6 git-credential - Retrieve and store user credentials
11 git credential <fill|approve|reject>
17 Git has an internal interface for storing and retrieving credentials
18 from system-specific helpers, as well as prompting the user for
19 usernames and passwords. The git-credential command exposes this
20 interface to scripts which may want to retrieve, store, or prompt for
21 credentials in the same manner as Git. The design of this scriptable
22 interface models the internal C API; see credential.h for more
23 background on the concepts.
25 git-credential takes an "action" option on the command-line (one of
26 `fill`, `approve`, or `reject`) and reads a credential description
27 on stdin (see <<IOFMT,INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT>>).
29 If the action is `fill`, git-credential will attempt to add "username"
30 and "password" attributes to the description by reading config files,
31 by contacting any configured credential helpers, or by prompting the
32 user. The username and password attributes of the credential
33 description are then printed to stdout together with the attributes
36 If the action is `approve`, git-credential will send the description
37 to any configured credential helpers, which may store the credential
40 If the action is `reject`, git-credential will send the description to
41 any configured credential helpers, which may erase any stored
42 credential matching the description.
44 If the action is `approve` or `reject`, no output should be emitted.
46 TYPICAL USE OF GIT CREDENTIAL
47 -----------------------------
49 An application using git-credential will typically use `git
50 credential` following these steps:
52 1. Generate a credential description based on the context.
54 For example, if we want a password for
55 `https://example.com/foo.git`, we might generate the following
56 credential description (don't forget the blank line at the end; it
57 tells `git credential` that the application finished feeding all the
64 2. Ask git-credential to give us a username and password for this
65 description. This is done by running `git credential fill`,
66 feeding the description from step (1) to its standard input. The complete
67 credential description (including the credential per se, i.e. the
68 login and password) will be produced on standard output, like:
75 In most cases, this means the attributes given in the input will be
76 repeated in the output, but Git may also modify the credential
77 description, for example by removing the `path` attribute when the
78 protocol is HTTP(s) and `credential.useHttpPath` is false.
80 If the `git credential` knew about the password, this step may
81 not have involved the user actually typing this password (the
82 user may have typed a password to unlock the keychain instead,
83 or no user interaction was done if the keychain was already
84 unlocked) before it returned `password=secr3t`.
86 3. Use the credential (e.g., access the URL with the username and
87 password from step (2)), and see if it's accepted.
89 4. Report on the success or failure of the password. If the
90 credential allowed the operation to complete successfully, then
91 it can be marked with an "approve" action to tell `git
92 credential` to reuse it in its next invocation. If the credential
93 was rejected during the operation, use the "reject" action so
94 that `git credential` will ask for a new password in its next
95 invocation. In either case, `git credential` should be fed with
96 the credential description obtained from step (2) (which also
97 contain the ones provided in step (1)).
103 `git credential` reads and/or writes (depending on the action used)
104 credential information in its standard input/output. This information
105 can correspond either to keys for which `git credential` will obtain
106 the login information (e.g. host, protocol, path), or to the actual
107 credential data to be obtained (username/password).
109 The credential is split into a set of named attributes, with one
110 attribute per line. Each attribute is specified by a key-value pair,
111 separated by an `=` (equals) sign, followed by a newline.
113 The key may contain any bytes except `=`, newline, or NUL. The value may
114 contain any bytes except newline or NUL.
116 In both cases, all bytes are treated as-is (i.e., there is no quoting,
117 and one cannot transmit a value with newline or NUL in it). The list of
118 attributes is terminated by a blank line or end-of-file.
120 Git understands the following attributes:
124 The protocol over which the credential will be used (e.g.,
129 The remote hostname for a network credential. This includes
130 the port number if one was specified (e.g., "example.com:8088").
134 The path with which the credential will be used. E.g., for
135 accessing a remote https repository, this will be the
136 repository's path on the server.
140 The credential's username, if we already have one (e.g., from a
141 URL, the configuration, the user, or from a previously run helper).
145 The credential's password, if we are asking it to be stored.
149 When this special attribute is read by `git credential`, the
150 value is parsed as a URL and treated as if its constituent parts
151 were read (e.g., `url=https://example.com` would behave as if
152 `protocol=https` and `host=example.com` had been provided). This
153 can help callers avoid parsing URLs themselves.
155 Note that specifying a protocol is mandatory and if the URL
156 doesn't specify a hostname (e.g., "cert:///path/to/file") the
157 credential will contain a hostname attribute whose value is an
160 Components which are missing from the URL (e.g., there is no
161 username in the example above) will be left unset.