6 gitformat-chunk - Chunk-based file formats
11 Used by linkgit:gitformat-commit-graph[5] and the "MIDX" format (see
12 the pack format documentation in linkgit:gitformat-pack[5]).
17 Some file formats in Git use a common concept of "chunks" to describe
18 sections of the file. This allows structured access to a large file by
19 scanning a small "table of contents" for the remaining data. This common
20 format is used by the `commit-graph` and `multi-pack-index` files. See
21 the `multi-pack-index` format in linkgit:gitformat-pack[5] and
22 the `commit-graph` format in linkgit:gitformat-commit-graph[5] for
23 how they use the chunks to describe structured data.
25 A chunk-based file format begins with some header information custom to
26 that format. That header should include enough information to identify
27 the file type, format version, and number of chunks in the file. From this
28 information, that file can determine the start of the chunk-based region.
30 The chunk-based region starts with a table of contents describing where
31 each chunk starts and ends. This consists of (C+1) rows of 12 bytes each,
32 where C is the number of chunks. Consider the following table:
34 | Chunk ID (4 bytes) | Chunk Offset (8 bytes) |
35 |--------------------|------------------------|
39 | 0x0000 | OFFSET[C+1] |
41 Each row consists of a 4-byte chunk identifier (ID) and an 8-byte offset.
42 Each integer is stored in network-byte order.
44 The chunk identifier `ID[i]` is a label for the data stored within this
45 file from `OFFSET[i]` (inclusive) to `OFFSET[i+1]` (exclusive). Thus, the
46 size of the `i`th chunk is equal to the difference between `OFFSET[i+1]`
47 and `OFFSET[i]`. This requires that the chunk data appears contiguously
48 in the same order as the table of contents.
50 The final entry in the table of contents must be four zero bytes. This
51 confirms that the table of contents is ending and provides the offset for
52 the end of the chunk-based data.
54 Note: The chunk-based format expects that the file contains _at least_ a
55 trailing hash after `OFFSET[C+1]`.
57 Functions for working with chunk-based file formats are declared in
58 `chunk-format.h`. Using these methods provide extra checks that assist
59 developers when creating new file formats.
61 Writing chunk-based file formats
62 --------------------------------
64 To write a chunk-based file format, create a `struct chunkfile` by
65 calling `init_chunkfile()` and pass a `struct hashfile` pointer. The
66 caller is responsible for opening the `hashfile` and writing header
67 information so the file format is identifiable before the chunk-based
70 Then, call `add_chunk()` for each chunk that is intended for writing. This
71 populates the `chunkfile` with information about the order and size of
72 each chunk to write. Provide a `chunk_write_fn` function pointer to
73 perform the write of the chunk data upon request.
75 Call `write_chunkfile()` to write the table of contents to the `hashfile`
76 followed by each of the chunks. This will verify that each chunk wrote
77 the expected amount of data so the table of contents is correct.
79 Finally, call `free_chunkfile()` to clear the `struct chunkfile` data. The
80 caller is responsible for finalizing the `hashfile` by writing the trailing
81 hash and closing the file.
83 Reading chunk-based file formats
84 --------------------------------
86 To read a chunk-based file format, the file must be opened as a
87 memory-mapped region. The chunk-format API expects that the entire file
88 is mapped as a contiguous memory region.
90 Initialize a `struct chunkfile` pointer with `init_chunkfile(NULL)`.
92 After reading the header information from the beginning of the file,
93 including the chunk count, call `read_table_of_contents()` to populate
94 the `struct chunkfile` with the list of chunks, their offsets, and their
97 Extract the data information for each chunk using `pair_chunk()` or
100 * `pair_chunk()` assigns a given pointer with the location inside the
101 memory-mapped file corresponding to that chunk's offset. If the chunk
102 does not exist, then the pointer is not modified.
104 * `read_chunk()` takes a `chunk_read_fn` function pointer and calls it
105 with the appropriate initial pointer and size information. The function
106 is not called if the chunk does not exist. Use this method to read chunks
107 if you need to perform immediate parsing or if you need to execute logic
108 based on the size of the chunk.
110 After calling these methods, call `free_chunkfile()` to clear the
111 `struct chunkfile` data. This will not close the memory-mapped region.
112 Callers are expected to own that data for the timeframe the pointers into
113 the region are needed.
118 These file formats use the chunk-format API, and can be used as examples
121 * *commit-graph:* see `write_commit_graph_file()` and `parse_commit_graph()`
122 in `commit-graph.c` for how the chunk-format API is used to write and
123 parse the commit-graph file format documented in
124 the commit-graph file format in linkgit:gitformat-commit-graph[5].
126 * *multi-pack-index:* see `write_midx_internal()` and `load_multi_pack_index()`
127 in `midx.c` for how the chunk-format API is used to write and
128 parse the multi-pack-index file format documented in
129 the multi-pack-index file format section of linkgit:gitformat-pack[5].
133 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite