6 git-credential - Retrieve and store user credentials
11 git credential <fill|approve|reject>
17 Git has an internal interface for storing and retrieving credentials
18 from system-specific helpers, as well as prompting the user for
19 usernames and passwords. The git-credential command exposes this
20 interface to scripts which may want to retrieve, store, or prompt for
21 credentials in the same manner as Git. The design of this scriptable
22 interface models the internal C API; see
23 link:technical/api-credentials.html[the Git credential API] for more
24 background on the concepts.
26 git-credential takes an "action" option on the command-line (one of
27 `fill`, `approve`, or `reject`) and reads a credential description
28 on stdin (see <<IOFMT,INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT>>).
30 If the action is `fill`, git-credential will attempt to add "username"
31 and "password" attributes to the description by reading config files,
32 by contacting any configured credential helpers, or by prompting the
33 user. The username and password attributes of the credential
34 description are then printed to stdout together with the attributes
37 If the action is `approve`, git-credential will send the description
38 to any configured credential helpers, which may store the credential
41 If the action is `reject`, git-credential will send the description to
42 any configured credential helpers, which may erase any stored
43 credential matching the description.
45 If the action is `approve` or `reject`, no output should be emitted.
47 TYPICAL USE OF GIT CREDENTIAL
48 -----------------------------
50 An application using git-credential will typically use `git
51 credential` following these steps:
53 1. Generate a credential description based on the context.
55 For example, if we want a password for
56 `https://example.com/foo.git`, we might generate the following
57 credential description (don't forget the blank line at the end; it
58 tells `git credential` that the application finished feeding all the
65 2. Ask git-credential to give us a username and password for this
66 description. This is done by running `git credential fill`,
67 feeding the description from step (1) to its standard input. The complete
68 credential description (including the credential per se, i.e. the
69 login and password) will be produced on standard output, like:
76 In most cases, this means the attributes given in the input will be
77 repeated in the output, but Git may also modify the credential
78 description, for example by removing the `path` attribute when the
79 protocol is HTTP(s) and `credential.useHttpPath` is false.
81 If the `git credential` knew about the password, this step may
82 not have involved the user actually typing this password (the
83 user may have typed a password to unlock the keychain instead,
84 or no user interaction was done if the keychain was already
85 unlocked) before it returned `password=secr3t`.
87 3. Use the credential (e.g., access the URL with the username and
88 password from step (2)), and see if it's accepted.
90 4. Report on the success or failure of the password. If the
91 credential allowed the operation to complete successfully, then
92 it can be marked with an "approve" action to tell `git
93 credential` to reuse it in its next invocation. If the credential
94 was rejected during the operation, use the "reject" action so
95 that `git credential` will ask for a new password in its next
96 invocation. In either case, `git credential` should be fed with
97 the credential description obtained from step (2) (which also
98 contain the ones provided in step (1)).
104 `git credential` reads and/or writes (depending on the action used)
105 credential information in its standard input/output. This information
106 can correspond either to keys for which `git credential` will obtain
107 the login/password information (e.g. host, protocol, path), or to the
108 actual credential data to be obtained (login/password).
110 The credential is split into a set of named attributes, with one
111 attribute per line. Each attribute is
112 specified by a key-value pair, separated by an `=` (equals) sign,
113 followed by a newline. The key may contain any bytes except `=`,
114 newline, or NUL. The value may contain any bytes except newline or NUL.
115 In both cases, all bytes are treated as-is (i.e., there is no quoting,
116 and one cannot transmit a value with newline or NUL in it). The list of
117 attributes is terminated by a blank line or end-of-file.
118 Git understands the following attributes:
122 The protocol over which the credential will be used (e.g.,
127 The remote hostname for a network credential.
131 The path with which the credential will be used. E.g., for
132 accessing a remote https repository, this will be the
133 repository's path on the server.
137 The credential's username, if we already have one (e.g., from a
138 URL, from the user, or from a previously run helper).
142 The credential's password, if we are asking it to be stored.
146 When this special attribute is read by `git credential`, the
147 value is parsed as a URL and treated as if its constituent parts
148 were read (e.g., `url=https://example.com` would behave as if
149 `protocol=https` and `host=example.com` had been provided). This
150 can help callers avoid parsing URLs themselves. Note that any
151 components which are missing from the URL (e.g., there is no
152 username in the example above) will be set to empty; if you want
153 to provide a URL and override some attributes, provide the URL
154 attribute first, followed by any overrides.