1 /* as.c - GAS main program.
2 Copyright (C) 1987-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This file is part of GAS, the GNU Assembler.
6 GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
11 GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
12 ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
13 or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public
14 License for more details.
16 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 along with GAS; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
18 Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
21 /* Main program for AS; a 32-bit assembler of GNU.
22 Understands command arguments.
23 Has a few routines that don't fit in other modules because they
29 Since no-one else says they will support them in future: I
30 don't support them now. */
34 /* Disable code to set FAKE_LABEL_NAME in obj-multi.h, to avoid circular
36 #define INITIALIZING_EMULS
40 #include "output-file.h"
43 #include "dwarf2dbg.h"
44 #include "dw2gencfi.h"
57 /* Perform any cgen specific initialisation for gas. */
58 extern void gas_cgen_begin (void);
61 /* We build a list of defsyms as we read the options, and then define
62 them after we have initialized everything. */
65 struct defsym_list
*next
;
71 /* True if a listing is wanted. */
74 /* Type of debugging to generate. */
75 enum debug_info_type debug_type
= DEBUG_UNSPECIFIED
;
76 int use_gnu_debug_info_extensions
= 0;
78 #ifndef MD_DEBUG_FORMAT_SELECTOR
79 #define MD_DEBUG_FORMAT_SELECTOR NULL
81 static enum debug_info_type (*md_debug_format_selector
) (int *) = MD_DEBUG_FORMAT_SELECTOR
;
83 /* Maximum level of macro nesting. */
84 int max_macro_nest
= 100;
89 /* The default obstack chunk size. If we set this to zero, the
90 obstack code will use whatever will fit in a 4096 byte block. */
93 /* To monitor memory allocation more effectively, make this non-zero.
94 Then the chunk sizes for gas and bfd will be reduced. */
97 /* Enable verbose mode. */
100 /* Which version of DWARF CIE to produce. This default value of -1
101 indicates that this value has not been set yet, a default value is
102 provided in dwarf2_init. A different value can also be supplied by the
103 command line flag --gdwarf-cie-version, or by a target in
104 MD_AFTER_PARSE_ARGS. */
105 int flag_dwarf_cie_version
= -1;
107 /* The maximum level of DWARF DEBUG information we should manufacture.
108 This defaults to 3 unless overridden by a command line option. */
109 unsigned int dwarf_level
= 3;
111 #if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF
112 int flag_use_elf_stt_common
= DEFAULT_GENERATE_ELF_STT_COMMON
;
113 bool flag_generate_build_notes
= DEFAULT_GENERATE_BUILD_NOTES
;
122 /* Name of listing file. */
123 static char *listing_filename
= NULL
;
125 static struct defsym_list
*defsyms
;
127 static long start_time
;
130 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
131 #define EMULATION_ENVIRON "AS_EMULATION"
133 extern struct emulation mipsbelf
, mipslelf
, mipself
;
134 extern struct emulation i386coff
, i386elf
, i386aout
;
135 extern struct emulation crisaout
, criself
;
137 static struct emulation
*const emulations
[] = { EMULATIONS
};
138 static const int n_emulations
= sizeof (emulations
) / sizeof (emulations
[0]);
141 select_emulation_mode (int argc
, char **argv
)
145 const char *em
= NULL
;
147 for (i
= 1; i
< argc
; i
++)
148 if (startswith (argv
[i
], "--em"))
154 p
= strchr (argv
[i
], '=');
161 as_fatal (_("missing emulation mode name"));
166 em
= getenv (EMULATION_ENVIRON
);
168 em
= DEFAULT_EMULATION
;
172 for (i
= 0; i
< n_emulations
; i
++)
173 if (!strcmp (emulations
[i
]->name
, em
))
175 if (i
== n_emulations
)
176 as_fatal (_("unrecognized emulation name `%s'"), em
);
177 this_emulation
= emulations
[i
];
180 this_emulation
= emulations
[0];
182 this_emulation
->init ();
186 default_emul_bfd_name (void)
193 common_emul_init (void)
195 this_format
= this_emulation
->format
;
197 if (this_emulation
->leading_underscore
== 2)
198 this_emulation
->leading_underscore
= this_format
->dfl_leading_underscore
;
200 if (this_emulation
->default_endian
!= 2)
201 target_big_endian
= this_emulation
->default_endian
;
203 if (this_emulation
->fake_label_name
== 0)
205 if (this_emulation
->leading_underscore
)
206 this_emulation
->fake_label_name
= FAKE_LABEL_NAME
;
208 /* What other parameters should we test? */
209 this_emulation
->fake_label_name
= "." FAKE_LABEL_NAME
;
215 print_version_id (void)
223 fprintf (stderr
, _("GNU assembler version %s (%s) using BFD version %s\n"),
224 VERSION
, TARGET_ALIAS
, BFD_VERSION_STRING
);
227 #ifdef DEFAULT_FLAG_COMPRESS_DEBUG
228 enum compressed_debug_section_type flag_compress_debug
229 = DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM
;
230 #define DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM_HELP \
231 DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM
233 #define DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM_HELP COMPRESS_DEBUG_NONE
237 show_usage (FILE * stream
)
239 fprintf (stream
, _("Usage: %s [option...] [asmfile...]\n"), myname
);
241 fprintf (stream
, _("\
243 -a[sub-option...] turn on listings\n\
244 Sub-options [default hls]:\n\
245 c omit false conditionals\n\
246 d omit debugging directives\n\
247 g include general info\n\
248 h include high-level source\n\
249 i include ginsn and synthesized CFI info\n\
250 l include assembly\n\
251 m include macro expansions\n\
252 n omit forms processing\n\
254 =FILE list to FILE (must be last sub-option)\n"));
256 fprintf (stream
, _("\
257 --alternate initially turn on alternate macro syntax\n"));
258 fprintf (stream
, _("\
259 --compress-debug-sections[={none|zlib|zlib-gnu|zlib-gabi|zstd}]\n\
260 compress DWARF debug sections\n")),
261 fprintf (stream
, _("\
263 bfd_get_compression_algorithm_name
264 (DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM_HELP
));
266 fprintf (stream
, _("\
267 --nocompress-debug-sections\n\
268 don't compress DWARF debug sections\n"));
269 fprintf (stream
, _("\
270 -D produce assembler debugging messages\n"));
271 fprintf (stream
, _("\
272 --dump-config display how the assembler is configured and then exit\n"));
273 fprintf (stream
, _("\
274 --debug-prefix-map OLD=NEW\n\
275 map OLD to NEW in debug information\n"));
276 fprintf (stream
, _("\
277 --defsym SYM=VAL define symbol SYM to given value\n"));
278 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
285 for (i
= 0; i
< n_emulations
- 1; i
++)
286 fprintf (stream
, "%s | ", emulations
[i
]->name
);
287 fprintf (stream
, "%s]\n", emulations
[i
]->name
);
289 def_em
= getenv (EMULATION_ENVIRON
);
291 def_em
= DEFAULT_EMULATION
;
292 fprintf (stream
, _("\
293 emulate output (default %s)\n"), def_em
);
296 #if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF
297 fprintf (stream
, _("\
298 --execstack require executable stack for this object\n"));
299 fprintf (stream
, _("\
300 --noexecstack don't require executable stack for this object\n"));
301 fprintf (stream
, _("\
302 --size-check=[error|warning]\n\
303 ELF .size directive check (default --size-check=error)\n"));
304 fprintf (stream
, _("\
305 --elf-stt-common=[no|yes] "));
306 if (DEFAULT_GENERATE_ELF_STT_COMMON
)
307 fprintf (stream
, _("(default: yes)\n"));
309 fprintf (stream
, _("(default: no)\n"));
310 fprintf (stream
, _("\
311 generate ELF common symbols with STT_COMMON type\n"));
312 fprintf (stream
, _("\
313 --sectname-subst enable section name substitution sequences\n"));
315 fprintf (stream
, _("\
316 --generate-missing-build-notes=[no|yes] "));
317 #if DEFAULT_GENERATE_BUILD_NOTES
318 fprintf (stream
, _("(default: yes)\n"));
320 fprintf (stream
, _("(default: no)\n"));
322 fprintf (stream
, _("\
323 generate GNU Build notes if none are present in the input\n"));
324 fprintf (stream
, _("\
325 --gsframe generate SFrame stack trace information\n"));
326 # if defined (TARGET_USE_SCFI) && defined (TARGET_USE_GINSN)
327 fprintf (stream
, _("\
328 --scfi=experimental Synthesize DWARF CFI for hand-written asm\n\
329 (experimental support)\n"));
333 fprintf (stream
, _("\
334 -f skip whitespace and comment preprocessing\n"));
335 fprintf (stream
, _("\
336 -g --gen-debug generate debugging information\n"));
337 fprintf (stream
, _("\
338 --gstabs generate STABS debugging information\n"));
339 fprintf (stream
, _("\
340 --gstabs+ generate STABS debug info with GNU extensions\n"));
341 fprintf (stream
, _("\
342 --gdwarf-<N> generate DWARF<N> debugging information. 2 <= <N> <= 5\n"));
343 fprintf (stream
, _("\
344 --gdwarf-cie-version=<N> generate version 1, 3 or 4 DWARF CIEs\n"));
345 fprintf (stream
, _("\
346 --gdwarf-sections generate per-function section names for DWARF line information\n"));
347 #if defined (TE_PE) && defined (O_secrel)
348 fprintf (stream
, _("\
349 --gcodeview generate CodeView debugging information\n"));
351 fprintf (stream
, _("\
352 --hash-size=<N> ignored\n"));
353 fprintf (stream
, _("\
354 --help show all assembler options\n"));
355 fprintf (stream
, _("\
356 --target-help show target specific options\n"));
357 fprintf (stream
, _("\
358 -I DIR add DIR to search list for .include directives\n"));
359 fprintf (stream
, _("\
360 -J don't warn about signed overflow\n"));
361 fprintf (stream
, _("\
362 -K warn when differences altered for long displacements\n"));
363 fprintf (stream
, _("\
364 -L,--keep-locals keep local symbols (e.g. starting with `L')\n"));
365 fprintf (stream
, _("\
366 -M,--mri assemble in MRI compatibility mode\n"));
367 fprintf (stream
, _("\
368 --MD FILE write dependency information in FILE (default none)\n"));
369 fprintf (stream
, _("\
370 --multibyte-handling=<method>\n\
371 what to do with multibyte characters encountered in the input\n"));
372 fprintf (stream
, _("\
374 fprintf (stream
, _("\
375 -no-pad-sections do not pad the end of sections to alignment boundaries\n"));
376 fprintf (stream
, _("\
377 -o OBJFILE name the object-file output OBJFILE (default a.out)\n"));
378 fprintf (stream
, _("\
379 -R fold data section into text section\n"));
380 fprintf (stream
, _("\
381 --reduce-memory-overheads ignored\n"));
382 fprintf (stream
, _("\
383 --statistics print various measured statistics from execution\n"));
384 fprintf (stream
, _("\
385 --strip-local-absolute strip local absolute symbols\n"));
386 fprintf (stream
, _("\
387 --traditional-format Use same format as native assembler when possible\n"));
388 fprintf (stream
, _("\
389 --version print assembler version number and exit\n"));
390 fprintf (stream
, _("\
391 -W --no-warn suppress warnings\n"));
392 fprintf (stream
, _("\
393 --warn don't suppress warnings\n"));
394 fprintf (stream
, _("\
395 --fatal-warnings treat warnings as errors\n"));
397 fprintf (stream
, _("\
398 --itbl INSTTBL extend instruction set to include instructions\n\
399 matching the specifications defined in file INSTTBL\n"));
401 fprintf (stream
, _("\
403 fprintf (stream
, _("\
405 fprintf (stream
, _("\
406 -Z generate object file even after errors\n"));
407 fprintf (stream
, _("\
408 --listing-lhs-width set the width in words of the output data column of\n\
410 fprintf (stream
, _("\
411 --listing-lhs-width2 set the width in words of the continuation lines\n\
412 of the output data column; ignored if smaller than\n\
413 the width of the first line\n"));
414 fprintf (stream
, _("\
415 --listing-rhs-width set the max width in characters of the lines from\n\
416 the source file\n"));
417 fprintf (stream
, _("\
418 --listing-cont-lines set the maximum number of continuation lines used\n\
419 for the output data column of the listing\n"));
420 fprintf (stream
, _("\
421 @FILE read options from FILE\n"));
423 md_show_usage (stream
);
425 fputc ('\n', stream
);
427 if (REPORT_BUGS_TO
[0] && stream
== stdout
)
428 fprintf (stream
, _("Report bugs to %s\n"), REPORT_BUGS_TO
);
431 /* Since it is easy to do here we interpret the special arg "-"
432 to mean "use stdin" and we set that argv[] pointing to "".
433 After we have munged argv[], the only things left are source file
434 name(s) and ""(s) denoting stdin. These file names are used
435 (perhaps more than once) later.
437 check for new machine-dep cmdline options in
438 md_parse_option definitions in config/tc-*.c. */
441 parse_args (int * pargc
, char *** pargv
)
447 /* Starting the short option string with '-' is for programs that
448 expect options and other ARGV-elements in any order and that care about
449 the ordering of the two. We describe each non-option ARGV-element
450 as if it were the argument of an option with character code 1. */
452 extern const char *md_shortopts
;
453 static const char std_shortopts
[] =
456 #ifndef WORKING_DOT_WORD
457 /* -K is not meaningful if .word is not being hacked. */
460 'L', 'M', 'R', 'W', 'Z', 'a', ':', ':', 'D', 'f', 'g', ':',':', 'I', ':', 'o', ':',
462 /* -v takes an argument on VMS, so we don't make it a generic
468 /* New option for extending instruction set (see also --itbl below). */
473 struct option
*longopts
;
474 extern struct option md_longopts
[];
475 extern size_t md_longopts_size
;
476 /* Codes used for the long options with no short synonyms. */
479 OPTION_HELP
= OPTION_STD_BASE
,
486 OPTION_DEBUG_PREFIX_MAP
,
488 OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH
,
489 OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH2
, /* = STD_BASE + 10 */
490 OPTION_LISTING_RHS_WIDTH
,
491 OPTION_LISTING_CONT_LINES
,
499 OPTION_GDWARF_SECTIONS
, /* = STD_BASE + 20 */
500 OPTION_GDWARF_CIE_VERSION
,
502 OPTION_STRIP_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE
,
503 OPTION_TRADITIONAL_FORMAT
,
509 OPTION_ELF_STT_COMMON
,
510 OPTION_ELF_BUILD_NOTES
, /* = STD_BASE + 30 */
511 OPTION_SECTNAME_SUBST
,
514 OPTION_HASH_TABLE_SIZE
,
515 OPTION_REDUCE_MEMORY_OVERHEADS
,
517 OPTION_COMPRESS_DEBUG
,
518 OPTION_NOCOMPRESS_DEBUG
,
519 OPTION_NO_PAD_SECTIONS
,
520 OPTION_MULTIBYTE_HANDLING
, /* = STD_BASE + 40 */
523 /* When you add options here, check that they do
524 not collide with OPTION_MD_BASE. See as.h. */
527 static const struct option std_longopts
[] =
529 /* Note: commas are placed at the start of the line rather than
530 the end of the preceding line so that it is simpler to
531 selectively add and remove lines from this list. */
532 {"alternate", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_ALTERNATE
}
533 /* The entry for "a" is here to prevent getopt_long_only() from
534 considering that -a is an abbreviation for --alternate. This is
535 necessary because -a=<FILE> is a valid switch but getopt would
536 normally reject it since --alternate does not take an argument. */
537 ,{"a", optional_argument
, NULL
, 'a'}
538 /* Handle -al=<FILE>. */
539 ,{"al", optional_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_AL
}
540 ,{"compress-debug-sections", optional_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_COMPRESS_DEBUG
}
541 ,{"nocompress-debug-sections", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_NOCOMPRESS_DEBUG
}
542 ,{"debug-prefix-map", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_DEBUG_PREFIX_MAP
}
543 ,{"defsym", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_DEFSYM
}
544 ,{"dump-config", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_DUMPCONFIG
}
545 ,{"emulation", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_EMULATION
}
546 #if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF
547 ,{"execstack", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_EXECSTACK
}
548 ,{"noexecstack", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_NOEXECSTACK
}
549 ,{"size-check", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_SIZE_CHECK
}
550 ,{"elf-stt-common", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_ELF_STT_COMMON
}
551 ,{"sectname-subst", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_SECTNAME_SUBST
}
552 ,{"generate-missing-build-notes", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_ELF_BUILD_NOTES
}
553 ,{"gsframe", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_SFRAME
}
554 # if defined (TARGET_USE_SCFI) && defined (TARGET_USE_GINSN)
555 ,{"scfi", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_SCFI
}
557 #endif /* OBJ_ELF || OBJ_MAYBE_ELF. */
558 ,{"fatal-warnings", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_WARN_FATAL
}
559 ,{"gdwarf-2", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GDWARF_2
}
560 ,{"gdwarf-3", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GDWARF_3
}
561 ,{"gdwarf-4", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GDWARF_4
}
562 ,{"gdwarf-5", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GDWARF_5
}
563 /* GCC uses --gdwarf-2 but GAS used to to use --gdwarf2,
564 so we keep it here for backwards compatibility. */
565 ,{"gdwarf2", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GDWARF_2
}
566 ,{"gdwarf-sections", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GDWARF_SECTIONS
}
567 ,{"gdwarf-cie-version", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GDWARF_CIE_VERSION
}
568 #if defined (TE_PE) && defined (O_secrel)
569 ,{"gcodeview", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GCODEVIEW
}
571 ,{"gen-debug", no_argument
, NULL
, 'g'}
572 ,{"gstabs", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GSTABS
}
573 ,{"gstabs+", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GSTABS_PLUS
}
574 ,{"hash-size", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_HASH_TABLE_SIZE
}
575 ,{"help", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_HELP
}
577 /* New option for extending instruction set (see also -t above).
578 The "-t file" or "--itbl file" option extends the basic set of
579 valid instructions by reading "file", a text file containing a
580 list of instruction formats. The additional opcodes and their
581 formats are added to the built-in set of instructions, and
582 mnemonics for new registers may also be defined. */
583 ,{"itbl", required_argument
, NULL
, 't'}
585 /* getopt allows abbreviations, so we do this to stop it from
586 treating -k as an abbreviation for --keep-locals. Some
587 ports use -k to enable PIC assembly. */
588 ,{"keep-locals", no_argument
, NULL
, 'L'}
589 ,{"keep-locals", no_argument
, NULL
, 'L'}
590 ,{"listing-lhs-width", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH
}
591 ,{"listing-lhs-width2", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH2
}
592 ,{"listing-rhs-width", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_LISTING_RHS_WIDTH
}
593 ,{"listing-cont-lines", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_LISTING_CONT_LINES
}
594 ,{"MD", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_DEPFILE
}
595 ,{"mri", no_argument
, NULL
, 'M'}
596 ,{"nocpp", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_NOCPP
}
597 ,{"no-pad-sections", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_NO_PAD_SECTIONS
}
598 ,{"no-warn", no_argument
, NULL
, 'W'}
599 ,{"reduce-memory-overheads", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_REDUCE_MEMORY_OVERHEADS
}
600 ,{"statistics", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_STATISTICS
}
601 ,{"strip-local-absolute", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_STRIP_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE
}
602 ,{"version", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_VERSION
}
603 ,{"verbose", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_VERBOSE
}
604 ,{"target-help", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_TARGET_HELP
}
605 ,{"traditional-format", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_TRADITIONAL_FORMAT
}
606 ,{"warn", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_WARN
}
607 ,{"multibyte-handling", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_MULTIBYTE_HANDLING
}
610 /* Construct the option lists from the standard list and the target
611 dependent list. Include space for an extra NULL option and
612 always NULL terminate. */
613 shortopts
= concat (std_shortopts
, md_shortopts
, (char *) NULL
);
614 longopts
= (struct option
*) xmalloc (sizeof (std_longopts
)
615 + md_longopts_size
+ sizeof (struct option
));
616 memcpy (longopts
, std_longopts
, sizeof (std_longopts
));
617 memcpy (((char *) longopts
) + sizeof (std_longopts
), md_longopts
, md_longopts_size
);
618 memset (((char *) longopts
) + sizeof (std_longopts
) + md_longopts_size
,
619 0, sizeof (struct option
));
621 /* Make a local copy of the old argv. */
