6 git-rev-parse - Pick out and massage parameters
11 'git-rev-parse' [ --option ] <args>...
16 Many git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
17 (i.e. parameters that begin with a dash '-') and parameters
18 meant for underlying `git-rev-list` command they use internally
19 and flags and parameters for other commands they use as the
20 downstream of `git-rev-list`. This command is used to
21 distinguish between them.
27 Use `git-rev-parse` in option parsing mode (see PARSEOPT section below).
30 Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Tells the option parser to echo
31 out the first `--` met instead of skipping it.
34 Do not output flags and parameters not meant for
35 `git-rev-list` command.
38 Do not output flags and parameters meant for
39 `git-rev-list` command.
42 Do not output non-flag parameters.
45 Do not output flag parameters.
48 If there is no parameter given by the user, use `<arg>`
52 The parameter given must be usable as a single, valid
53 object name. Otherwise barf and abort.
56 Usually the output is made one line per flag and
57 parameter. This option makes output a single line,
58 properly quoted for consumption by shell. Useful when
59 you expect your parameter to contain whitespaces and
60 newlines (e.g. when using pickaxe `-S` with
64 When showing object names, prefix them with '{caret}' and
65 strip '{caret}' prefix from the object names that already have
69 Usually the object names are output in SHA1 form (with
70 possible '{caret}' prefix); this option makes them output in a
71 form as close to the original input as possible.
73 --symbolic-full-name::
74 This is similar to \--symbolic, but it omits input that
75 are not refs (i.e. branch or tag names; or more
76 explicitly disambiguating "heads/master" form, when you
77 want to name the "master" branch when there is an
78 unfortunately named tag "master"), and show them as full
79 refnames (e.g. "refs/heads/master").
82 Show all refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs`.
85 Show branch refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads`.
88 Show tag refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags`.
91 Show tag refs found in `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes`.
94 When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
95 path of the current directory relative to the top-level
99 When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
100 path of the top-level directory relative to the current
101 directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).
104 Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined else show the path to the .git directory.
106 --is-inside-git-dir::
107 When the current working directory is below the repository
108 directory print "true", otherwise "false".
110 --is-inside-work-tree::
111 When the current working directory is inside the work tree of the
112 repository print "true", otherwise "false".
114 --is-bare-repository::
115 When the repository is bare print "true", otherwise "false".
117 --short, --short=number::
118 Instead of outputting the full SHA1 values of object names try to
119 abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified
120 7 is used. The minimum length is 4.
122 --since=datestring, --after=datestring::
123 Parses the date string, and outputs corresponding
124 --max-age= parameter for git-rev-list command.
126 --until=datestring, --before=datestring::
127 Parses the date string, and outputs corresponding
128 --min-age= parameter for git-rev-list command.
131 Flags and parameters to be parsed.
137 A revision parameter typically, but not necessarily, names a
138 commit object. They use what is called an 'extended SHA1'
139 syntax. Here are various ways to spell object names. The
140 ones listed near the end of this list are to name trees and
141 blobs contained in a commit.
143 * The full SHA1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
144 a substring of such that is unique within the repository.
145 E.g. dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735 and dae86e both
146 name the same commit object if there are no other object in
147 your repository whose object name starts with dae86e.
149 * An output from `git-describe`; i.e. a closest tag, followed by a
150 dash, a `g`, and an abbreviated object name.
152 * A symbolic ref name. E.g. 'master' typically means the commit
153 object referenced by $GIT_DIR/refs/heads/master. If you
154 happen to have both heads/master and tags/master, you can
155 explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean.
156 When ambiguous, a `<name>` is disambiguated by taking the
157 first match in the following rules:
159 . if `$GIT_DIR/<name>` exists, that is what you mean (this is usually
160 useful only for `HEAD`, `FETCH_HEAD` and `MERGE_HEAD`);
162 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/<name>` if exists;
164 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<name>` if exists;
166 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<name>` if exists;
168 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/<name>` if exists;
170 . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` if exists.
172 * A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification
174 pair (e.g. '\{yesterday\}', '\{1 month 2 weeks 3 days 1 hour 1
175 second ago\}' or '\{1979-02-26 18:30:00\}') to specify the value
176 of the ref at a prior point in time. This suffix may only be
177 used immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an
178 existing log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>).
180 * A ref followed by the suffix '@' with an ordinal specification
181 enclosed in a brace pair (e.g. '\{1\}', '\{15\}') to specify
182 the n-th prior value of that ref. For example 'master@\{1\}'
183 is the immediate prior value of 'master' while 'master@\{5\}'
184 is the 5th prior value of 'master'. This suffix may only be used
185 immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an existing
186 log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>).
188 * You can use the '@' construct with an empty ref part to get at a
189 reflog of the current branch. For example, if you are on the
190 branch 'blabla', then '@\{1\}' means the same as 'blabla@\{1\}'.
192 * A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter means the first parent of
193 that commit object. '{caret}<n>' means the <n>th parent (i.e.
195 is equivalent to 'rev{caret}1'). As a special rule,
196 'rev{caret}0' means the commit itself and is used when 'rev' is the
197 object name of a tag object that refers to a commit object.
