util.c

   1 #include <stdlib.h>
   2 #include <assert.h>
   3 #include <barvinok/util.h>
   4 #include <barvinok/options.h>
   5 #include "config.h"
   6
   7 #ifndef HAVE_ENUMERATE4
   8 #define Polyhedron_Enumerate(a,b,c,d) Polyhedron_Enumerate(a,b,c)
   9 #endif
  10
  11 #define ALLOC(type) (type*)malloc(sizeof(type))
  12 #define ALLOCN(type,n) (type*)malloc((n) * sizeof(type))
  13
  14 #ifdef __GNUC__
  15 #define NALLOC(p,n) p = (typeof(p))malloc((n) * sizeof(*p))
  16 #else
  17 #define NALLOC(p,n) p = (void *)malloc((n) * sizeof(*p))
  18 #endif
  19
  20 #ifndef HAVE_ENUMERATION_FREE
  21 #define Enumeration_Free(en)    /* just leak some memory */
  22 #endif
  23
  24 void manual_count(Polyhedron *P, Value* result)
  25 {
  26     Polyhedron *U = Universe_Polyhedron(0);
  27     Enumeration *en = Polyhedron_Enumerate(P,U,1024,NULL);
  28     Value *v = compute_poly(en,NULL);
  29     value_assign(*result, *v);
  30     value_clear(*v);
  31     free(v);
  32     Enumeration_Free(en);
  33     Polyhedron_Free(U);
  34 }
  35
  36 #ifndef HAVE_ENUMERATION_FREE
  37 #undef Enumeration_Free
  38 #endif
  39
  40 #include <barvinok/evalue.h>
  41 #include <barvinok/util.h>
  42 #include <barvinok/barvinok.h>
  43
  44 /* Return random value between 0 and max-1 inclusive
  45  */
  46 int random_int(int max) {
  47     return (int) (((double)(max))*rand()/(RAND_MAX+1.0));
  48 }
  49
  50 Polyhedron *Polyhedron_Read(unsigned MaxRays)
  51 {
  52     int vertices = 0;
  53     unsigned NbRows, NbColumns;
  54     Matrix *M;
  55     Polyhedron *P;
  56     char s[128];
  57
  58     while (fgets(s, sizeof(s), stdin)) {
  59         if (*s == '#')
  60             continue;
  61         if (strncasecmp(s, "vertices", sizeof("vertices")-1) == 0)
  62             vertices = 1;
  63         if (sscanf(s, "%u %u", &NbRows, &NbColumns) == 2)
  64             break;
  65     }
  66     if (feof(stdin))
  67         return NULL;
  68     M = Matrix_Alloc(NbRows,NbColumns);
  69     Matrix_Read_Input(M);
  70     if (vertices)
  71         P = Rays2Polyhedron(M, MaxRays);
  72     else
  73         P = Constraints2Polyhedron(M, MaxRays);
  74     Matrix_Free(M);
  75     return P;
  76 }
  77
  78 /* Inplace polarization
  79  */
  80 void Polyhedron_Polarize(Polyhedron *P)
  81 {
  82     unsigned NbRows = P->NbConstraints + P->NbRays;
  83     int i;
  84     Value **q;
  85
  86     q = (Value **)malloc(NbRows * sizeof(Value *));
  87     assert(q);
  88     for (i = 0; i < P->NbRays; ++i)
  89         q[i] = P->Ray[i];
  90     for (; i < NbRows; ++i)
  91         q[i] = P->Constraint[i-P->NbRays];
  92     P->NbConstraints = NbRows - P->NbConstraints;
  93     P->NbRays = NbRows - P->NbRays;
  94     free(P->Constraint);
  95     P->Constraint = q;
  96     P->Ray = q + P->NbConstraints;
  97 }
  98
  99 /*
 100  * Rather general polar
 101  * We can optimize it significantly if we assume that
 102  * P includes zero
 103  *
 104  * Also, we calculate the polar as defined in Schrijver
 105  * The opposite should probably work as well and would
 106  * eliminate the need for multiplying by -1
 107  */
 108 Polyhedron* Polyhedron_Polar(Polyhedron *P, unsigned NbMaxRays)
 109 {
 110     int i;
 111     Value mone;
 112     unsigned dim = P->Dimension + 2;
 113     Matrix *M = Matrix_Alloc(P->NbRays, dim);
 114
 115     assert(M);
 116     value_init(mone);
 117     value_set_si(mone, -1);
 118     for (i = 0; i < P->NbRays; ++i) {
 119         Vector_Scale(P->Ray[i], M->p[i], mone, dim);
 120         value_multiply(M->p[i][0], M->p[i][0], mone);
 121         value_multiply(M->p[i][dim-1], M->p[i][dim-1], mone);
 122     }
 123     P = Constraints2Polyhedron(M, NbMaxRays);
 124     assert(P);
 125     Matrix_Free(M);
 126     value_clear(mone);
 127     return P;
 128 }
 129
 130 /*
 131  * Returns the supporting cone of P at the vertex with index v
 132  */
 133 Polyhedron* supporting_cone(Polyhedron *P, int v)
 134 {
 135     Matrix *M;
 136     Value tmp;
 137     int i, n, j;
 138     unsigned char *supporting = (unsigned char *)malloc(P->NbConstraints);
 139     unsigned dim = P->Dimension + 2;
 140
 141     assert(v >=0 && v < P->NbRays);
 142     assert(value_pos_p(P->Ray[v][dim-1]));
 143     assert(supporting);
 144
 145     value_init(tmp);
 146     for (i = 0, n = 0; i < P->NbConstraints; ++i) {
 147         Inner_Product(P->Constraint[i] + 1, P->Ray[v] + 1, dim - 1, &tmp);
 148         if ((supporting[i] = value_zero_p(tmp)))
 149             ++n;
 150     }
 151     assert(n >= dim - 2);
 152     value_clear(tmp);
 153     M = Matrix_Alloc(n, dim);
 154     assert(M);
 155     for (i = 0, j = 0; i < P->NbConstraints; ++i)
 156         if (supporting[i]) {
 157             value_set_si(M->p[j][dim-1], 0);
 158             Vector_Copy(P->Constraint[i], M->p[j++], dim-1);
 159         }
 160     free(supporting);
 161     P = Constraints2Polyhedron(M, P->NbRays+1);
 162     assert(P);
 163     Matrix_Free(M);
 164     return P;
 165 }
 166
 167 void value_lcm(Value i, Value j, Value* lcm)
 168 {
 169     Value aux;
 170     value_init(aux);
 171     value_multiply(aux,i,j);
 172     Gcd(i,j,lcm);
 173     value_division(*lcm,aux,*lcm);
 174     value_clear(aux);
 175 }
 176
 177 Polyhedron* supporting_cone_p(Polyhedron *P, Param_Vertices *v)
 178 {
 179     Matrix *M;
 180     Value lcm, tmp, tmp2;
 181     unsigned char *supporting = (unsigned char *)malloc(P->NbConstraints);
 182     unsigned dim = P->Dimension + 2;
 183     unsigned nparam = v->Vertex->NbColumns - 2;
 184     unsigned nvar = dim - nparam - 2;
 185     int i, n, j;
 186     Vector *row;
 187
 188     assert(supporting);
 189     row = Vector_Alloc(nparam+1);
 190     assert(row);
 191     value_init(lcm);
 192     value_init(tmp);
 193     value_init(tmp2);
 194     value_set_si(lcm, 1);
 195     for (i = 0, n = 0; i < P->NbConstraints; ++i) {
 196         Vector_Set(row->p, 0, nparam+1);
 197         for (j = 0 ; j < nvar; ++j) {
 198             value_set_si(tmp, 1);
 199             value_assign(tmp2,  P->Constraint[i][j+1]);
 200             if (value_ne(lcm, v->Vertex->p[j][nparam+1])) {
 201                 value_assign(tmp, lcm);
 202                 value_lcm(lcm, v->Vertex->p[j][nparam+1], &lcm);
 203                 value_division(tmp, lcm, tmp);
 204                 value_multiply(tmp2, tmp2, lcm);
 205                 value_division(tmp2, tmp2, v->Vertex->p[j][nparam+1]);
 206             }
 207             Vector_Combine(row->p, v->Vertex->p[j], row->p,
 208                            tmp, tmp2, nparam+1);
 209         }
 210         value_set_si(tmp, 1);
 211         Vector_Combine(row->p, P->Constraint[i]+1+nvar, row->p, tmp, lcm, nparam+1);
 212         for (j = 0; j < nparam+1; ++j)
 213             if (value_notzero_p(row->p[j]))
 214                 break;
 215         if ((supporting[i] = (j == nparam + 1)))
 216             ++n;
 217     }
 218     assert(n >= nvar);
 219     value_clear(tmp);
 220     value_clear(tmp2);
 221     value_clear(lcm);
 222     Vector_Free(row);
 223     M = Matrix_Alloc(n, nvar+2);
 224     assert(M);
 225     for (i = 0, j = 0; i < P->NbConstraints; ++i)
 226         if (supporting[i]) {
 227             value_set_si(M->p[j][nvar+1], 0);
 228             Vector_Copy(P->Constraint[i], M->p[j++], nvar+1);
 229         }
 230     free(supporting);
 231     P = Constraints2Polyhedron(M, P->NbRays+1);
 232     assert(P);
 233     Matrix_Free(M);
 234     return P;
 235 }
 236
 237 Polyhedron* triangulate_cone(Polyhedron *P, unsigned NbMaxCons)
 238 {
 239     const static int MAX_TRY=10;
 240     int i, j, r, n, t;
 241     Value tmp;
 242     unsigned dim = P->Dimension;
 243     Matrix *M = Matrix_Alloc(P->NbRays+1, dim+3);
 244     Matrix *M2, *M3;
 245     Polyhedron *L, *R, *T;
 246     assert(P->NbEq == 0);
 247
 248     R = NULL;
 249     value_init(tmp);
 250
 251     Vector_Set(M->p[0]+1, 0, dim+1);
 252     value_set_si(M->p[0][0], 1);
 253     value_set_si(M->p[0][dim+2], 1);
 254     Vector_Set(M->p[P->NbRays]+1, 0, dim+2);
 255     value_set_si(M->p[P->NbRays][0], 1);
 256     value_set_si(M->p[P->NbRays][dim+1], 1);
 257
 258     /* Delaunay triangulation */
 259     for (i = 0, r = 1; i < P->NbRays; ++i) {
 260         if (value_notzero_p(P->Ray[i][dim+1]))
 261             continue;
 262         Vector_Copy(P->Ray[i], M->p[r], dim+1);
 263         Inner_Product(M->p[r]+1, M->p[r]+1, dim, &tmp);
 264         value_assign(M->p[r][dim+1], tmp);
 265         value_set_si(M->p[r][dim+2], 0);
 266         ++r;
 267     }
 268
 269     M3 = Matrix_Copy(M);
 270     L = Rays2Polyhedron(M3, NbMaxCons);
 271     Matrix_Free(M3);
 272
 273     M2 = Matrix_Alloc(dim+1, dim+2);
 274
 275     t = 1;
 276     if (0) {
 277 try_again:
 278         /* Usually R should still be 0 */
 279         Domain_Free(R);
 280         Polyhedron_Free(L);
 281         for (r = 1; r < P->NbRays; ++r) {
 282             value_set_si(M->p[r][dim+1], random_int((t+1)*dim*P->NbRays)+1);
 283         }
 284         M3 = Matrix_Copy(M);
 285         L = Rays2Polyhedron(M3, NbMaxCons);
 286         Matrix_Free(M3);
 287         ++t;
 288     }
 289     assert(t <= MAX_TRY);
 290
 291     R = NULL;
 292     n = 0;
 293
 294     for (i = 0; i < L->NbConstraints; ++i) {
 295         /* Ignore perpendicular facets, i.e., facets with 0 z-coordinate */
 296         if (value_negz_p(L->Constraint[i][dim+1]))
 297             continue;
 298         if (value_notzero_p(L->Constraint[i][dim+2]))
 299             continue;
 300         for (j = 1, r = 1; j < M->NbRows; ++j) {
 301             Inner_Product(M->p[j]+1, L->Constraint[i]+1, dim+1, &tmp);
 302             if (value_notzero_p(tmp))
 303                 continue;
 304             if (r > dim)
 305                 goto try_again;
 306             Vector_Copy(M->p[j]+1, M2->p[r]+1, dim);
 307             value_set_si(M2->p[r][0], 1);
 308             value_set_si(M2->p[r][dim+1], 0);
 309             ++r;
 310         }
 311         assert(r == dim+1);
 312         Vector_Set(M2->p[0]+1, 0, dim);
 313         value_set_si(M2->p[0][0], 1);
 314         value_set_si(M2->p[0][dim+1], 1);
 315         T = Rays2Polyhedron(M2, P->NbConstraints+1);
 316         T->next = R;
 317         R = T;
 318         ++n;
 319     }
 320     Matrix_Free(M2);
 321
 322     Polyhedron_Free(L);
 323     value_clear(tmp);
 324     Matrix_Free(M);
 325
 326     return R;
 327 }
 328
 329 void check_triangulization(Polyhedron *P, Polyhedron *T)
 330 {
 331     Polyhedron *C, *D, *E, *F, *G, *U;
 332     for (C = T; C; C = C->next) {
 333         if (C == T)
 334             U = C;
 335         else
 336             U = DomainConvex(DomainUnion(U, C, 100), 100);
 337         for (D = C->next; D; D = D->next) {
 338             F = C->next;
 339             G = D->next;
 340             C->next = NULL;
 341             D->next = NULL;
 342             E = DomainIntersection(C, D, 600);
 343             assert(E->NbRays == 0 || E->NbEq >= 1);
 344             Polyhedron_Free(E);
 345             C->next = F;
 346             D->next = G;
 347         }
 348     }
 349     assert(PolyhedronIncludes(U, P));
 350     assert(PolyhedronIncludes(P, U));
 351 }
 352
 353 /* Computes x, y and g such that g = gcd(a,b) and a*x+b*y = g */
 354 void Extended_Euclid(Value a, Value b, Value *x, Value *y, Value *g)
 355 {
 356     Value c, d, e, f, tmp;
 357
 358     value_init(c);
 359     value_init(d);
 360     value_init(e);
 361     value_init(f);
 362     value_init(tmp);
 363     value_absolute(c, a);
 364     value_absolute(d, b);
 365     value_set_si(e, 1);
 366     value_set_si(f, 0);
 367     while(value_pos_p(d)) {
 368         value_division(tmp, c, d);
 369         value_multiply(tmp, tmp, f);
 370         value_subtract(e, e, tmp);
 371         value_division(tmp, c, d);
 372         value_multiply(tmp, tmp, d);
 373         value_subtract(c, c, tmp);
 374         value_swap(c, d);
 375         value_swap(e, f);
 376     }
 377     value_assign(*g, c);
 378     if (value_zero_p(a))
 379         value_set_si(*x, 0);
 380     else if (value_pos_p(a))
 381         value_assign(*x, e);
 382     else value_oppose(*x, e);
 383     if (value_zero_p(b))
 384         value_set_si(*y, 0);
 385     else {
 386         value_multiply(tmp, a, *x);
 387         value_subtract(tmp, c, tmp);
 388         value_division(*y, tmp, b);
 389     }
 390     value_clear(c);
 391     value_clear(d);
 392     value_clear(e);
 393     value_clear(f);
 394     value_clear(tmp);
 395 }
 396
 397 Matrix * unimodular_complete(Vector *row)
 398 {
 399     Value g, b, c, old, tmp;
 400     Matrix *m;
 401     unsigned i, j;
 402
 403     value_init(b);
 404     value_init(c);
 405     value_init(g);
 406     value_init(old);
 407     value_init(tmp);
 408     m = Matrix_Alloc(row->Size, row->Size);
 409     for (j = 0; j < row->Size; ++j) {
 410         value_assign(m->p[0][j], row->p[j]);
 411     }
 412     value_assign(g, row->p[0]);