625 /* Initialize a new argv that contains no options. */
626 new_argv
= notes_alloc (sizeof (char *) * (old_argc
+ 1));
627 new_argv
[0] = old_argv
[0];
629 new_argv
[new_argc
] = NULL
;
633 /* getopt_long_only is like getopt_long, but '-' as well as '--' can
634 indicate a long option. */
636 int optc
= getopt_long_only (old_argc
, old_argv
, shortopts
, longopts
,
645 /* md_parse_option should return 1 if it recognizes optc,
647 if (md_parse_option (optc
, optarg
) != 0)
649 /* `-v' isn't included in the general short_opts list, so check for
650 it explicitly here before deciding we've gotten a bad argument. */
654 /* Telling getopt to treat -v's value as optional can result
655 in it picking up a following filename argument here. The
656 VMS code in md_parse_option can return 0 in that case,
657 but it has no way of pushing the filename argument back. */
658 if (optarg
&& *optarg
)
659 new_argv
[new_argc
++] = optarg
, new_argv
[new_argc
] = NULL
;
670 as_bad (_("unrecognized option -%c%s"), optc
, optarg
? optarg
: "");
676 case 1: /* File name. */
677 if (!strcmp (optarg
, "-"))
678 optarg
= (char *) "";
679 new_argv
[new_argc
++] = optarg
;
680 new_argv
[new_argc
] = NULL
;
683 case OPTION_TARGET_HELP
:
684 md_show_usage (stdout
);
694 case OPTION_NO_PAD_SECTIONS
:
695 do_not_pad_sections_to_alignment
= 1;
698 case OPTION_STATISTICS
:
699 flag_print_statistics
= 1;
702 case OPTION_STRIP_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE
:
703 flag_strip_local_absolute
= 1;
706 case OPTION_TRADITIONAL_FORMAT
:
707 flag_traditional_format
= 1;
710 case OPTION_MULTIBYTE_HANDLING
:
711 if (strcmp (optarg
, "allow") == 0)
712 multibyte_handling
= multibyte_allow
;
713 else if (strcmp (optarg
, "warn") == 0)
714 multibyte_handling
= multibyte_warn
;
715 else if (strcmp (optarg
, "warn-sym-only") == 0)
716 multibyte_handling
= multibyte_warn_syms
;
717 else if (strcmp (optarg
, "warn_sym_only") == 0)
718 multibyte_handling
= multibyte_warn_syms
;
720 as_fatal (_("unexpected argument to --multibyte-input-option: '%s'"), optarg
);
724 /* This output is intended to follow the GNU standards document. */
725 printf (_("GNU assembler %s\n"), BFD_VERSION_STRING
);
726 printf (_("Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n"));
728 This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of\n\
729 the GNU General Public License version 3 or later.\n\
730 This program has absolutely no warranty.\n"));
731 #ifdef TARGET_WITH_CPU
732 printf (_("This assembler was configured for a target of `%s' "
733 "and default,\ncpu type `%s'.\n"),
734 TARGET_ALIAS
, TARGET_WITH_CPU
);
736 printf (_("This assembler was configured for a target of `%s'.\n"),
741 case OPTION_EMULATION
:
742 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
743 if (strcmp (optarg
, this_emulation
->name
))
744 as_fatal (_("multiple emulation names specified"));
746 as_fatal (_("emulations not handled in this configuration"));
750 case OPTION_DUMPCONFIG
:
751 fprintf (stderr
, _("alias = %s\n"), TARGET_ALIAS
);
752 fprintf (stderr
, _("canonical = %s\n"), TARGET_CANONICAL
);
753 fprintf (stderr
, _("cpu-type = %s\n"), TARGET_CPU
);
754 #ifdef TARGET_OBJ_FORMAT
755 fprintf (stderr
, _("format = %s\n"), TARGET_OBJ_FORMAT
);
758 fprintf (stderr
, _("bfd-target = %s\n"), TARGET_FORMAT
);
762 case OPTION_COMPRESS_DEBUG
:
765 #if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF
766 flag_compress_debug
= bfd_get_compression_algorithm (optarg
);
768 if (flag_compress_debug
== COMPRESS_DEBUG_ZSTD
)
769 as_fatal (_ ("--compress-debug-sections=zstd: gas is not "
770 "built with zstd support"));
772 if (flag_compress_debug
== COMPRESS_UNKNOWN
)
773 as_fatal (_("Invalid --compress-debug-sections option: `%s'"),
776 as_fatal (_("--compress-debug-sections=%s is unsupported"),
781 flag_compress_debug
= DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM
;
784 case OPTION_NOCOMPRESS_DEBUG
:
785 flag_compress_debug
= COMPRESS_DEBUG_NONE
;
788 case OPTION_DEBUG_PREFIX_MAP
:
789 add_debug_prefix_map (optarg
);
796 struct defsym_list
*n
;
798 for (s
= optarg
; *s
!= '\0' && *s
!= '='; s
++)
801 as_fatal (_("bad defsym; format is --defsym name=value"));
803 i
= bfd_scan_vma (s
, (const char **) NULL
, 0);
804 n
= XNEW (struct defsym_list
);
815 /* optarg is the name of the file containing the instruction
816 formats, opcodes, register names, etc. */
819 as_warn (_("no file name following -t option"));
823 /* Parse the file and add the new instructions to our internal
824 table. If multiple instruction tables are specified, the
825 information from this table gets appended onto the existing
827 if (itbl_parse (optarg
) != 0)
828 as_fatal (_("failed to read instruction table %s\n"),
835 start_dependencies (optarg
);
839 /* Some backends, eg Alpha and Mips, use the -g switch for their
840 own purposes. So we check here for an explicit -g and allow
841 the backend to decide if it wants to process it. */
842 if ( old_argv
[optind
- 1][1] == 'g'
843 && md_parse_option (optc
, optarg
))
846 /* We end up here for any -gsomething-not-already-a-long-option.
847 give some useful feedback on not (yet) supported -gdwarfxxx
848 versions/sections/options. */
849 if (startswith (old_argv
[optind
- 1], "-gdwarf"))
850 as_fatal (_("unknown DWARF option %s\n"), old_argv
[optind
- 1]);
851 else if (old_argv
[optind
- 1][1] == 'g' && optarg
!= NULL
)
852 as_fatal (_("unknown option `%s'"), old_argv
[optind
- 1]);
854 if (md_debug_format_selector
)
855 debug_type
= md_debug_format_selector (& use_gnu_debug_info_extensions
);
858 debug_type
= DEBUG_DWARF2
;
862 debug_type
= DEBUG_STABS
;
865 case OPTION_GSTABS_PLUS
:
866 use_gnu_debug_info_extensions
= 1;
869 debug_type
= DEBUG_STABS
;
872 case OPTION_GDWARF_2
:
873 debug_type
= DEBUG_DWARF2
;
877 case OPTION_GDWARF_3
:
878 debug_type
= DEBUG_DWARF2
;
882 case OPTION_GDWARF_4
:
883 debug_type
= DEBUG_DWARF2
;
887 case OPTION_GDWARF_5
:
888 debug_type
= DEBUG_DWARF2
;
892 case OPTION_GDWARF_SECTIONS
:
893 flag_dwarf_sections
= true;
896 #if defined (TE_PE) && defined (O_secrel)
897 case OPTION_GCODEVIEW
:
898 debug_type
= DEBUG_CODEVIEW
;
902 case OPTION_GDWARF_CIE_VERSION
:
903 flag_dwarf_cie_version
= atoi (optarg
);
904 /* The available CIE versions are 1 (DWARF 2), 3 (DWARF 3), and 4
906 if (flag_dwarf_cie_version
< 1
907 || flag_dwarf_cie_version
== 2
908 || flag_dwarf_cie_version
> 4)
909 as_fatal (_("Invalid --gdwarf-cie-version `%s'"), optarg
);
910 switch (flag_dwarf_cie_version
)
928 flag_signed_overflow_ok
= 1;
931 #ifndef WORKING_DOT_WORD
933 flag_warn_displacement
= 1;
937 flag_keep_locals
= 1;
940 case OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH
:
941 listing_lhs_width
= atoi (optarg
);
942 if (listing_lhs_width_second
< listing_lhs_width
)
943 listing_lhs_width_second
= listing_lhs_width
;
945 case OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH2
:
947 int tmp
= atoi (optarg
);
949 if (tmp
> listing_lhs_width
)
950 listing_lhs_width_second
= tmp
;
953 case OPTION_LISTING_RHS_WIDTH
:
954 listing_rhs_width
= atoi (optarg
);
956 case OPTION_LISTING_CONT_LINES
:
957 listing_lhs_cont_lines
= atoi (optarg
);
968 flag_readonly_data_in_text
= 1;
972 flag_no_warnings
= 1;
976 flag_no_warnings
= 0;
977 flag_fatal_warnings
= 0;
980 case OPTION_WARN_FATAL
:
981 flag_no_warnings
= 0;
982 flag_fatal_warnings
= 1;
985 #if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF
986 case OPTION_EXECSTACK
:
988 flag_noexecstack
= 0;
991 case OPTION_NOEXECSTACK
:
992 flag_noexecstack
= 1;
996 # if defined (TARGET_USE_SCFI) && defined (TARGET_USE_GINSN)
998 if (optarg
&& strcasecmp (optarg
, "experimental") == 0)
999 flag_synth_cfi
= SYNTH_CFI_EXPERIMENTAL
;
1001 as_fatal (_("Invalid --scfi= option: `%s'; suggested option: experimental"),
1006 case OPTION_SIZE_CHECK
:
1007 if (strcasecmp (optarg
, "error") == 0)
1008 flag_allow_nonconst_size
= false;
1009 else if (strcasecmp (optarg
, "warning") == 0)
1010 flag_allow_nonconst_size
= true;
1012 as_fatal (_("Invalid --size-check= option: `%s'"), optarg
);
1015 case OPTION_ELF_STT_COMMON
:
1016 if (strcasecmp (optarg
, "no") == 0)
1017 flag_use_elf_stt_common
= 0;
1018 else if (strcasecmp (optarg
, "yes") == 0)
1019 flag_use_elf_stt_common
= 1;
1021 as_fatal (_("Invalid --elf-stt-common= option: `%s'"),
1025 case OPTION_SECTNAME_SUBST
:
1026 flag_sectname_subst
= 1;
1029 case OPTION_ELF_BUILD_NOTES
:
1030 if (strcasecmp (optarg
, "no") == 0)
1031 flag_generate_build_notes
= false;
1032 else if (strcasecmp (optarg
, "yes") == 0)
1033 flag_generate_build_notes
= true;
1035 as_fatal (_("Invalid --generate-missing-build-notes option: `%s'"),
1040 flag_gen_sframe
= 1;
1043 #endif /* OBJ_ELF */
1046 flag_always_generate_output
= 1;
1050 listing
|= LISTING_LISTING
;
1052 listing_filename
= notes_strdup (optarg
);
1055 case OPTION_ALTERNATE
:
1056 optarg
= old_argv
[optind
- 1];
1057 while (* optarg
== '-')
1060 if (strcmp (optarg
, "alternate") == 0)
1062 flag_macro_alternate
= 1;
1071 if (optarg
!= old_argv
[optind
] && optarg
[-1] == '=')
1074 if (md_parse_option (optc
, optarg
) != 0)
1082 listing
|= LISTING_NOCOND
;
1085 listing
|= LISTING_NODEBUG
;
1088 listing
|= LISTING_GENERAL
;
1091 listing
|= LISTING_HLL
;
1094 listing
|= LISTING_GINSN_SCFI
;
1097 listing
|= LISTING_LISTING
;
1100 listing
|= LISTING_MACEXP
;
1103 listing
|= LISTING_NOFORM
;
1106 listing
|= LISTING_SYMBOLS
;
1109 listing_filename
= notes_strdup (optarg
