6 git-cat-file - Provide content or type and size information for repository objects
12 'git cat-file' (-t [--allow-unknown-type]| -s [--allow-unknown-type]| -e | -p | <type> | --textconv ) <object>
13 'git cat-file' (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks] < <list-of-objects>
17 In its first form, the command provides the content or the type of an object in
18 the repository. The type is required unless '-t' or '-p' is used to find the
19 object type, or '-s' is used to find the object size, or '--textconv' is used
20 (which implies type "blob").
22 In the second form, a list of objects (separated by linefeeds) is provided on
23 stdin, and the SHA-1, type, and size of each object is printed on stdout.
28 The name of the object to show.
29 For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
30 the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
33 Instead of the content, show the object type identified by
37 Instead of the content, show the object size identified by
41 Suppress all output; instead exit with zero status if <object>
42 exists and is a valid object.
45 Pretty-print the contents of <object> based on its type.
48 Typically this matches the real type of <object> but asking
49 for a type that can trivially be dereferenced from the given
50 <object> is also permitted. An example is to ask for a
51 "tree" with <object> being a commit object that contains it,
52 or to ask for a "blob" with <object> being a tag object that
56 Show the content as transformed by a textconv filter. In this case,
57 <object> has be of the form <tree-ish>:<path>, or :<path> in order
58 to apply the filter to the content recorded in the index at <path>.
62 Print object information and contents for each object provided
63 on stdin. May not be combined with any other options or arguments.
64 See the section `BATCH OUTPUT` below for details.
67 --batch-check=<format>::
68 Print object information for each object provided on stdin. May
69 not be combined with any other options or arguments. See the
70 section `BATCH OUTPUT` below for details.
73 Instead of reading a list of objects on stdin, perform the
74 requested batch operation on all objects in the repository and
75 any alternate object stores (not just reachable objects).
76 Requires `--batch` or `--batch-check` be specified. Note that
77 the objects are visited in order sorted by their hashes.
80 Normally batch output is flushed after each object is output, so
81 that a process can interactively read and write from
82 `cat-file`. With this option, the output uses normal stdio
83 buffering; this is much more efficient when invoking
84 `--batch-check` on a large number of objects.
86 --allow-unknown-type::
87 Allow -s or -t to query broken/corrupt objects of unknown type.
90 With --batch or --batch-check, follow symlinks inside the
91 repository when requesting objects with extended SHA-1
92 expressions of the form tree-ish:path-in-tree. Instead of
93 providing output about the link itself, provide output about
94 the linked-to object. If a symlink points outside the
95 tree-ish (e.g. a link to /foo or a root-level link to ../foo),
96 the portion of the link which is outside the tree will be
99 This option does not (currently) work correctly when an object in the
100 index is specified (e.g. `:link` instead of `HEAD:link`) rather than
103 This option cannot (currently) be used unless `--batch` or
104 `--batch-check` is used.
106 For example, consider a git repository containing:
109 f: a file containing "hello\n"
111 dir/link: a symlink to ../f
112 plink: a symlink to ../f
113 alink: a symlink to /etc/passwd
116 For a regular file `f`, `echo HEAD:f | git cat-file --batch` would print
119 ce013625030ba8dba906f756967f9e9ca394464a blob 6
122 And `echo HEAD:link | git cat-file --batch --follow-symlinks` would
123 print the same thing, as would `HEAD:dir/link`, as they both point at
126 Without `--follow-symlinks`, these would print data about the symlink
127 itself. In the case of `HEAD:link`, you would see
130 4d1ae35ba2c8ec712fa2a379db44ad639ca277bd blob 1
133 Both `plink` and `alink` point outside the tree, so they would
147 If '-t' is specified, one of the <type>.
149 If '-s' is specified, the size of the <object> in bytes.
151 If '-e' is specified, no output.
153 If '-p' is specified, the contents of <object> are pretty-printed.
155 If <type> is specified, the raw (though uncompressed) contents of the <object>
161 If `--batch` or `--batch-check` is given, `cat-file` will read objects
162 from stdin, one per line, and print information about them. By default,
163 the whole line is considered as an object, as if it were fed to
164 linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
166 You can specify the information shown for each object by using a custom
167 `<format>`. The `<format>` is copied literally to stdout for each
168 object, with placeholders of the form `%(atom)` expanded, followed by a
169 newline. The available atoms are:
172 The 40-hex object name of the object.
175 The type of of the object (the same as `cat-file -t` reports).
178 The size, in bytes, of the object (the same as `cat-file -s`
182 The size, in bytes, that the object takes up on disk. See the
183 note about on-disk sizes in the `CAVEATS` section below.
186 If the object is stored as a delta on-disk, this expands to the
187 40-hex sha1 of the delta base object. Otherwise, expands to the
188 null sha1 (40 zeroes). See `CAVEATS` below.
191 If this atom is used in the output string, input lines are split
192 at the first whitespace boundary. All characters before that
193 whitespace are considered to be the object name; characters
194 after that first run of whitespace (i.e., the "rest" of the
195 line) are output in place of the `%(rest)` atom.
197 If no format is specified, the default format is `%(objectname)
198 %(objecttype) %(objectsize)`.
200 If `--batch` is specified, the object information is followed by the
201 object contents (consisting of `%(objectsize)` bytes), followed by a
204 For example, `--batch` without a custom format would produce:
207 <sha1> SP <type> SP <size> LF
211 Whereas `--batch-check='%(objectname) %(objecttype)'` would produce:
217 If a name is specified on stdin that cannot be resolved to an object in
218 the repository, then `cat-file` will ignore any custom format and print:
221 <object> SP missing LF
224 If --follow-symlinks is used, and a symlink in the repository points
225 outside the repository, then `cat-file` will ignore any custom format
233 The symlink will either be absolute (beginning with a /), or relative
234 to the tree root. For instance, if dir/link points to ../../foo, then
235 <symlink> will be ../foo. <size> is the size of the symlink in bytes.
237 If --follow-symlinks is used, the following error messages will be
241 <object> SP missing LF
243 is printed when the initial symlink requested does not exist.
246 dangling SP <size> LF
249 is printed when the initial symlink exists, but something that
250 it (transitive-of) points to does not.
256 is printed for symlink loops (or any symlinks that
257 require more than 40 link resolutions to resolve).
263 is printed when, during symlink resolution, a file is used as a
269 Note that the sizes of objects on disk are reported accurately, but care
270 should be taken in drawing conclusions about which refs or objects are
271 responsible for disk usage. The size of a packed non-delta object may be
272 much larger than the size of objects which delta against it, but the
273 choice of which object is the base and which is the delta is arbitrary
274 and is subject to change during a repack.
276 Note also that multiple copies of an object may be present in the object
277 database; in this case, it is undefined which copy's size or delta base
282 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite