1 #+TITLE: Functional models of mathematical reasoning
2 #+AUTHOR: Joseph Corneli and Raymond Puzio
3 #+EMAIL: contact@planetmath.org
4 #+DATE: May 27, 2017 for Thursday 1 June, 2017 deadline
5 #+DESCRIPTION: Outline and draft of 12 page paper on math text analysis for FARM workshop at ICFP 2017
6 #+KEYWORDS: arxana, hypertext, inference anchoring theory
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23 Functional Programming has emerged as a mainstream software
24 development paradigm, and its artistic and creative use is booming. A
25 growing number of software toolkits, frameworks and environments for
26 art, music and design now employ functional programming languages and
27 techniques. FARM is a forum for exploration and critical evaluation of
28 these developments, for example to consider potential benefits of
29 greater consistency, tersity, and closer mapping to a problem domain.
31 FARM encourages submissions from across art, craft and design,
32 including textiles, visual art, *music*, 3D sculpture, animation, GUIs,
33 video *games*, 3D printing and architectural models, choreography,
34 *poetry*, and even VLSI layouts, GPU configurations, or
35 *mechanical engineering designs*. *Theoretical foundations*, *language design*,
36 *implementation issues*, and *applications* in industry or the arts are
37 all within the scope of the workshop. The language used need not be
38 purely functional (“mostly functional” is fine), and may be manifested
39 as a domain specific language or tool. Moreover, submissions focusing
40 on questions or issues about the use of functional programming are
46 ** 0.1 CONTEXT OF APPLICATION
47 - modelling mathematical dialogues, people don't just write their things in metamath
48 - people may make different expository choices
49 - mathematical text contains argumentation an narrative in addition to logic and calculations ([[1.2][1.2]])
51 - push to make everything formal (QED, Tarski, LCF) [[1.1][1.1]]
52 - push to make everything understandable (Alexander)
54 - each different user will have a different "way in", depending on their background knowledge ([[3.2][3.2]])
55 - how to get behind the scenes to see why?
56 - how to tailor a given formal content to a given reader?
57 ** 0.4 SOLUTION (STRATEGY)
58 - focus on expressivity
59 - focus on representing process
60 - formalization and efficiency are important, but will be left for later.
62 - objective: understand mathematics as people do it (literary criticism, rhetoric, argumentation)
63 - objective: learn from these methods to build new mathematical texts
64 - build on intuitive diagrams
65 - build on the idea of parsing natural language (complementary to Mohan's work)
66 ** 0.6 RESOLUTION of FORCES
67 - outcome: sharing diagrams with people who can use them
68 - potential: draw new diagrams
69 - philosophical: bridging 'two cultures' (proof checkers and artists/designers/hackers)
71 * 1 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS Informal mathematical language is more general, and the reasoning involved may be abductive, inductive, or heuristic. :RAY:
73 Even though a mathematical result and its proof involve strict logic,
74 the process of formulating, motivating proving and explaining go
75 beyond strict formality. (Pierce, Lautman)
77 ** <<1.1>> 1.1 Examples of actual texts (different registers)
79 *** TODO Pull up examples from real texts.
81 - E.g. Artin's Galois theory book
82 - E.g. Gowers's "Eventually this is something a computer can solve"
84 ** <<1.2>> 1.2 A formal language doesn't do anything with this ("Proofs and Prologues")
86 - (Conclusion from inductive reasoning in 1.1.)
88 * 2 LANGUAGE DESIGN The presentation here will describe a strategy we have been developing for representing mathematical dialogues and other informal texts. :JOE:
90 Since we cannot simply build on formal theorem proving, we need to
91 look further afield for prior work on which to build. (Bundy: choosing
92 representation strategy that fits can make the problem easier to
93 solve; Corneli: here we are looking for representations *of*
94 reasoning, so this gives us a heuristic to guide our search.)
96 ** <<2.1>> 2.1 Gabi's work on IATC
97 ** <<2.2>> 2.2 Lytinen CD
99 * 3 IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES (REQUIREMENTS) :JOE:
101 We've already seen an *abstract* model of social creativity in
102 Lakatos, but when we try to zoom in and look at concrete details, we
103 see further challenges. We know that a `city is not a tree', let's
104 generalise and assert that a proof dialogue is not a tree. This gives
105 us a guiding principle.
107 ** <<3.1>> 3.1 Let's look at one of our illustrations: it's a graph, no it's a hypergraph!
109 ** <<3.2>> 3.2 Reason as a social thing (Minsky, Sperber & Mercier, Gowers 'quantum of progress' from Polymath)
111 ** <<3.3>> 3.3 Lakatos stuff: How is this different from what we're doing?
113 * 4 APPLICATIONS Our latest efforts produce more detailed models of mathematical arguments. :JOE:
115 We need to model what's there and how it evolves, noting that evolution is heuristic
117 ** <<4.1>> 4.1 Kinematics (IATC+CD)
118 ** <<4.2>> 4.2 Dynamics (Lytinen's stuff with goals and scripts)
120 * 5 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGNS A graphical formalism and a corresponding prototype implementation will be described. :RAY:
122 ** <<5.1>> 5.1 Import and improve technical stuff on Arxana (cf. Nemas doc)
123 ** <<5.2>> 5.2 Example
125 * 6 RELATED WORK (GAMES, POETRY): parallels between dialogues and discursive Q&A, traditional proofs. :JOE:
127 How does this look in a broader context?
129 ** <<6.1>> 6.1 prior art: board games, story stuff; table that compares between.
130 ** <<6.2>> 6.2 Alexander: "a city is not a tree"; compare Lamport
134 * 7 PART TWO In our planned next steps we plan to bring in explicit type-theoretic representations of mathematical objects within a service-oriented architecture. :onhold:
136 ** <<7.1>> 7.1 There is a degree of formality in the specifications, but also informality in the heuristics.
138 * 8 MOB PROGRAMMING :onhold:
143 * 9 RELATED WORK music from corneli, pease, stefanou survey ("Chapter 6"); NNexus project; Socratic :onhold:
148 * 10 CONCLUSION :onhold: