buffer), entry->name_id.name);
      else
        sprintf (buffer + strlen (buffer), "%x", entry->name_id.id);
    }

  return buffer;
}

/* *sigh* Windows resource strings are special.  Only the top 28-bits of
   their ID is stored in the NAME entry.  The bottom four bits are used as
   an index into unicode string table that makes up the data of the leaf.
   So identical type-name-lang string resources may not actually be
   identical at all.

   This function is called when we have detected two string resources with
   match top-28-bit IDs.  We have to scan the string tables inside the leaves
   and discover if there are any real collisions.  If there are then we report
   them and return FALSE.  Otherwise we copy any strings from B into A and
   then return TRUE.  */

static bool
rsrc_merge_string_entries (rsrc_entry * a ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
                           rsrc_entry * b ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  unsigned int copy_needed = 0;
  unsigned int i;
  bfd_byte * astring;
  bfd_byte * bstring;
  bfd_byte * new_data;
  bfd_byte * nstring;

  /* Step one: Find out what we have to do.  */
  BFD_ASSERT (! a->is_dir);
  astring = a->value.leaf->data;

  BFD_ASSERT (! b->is_dir);
  bstring = b->value.leaf->data;

  for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
    {
      unsigned int alen = astring[0] + (astring[1] << 8);
      unsigned int blen = bstring[0] + (bstring[1] << 8);

      if (alen == 0)
        {
          copy_needed += blen * 2;
        }
      else if (blen == 0)
        ;
      else if (alen != blen)
        /* FIXME: Should we continue the loop in order to report other duplicates ?  */
        break;
      /* alen == blen != 0.  We might have two identical strings.  If so we
         can ignore the second one.  There is no need for wchar_t vs UTF-16
         theatrics here - we are only interested in (case sensitive) equality.  */
      else if (memcmp (astring + 2, bstring + 2, alen * 2) != 0)
        break;

      astring += (alen + 1) * 2;
      bstring += (blen + 1) * 2;
    }

  if (i != 16)
    {
      if (a->parent != NULL
          && a->parent->entry != NULL
          && !a->parent->entry->is_name)
        _bfd_error_handler (_(".rsrc merge failure: duplicate string resource: %d"),
                            ((a->parent->entry->name_id.id - 1) << 4) + i);
      return false;
    }

  if (copy_needed == 0)
    return true;

  /* If we reach here then A and B must both have non-colliding strings.
     (We never get string resources with fully empty string tables).
     We need to allocate an extra COPY_NEEDED bytes in A and then bring
     in B's strings.  */
  new_data = bfd_malloc (a->value.leaf->size + copy_needed);
  if (new_data == NULL)
    return false;

  nstring = new_data;
  astring = a->value.leaf->data;
  bstring = b->value.leaf->data;

  for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
    {
      unsigned int alen = astring[0] + (astring[1] << 8);
      unsigned int blen = bstring[0] + (bstring[1] << 8);

      if (alen != 0)
        {
          memcpy (nstring, astring, (alen + 1) * 2);
          nstring += (alen + 1) * 2;
        }
      else if (blen != 0)
        {
          memcpy (nstring, bstring, (blen + 1) * 2);
          nstring += (blen + 1) * 2;
        }
      else
        {
          * nstring++ = 0;
          * nstring++ = 0;
        }

      astring += (alen + 1) * 2;
      bstring += (blen + 1) * 2;
    }

  BFD_ASSERT (nstring - new_data == (signed) (a->value.leaf->size + copy_needed));

  free (a->value.leaf->data);
  a->value.leaf->data = new_data;
  a->value.leaf->size += copy_needed;

  return true;
}

static void rsrc_merge (rsrc_entry *, rsrc_entry *);

/* Sort the entries in given part of the directory.
   We use an old fashioned bubble sort because we are dealing
   with lists and we want to handle matches specially.  */

static void
rsrc_sort_entries (rsrc_dir_chain *chain,
                   bool is_name,
                   rsrc_directory *dir)
{
  rsrc_entry * entry;
  rsrc_entry * next;
  rsrc_entry ** points_to_entry;
  bool swapped;

  if (chain->num_entries < 2)
    return;

  do
    {
      swapped = false;
      points_to_entry = & chain->first_entry;
      entry = * points_to_entry;
      next  = entry->next_entry;

      do
        {
          signed int cmp = rsrc_cmp (is_name, entry, next);

          if (cmp > 0)
            {
              entry->next_entry = next->next_entry;
              next->next_entry = entry;
              * points_to_entry = next;
              points_to_entry = & next->next_entry;
              next = entry->next_entry;
              swapped = true;
            }
          else if (cmp == 0)
            {
              if (entry->is_dir && next->is_dir)
                {
                  /* When we encounter identical directory entries we have to
                     merge them together.  The exception to this rule is for
                     resource manifests - there can only be one of these,
                     even if they differ in language.  Zero-language manifests
                     are assumed to be default manifests (provided by the
                     Cygwin/MinGW build system) and these can be silently dropped,
                     unless that would reduce the number of manifests to zero.
                     There should only ever be one non-zero lang manifest -
                     if there are more it is an error.  A non-zero lang
                     manifest takes precedence over a default manifest.  */
                  if (!entry->is_name
                      && entry->name_id.id == 1
                      && dir != NULL
                      && dir->entry != NULL
                      && !dir->entry->is_name
                      && dir->entry->name_id.id == 0x18)
                    {
                      if (next->value.directory->names.num_entries == 0
                          && next->value.directory->ids.num_entries == 1
                          && !next->value.directory->ids.first_entry->is_name
                          && next->value.directory->ids.first_entry->name_id.id == 0)
                        /* Fall through so that NEXT is dropped.  */
                        ;
                      else if (entry->value.directory->names.num_entries == 0
                               && entry->value.directory->ids.num_entries == 1
                               && !entry->value.directory->ids.first_entry->is_name
                               && entry->value.directory->ids.first_entry->name_id.id == 0)
                        {
                          /* Swap ENTRY and NEXT.  Then fall through so that the old ENTRY is dropped.  */
                          entry->next_entry = next->next_entry;
                          next->next_entry = entry;
                          * points_to_entry = next;
                          points_to_entry = & next->next_entry;
                          next = entry->next_entry;
                          swapped = true;
                        }
                      else
                        {
                          _bfd_error_handler (_(".rsrc merge failure: multiple non-default manifests"));
                          bfd_set_error (bfd_error_file_truncated);
                          return;
                        }

                      /* Unhook NEXT from the chain.  */
                      /* FIXME: memory loss here.  */
                      entry->next_entry = next->next_entry;
                      chain->num_entries --;
                      if (chain->num_entries < 2)
                        return;
                      next = next->next_entry;
                    }
                  else
                    rsrc_merge (entry, next);
                }
              else if (entry->is_dir != next->is_dir)
                {
                  _bfd_error_handler (_(".rsrc merge failure: a directory matches a leaf"));
                  bfd_set_error (bfd_error_file_truncated);
                  return;
                }
              else
                {
                  /* Otherwise with identical leaves we issue an error
                     message - because there should never be duplicates.
                     The exception is Type 18/Name 1/Lang 0 which is the
                     defaul manifest - this can just be dropped.  */
                  if (!entry->is_name
                      && entry->name_id.id == 0
                      && dir != NULL
                      && dir->entry != NULL
                      && !dir->entry->is_name
                      && dir->entry->name_id.id == 1
                      && dir->entry->parent != NULL
                      && dir->entry->parent->entry != NULL
                      && !dir->entry->parent->entry->is_name
                      && dir->entry->parent->entry->name_id.id == 0x18 /* RT_MANIFEST */)
                    ;
                  else if (dir != NULL
                           && dir->entry != NULL
                           && dir->entry->parent != NULL
                           && dir->entry->parent->entry != NULL
                           && !dir->entry->parent->entry->is_name
                           && dir->entry->parent->entry->name_id.id == 0x6 /* RT_STRING */)
                    {
                      /* Strings need special handling.  */
                      if (! rsrc_merge_string_entries (entry, next))
                        {
                          /* _bfd_error_handler should have been called inside merge_strings.  */
                          bfd_set_error (bfd_error_file_truncated);
                          return;
                        }
                    }
                  else
                    {
                      if (dir == NULL
                          || dir->entry == NULL
                          || dir->entry->parent == NULL
                          || dir->entry->parent->entry == NULL)
                        _bfd_error_handler (_(".rsrc merge failure: duplicate leaf"));
                      else
                        {
                          char buff[256];

                          _bfd_error_handler (_(".rsrc merge failure: duplicate leaf: %s"),
                                              rsrc_resource_name (entry, dir, buff));
                        }
                      bfd_set_error (bfd_error_file_truncated);
                      return;
                    }
                }

              /* Unhook NEXT from the chain.  */
              entry->next_entry = next->next_entry;
              chain->num_entries --;
              if (chain->num_entries < 2)
                return;
              next = next->next_entry;
            }
          else
            {
              points_to_entry = & entry->next_entry;
              entry = next;
              next = next->next_entry;
            }
        }
      while (next);

      chain->last_entry = entry;
    }
  while (swapped);
}

/* Attach B's chain onto A.  */
static void
rsrc_attach_chain (rsrc_dir_chain * achain, rsrc_dir_chain * bchain)
{
  if (bchain->num_entries == 0)
    return;

  achain->num_entries += bchain->num_entries;

  if (achain->first_entry == NULL)
    {
      achain->first_entry = bchain->first_entry;
      achain->last_entry  = bchain->last_entry;
    }
  else
    {
      achain->last_entry->next_entry = bchain->first_entry;
      achain->last_entry = bchain->last_entry;
    }

  bchain->num_entries = 0;
  bchain->first_entry = bchain->last_entry = NULL;
}

static void
rsrc_merge (struct rsrc_entry * a, struct rsrc_entry * b)
{
  rsrc_directory * adir;
  rsrc_directory * bdir;

  BFD_ASSERT (a->is_dir);
  BFD_ASSERT (b->is_dir);

  adir = a->value.directory;
  bdir = b->value.directory;

  if (adir->characteristics != bdir->characteristics)
    {
      _bfd_error_handler (_(".rsrc merge failure: dirs with differing characteristics"));
      bfd_set_error (bfd_error_file_truncated);
      return;
    }

  if (adir->major != bdir->major || adir->minor != bdir->minor)
    {
      _bfd_error_handler (_(".rsrc merge failure: differing directory versions"));
      bfd_set_error (bfd_error_file_truncated);
      return;
    }

  /* Attach B's name chain to A.  */
  rsrc_attach_chain (& adir->names, & bdir->names);

  /* Attach B's ID chain to A.  */
  rsrc_attach_chain (& adir->ids, & bdir->ids);

  /* Now sort A's entries.  */
  rsrc_sort_entries (& adir->names, true, adir);
  rsrc_sort_entries (& adir->ids, false, adir);
}

/* Check the .rsrc section.  If it contains multiple concatenated
   resources then we must merge them properly.  Otherwise Windows
   will ignore all but the first set.  */

static void
rsrc_process_section (bfd * abfd,
                      struct coff_final_link_info * pfinfo)
{
  rsrc_directory    new_table;
  bfd_size_type     size;
  asection *        sec;
  pe_data_type *    pe;
  bfd_vma           rva_bias;
  bfd_byte *        data;
  bfd_byte *        datastart;
  bfd_byte *        dataend;
  bfd_byte *        new_data;
  unsigned int      num_resource_sets;
  rsrc_directory *  type_tables;
  rsrc_write_data   write_data;
  unsigned int      indx;
  bfd *             input;
  unsigned int      num_input_rsrc = 0;
  unsigned int      max_num_input_rsrc = 4;
  ptrdiff_t *       rsrc_sizes = NULL;

  new_table.names.num_entries = 0;
  new_table.ids.num_entries = 0;

  sec = bfd_get_section_by_name (abfd, ".rsrc");
  if (sec == NULL || (size = sec->rawsize) == 0)
    return;

  pe = pe_data (abfd);
  if (pe == NULL)
    return;

  rva_bias = sec->vma - pe->pe_opthdr.ImageBase;

  if (! bfd_malloc_and_get_section (abfd, sec, &datastart))
    goto end;

  /* Step zero: Scan the input bfds looking for .rsrc sections and record
     their lengths.  Note - we rely upon the fact that the linker script
     does *not* sort the input .rsrc sections, so that the order in the
     linkinfo list matches the order in the output .rsrc section.

     We need to know the lengths because each input .rsrc section has padding
     at the end of a variable amount.  (It does not appear to be based upon
     the section alignment or the file alignment).  We need to skip any
     padding bytes when parsing the input .rsrc sections.  */
  data = datastart;
  rsrc_sizes = bfd_malloc (max_num_input_rsrc * sizeof (*rsrc_sizes));
  if (rsrc_sizes == NULL)
    goto end;

  for (input = pfinfo->info->input_bfds;
       input != NULL;
       input = input->link.next)
    {
      asection * rsrc_sec = bfd_get_section_by_name (input, ".rsrc");