 413     for (i = 1; value_zero_p(g) && i < row->Size; ++i) {
 414         for (j = 0; j < row->Size; ++j) {
 415             if (j == i-1)
 416                 value_set_si(m->p[i][j], 1);
 417             else
 418                 value_set_si(m->p[i][j], 0);
 419         }
 420         value_assign(g, row->p[i]);
 421     }
 422     for (; i < row->Size; ++i) {
 423         value_assign(old, g);
 424         Extended_Euclid(old, row->p[i], &c, &b, &g);
 425         value_oppose(b, b);
 426         for (j = 0; j < row->Size; ++j) {
 427             if (j < i) {
 428                 value_multiply(tmp, row->p[j], b);
 429                 value_division(m->p[i][j], tmp, old);
 430             } else if (j == i)
 431                 value_assign(m->p[i][j], c);
 432             else
 433                 value_set_si(m->p[i][j], 0);
 434         }
 435     }
 436     value_clear(b);
 437     value_clear(c);
 438     value_clear(g);
 439     value_clear(old);
 440     value_clear(tmp);
 441     return m;
 442 }
 443
 444 /*
 445  * Returns a full-dimensional polyhedron with the same number
 446  * of integer points as P
 447  */
 448 Polyhedron *remove_equalities(Polyhedron *P)
 449 {
 450     Value g;
 451     Vector *v;
 452     Polyhedron *p = Polyhedron_Copy(P), *q;
 453     unsigned dim = p->Dimension;
 454     Matrix *m1, *m2;
 455     int i;
 456
 457     value_init(g);
 458     while (!emptyQ2(p) && p->NbEq > 0) {
 459         assert(dim > 0);
 460         Vector_Gcd(p->Constraint[0]+1, dim+1, &g);
 461         Vector_AntiScale(p->Constraint[0]+1, p->Constraint[0]+1, g, dim+1);
 462         Vector_Gcd(p->Constraint[0]+1, dim, &g);
 463         if (value_notone_p(g) && value_notmone_p(g)) {
 464             Polyhedron_Free(p);
 465             p = Empty_Polyhedron(0);
 466             break;
 467         }
 468         v = Vector_Alloc(dim);
 469         Vector_Copy(p->Constraint[0]+1, v->p, dim);
 470         m1 = unimodular_complete(v);
 471         m2 = Matrix_Alloc(dim, dim+1);
 472         for (i = 0; i < dim-1 ; ++i) {
 473             Vector_Copy(m1->p[i+1], m2->p[i], dim);
 474             value_set_si(m2->p[i][dim], 0);
 475         }
 476         Vector_Set(m2->p[dim-1], 0, dim);
 477         value_set_si(m2->p[dim-1][dim], 1);
 478         q = Polyhedron_Image(p, m2, p->NbConstraints+1+p->NbRays);
 479         Vector_Free(v);
 480         Matrix_Free(m1);
 481         Matrix_Free(m2);
 482         Polyhedron_Free(p);
 483         p = q;
 484         --dim;
 485     }
 486     value_clear(g);
 487     return p;
 488 }
 489
 490 /*
 491  * Returns a full-dimensional polyhedron with the same number
 492  * of integer points as P
 493  * nvar specifies the number of variables
 494  * The remaining dimensions are assumed to be parameters
 495  * Destroys P
 496  * factor is NbEq x (nparam+2) matrix, containing stride constraints
 497  * on the parameters; column nparam is the constant;
 498  * column nparam+1 is the stride
 499  *
 500  * if factor is NULL, only remove equalities that don't affect
 501  * the number of points
 502  */
 503 Polyhedron *remove_equalities_p(Polyhedron *P, unsigned nvar, Matrix **factor)
 504 {
 505     Value g;
 506     Vector *v;
 507     Polyhedron *p = P, *q;
 508     unsigned dim = p->Dimension;
 509     Matrix *m1, *m2, *f;
 510     int i, j, skip;
 511
 512     value_init(g);
 513     if (factor) {
 514         f = Matrix_Alloc(p->NbEq, dim-nvar+2);
 515         *factor = f;
 516     }
 517     j = 0;
 518     skip = 0;
 519     while (nvar > 0 && p->NbEq - skip > 0) {
 520         assert(dim > 0);
 521
 522         while (skip < p->NbEq &&
 523                First_Non_Zero(p->Constraint[skip]+1, nvar) == -1)
 524             ++skip;
 525         if (p->NbEq == skip)
 526             break;
 527
 528         Vector_Gcd(p->Constraint[skip]+1, dim+1, &g);
 529         Vector_AntiScale(p->Constraint[skip]+1, p->Constraint[skip]+1, g, dim+1);
 530         Vector_Gcd(p->Constraint[skip]+1, nvar, &g);
 531         if (!factor && value_notone_p(g) && value_notmone_p(g)) {
 532             ++skip;
 533             continue;
 534         }
 535         if (factor) {
 536             Vector_Copy(p->Constraint[skip]+1+nvar, f->p[j], dim-nvar+1);
 537             value_assign(f->p[j][dim-nvar+1], g);
 538         }
 539         v = Vector_Alloc(dim);
 540         Vector_AntiScale(p->Constraint[skip]+1, v->p, g, nvar);
 541         Vector_Set(v->p+nvar, 0, dim-nvar);
 542         m1 = unimodular_complete(v);
 543         m2 = Matrix_Alloc(dim, dim+1);
 544         for (i = 0; i < dim-1 ; ++i) {
 545             Vector_Copy(m1->p[i+1], m2->p[i], dim);
 546             value_set_si(m2->p[i][dim], 0);
 547         }
 548         Vector_Set(m2->p[dim-1], 0, dim);
 549         value_set_si(m2->p[dim-1][dim], 1);
 550         q = Polyhedron_Image(p, m2, p->NbConstraints+1+p->NbRays);
 551         Vector_Free(v);
 552         Matrix_Free(m1);
 553         Matrix_Free(m2);
 554         Polyhedron_Free(p);
 555         p = q;
 556         --dim;
 557         --nvar;
 558         ++j;
 559     }
 560     value_clear(g);
 561     return p;
 562 }
 563
 564 void Line_Length(Polyhedron *P, Value *len)
 565 {
 566     Value tmp, pos, neg;
 567     int p = 0, n = 0;
 568     int i;
 569
 570     assert(P->Dimension == 1);
 571
 572     value_init(tmp);
 573     value_init(pos);
 574     value_init(neg);
 575
 576     for (i = 0; i < P->NbConstraints; ++i) {
 577         value_oppose(tmp, P->Constraint[i][2]);
 578         if (value_pos_p(P->Constraint[i][1])) {
 579             mpz_cdiv_q(tmp, tmp, P->Constraint[i][1]);
 580             if (!p || value_gt(tmp, pos))
 581                 value_assign(pos, tmp);
 582             p = 1;
 583         } else {
 584             mpz_fdiv_q(tmp, tmp, P->Constraint[i][1]);
 585             if (!n || value_lt(tmp, neg))
 586                 value_assign(neg, tmp);
 587             n = 1;
 588         }
 589         if (n && p) {
 590             value_subtract(tmp, neg, pos);
 591             value_increment(*len, tmp);
 592         } else
 593             value_set_si(*len, -1);
 594     }
 595
 596     value_clear(tmp);
 597     value_clear(pos);
 598     value_clear(neg);
 599 }
 600
 601 /*
 602  * Factors the polyhedron P into polyhedra Q_i such that
 603  * the number of integer points in P is equal to the product
 604  * of the number of integer points in the individual Q_i
 605  *
 606  * If no factors can be found, NULL is returned.
 607  * Otherwise, a linked list of the factors is returned.
 608  *
 609  * The algorithm works by first computing the Hermite normal form
 610  * and then grouping columns linked by one or more constraints together,
 611  * where a constraints "links" two or more columns if the constraint
 612  * has nonzero coefficients in the columns.
 613  */
 614 Polyhedron* Polyhedron_Factor(Polyhedron *P, unsigned nparam,
 615                               unsigned NbMaxRays)
 616 {
 617     int i, j, k;
 618     Matrix *M, *H, *Q, *U;
 619     int *pos;           /* for each column: row position of pivot */
 620     int *group;         /* group to which a column belongs */
 621     int *cnt;           /* number of columns in the group */
 622     int *rowgroup;      /* group to which a constraint belongs */
 623     int nvar = P->Dimension - nparam;
 624     Polyhedron *F = NULL;
 625
 626     if (nvar <= 1)
 627         return NULL;
 628
 629     NALLOC(pos, nvar);
 630     NALLOC(group, nvar);
 631     NALLOC(cnt, nvar);
 632     NALLOC(rowgroup, P->NbConstraints);
 633
 634     M = Matrix_Alloc(P->NbConstraints, nvar);
 635     for (i = 0; i < P->NbConstraints; ++i)
 636         Vector_Copy(P->Constraint[i]+1, M->p[i], nvar);
 637     left_hermite(M, &H, &Q, &U);
 638     Matrix_Free(M);
 639     Matrix_Free(Q);
 640     Matrix_Free(U);
 641
 642     for (i = 0; i < P->NbConstraints; ++i)
 643         rowgroup[i] = -1;
 644     for (i = 0, j = 0; i < H->NbColumns; ++i) {
 645         for ( ; j < H->NbRows; ++j)
 646             if (value_notzero_p(H->p[j][i]))
 647                 break;
 648         assert (j < H->NbRows);
 649         pos[i] = j;
 650     }
 651     for (i = 0; i < nvar; ++i) {
 652         group[i] = i;
 653         cnt[i] = 1;
 654     }
 655     for (i = 0; i < H->NbColumns && cnt[0] < nvar; ++i) {
 656         if (rowgroup[pos[i]] == -1)
 657             rowgroup[pos[i]] = i;
 658         for (j = pos[i]+1; j <  H->NbRows; ++j) {
 659             if (value_zero_p(H->p[j][i]))
 660                 continue;
 661             if (rowgroup[j] != -1)
 662                 continue;
 663             rowgroup[j] = group[i];
 664             for (k = i+1; k < H->NbColumns && j >= pos[k]; ++k) {
 665                 int g = group[k];
 666                 while (cnt[g] == 0)
 667                     g = group[g];
 668                 group[k] = g;
 669                 if (group[k] != group[i] && value_notzero_p(H->p[j][k])) {
 670                     assert(cnt[group[k]] != 0);
 671                     assert(cnt[group[i]] != 0);
 672                     if (group[i] < group[k]) {
 673                         cnt[group[i]] += cnt[group[k]];
 674                         cnt[group[k]] = 0;
 675                         group[k] = group[i];
 676                     } else {
 677                         cnt[group[k]] += cnt[group[i]];
 678                         cnt[group[i]] = 0;
 679                         group[i] = group[k];
 680                     }
 681                 }
 682             }
 683         }
 684     }
 685
 686     if (cnt[0] != nvar) {
 687         /* Extract out pure context constraints separately */
 688         Polyhedron **next = &F;
 689         for (i = nparam ? -1 : 0; i < nvar; ++i) {
 690             int d;
 691
 692             if (i == -1) {
 693                 for (j = 0, k = 0; j < P->NbConstraints; ++j)
 694                     if (rowgroup[j] == -1) {
 695                         if (First_Non_Zero(P->Constraint[j]+1+nvar,
 696                                            nparam) == -1)
 697                             rowgroup[j] = -2;
 698                         else
 699                             ++k;
 700                     }
 701                 if (k == 0)
 702                     continue;
 703                 d = 0;
 704             } else {
 705                 if (cnt[i] == 0)
 706                     continue;
 707                 d = cnt[i];
 708                 for (j = 0, k = 0; j < P->NbConstraints; ++j)
 709                     if (rowgroup[j] >= 0 && group[rowgroup[j]] == i) {
 710                         rowgroup[j] = i;
 711                         ++k;
 712                     }
 713             }
 714
 715             M = Matrix_Alloc(k, d+nparam+2);
 716             for (j = 0, k = 0; j < P->NbConstraints; ++j) {
 717                 int l, m;
 718                 if (rowgroup[j] != i)
 719                     continue;
 720                 value_assign(M->p[k][0], P->Constraint[j][0]);
 721                 for (l = 0, m = 0; m < d; ++l) {
 722                     if (group[l] != i)
 723                         continue;
 724                     value_assign(M->p[k][1+m++], H->p[j][l]);
 725                 }
 726                 Vector_Copy(P->Constraint[j]+1+nvar, M->p[k]+1+m, nparam+1);
 727                 ++k;
 728             }
 729             *next = Constraints2Polyhedron(M, NbMaxRays);
 730             next = &(*next)->next;
 731             Matrix_Free(M);
 732         }
 733     }
 734     Matrix_Free(H);
 735     free(pos);
 736     free(group);
 737     free(cnt);
 738     free(rowgroup);
 739     return F;
 740 }
 741
 742 /*
 743  * Project on final dim dimensions
 744  */
 745 Polyhedron* Polyhedron_Project(Polyhedron *P, int dim)
 746 {
 747     int i;
 748     int remove = P->Dimension - dim;
 749     Matrix *T;
 750     Polyhedron *I;
 751
 752     if (P->Dimension == dim)
 753         return Polyhedron_Copy(P);
 754
 755     T = Matrix_Alloc(dim+1, P->Dimension+1);
 756     for (i = 0; i < dim+1; ++i)
 757         value_set_si(T->p[i][i+remove], 1);
 758     I = Polyhedron_Image(P, T, P->NbConstraints);
 759     Matrix_Free(T);
 760     return I;
 761 }
 762
 763 /* Constructs a new constraint that ensures that
 764  * the first constraint is (strictly) smaller than
 765  * the second.
 766  */
 767 static void smaller_constraint(Value *a, Value *b, Value *c, int pos, int shift,
 768                         int len, int strict, Value *tmp)
 769 {
 770     value_oppose(*tmp, b[pos+1]);
 771     value_set_si(c[0], 1);
 772     Vector_Combine(a+1+shift, b+1+shift, c+1, *tmp, a[pos+1], len-shift-1);
 773     if (strict)
 774         value_decrement(c[len-shift-1], c[len-shift-1]);
 775     ConstraintSimplify(c, c, len-shift, tmp);
 776 }
 777
 778 struct section { Polyhedron * D; evalue E; };
 779
 780 evalue * ParamLine_Length_mod(Polyhedron *P, Polyhedron *C, int MaxRays)
 781 {
 782     unsigned dim = P->Dimension;
 783     unsigned nvar = dim - C->Dimension;
 784     int *pos;
 785     int i, j, p, n, z;
 786     struct section *s;
 787     Matrix *M, *M2;
 788     int nd = 0;
 789     int k, l, k2, l2, q;
 790     evalue *L, *U;
 791     evalue *F;
 792     Value g;
 793     Polyhedron *T;
 794     evalue mone;
 795
 796     assert(nvar == 1);
 797
 798     NALLOC(pos, P->NbConstraints);
 799     value_init(g);
 800     value_init(mone.d);
 801     evalue_set_si(&mone, -1, 1);
 802
 803     for (i = 0, z = 0; i < P->NbConstraints; ++i)
 804         if (value_zero_p(P->Constraint[i][1]))
 805             ++z;
 806     /* put those with positive coefficients first; number: p */
 807     for (i = 0, p = 0, n = P->NbConstraints-z-1; i < P->NbConstraints; ++i)
 808         if (value_pos_p(P->Constraint[i][1]))
 809             pos[p++] = i;
 810         else if (value_neg_p(P->Constraint[i][1]))
 811             pos[n--] = i;
 812     n = P->NbConstraints-z-p;
 813     assert (p >= 1 && n >= 1);
 814     s = (struct section *) malloc(p * n * sizeof(struct section));
 815     M = Matrix_Alloc((p-1) + (n-1), dim-nvar+2);
 816     for (k = 0; k < p; ++k) {
 817         for (k2 = 0; k2 < p; ++k2) {
 818             if (k2 == k)
 819                 continue;
 820             q = k2 - (k2 > k);
 821             smaller_constraint(
 822                 P->Constraint[pos[k]],
 823                 P->Constraint[pos[k2]],
 824                 M->p[q], 0, nvar, dim+2, k2 > k, &g);
 825         }
 826         for (l = p; l < p+n; ++l) {
 827             for (l2 = p; l2 < p+n; ++l2) {
 828                 if (l2 == l)
 829                     continue;
 830                 q = l2-1 - (l2 > l);
 831                 smaller_constraint(
 832                     P->Constraint[pos[l2]],
 833                     P->Constraint[pos[l]],
 834                     M->p[q], 0, nvar, dim+2, l2 > l, &g);
 835             }
 836             M2 = Matrix_Copy(M);
 837             T = Constraints2Polyhedron(M2, P->NbRays);
 838             Matrix_Free(M2);
 839             s[nd].D = DomainIntersection(T, C, MaxRays);
 840             Domain_Free(T);
 841             POL_ENSURE_VERTICES(s[nd].D);
 842             if (emptyQ(s[nd].D)) {
 843                 Polyhedron_Free(s[nd].D);
 844                 continue;
 845             }
 846             L = bv_ceil3(P->Constraint[pos[k]]+1+nvar,
 847                       dim-nvar+1,
 848                       P->Constraint[pos[k]][0+1], s[nd].D);
 849             U = bv_ceil3(P->Constraint[pos[l]]+1+nvar,
 850                       dim-nvar+1,
 851                       P->Constraint[pos[l]][0+1], s[nd].D);
 852             eadd(L, U);
 853             eadd(&mone, U);
 854             emul(&mone, U);
 855             s[nd].E = *U;
 856             free_evalue_refs(L);
 857             free(L);
 858             free(U);
 859             ++nd;
 860         }
 861     }
 862
 863     Matrix_Free(M);
 864
 865     F = ALLOC(evalue);
 866     value_init(F->d);
 867     value_set_si(F->d, 0);
 868     F->x.p = new_enode(partition, 2*nd, dim-nvar);
 869     for (k = 0; k < nd; ++k) {
 870         EVALUE_SET_DOMAIN(F->x.p->arr[2*k], s[k].D);
 871         value_clear(F->x.p->arr[2*k+1].d);
 872         F->x.p->arr[2*k+1] = s[k].E;
 873     }
 874     free(s);
 875
 876     free_evalue_refs(&mone);
 877     value_clear(g);
 878     free(pos);
 879
 880     return F;
 881 }
 882
 883 evalue* ParamLine_Length(Polyhedron *P, Polyhedron *C,
 884                          struct barvinok_options *options)
 885 {
 886     evalue* tmp;
 887     tmp = ParamLine_Length_mod(P, C, options->MaxRays);
 888     if (options->lookup_table) {
 889         evalue_mod2table(tmp, C->Dimension);
 890         reduce_evalue(tmp);
 891     }
 892     return tmp;
 893 }
 894
 895 Bool isIdentity(Matrix *M)
 896 {
 897     unsigned i, j;
 898     if (M->NbRows != M->NbColumns)
 899         return False;
 900
 901     for (i = 0;i < M->NbRows; i ++)
 902         for (j = 0; j < M->NbColumns; j ++)
 903             if (i == j) {
 904                 if(value_notone_p(M->p[i][j]))
 905                     return False;
 906             } else {
 907                 if(value_notzero_p(M->p[i][j]))
 908                     return False;
 909             }
 910     return True;
 911 }
 912
 913 void Param_Polyhedron_Print(FILE* DST, Param_Polyhedron *PP, char **param_names)
 914 {
 915   Param_Domain *P;
 916   Param_Vertices *V;
 917
 918   for(P=PP->D;P;P=P->next) {
 919
 920     /* prints current val. dom. */
 921     printf( "---------------------------------------\n" );
 922     printf( "Domain :\n");
 923     Print_Domain( stdout, P->Domain, param_names );
 924
 925     /* scan the vertices */
 926     printf( "Vertices :\n");
 927     FORALL_PVertex_in_ParamPolyhedron(V,P,PP) {
 928
 929       /* prints each vertex */
 930       Print_Vertex( stdout, V->Vertex, param_names );
 931       printf( "\n" );
 932     }
 933     END_FORALL_PVertex_in_ParamPolyhedron;
 934   }
 935 }
 936
 937 void Enumeration_Print(FILE *Dst, Enumeration *en, char **params)
 938 {
 939     for (; en; en = en->next) {
 940         Print_Domain(Dst, en->ValidityDomain, params);
 941         print_evalue(Dst, &en->EP, params);
 942     }
 943 }
 944
 945 void Enumeration_Free(Enumeration *en)
 946 {
 947   Enumeration *ee;
 948
 949   while( en )
 950   {
 951           free_evalue_refs( &(en->EP) );
 952           Domain_Free( en->ValidityDomain );
 953           ee = en ->next;
 954           free( en );
 955           en = ee;
 956   }
 957 }
 958
 959 void Enumeration_mod2table(Enumeration *en, unsigned nparam)
 960 {
 961     for (; en; en = en->next) {
 962         evalue_mod2table(&en->EP, nparam);
 963         reduce_evalue(&en->EP);
 964     }
 965 }
 966
 967 size_t Enumeration_size(Enumeration *en)
 968 {
 969     size_t s = 0;
 970
 971     for (; en; en = en->next) {
 972         s += domain_size(en->ValidityDomain);
 973         s += evalue_size(&en->EP);
 974     }
 975     return s;
 976 }
 977
 978 void Free_ParamNames(char **params, int m)
 979 {
 980     while (--m >= 0)
 981         free(params[m]);
 982     free(params);
 983 }
 984
 985 int DomainIncludes(Polyhedron *Pol1, Polyhedron *Pol2)
 986 {
 987     Polyhedron *P2;
 988     for ( ; Pol1; Pol1 = Pol1->next) {
 989         for (P2 = Pol2; P2; P2 = P2->next)
 990             if (!PolyhedronIncludes(Pol1, P2))
 991                 break;
 992         if (!P2)
 993             return 1;
 994     }
 995     return 0;
 996 }
 997
 998 int line_minmax(Polyhedron *I, Value *min, Value *max)
 999 {
1000     int i;
1001
1002     if (I->NbEq >= 1) {
1003         value_oppose(I->Constraint[0][2], I->Constraint[0][2]);
1004         /* There should never be a remainder here */
1005         if (value_pos_p(I->Constraint[0][1]))
1006             mpz_fdiv_q(*min, I->Constraint[0][2], I->Constraint[0][1]);
1007         else
1008             mpz_fdiv_q(*min, I->Constraint[0][2], I->Constraint[0][1]);
1009         value_assign(*max, *min);
1010     } else for (i = 0; i < I->NbConstraints; ++i) {
1011         if (value_zero_p(I->Constraint[i][1])) {
1012             Polyhedron_Free(I);
1013             return 0;
1014         }
1015
1016         value_oppose(I->Constraint[i][2], I->Constraint[i][2]);
1017         if (value_pos_p(I->Constraint[i][1]))
1018             mpz_cdiv_q(*min, I->Constraint[i][2], I->Constraint[i][1]);
1019         else
1020             mpz_fdiv_q(*max, I->Constraint[i][2], I->Constraint[i][1]);
1021     }
1022     Polyhedron_Free(I);
1023     return 1;
1024 }
1025
1026 /**
1027
1028 PROCEDURES TO COMPUTE ENUMERATION. recursive procedure, recurse for
1029 each imbriquation
1030
1031 @param pos index position of current loop index (1..hdim-1)
1032 @param P loop domain
1033 @param context context values for fixed indices
1034 @param exist    number of existential variables
1035 @return the number of integer points in this
1036 polyhedron
1037
1038 */
1039 void count_points_e (int pos, Polyhedron *P, int exist, int nparam,
1040                      Value *context, Value *res)
1041 {
1042     Value LB, UB, k, c;
1043
1044     if (emptyQ(P)) {
1045         value_set_si(*res, 0);
1046         return;
1047     }
1048
1049     value_init(LB); value_init(UB); value_init(k);
1050     value_set_si(LB,0);
1051     value_set_si(UB,0);
1052
1053     if (lower_upper_bounds(pos,P,context,&LB,&UB) !=0) {
1054         /* Problem if UB or LB is INFINITY */
1055         value_clear(LB); value_clear(UB); value_clear(k);
1056         if (pos > P->Dimension - nparam - exist)
1057             value_set_si(*res, 1);
1058         else
1059             value_set_si(*res, -1);
1060         return;
1061     }
1062
1063 #ifdef EDEBUG1
1064     if (!P->next) {
1065         int i;
1066         for (value_assign(k,LB); value_le(k,UB); value_increment(k,k)) {
1067             fprintf(stderr, "(");
1068             for (i=1; i<pos; i++) {
1069                 value_print(stderr,P_VALUE_FMT,context[i]);
1070                 fprintf(stderr,",");
1071             }
1072             value_print(stderr,P_VALUE_FMT,k);
1073             fprintf(stderr,")\n");
1074         }
1075     }
1076 #endif
1077
1078     value_set_si(context[pos],0);
1079     if (value_lt(UB,LB)) {
1080         value_clear(LB); value_clear(UB); value_clear(k);
1081         value_set_si(*res, 0);
1082         return;
1083     }
1084     if (!P->next) {
1085         if (exist)
1086             value_set_si(*res, 1);
1087         else {
1088             value_subtract(k,UB,LB);
1089             value_add_int(k,k,1);
1090             value_assign(*res, k);
1091         }
1092         value_clear(LB); value_clear(UB); value_clear(k);
1093         return;
1094     }
1095
1096     /*-----------------------------------------------------------------*/
1097     /* Optimization idea                                               */
1098     /*   If inner loops are not a function of k (the current index)    */
1099     /*   i.e. if P->Constraint[i][pos]==0 for all P following this and */
1100     /*        for all i,                                               */
1101     /*   Then CNT = (UB-LB+1)*count_points(pos+1, P->next, context)    */
1102     /*   (skip the for loop)                                           */
1103     /*-----------------------------------------------------------------*/
1104
1105     value_init(c);
1106     value_set_si(*res, 0);
1107     for (value_assign(k,LB);value_le(k,UB);value_increment(k,k)) {
1108         /* Insert k in context */
1109         value_assign(context[pos],k);
1110         count_points_e(pos+1, P->next, exist, nparam, context, &c);
1111         if(value_notmone_p(c))
1112             value_addto(*res, *res, c);
1113         else {
1114             value_set_si(*res, -1);
1115             break;
1116         }
1117         if (pos > P->Dimension - nparam - exist &&
1118                 value_pos_p(*res))
1119             break;
1120     }
1121     value_clear(c);
1122
1123 #ifdef EDEBUG11
1124     fprintf(stderr,"%d\n",CNT);
1125 #endif
1126
1127     /* Reset context */
1128     value_set_si(context[pos],0);
1129     value_clear(LB); value_clear(UB); value_clear(k);
1130     return;
1131 } /* count_points_e */
1132
1133 int DomainContains(Polyhedron *P, Value *list_args, int len,
1134                    unsigned MaxRays, int set)
1135 {
1136     int i;
1137     Value m;
1138
1139     if (P->Dimension == len)
1140         return in_domain(P, list_args);
1141
1142     assert(set); // assume list_args is large enough
1143     assert((P->Dimension - len) % 2 == 0);
1144     value_init(m);
1145     for (i = 0; i < P->Dimension - len; i += 2) {
1146         int j, k;
1147         for (j = 0 ; j < P->NbEq; ++j)
1148             if (value_notzero_p(P->Constraint[j][1+len+i]))
1149                 break;
1150         assert(j < P->NbEq);
1151         value_absolute(m, P->Constraint[j][1+len+i]);
1152         k = First_Non_Zero(P->Constraint[j]+1, len);
1153         assert(k != -1);
1154         assert(First_Non_Zero(P->Constraint[j]+1+k+1, len - k - 1) == -1);
1155         mpz_fdiv_q(list_args[len+i], list_args[k], m);
1156         mpz_fdiv_r(list_args[len+i+1], list_args[k], m);
1157     }
1158     value_clear(m);
1159
1160     return in_domain(P, list_args);
1161 }
1162
1163 Polyhedron *DomainConcat(Polyhedron *head, Polyhedron *tail)
1164 {
1165     Polyhedron *S;
1166     if (!head)
1167         return tail;
1168     for (S = head; S->next; S = S->next)
1169         ;
1170     S->next = tail;
1171     return head;
1172 }
1173
1174 #ifndef HAVE_LEXSMALLER
1175
1176 evalue *barvinok_lexsmaller_ev(Polyhedron *P, Polyhedron *D, unsigned dim,
1177                                Polyhedron *C, unsigned MaxRays)
1178 {
1179     assert(0);
1180 }
1181
1182 #else
1183 #include <polylib/ranking.h>
1184
1185 evalue *barvinok_lexsmaller_ev(Polyhedron *P, Polyhedron *D, unsigned dim,
1186                                Polyhedron *C, unsigned MaxRays)
1187 {
1188     evalue *ranking;
1189     Polyhedron *RC, *RD, *Q;
1190     unsigned nparam = dim + C->Dimension;
1191     unsigned exist;
1192     Polyhedron *CA;
1193
1194     RC = LexSmaller(P, D, dim, C, MaxRays);
1195     RD = RC->next;
1196     RC->next = NULL;
1197
1198     exist = RD->Dimension - nparam - dim;
1199     CA = align_context(RC, RD->Dimension, MaxRays);
1200     Q = DomainIntersection(RD, CA, MaxRays);
1201     Polyhedron_Free(CA);
1202     Domain_Free(RD);
1203     Polyhedron_Free(RC);
1204     RD = Q;
1205
1206     for (Q = RD; Q; Q = Q->next) {
1207         evalue *t;
1208         Polyhedron *next = Q->next;
1209         Q->next = 0;
1210
1211         t = barvinok_enumerate_e(Q, exist, nparam, MaxRays);
1212
1213         if (Q == RD)
1214             ranking = t;
1215         else {
1216             eadd(t, ranking);
