6 git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a single Subversion branch and git
10 'git-svn' <command> [options] [arguments]
14 git-svn is a simple conduit for changesets between Subversion and git.
15 It is not to be confused with gitlink:git-svnimport[1], which is
18 git-svn was originally designed for an individual developer who wants a
19 bidirectional flow of changesets between a single branch in Subversion
20 and an arbitrary number of branches in git. Since its inception,
21 git-svn has gained the ability to track multiple branches in a manner
22 similar to git-svnimport.
24 git-svn is especially useful when it comes to tracking repositories
25 not organized in the way Subversion developers recommend (trunk,
26 branches, tags directories).
33 Initializes an empty git repository with additional
34 metadata directories for git-svn. The Subversion URL
35 may be specified as a command-line argument, or as full
36 URL arguments to -T/-t/-b. Optionally, the target
37 directory to operate on can be specified as a second
38 argument. Normally this command initializes the current
42 --trunk=<trunk_subdir>::
44 --tags=<tags_subdir>::
46 --branches=<branches_subdir>::
47 These are optional command-line options for init. Each of
48 these flags can point to a relative repository path
49 (--tags=project/tags') or a full url
50 (--tags=https://foo.org/project/tags)
53 This allows one to specify a prefix which is prepended
54 to the names of remotes if trunk/branches/tags are
55 specified. The prefix does not automatically include a
56 trailing slash, so be sure you include one in the
57 argument if that is what you want. This is useful if
58 you wish to track multiple projects that share a common
63 Fetch unfetched revisions from the Subversion remote we are
64 tracking. The name of the [svn-remote "..."] section in the
65 .git/config file may be specified as an optional command-line
69 Runs 'init' and 'fetch'. It will automatically create a
70 directory based on the basename of the URL passed to it;
71 or if a second argument is passed; it will create a directory
72 and work within that. It accepts all arguments that the
73 'init' and 'fetch' commands accept; with the exception of
74 '--fetch-all'. After a repository is cloned, the 'fetch'
75 command will be able to update revisions without affecting
76 the working tree; and the 'rebase' command will be able
77 to update the working tree with the latest changes.
80 This fetches revisions from the SVN parent of the current HEAD
81 and rebases the current (uncommitted to SVN) work against it.
83 This works similarly to 'svn update' or 'git-pull' except that
84 it preserves linear history with 'git-rebase' instead of
85 'git-merge' for ease of dcommit-ing with git-svn.
87 This accepts all options that 'git-svn fetch' and 'git-rebase'
88 accepts. However '--fetch-all' only fetches from the current
89 [svn-remote], and not all [svn-remote] definitions.
91 Like 'git-rebase'; this requires that the working tree be clean
92 and have no uncommitted changes.
95 Commit each diff from a specified head directly to the SVN
96 repository, and then rebase or reset (depending on whether or
97 not there is a diff between SVN and head). This will create
98 a revision in SVN for each commit in git.
99 It is recommended that you run git-svn fetch and rebase (not
100 pull or merge) your commits against the latest changes in the
102 An optional command-line argument may be specified as an
104 This is advantageous over 'set-tree' (below) because it produces
105 cleaner, more linear history.
108 This should make it easy to look up svn log messages when svn
109 users refer to -r/--revision numbers.
111 The following features from `svn log' are supported:
113 --revision=<n>[:<n>] - is supported, non-numeric args are not:
114 HEAD, NEXT, BASE, PREV, etc ...
115 -v/--verbose - it's not completely compatible with
116 the --verbose output in svn log, but
118 --limit=<n> - is NOT the same as --max-count,
119 doesn't count merged/excluded commits
120 --incremental - supported
124 --show-commit - shows the git commit sha1, as well
125 --oneline - our version of --pretty=oneline
127 Any other arguments are passed directly to `git log'
130 You should consider using 'dcommit' instead of this command.
131 Commit specified commit or tree objects to SVN. This relies on
132 your imported fetch data being up-to-date. This makes
133 absolutely no attempts to do patching when committing to SVN, it
134 simply overwrites files with those specified in the tree or
135 commit. All merging is assumed to have taken place
136 independently of git-svn functions.
139 Recursively finds and lists the svn:ignore property on
140 directories. The output is suitable for appending to
141 the $GIT_DIR/info/exclude file.
144 Commits the diff of two tree-ish arguments from the
145 command-line. This command is intended for interoperability with
146 git-svnimport and does not rely on being inside an git-svn
147 init-ed repository. This command takes three arguments, (a) the
148 original tree to diff against, (b) the new tree result, (c) the
149 URL of the target Subversion repository. The final argument
150 (URL) may be omitted if you are working from a git-svn-aware
151 repository (that has been init-ed with git-svn).
152 The -r<revision> option is required for this.
160 --shared[={false|true|umask|group|all|world|everybody}]::
161 --template=<template_directory>::
162 Only used with the 'init' command.
163 These are passed directly to gitlink:git-init[1].
168 Used with the 'fetch' command.
170 This allows revision ranges for partial/cauterized history
171 to be supported. $NUMBER, $NUMBER1:$NUMBER2 (numeric ranges),
172 $NUMBER:HEAD, and BASE:$NUMBER are all supported.
174 This can allow you to make partial mirrors when running fetch;
175 but is generally not recommended because history will be skipped
181 Only used with the 'set-tree' command.
183 Read a list of commits from stdin and commit them in reverse
184 order. Only the leading sha1 is read from each line, so
185 git-rev-list --pretty=oneline output can be used.
189 Only used with the 'dcommit', 'set-tree' and 'commit-diff' commands.
191 Remove directories from the SVN tree if there are no files left
192 behind. SVN can version empty directories, and they are not
193 removed by default if there are no files left in them. git
194 cannot version empty directories. Enabling this flag will make
195 the commit to SVN act like git.
197 config key: svn.rmdir
202 Only used with the 'dcommit', 'set-tree' and 'commit-diff' commands.
204 Edit the commit message before committing to SVN. This is off by
205 default for objects that are commits, and forced on when committing
211 --find-copies-harder::
213 Only used with the 'dcommit', 'set-tree' and 'commit-diff' commands.
215 They are both passed directly to git-diff-tree see
216 gitlink:git-diff-tree[1] for more information.
220 config key: svn.findcopiesharder
223 --authors-file=<filename>::
225 Syntax is compatible with the files used by git-svnimport and
228 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
229 loginname = Joe User <user@example.com>
230 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
232 If this option is specified and git-svn encounters an SVN
233 committer name that does not exist in the authors-file, git-svn
234 will abort operation. The user will then have to add the
235 appropriate entry. Re-running the previous git-svn command
236 after the authors-file is modified should continue operation.
238 config key: svn.authorsfile
242 Make git-svn less verbose.
245 --repack-flags=<flags>
246 These should help keep disk usage sane for large fetches
249 --repack takes an optional argument for the number of revisions
250 to fetch before repacking. This defaults to repacking every
251 1000 commits fetched if no argument is specified.
253 --repack-flags are passed directly to gitlink:git-repack[1].
255 config key: svn.repack
256 config key: svn.repackflags
261 --strategy=<strategy>::
263 These are only used with the 'dcommit' and 'rebase' commands.
265 Passed directly to git-rebase when using 'dcommit' if a
266 'git-reset' cannot be used (see dcommit).
271 This is only used with the 'dcommit' command.
273 Print out the series of git arguments that would show
274 which diffs would be committed to SVN.
285 This sets GIT_SVN_ID (instead of using the environment). This
286 allows the user to override the default refname to fetch from
287 when tracking a single URL. The 'log' and 'dcommit' commands
288 no longer require this switch as an argument.
291 --svn-remote <remote name>::
292 Specify the [svn-remote "<remote name>"] section to use,
293 this allows SVN multiple repositories to be tracked.
297 This is especially helpful when we're tracking a directory
298 that has been moved around within the repository, or if we
299 started tracking a branch and never tracked the trunk it was
300 descended from. This feature is enabled by default, use
301 --no-follow-parent to disable it.
303 config key: svn.followparent
306 CONFIG FILE-ONLY OPTIONS
307 ------------------------
311 svn-remote.<name>.noMetadata:
312 This gets rid of the git-svn-id: lines at the end of every commit.
314 If you lose your .git/svn/git-svn/.rev_db file, git-svn will not
315 be able to rebuild it and you won't be able to fetch again,
316 either. This is fine for one-shot imports.
318 The 'git-svn log' command will not work on repositories using
319 this, either. Using this conflicts with the 'useSvmProps'
320 option for (hopefully) obvious reasons.
323 svn-remote.<name>.useSvmProps:
324 This allows git-svn to re-map repository URLs and UUIDs from
325 mirrors created using SVN::Mirror (or svk) for metadata.
327 If an SVN revision has a property, "svm:headrev", it is likely
328 that the revision was created by SVN::Mirror (also used by SVK).