+ 1);
1110 optarg
+= strlen (listing_filename
);
1113 as_fatal (_("invalid listing option `%c'"), *optarg
);
1120 listing
= LISTING_DEFAULT
;
1124 /* DEBUG is implemented: it debugs different
1125 things from other people's assemblers. */
1130 flag_no_comments
= 1;
1134 { /* Include file directory. */
1135 char *temp
= notes_strdup (optarg
);
1137 add_include_dir (temp
);
1142 out_file_name
= notes_strdup (optarg
);
1149 /* -X means treat warnings as errors. */
1152 case OPTION_REDUCE_MEMORY_OVERHEADS
:
1155 case OPTION_HASH_TABLE_SIZE
:
1166 #ifdef md_after_parse_args
1167 md_after_parse_args ();
1172 dump_statistics (void)
1174 long run_time
= get_run_time () - start_time
;
1176 fprintf (stderr
, _("%s: total time in assembly: %ld.%06ld\n"),
1177 myname
, run_time
/ 1000000, run_time
% 1000000);
1179 subsegs_print_statistics (stderr
);
1180 write_print_statistics (stderr
);
1181 symbol_print_statistics (stderr
);
1182 read_print_statistics (stderr
);
1184 #ifdef tc_print_statistics
1185 tc_print_statistics (stderr
);
1188 #ifdef obj_print_statistics
1189 obj_print_statistics (stderr
);
1193 /* Here to attempt 1 pass over each input file.
1194 We scan argv[*] looking for filenames or exactly "" which is
1195 shorthand for stdin. Any argv that is NULL is not a file-name.
1196 We set need_pass_2 TRUE if, after this, we still have unresolved
1197 expressions of the form (unknown value)+-(unknown value).
1199 Note the un*x semantics: there is only 1 logical input file, but it
1200 may be a catenation of many 'physical' input files. */
1203 perform_an_assembly_pass (int argc
, char ** argv
)
1207 flagword applicable
;
1213 /* Create the standard sections, and those the assembler uses
1215 text_section
= subseg_new (TEXT_SECTION_NAME
, 0);
1216 data_section
= subseg_new (DATA_SECTION_NAME
, 0);
1217 bss_section
= subseg_new (BSS_SECTION_NAME
, 0);
1218 /* @@ FIXME -- we're setting the RELOC flag so that sections are assumed
1219 to have relocs, otherwise we don't find out in time. */
1220 applicable
= bfd_applicable_section_flags (stdoutput
);
1221 bfd_set_section_flags (text_section
,
1222 applicable
& (SEC_ALLOC
| SEC_LOAD
| SEC_RELOC
1223 | SEC_CODE
| SEC_READONLY
));
1224 bfd_set_section_flags (data_section
,
1225 applicable
& (SEC_ALLOC
| SEC_LOAD
| SEC_RELOC
1227 bfd_set_section_flags (bss_section
, applicable
& SEC_ALLOC
);
1228 seg_info (bss_section
)->bss
= 1;
1230 subseg_new (BFD_ABS_SECTION_NAME
, 0);
1231 subseg_new (BFD_UND_SECTION_NAME
, 0);
1232 reg_section
= subseg_new ("*GAS `reg' section*", 0);
1233 expr_section
= subseg_new ("*GAS `expr' section*", 0);
1236 subseg_set (text_section
, 0);
1239 /* This may add symbol table entries, which requires having an open BFD,
1240 and sections already created. */
1257 { /* Is it a file-name argument? */
1259 /* argv->"" if stdin desired, else->filename. */
1260 read_a_source_file (*argv
);
1262 argv
++; /* Completed that argv. */
1265 read_a_source_file ("");
1271 _obstack_free (¬es
, NULL
);
1274 /* Early initialisation, before gas prints messages. */
1277 gas_early_init (int *argcp
, char ***argvp
)
1279 start_time
= get_run_time ();
1282 #ifdef HAVE_LC_MESSAGES
1283 setlocale (LC_MESSAGES
, "");
1285 setlocale (LC_CTYPE
, "");
1286 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE
, LOCALEDIR
);
1287 textdomain (PACKAGE
);
1292 #ifndef OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME
1293 #define OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME "a.out"
1296 out_file_name
= OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME
;
1299 if (bfd_init () != BFD_INIT_MAGIC
)
1300 as_fatal (_("libbfd ABI mismatch"));
1302 obstack_begin (¬es
, chunksize
);
1303 xatexit (free_notes
);
1306 xmalloc_set_program_name (myname
);
1307 bfd_set_error_program_name (myname
);
1309 expandargv (argcp
, argvp
);
1311 init_include_dir ();
1313 #ifdef HOST_SPECIAL_INIT
1314 HOST_SPECIAL_INIT (*argcp
, *argvp
);
1317 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
1318 select_emulation_mode (*argcp
, *argvp
);
1322 /* The bulk of gas initialisation. This is after args are parsed. */
1331 input_scrub_begin ();
1339 local_symbol_make (".gasversion.", absolute_section
,
1340 &predefined_address_frag
, BFD_VERSION
/ 10000UL);
1342 /* Note: Put new initialisation calls that don't depend on stdoutput
1343 being open above this point. stdoutput must be open for anything
1344 that might use stdoutput objalloc memory, eg. calling bfd_alloc
1345 or creating global symbols (via bfd_make_empty_symbol). */
1346 xatexit (output_file_close
);
1347 output_file_create (out_file_name
);
1348 gas_assert (stdoutput
!= 0);
1350 /* Must be called before output_file_close. xexit calls the xatexit
1351 list in reverse order. */
1352 if (flag_print_statistics
)
1353 xatexit (dump_statistics
);
1357 #ifdef tc_init_after_args
1358 tc_init_after_args ();
1363 /* Now that we have fully initialized, and have created the output
1364 file, define any symbols requested by --defsym command line
1366 while (defsyms
!= NULL
)
1369 struct defsym_list
*next
;
1371 sym
= symbol_new (defsyms
->name
, absolute_section
,
1372 &zero_address_frag
, defsyms
->value
);
1373 /* Make symbols defined on the command line volatile, so that they
1374 can be redefined inside a source file. This makes this assembler's
1375 behaviour compatible with earlier versions, but it may not be
1376 completely intuitive. */
1377 S_SET_VOLATILE (sym
);
1378 symbol_table_insert (sym
);
1379 next
= defsyms
->next
;
1386 main (int argc
, char ** argv
)
1388 char ** argv_orig
= argv
;
1391 gas_early_init (&argc
, &argv
);
1393 /* Call parse_args before gas_init so that switches like
1394 --hash-size can be honored. */
1395 parse_args (&argc
, &argv
);
1397 if (argc
> 1 && stat (out_file_name
, &sob
) == 0)
1401 for (i
= 1; i
< argc
; ++i
)
1405 /* Check that the input file and output file are different. */
1406 if (stat (argv
[i
], &sib
) == 0
1407 && sib
.st_ino
== sob
.st_ino
1408 /* POSIX emulating systems may support stat() but if the
1409 underlying file system does not support a file serial number
1410 of some kind then they will return 0 for the inode. So
1411 two files with an inode of 0 may not actually be the same.
1412 On real POSIX systems no ordinary file will ever have an
1415 /* Different files may have the same inode number if they
1416 reside on different devices, so check the st_dev field as
1418 && sib
.st_dev
== sob
.st_dev
1419 /* PR 25572: Only check regular files. Devices, sockets and so
1420 on might actually work as both input and output. Plus there
1421 is a use case for using /dev/null as both input and output
1422 when checking for command line option support in a script:
1423 as --foo /dev/null -o /dev/null; if $? then ... */
1424 && S_ISREG (sib
.st_mode
))
1426 const char *saved_out_file_name
= out_file_name
;
1428 /* Don't let as_fatal remove the output file! */
1429 out_file_name
= NULL
;
1430 as_fatal (_("The input '%s' and output '%s' files are the same"),
1431 argv
[i
], saved_out_file_name
);
1439 perform_an_assembly_pass (argc
, argv
);
1441 cond_finish_check (-1);
1447 #if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF
1448 if ((flag_execstack
|| flag_noexecstack
)
1449 && OUTPUT_FLAVOR
== bfd_target_elf_flavour
)
1453 gnustack
= subseg_new (".note.GNU-stack", 0);
1454 bfd_set_section_flags (gnustack
,
1455 SEC_READONLY
| (flag_execstack
? SEC_CODE
: 0));
1462 /* If we've been collecting dwarf2 .debug_line info, either for
1463 assembly debugging or on behalf of the compiler, emit it now. */
1466 /* If we constructed dwarf2 .eh_frame info, either via .cfi
1467 directives from the user or by the backend, emit it now. */
1471 if (seen_at_least_1_file ())
1473 int n_warns
, n_errs
;
1477 write_object_file ();
1479 n_warns
= had_warnings ();
1480 n_errs
= had_errors ();
1483 ngettext ("%d warning", "%d warnings", n_warns
), n_warns
);
1485 ngettext ("%d error", "%d errors", n_errs
), n_errs
);
1486 if (flag_fatal_warnings
&& n_warns
!= 0)
1489 as_bad (_("%s, treating warnings as errors"), warn_msg
);
1495 else if (flag_always_generate_output
)
1497 /* The -Z flag indicates that an object file should be generated,
1498 regardless of warnings and errors. */
1500 fprintf (stderr
, _("%s, %s, generating bad object file\n"),
1508 listing_print (listing_filename
, argv_orig
);
1513 /* Use xexit instead of return, because under VMS environments they
1514 may not place the same interpretation on the value given. */
1515 if (had_errors () != 0)
1516 xexit (EXIT_FAILURE
);
1518 /* Only generate dependency file if assembler was successful. */
1519 print_dependencies ();
1521 xexit (EXIT_SUCCESS
);