      /* PR 18372 - skip discarded .rsrc sections.  */
      if (rsrc_sec != NULL && !discarded_section (rsrc_sec))
        {
          if (num_input_rsrc == max_num_input_rsrc)
            {
              max_num_input_rsrc += 10;
              rsrc_sizes = bfd_realloc (rsrc_sizes, max_num_input_rsrc
                                        * sizeof (*rsrc_sizes));
              if (rsrc_sizes == NULL)
                goto end;
            }

          BFD_ASSERT (rsrc_sec->size > 0);
          rsrc_sizes [num_input_rsrc ++] = rsrc_sec->size;
        }
    }

  if (num_input_rsrc < 2)
    goto end;

  /* Step one: Walk the section, computing the size of the tables,
     leaves and data and decide if we need to do anything.  */
  dataend = data + size;
  num_resource_sets = 0;

  while (data < dataend)
    {
      bfd_byte * p = data;

      data = rsrc_count_directory (abfd, data, data, dataend, rva_bias);

      if (data > dataend)
        {
          /* Corrupted .rsrc section - cannot merge.  */
          _bfd_error_handler (_("%pB: .rsrc merge failure: corrupt .rsrc section"),
                              abfd);
          bfd_set_error (bfd_error_file_truncated);
          goto end;
        }

      if ((data - p) > rsrc_sizes [num_resource_sets])
        {
          _bfd_error_handler (_("%pB: .rsrc merge failure: unexpected .rsrc size"),
                              abfd);
          bfd_set_error (bfd_error_file_truncated);
          goto end;
        }
      /* FIXME: Should we add a check for "data - p" being much smaller
         than rsrc_sizes[num_resource_sets] ?  */

      data = p + rsrc_sizes[num_resource_sets];
      rva_bias += data - p;
      ++ num_resource_sets;
    }
  BFD_ASSERT (num_resource_sets == num_input_rsrc);

  /* Step two: Walk the data again, building trees of the resources.  */
  data = datastart;
  rva_bias = sec->vma - pe->pe_opthdr.ImageBase;

  type_tables = bfd_malloc (num_resource_sets * sizeof (*type_tables));
  if (type_tables == NULL)
    goto end;

  indx = 0;
  while (data < dataend)
    {
      bfd_byte * p = data;

      (void) rsrc_parse_directory (abfd, type_tables + indx, data, data,
                                   dataend, rva_bias, NULL);
      data = p + rsrc_sizes[indx];
      rva_bias += data - p;
      ++ indx;
    }
  BFD_ASSERT (indx == num_resource_sets);

  /* Step three: Merge the top level tables (there can be only one).

     We must ensure that the merged entries are in ascending order.

     We also thread the top level table entries from the old tree onto
     the new table, so that they can be pulled off later.  */

  /* FIXME: Should we verify that all type tables are the same ?  */
  new_table.characteristics = type_tables[0].characteristics;
  new_table.time            = type_tables[0].time;
  new_table.major           = type_tables[0].major;
  new_table.minor           = type_tables[0].minor;

  /* Chain the NAME entries onto the table.  */
  new_table.names.first_entry = NULL;
  new_table.names.last_entry = NULL;

  for (indx = 0; indx < num_resource_sets; indx++)
    rsrc_attach_chain (& new_table.names, & type_tables[indx].names);

  rsrc_sort_entries (& new_table.names, true, & new_table);

  /* Chain the ID entries onto the table.  */
  new_table.ids.first_entry = NULL;
  new_table.ids.last_entry = NULL;

  for (indx = 0; indx < num_resource_sets; indx++)
    rsrc_attach_chain (& new_table.ids, & type_tables[indx].ids);

  rsrc_sort_entries (& new_table.ids, false, & new_table);

  /* Step four: Create new contents for the .rsrc section.  */
  /* Step four point one: Compute the size of each region of the .rsrc section.
     We do this now, rather than earlier, as the merging above may have dropped
     some entries.  */
  sizeof_leaves = sizeof_strings = sizeof_tables_and_entries = 0;
  rsrc_compute_region_sizes (& new_table);
  /* We increment sizeof_strings to make sure that resource data
     starts on an 8-byte boundary.  FIXME: Is this correct ?  */
  sizeof_strings = (sizeof_strings + 7) & ~ 7;

  new_data = bfd_zalloc (abfd, size);
  if (new_data == NULL)
    goto end;

  write_data.abfd        = abfd;
  write_data.datastart   = new_data;
  write_data.next_table  = new_data;
  write_data.next_leaf   = new_data + sizeof_tables_and_entries;
  write_data.next_string = write_data.next_leaf + sizeof_leaves;
  write_data.next_data   = write_data.next_string + sizeof_strings;
  write_data.rva_bias    = sec->vma - pe->pe_opthdr.ImageBase;

  rsrc_write_directory (& write_data, & new_table);

  /* Step five: Replace the old contents with the new.
     We don't recompute the size as it's too late here to shrink section.
     See PR ld/20193 for more details.  */
  bfd_set_section_contents (pfinfo->output_bfd, sec, new_data, 0, size);
  sec->size = sec->rawsize = size;

 end:
  /* Step six: Free all the memory that we have used.  */
  /* FIXME: Free the resource tree, if we have one.  */
  free (datastart);
  free (rsrc_sizes);
}

/* Handle the .idata section and other things that need symbol table
   access.  */

bool
_bfd_XXi_final_link_postscript (bfd * abfd, struct coff_final_link_info *pfinfo)
{
  struct coff_link_hash_entry *h1;
  struct bfd_link_info *info = pfinfo->info;
  bool result = true;

  /* There are a few fields that need to be filled in now while we
     have symbol table access.

     The .idata subsections aren't directly available as sections, but
     they are in the symbol table, so get them from there.  */

  /* The import directory.  This is the address of .idata$2, with size
     of .idata$2 + .idata$3.  */
  h1 = coff_link_hash_lookup (coff_hash_table (info),
                              ".idata$2", false, false, true);
  if (h1 != NULL)
    {
      /* PR ld/2729: We cannot rely upon all the output sections having been
         created properly, so check before referencing them.  Issue a warning
         message for any sections tht could not be found.  */
      if ((h1->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defined
           || h1->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defweak)
          && h1->root.u.def.section != NULL
          && h1->root.u.def.section->output_section != NULL)
        pe_data (abfd)->pe_opthdr.DataDirectory[PE_IMPORT_TABLE].VirtualAddress =
          (h1->root.u.def.value
           + h1->root.u.def.section->output_section->vma
           + h1->root.u.def.section->output_offset);
      else
        {
          _bfd_error_handler
            (_("%pB: unable to fill in DataDictionary[1] because .idata$2 is missing"),
             abfd);
          result = false;
        }

      h1 = coff_link_hash_lookup (coff_hash_table (info),
                                  ".idata$4", false, false, true);
      if (h1 != NULL
          && (h1->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defined
           || h1->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defweak)
          && h1->root.u.def.section != NULL
          && h1->root.u.def.section->output_section != NULL)
        pe_data (abfd)->pe_opthdr.DataDirectory[PE_IMPORT_TABLE].Size =
          ((h1->root.u.def.value
            + h1->root.u.def.section->output_section->vma
            + h1->root.u.def.section->output_offset)
           - pe_data (abfd)->pe_opthdr.DataDirectory[PE_IMPORT_TABLE].VirtualAddress);
      else
        {
          _bfd_error_handler
            (_("%pB: unable to fill in DataDictionary[1] because .idata$4 is missing"),
             abfd);
          result = false;
        }

      /* The import address table.  This is the size/address of
         .idata$5.  */
      h1 = coff_link_hash_lookup (coff_hash_table (info),
                                  ".idata$5", false, false, true);
      if (h1 != NULL
          && (h1->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defined
           || h1->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defweak)
          && h1->root.u.def.section != NULL
          && h1->root.u.def.section->output_section != NULL)
        pe_data (abfd)->pe_opthdr.DataDirectory[PE_IMPORT_ADDRESS_TABLE].VirtualAddress =
          (h1->root.u.def.value
           + h1->root.u.def.section->output_section->vma
           + h1->root.u.def.section->output_offset);
      else
        {
          _bfd_error_handler
            (_("%pB: unable to fill in DataDictionary[12] because .idata$5 is missing"),
             abfd);
          result = false;
        }

      h1 = coff_link_hash_lookup (coff_hash_table (info),
                                  ".idata$6", false, false, true);
      if (h1 != NULL
          && (h1->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defined
           || h1->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defweak)
          && h1->root.u.def.section != NULL
          && h1->root.u.def.section->output_section != NULL)
        pe_data (abfd)->pe_opthdr.DataDirectory[PE_IMPORT_ADDRESS_TABLE].Size =
          ((h1->root.u.def.value
            + h1->root.u.def.section->output_section->vma
            + h1->root.u.def.section->output_offset)
           - pe_data (abfd)->pe_opthdr.DataDirectory[PE_IMPORT_ADDRESS_TABLE].VirtualAddress);
      else
        {
          _bfd_error_handler
            (_("%pB: unable to fill in DataDictionary[PE_IMPORT_ADDRESS_TABLE (12)] because .idata$6 is missing"),
             abfd);
          result = false;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      h1 = coff_link_hash_lookup (coff_hash_table (info),
                                  "__IAT_start__", false, false, true);
      if (h1 != NULL
          && (h1->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defined
           || h1->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defweak)
          && h1->root.u.def.section != NULL
          && h1->root.u.def.section->output_section != NULL)
        {
          bfd_vma iat_va;

          iat_va =
            (h1->root.u.def.value
             + h1->root.u.def.section->output_section->vma
             + h1->root.u.def.section->output_offset);

          h1 = coff_link_hash_lookup (coff_hash_table (info),
                                      "__IAT_end__", false, false, true);
          if (h1 != NULL
              && (h1->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defined
               || h1->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defweak)
              && h1->root.u.def.section != NULL
              && h1->root.u.def.section->output_section != NULL)
            {
              pe_data (abfd)->pe_opthdr.DataDirectory[PE_IMPORT_ADDRESS_TABLE].Size =
                ((h1->root.u.def.value
                  + h1->root.u.def.section->output_section->vma
                  + h1->root.u.def.section->output_offset)
                 - iat_va);
              if (pe_data (abfd)->pe_opthdr.DataDirectory[PE_IMPORT_ADDRESS_TABLE].Size != 0)
                pe_data (abfd)->pe_opthdr.DataDirectory[PE_IMPORT_ADDRESS_TABLE].VirtualAddress =
                  iat_va - pe_data (abfd)->pe_opthdr.ImageBase;
            }
          else
            {
              _bfd_error_handler
                (_("%pB: unable to fill in DataDictionary[PE_IMPORT_ADDRESS_TABLE(12)]"
                   " because .idata$6 is missing"), abfd);
              result = false;
            }
        }
    }

  h1 = coff_link_hash_lookup (coff_hash_table (info),
                              (bfd_get_symbol_leading_char (abfd) != 0
                               ? "__tls_used" : "_tls_used"),
                              false, false, true);
  if (h1 != NULL)
    {
      if ((h1->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defined
           || h1->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defweak)
          && h1->root.u.def.section != NULL
          && h1->root.u.def.section->output_section != NULL)
        pe_data (abfd)->pe_opthdr.DataDirectory[PE_TLS_TABLE].VirtualAddress =
          (h1->root.u.def.value
           + h1->root.u.def.section->output_section->vma
           + h1->root.u.def.section->output_offset
           - pe_data (abfd)->pe_opthdr.ImageBase);
      else
        {
          _bfd_error_handler
            (_("%pB: unable to fill in DataDictionary[9] because __tls_used is missing"),
             abfd);
          result = false;
        }
     /* According to PECOFF sepcifications by Microsoft version 8.2
        the TLS data directory consists of 4 pointers, followed
        by two 4-byte integer. This implies that the total size
        is different for 32-bit and 64-bit executables.  */
#if !defined(COFF_WITH_pep) && !defined(COFF_WITH_pex64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peAArch64) && !defined(COFF_WITH_peLoongArch64) && !defined (COFF_WITH_peRiscV64)
      pe_data (abfd)->pe_opthdr.DataDirectory[PE_TLS_TABLE].Size = 0x18;
#else
      pe_data (abfd)->pe_opthdr.DataDirectory[PE_TLS_TABLE].Size = 0x28;
#endif
    }

/* If there is a .pdata section and we have linked pdata finally, we
     need to sort the entries ascending.  */
#if !defined(COFF_WITH_pep) && (defined(COFF_WITH_pex64) || defined(COFF_WITH_peAArch64) || defined(COFF_WITH_peLoongArch64) || defined (COFF_WITH_peRiscV64))
  {
    asection *sec = bfd_get_section_by_name (abfd, ".pdata");

    if (sec)
      {
        bfd_size_type x = sec->rawsize;
        bfd_byte *tmp_data;

        if (bfd_malloc_and_get_section (abfd, sec, &tmp_data))
          {
            qsort (tmp_data,
                   (size_t) (x / 12),
                   12, sort_x64_pdata);
            bfd_set_section_contents (pfinfo->output_bfd, sec,
                                      tmp_data, 0, x);
            free (tmp_data);
          }
        else
          result = false;
      }
  }
#endif

  rsrc_process_section (abfd, pfinfo);

  /* If we couldn't find idata$2, we either have an excessively
     trivial program or are in DEEP trouble; we have to assume trivial
     program....  */
  return result;
}