329 The property contains a repository UUID and a revision. We want
330 to make it look like we are mirroring the original URL, so
331 introduce a helper function that returns the original identity
332 URL and UUID, and use it when generating metadata in commit
336 svn-remote.<name>.useSvnsyncprops:
337 Similar to the useSvmProps option; this is for users
338 of the svnsync(1) command distributed with SVN 1.4.x and
341 svn-remote.<name>.rewriteRoot
342 This allows users to create repositories from alternate
343 URLs. For example, an administrator could run git-svn on the
344 server locally (accessing via file://) but wish to distribute
345 the repository with a public http:// or svn:// URL in the
346 metadata so users of it will see the public URL.
349 Since the noMetadata, rewriteRoot, useSvnsyncProps and useSvmProps
350 options all affect the metadata generated and used by git-svn; they
351 *must* be set in the configuration file before any history is imported
352 and these settings should never be changed once they are set.
354 Additionally, only one of these four options can be used per-svn-remote
355 section because they affect the 'git-svn-id:' metadata line.
362 Tracking and contributing to a the trunk of a Subversion-managed project:
364 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
365 # Clone a repo (like git clone):
366 git-svn clone http://svn.foo.org/project/trunk
367 # Enter the newly cloned directory:
369 # You should be on master branch, double-check with git-branch
371 # Do some work and commit locally to git:
373 # Something is committed to SVN, rebase your local changes against the
374 # latest changes in SVN:
376 # Now commit your changes (that were committed previously using git) to SVN,
377 # as well as automatically updating your working HEAD:
379 # Append svn:ignore settings to the default git exclude file:
380 git-svn show-ignore >> .git/info/exclude
381 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
383 Tracking and contributing to an entire Subversion-managed project
384 (complete with a trunk, tags and branches):
386 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
387 # Clone a repo (like git clone):
388 git-svn clone http://svn.foo.org/project -T trunk -b branches -t tags
389 # View all branches and tags you have cloned:
391 # Reset your master to trunk (or any other branch, replacing 'trunk'
392 # with the appropriate name):
393 git reset --hard remotes/trunk
394 # You may only dcommit to one branch/tag/trunk at a time. The usage
395 # of dcommit/rebase/show-ignore should be teh same as above.
396 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
398 REBASE VS. PULL/MERGE
399 ---------------------
401 Originally, git-svn recommended that the remotes/git-svn branch be
402 pulled or merged from. This is because the author favored
403 'git-svn set-tree B' to commit a single head rather than the
404 'git-svn set-tree A..B' notation to commit multiple commits.
406 If you use 'git-svn set-tree A..B' to commit several diffs and you do
407 not have the latest remotes/git-svn merged into my-branch, you should
408 use 'git-svn rebase' to update your work branch instead of 'git pull' or
409 'git merge'. 'pull/merge' can cause non-linear history to be flattened
410 when committing into SVN, which can lead to merge commits reversing
411 previous commits in SVN.
415 Merge tracking in Subversion is lacking and doing branched development
416 with Subversion is cumbersome as a result. git-svn does not do
417 automated merge/branch tracking by default and leaves it entirely up to
418 the user on the git side. git-svn does however follow copy
419 history of the directory that it is tracking, however (much like
420 how 'svn log' works).
425 We ignore all SVN properties except svn:executable. Any unhandled
426 properties are logged to $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log
428 Renamed and copied directories are not detected by git and hence not
429 tracked when committing to SVN. I do not plan on adding support for
430 this as it's quite difficult and time-consuming to get working for all
431 the possible corner cases (git doesn't do it, either). Committing
432 renamed and copied files are fully supported if they're similar enough
433 for git to detect them.
438 git-svn stores [svn-remote] configuration information in the
439 repository .git/config file. It is similar the core git
440 [remote] sections except 'fetch' keys do not accept glob
441 arguments; but they are instead handled by the 'branches'
442 and 'tags' keys. Since some SVN repositories are oddly
443 configured with multiple projects glob expansions such those
444 listed below are allowed:
446 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
447 [svn-remote "project-a"]
448 url = http://server.org/svn
449 branches = branches/*/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/branches/*
450 tags = tags/*/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/tags/*
451 trunk = trunk/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/trunk
452 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
454 Keep in mind that the '*' (asterisk) wildcard of the local ref
455 (left of the ':') *must* be the farthest right path component;
456 however the remote wildcard may be anywhere as long as it's own
457 independent path componet (surrounded by '/' or EOL). This
458 type of configuration is not automatically created by 'init' and
459 should be manually entered with a text-editor or using
460 gitlink:git-config[1]
464 gitlink:git-rebase[1]
468 Written by Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>.
472 Written by Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>.