1217             free_evalue_refs(t);
1218             free(t);
1219         }
1220
1221         Q->next = next;
1222     }
1223
1224     Domain_Free(RD);
1225
1226     return ranking;
1227 }
1228
1229 Enumeration *barvinok_lexsmaller(Polyhedron *P, Polyhedron *D, unsigned dim,
1230                                  Polyhedron *C, unsigned MaxRays)
1231 {
1232     evalue *EP = barvinok_lexsmaller_ev(P, D, dim, C, MaxRays);
1233
1234     return partition2enumeration(EP);
1235 }
1236 #endif
1237
1238 /* "align" matrix to have nrows by inserting
1239  * the necessary number of rows and an equal number of columns in front
1240  */
1241 Matrix *align_matrix(Matrix *M, int nrows)
1242 {
1243     int i;
1244     int newrows = nrows - M->NbRows;
1245     Matrix *M2 = Matrix_Alloc(nrows, newrows + M->NbColumns);
1246     for (i = 0; i < newrows; ++i)
1247         value_set_si(M2->p[i][i], 1);
1248     for (i = 0; i < M->NbRows; ++i)
1249         Vector_Copy(M->p[i], M2->p[newrows+i]+newrows, M->NbColumns);
1250     return M2;
1251 }
1252
1253 static void print_varlist(FILE *out, int n, char **names)
1254 {
1255     int i;
1256     fprintf(out, "[");
1257     for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
1258         if (i)
1259             fprintf(out, ",");
1260         fprintf(out, "%s", names[i]);
1261     }
1262     fprintf(out, "]");
1263 }
1264
1265 static void print_term(FILE *out, Value v, int pos, int dim, int nparam,
1266                        char **iter_names, char **param_names, int *first)
1267 {
1268     if (value_zero_p(v)) {
1269         if (first && *first && pos >= dim + nparam)
1270             fprintf(out, "0");
1271         return;
1272     }
1273
1274     if (first) {
1275         if (!*first && value_pos_p(v))
1276             fprintf(out, "+");
1277         *first = 0;
1278     }
1279     if (pos < dim + nparam) {
1280         if (value_mone_p(v))
1281             fprintf(out, "-");
1282         else if (!value_one_p(v))
1283             value_print(out, VALUE_FMT, v);
1284         if (pos < dim)
1285             fprintf(out, "%s", iter_names[pos]);
1286         else
1287             fprintf(out, "%s", param_names[pos-dim]);
1288     } else
1289         value_print(out, VALUE_FMT, v);
1290 }
1291
1292 char **util_generate_names(int n, char *prefix)
1293 {
1294     int i;
1295     int len = (prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0) + 10;
1296     char **names = ALLOCN(char*, n);
1297     if (!names) {
1298         fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: memory overflow.\n");
1299         exit(1);
1300     }
1301     for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
1302         names[i] = ALLOCN(char, len);
1303         if (!names[i]) {
1304             fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: memory overflow.\n");
1305             exit(1);
1306         }
1307         if (!prefix)
1308             snprintf(names[i], len, "%d", i);
1309         else
1310             snprintf(names[i], len, "%s%d", prefix, i);
1311     }
1312
1313     return names;
1314 }
1315
1316 void util_free_names(int n, char **names)
1317 {
1318     int i;
1319     for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
1320         free(names[i]);
1321     free(names);
1322 }
1323
1324 void Polyhedron_pprint(FILE *out, Polyhedron *P, int dim, int nparam,
1325                        char **iter_names, char **param_names)
1326 {
1327     int i, j;
1328     Value tmp;
1329
1330     assert(dim + nparam == P->Dimension);
1331
1332     value_init(tmp);
1333
1334     fprintf(out, "{ ");
1335     if (nparam) {
1336         print_varlist(out, nparam, param_names);
1337         fprintf(out, " -> ");
1338     }
1339     print_varlist(out, dim, iter_names);
1340     fprintf(out, " : ");
1341
1342     if (emptyQ2(P))
1343         fprintf(out, "FALSE");
1344     else for (i = 0; i < P->NbConstraints; ++i) {
1345         int first = 1;
1346         int v = First_Non_Zero(P->Constraint[i]+1, P->Dimension);
1347         if (v == -1 && value_pos_p(P->Constraint[i][0]))
1348             continue;
1349         if (i)
1350             fprintf(out, " && ");
1351         if (v == -1 && value_notzero_p(P->Constraint[i][1+P->Dimension]))
1352             fprintf(out, "FALSE");
1353         else if (value_pos_p(P->Constraint[i][v+1])) {
1354             print_term(out, P->Constraint[i][v+1], v, dim, nparam,
1355                        iter_names, param_names, NULL);
1356             if (value_zero_p(P->Constraint[i][0]))
1357                 fprintf(out, " = ");
1358             else
1359                 fprintf(out, " >= ");
1360             for (j = v+1; j <= dim+nparam; ++j) {
1361                 value_oppose(tmp, P->Constraint[i][1+j]);
1362                 print_term(out, tmp, j, dim, nparam,
1363                            iter_names, param_names, &first);
1364             }
1365         } else {
1366             value_oppose(tmp, P->Constraint[i][1+v]);
1367             print_term(out, tmp, v, dim, nparam,
1368                        iter_names, param_names, NULL);
1369             fprintf(out, " <= ");
1370             for (j = v+1; j <= dim+nparam; ++j)
1371                 print_term(out, P->Constraint[i][1+j], j, dim, nparam,
1372                            iter_names, param_names, &first);
1373         }
1374     }
1375
1376     fprintf(out, " }\n");
1377
1378     value_clear(tmp);
1379 }
1380
1381 /* Construct a cone over P with P placed at x_d = 1, with
1382  * x_d the coordinate of an extra dimension
1383  *
1384  * It's probably a mistake to depend so much on the internal
1385  * representation.  We should probably simply compute the
1386  * vertices/facets first.
1387  */
1388 Polyhedron *Cone_over_Polyhedron(Polyhedron *P)
1389 {
1390     unsigned NbConstraints = 0;
1391     unsigned NbRays = 0;
1392     Polyhedron *C;
1393     int i;
1394
1395     if (POL_HAS(P, POL_INEQUALITIES))
1396         NbConstraints = P->NbConstraints + 1;
1397     if (POL_HAS(P, POL_POINTS))
1398         NbRays = P->NbRays + 1;
1399
1400     C = Polyhedron_Alloc(P->Dimension+1, NbConstraints, NbRays);
1401     if (POL_HAS(P, POL_INEQUALITIES)) {
1402         C->NbEq = P->NbEq;
1403         for (i = 0; i < P->NbConstraints; ++i)
1404             Vector_Copy(P->Constraint[i], C->Constraint[i], P->Dimension+2);
1405         /* n >= 0 */
1406         value_set_si(C->Constraint[P->NbConstraints][0], 1);
1407         value_set_si(C->Constraint[P->NbConstraints][1+P->Dimension], 1);
1408     }
1409     if (POL_HAS(P, POL_POINTS)) {
1410         C->NbBid = P->NbBid;
1411         for (i = 0; i < P->NbRays; ++i)
1412             Vector_Copy(P->Ray[i], C->Ray[i], P->Dimension+2);
1413         /* vertex 0 */
1414         value_set_si(C->Ray[P->NbRays][0], 1);
1415         value_set_si(C->Ray[P->NbRays][1+C->Dimension], 1);
1416     }
1417     POL_SET(C, POL_VALID);
1418     if (POL_HAS(P, POL_INEQUALITIES))
1419         POL_SET(C, POL_INEQUALITIES);
1420     if (POL_HAS(P, POL_POINTS))
1421         POL_SET(C, POL_POINTS);
1422     if (POL_HAS(P, POL_VERTICES))
1423         POL_SET(C, POL_VERTICES);
1424     return C;
1425 }
1426
1427 /* Returns a (dim+nparam+1)x((dim-n)+nparam+1) matrix
1428  * mapping the transformed subspace back to the original space.
1429  * n is the number of equalities involving the variables
1430  * (i.e., not purely the parameters).
1431  * The remaining n coordinates in the transformed space would
1432  * have constant (parametric) values and are therefore not
1433  * included in the variables of the new space.
1434  */
1435 Matrix *compress_variables(Matrix *Equalities, unsigned nparam)
1436 {
1437     unsigned dim = (Equalities->NbColumns-2) - nparam;
1438     Matrix *M, *H, *Q, *U, *C, *ratH, *invH, *Ul, *T1, *T2, *T;
1439     Value mone;
1440     int n, i, j;
1441     int ok;
1442
1443     for (n = 0; n < Equalities->NbRows; ++n)
1444         if (First_Non_Zero(Equalities->p[n]+1, dim) == -1)
1445             break;
1446     if (n == 0)
1447         return Identity(dim+nparam+1);
1448     value_init(mone);
1449     value_set_si(mone, -1);
1450     M = Matrix_Alloc(n, dim);
1451     C = Matrix_Alloc(n+1, nparam+1);
1452     for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
1453         Vector_Copy(Equalities->p[i]+1, M->p[i], dim);
1454         Vector_Scale(Equalities->p[i]+1+dim, C->p[i], mone, nparam+1);
1455     }
1456     value_set_si(C->p[n][nparam], 1);
1457     left_hermite(M, &H, &Q, &U);
1458     Matrix_Free(M);
1459     Matrix_Free(Q);
1460     value_clear(mone);
1461
1462     ratH = Matrix_Alloc(n+1, n+1);
1463     invH = Matrix_Alloc(n+1, n+1);
1464     for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
1465         Vector_Copy(H->p[i], ratH->p[i], n);
1466     value_set_si(ratH->p[n][n], 1);
1467     ok = Matrix_Inverse(ratH, invH);
1468     assert(ok);
1469     Matrix_Free(H);
1470     Matrix_Free(ratH);
1471     T1 = Matrix_Alloc(n+1, nparam+1);
1472     Matrix_Product(invH, C, T1);
1473     Matrix_Free(C);
1474     Matrix_Free(invH);
1475     if (value_notone_p(T1->p[n][nparam])) {
1476         for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
1477             if (!mpz_divisible_p(T1->p[i][nparam], T1->p[n][nparam])) {
1478                 Matrix_Free(T1);
1479                 Matrix_Free(U);
1480                 return NULL;
1481             }
1482             /* compress_params should have taken care of this */
1483             for (j = 0; j < nparam; ++j)
1484                 assert(mpz_divisible_p(T1->p[i][j], T1->p[n][nparam]));
1485             Vector_AntiScale(T1->p[i], T1->p[i], T1->p[n][nparam], nparam+1);
1486         }
1487         value_set_si(T1->p[n][nparam], 1);
1488     }
1489     Ul = Matrix_Alloc(dim+1, n+1);
1490     for (i = 0; i < dim; ++i)
1491         Vector_Copy(U->p[i], Ul->p[i], n);
1492     value_set_si(Ul->p[dim][n], 1);
1493     T2 = Matrix_Alloc(dim+1, nparam+1);
1494     Matrix_Product(Ul, T1, T2);
1495     Matrix_Free(Ul);
1496     Matrix_Free(T1);
1497
1498     T = Matrix_Alloc(dim+nparam+1, (dim-n)+nparam+1);
1499     for (i = 0; i < dim; ++i) {
1500         Vector_Copy(U->p[i]+n, T->p[i], dim-n);
1501         Vector_Copy(T2->p[i], T->p[i]+dim-n, nparam+1);
1502     }
1503     for (i = 0; i < nparam+1; ++i)
1504         value_set_si(T->p[dim+i][(dim-n)+i], 1);
1505     assert(value_one_p(T2->p[dim][nparam]));
1506     Matrix_Free(U);
1507     Matrix_Free(T2);
1508
1509     return T;
1510 }
1511
1512 Matrix *left_inverse(Matrix *M, Matrix **Eq)
1513 {
1514     int i, ok;
1515     Matrix *L, *H, *Q, *U, *ratH, *invH, *Ut, *inv;
1516     Vector *t;
1517
1518     if (Eq)
1519         *Eq = NULL;
1520     L = Matrix_Alloc(M->NbRows-1, M->NbColumns-1);
1521     for (i = 0; i < L->NbRows; ++i)
1522         Vector_Copy(M->p[i], L->p[i], L->NbColumns);
1523     right_hermite(L, &H, &U, &Q);
1524     Matrix_Free(L);
1525     Matrix_Free(Q);
1526     t = Vector_Alloc(U->NbColumns);
1527     for (i = 0; i < U->NbColumns; ++i)
1528         value_oppose(t->p[i], M->p[i][M->NbColumns-1]);
1529     if (Eq) {
1530         *Eq = Matrix_Alloc(H->NbRows - H->NbColumns, 2 + U->NbColumns);
1531         for (i = 0; i < H->NbRows - H->NbColumns; ++i) {
1532             Vector_Copy(U->p[H->NbColumns+i], (*Eq)->p[i]+1, U->NbColumns);
1533             Inner_Product(U->p[H->NbColumns+i], t->p, U->NbColumns,
1534                           (*Eq)->p[i]+1+U->NbColumns);
1535         }
1536     }
1537     ratH = Matrix_Alloc(H->NbColumns+1, H->NbColumns+1);
1538     invH = Matrix_Alloc(H->NbColumns+1, H->NbColumns+1);
1539     for (i = 0; i < H->NbColumns; ++i)
1540         Vector_Copy(H->p[i], ratH->p[i], H->NbColumns);
1541     value_set_si(ratH->p[ratH->NbRows-1][ratH->NbColumns-1], 1);
1542     Matrix_Free(H);
1543     ok = Matrix_Inverse(ratH, invH);
1544     assert(ok);
1545     Matrix_Free(ratH);
1546     Ut = Matrix_Alloc(invH->NbRows, U->NbColumns+1);
1547     for (i = 0; i < Ut->NbRows-1; ++i) {
1548         Vector_Copy(U->p[i], Ut->p[i], U->NbColumns);
1549         Inner_Product(U->p[i], t->p, U->NbColumns, &Ut->p[i][Ut->NbColumns-1]);
1550     }
1551     Matrix_Free(U);
1552     Vector_Free(t);
1553     value_set_si(Ut->p[Ut->NbRows-1][Ut->NbColumns-1], 1);
1554     inv = Matrix_Alloc(invH->NbRows, Ut->NbColumns);
1555     Matrix_Product(invH, Ut, inv);
1556     Matrix_Free(Ut);
1557     Matrix_Free(invH);
1558     return inv;
1559 }
1560
1561 /* Check whether all rays are revlex positive in the parameters
1562  */
1563 int Polyhedron_has_revlex_positive_rays(Polyhedron *P, unsigned nparam)
1564 {
1565     int r;
1566     for (r = 0; r < P->NbRays; ++r) {
1567         if (value_notzero_p(P->Ray[r][P->Dimension+1]))
1568             continue;
1569         int i;
1570         for (i = P->Dimension-1; i >= P->Dimension-nparam; --i) {
1571             if (value_neg_p(P->Ray[r][i+1]))
1572                 return 0;
1573             if (value_pos_p(P->Ray[r][i+1]))
1574                 break;
1575         }
1576         /* A ray independent of the parameters */
1577         if (i < P->Dimension-nparam)
1578             return 0;
1579     }
1580     return 1;
1581 }