199 * A suffix '{tilde}<n>' to a revision parameter means the commit
200 object that is the <n>th generation grand-parent of the named
201 commit object, following only the first parent. I.e. rev~3 is
202 equivalent to rev{caret}{caret}{caret} which is equivalent to
203 rev{caret}1{caret}1{caret}1. See below for a illustration of
204 the usage of this form.
206 * A suffix '{caret}' followed by an object type name enclosed in
207 brace pair (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}`) means the object
208 could be a tag, and dereference the tag recursively until an
209 object of that type is found or the object cannot be
210 dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf). `rev{caret}0`
211 introduced earlier is a short-hand for `rev{caret}\{commit\}`.
213 * A suffix '{caret}' followed by an empty brace pair
214 (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{\}`) means the object could be a tag,
215 and dereference the tag recursively until a non-tag object is
218 * A colon, followed by a slash, followed by a text: this names
219 a commit whose commit message starts with the specified text.
220 This name returns the youngest matching commit which is
221 reachable from any ref. If the commit message starts with a
222 '!', you have to repeat that; the special sequence ':/!',
223 followed by something else than '!' is reserved for now.
225 * A suffix ':' followed by a path; this names the blob or tree
226 at the given path in the tree-ish object named by the part
229 * A colon, optionally followed by a stage number (0 to 3) and a
230 colon, followed by a path; this names a blob object in the
231 index at the given path. Missing stage number (and the colon
232 that follows it) names a stage 0 entry. During a merge, stage
233 1 is the common ancestor, stage 2 is the target branch's version
234 (typically the current branch), and stage 3 is the version from
235 the branch being merged.
237 Here is an illustration, by Jon Loeliger. Both commit nodes B
238 and C are parents of commit node A. Parent commits are ordered
255 D = A^^ = A^1^1 = A~2
258 G = A^^^ = A^1^1^1 = A~3
259 H = D^2 = B^^2 = A^^^2 = A~2^2
260 I = F^ = B^3^ = A^^3^
261 J = F^2 = B^3^2 = A^^3^2
267 History traversing commands such as `git-log` operate on a set
268 of commits, not just a single commit. To these commands,
269 specifying a single revision with the notation described in the
270 previous section means the set of commits reachable from that
271 commit, following the commit ancestry chain.
273 To exclude commits reachable from a commit, a prefix `{caret}`
274 notation is used. E.g. "`{caret}r1 r2`" means commits reachable
275 from `r2` but exclude the ones reachable from `r1`.
277 This set operation appears so often that there is a shorthand
278 for it. "`r1..r2`" is equivalent to "`{caret}r1 r2`". It is
279 the difference of two sets (subtract the set of commits
280 reachable from `r1` from the set of commits reachable from
283 A similar notation "`r1\...r2`" is called symmetric difference
284 of `r1` and `r2` and is defined as
285 "`r1 r2 --not $(git-merge-base --all r1 r2)`".
286 It is the set of commits that are reachable from either one of
287 `r1` or `r2` but not from both.
289 Two other shorthands for naming a set that is formed by a commit
290 and its parent commits exists. `r1{caret}@` notation means all
291 parents of `r1`. `r1{caret}!` includes commit `r1` but excludes
294 Here are a handful of examples:
308 In `--parseopt` mode, `git-rev-parse` helps massaging options to bring to shell
309 scripts the same facilities C builtins have. It works as an option normalizer
310 (e.g. splits single switches aggregate values), a bit like `getopt(1)` does.
312 It takes on the standard input the specification of the options to parse and
313 understand, and echoes on the standard output a line suitable for `sh(1)` `eval`
314 to replace the arguments with normalized ones. In case of error, it outputs
315 usage on the standard error stream, and exits with code 129.
320 `git-rev-parse --parseopt` input format is fully text based. It has two parts,
321 separated by a line that contains only `--`. The lines before the separator
322 (should be more than one) are used for the usage.
323 The lines after the separator describe the options.
325 Each line of options has this format:
328 <opt_spec><flags>* SP+ help LF
332 its format is the short option character, then the long option name
333 separated by a comma. Both parts are not required, though at least one
334 is necessary. `h,help`, `dry-run` and `f` are all three correct
338 `<flags>` are of `*`, `=`, `?` or `!`.
339 * Use `=` if the option takes an argument.
341 * Use `?` to mean that the option is optional (though its use is discouraged).
343 * Use `*` to mean that this option should not be listed in the usage
344 generated for the `-h` argument. It's shown for `--help-all` as
345 documented in linkgit:gitcli[5].
347 * Use `!` to not make the corresponding negated long option available.
349 The remainder of the line, after stripping the spaces, is used
350 as the help associated to the option.
352 Blank lines are ignored, and lines that don't match this specification are used
353 as option group headers (start the line with a space to create such
361 some-command [options] <args>...
363 some-command does foo and bar!
367 foo some nifty option --foo
368 bar= some cool option --bar with an argument
370 An option group Header
371 C? option C with an optional argument"
373 eval `echo "$OPTS_SPEC" | git-rev-parse --parseopt -- "$@" || echo exit $?`
379 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> .
380 Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> and Pierre Habouzit <madcoder@debian.org>
384 Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
388 Part of the linkgit:git[7] suite