6 git-merge-tree - Perform merge without touching index or working tree
12 'git merge-tree' [--write-tree] [<options>] <branch1> <branch2>
13 'git merge-tree' [--trivial-merge] <base-tree> <branch1> <branch2> (deprecated)
19 This command has a modern `--write-tree` mode and a deprecated
20 `--trivial-merge` mode. With the exception of the
21 <<DEPMERGE,DEPRECATED DESCRIPTION>> section at the end, the rest of
22 this documentation describes modern `--write-tree` mode.
24 Performs a merge, but does not make any new commits and does not read
25 from or write to either the working tree or index.
27 The performed merge will use the same feature as the "real"
28 linkgit:git-merge[1], including:
30 * three way content merges of individual files
32 * proper directory/file conflict handling
33 * recursive ancestor consolidation (i.e. when there is more than one
34 merge base, creating a virtual merge base by merging the merge bases)
37 After the merge completes, a new toplevel tree object is created. See
38 `OUTPUT` below for details.
44 Do not quote filenames in the <Conflicted file info> section,
45 and end each filename with a NUL character rather than
46 newline. Also begin the messages section with a NUL character
47 instead of a newline. See <<OUTPUT>> below for more information.
50 In the Conflicted file info section, instead of writing a list
51 of (mode, oid, stage, path) tuples to output for conflicted
52 files, just provide a list of filenames with conflicts (and
53 do not list filenames multiple times if they have multiple
57 Write any informational messages such as "Auto-merging <path>"
58 or CONFLICT notices to the end of stdout. If unspecified, the
59 default is to include these messages if there are merge
60 conflicts, and to omit them otherwise.
62 --allow-unrelated-histories::
63 merge-tree will by default error out if the two branches specified
64 share no common history. This flag can be given to override that
65 check and make the merge proceed anyway.
71 For a successful merge, the output from git-merge-tree is simply one
74 <OID of toplevel tree>
76 Whereas for a conflicted merge, the output is by default of the form:
78 <OID of toplevel tree>
79 <Conflicted file info>
80 <Informational messages>
82 These are discussed individually below.
88 This is a tree object that represents what would be checked out in the
89 working tree at the end of `git merge`. If there were conflicts, then
90 files within this tree may have embedded conflict markers. This section
91 is always followed by a newline (or NUL if `-z` is passed).
97 This is a sequence of lines with the format
99 <mode> <object> <stage> <filename>
101 The filename will be quoted as explained for the configuration
102 variable `core.quotePath` (see linkgit:git-config[1]). However, if
103 the `--name-only` option is passed, the mode, object, and stage will
104 be omitted. If `-z` is passed, the "lines" are terminated by a NUL
105 character instead of a newline character.
108 Informational messages
109 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
111 This always starts with a blank line (or NUL if `-z` is passed) to
112 separate it from the previous sections, and then has free-form
113 messages about the merge, such as:
115 * "Auto-merging <file>"
116 * "CONFLICT (rename/delete): <oldfile> renamed...but deleted in..."
117 * "Failed to merge submodule <submodule> (<reason>)"
118 * "Warning: cannot merge binary files: <filename>"
120 Note that these free-form messages will never have a NUL character
121 in or between them, even if -z is passed. It is simply a large block
122 of text taking up the remainder of the output.
127 For a successful, non-conflicted merge, the exit status is 0. When the
128 merge has conflicts, the exit status is 1. If the merge is not able to
129 complete (or start) due to some kind of error, the exit status is
130 something other than 0 or 1 (and the output is unspecified).
135 This command is intended as low-level plumbing, similar to
136 linkgit:git-hash-object[1], linkgit:git-mktree[1],
137 linkgit:git-commit-tree[1], linkgit:git-write-tree[1],
138 linkgit:git-update-ref[1], and linkgit:git-mktag[1]. Thus, it can be
139 used as a part of a series of steps such as:
141 NEWTREE=$(git merge-tree --write-tree $BRANCH1 $BRANCH2)
142 test $? -eq 0 || die "There were conflicts..."
143 NEWCOMMIT=$(git commit-tree $NEWTREE -p $BRANCH1 -p $BRANCH2)
144 git update-ref $BRANCH1 $NEWCOMMIT
146 Note that when the exit status is non-zero, `NEWTREE` in this sequence
147 will contain a lot more output than just a tree.
149 For conflicts, the output includes the same information that you'd get
150 with linkgit:git-merge[1]:
152 * what would be written to the working tree (the
153 <<OIDTLT,OID of toplevel tree>>)
154 * the higher order stages that would be written to the index (the
155 <<CFI,Conflicted file info>>)
156 * any messages that would have been printed to stdout (the
157 <<IM,Informational messages>>)
162 Do NOT look through the resulting toplevel tree to try to find which
163 files conflict; parse the <<CFI,Conflicted file info>> section instead.
164 Not only would parsing an entire tree be horrendously slow in large
165 repositories, there are numerous types of conflicts not representable by
166 conflict markers (modify/delete, mode conflict, binary file changed on
167 both sides, file/directory conflicts, various rename conflict
170 Do NOT interpret an empty <<CFI,Conflicted file info>> list as a clean
171 merge; check the exit status. A merge can have conflicts without having
172 individual files conflict (there are a few types of directory rename
173 conflicts that fall into this category, and others might also be added
176 Do NOT attempt to guess or make the user guess the conflict types from
177 the <<CFI,Conflicted file info>> list. The information there is
178 insufficient to do so. For example: Rename/rename(1to2) conflicts (both
179 sides renamed the same file differently) will result in three different
180 file having higher order stages (but each only has one higher order
181 stage), with no way (short of the <<IM,Informational messages>> section)
182 to determine which three files are related. File/directory conflicts
183 also result in a file with exactly one higher order stage.
184 Possibly-involved-in-directory-rename conflicts (when
185 "merge.directoryRenames" is unset or set to "conflicts") also result in
186 a file with exactly one higher order stage. In all cases, the
187 <<IM,Informational messages>> section has the necessary info, though it
188 is not designed to be machine parseable.
190 Do NOT assume that each paths from <<CFI,Conflicted file info>>, and
191 the logical conflicts in the <<IM,Informational messages>> have a
192 one-to-one mapping, nor that there is a one-to-many mapping, nor a
193 many-to-one mapping. Many-to-many mappings exist, meaning that each
194 path can have many logical conflict types in a single merge, and each
195 logical conflict type can affect many paths.
197 Do NOT assume all filenames listed in the <<IM,Informational messages>>
198 section had conflicts. Messages can be included for files that have no
199 conflicts, such as "Auto-merging <file>".
201 AVOID taking the OIDS from the <<CFI,Conflicted file info>> and
202 re-merging them to present the conflicts to the user. This will lose
203 information. Instead, look up the version of the file found within the
204 <<OIDTLT,OID of toplevel tree>> and show that instead. In particular,
205 the latter will have conflict markers annotated with the original
206 branch/commit being merged and, if renames were involved, the original
207 filename. While you could include the original branch/commit in the
208 conflict marker annotations when re-merging, the original filename is
209 not available from the <<CFI,Conflicted file info>> and thus you would
210 be losing information that might help the user resolve the conflict.
213 DEPRECATED DESCRIPTION
214 ----------------------
216 Per the <<NEWMERGE,DESCRIPTION>> and unlike the rest of this
217 documentation, this section describes the deprecated `--trivial-merge`
220 Other than the optional `--trivial-merge`, this mode accepts no
223 This mode reads three tree-ish, and outputs trivial merge results and
224 conflicting stages to the standard output in a semi-diff format.
225 Since this was designed for higher level scripts to consume and merge
226 the results back into the index, it omits entries that match
227 <branch1>. The result of this second form is similar to what
228 three-way 'git read-tree -m' does, but instead of storing the results
229 in the index, the command outputs the entries to the standard output.
231 This form not only has limited applicability (a trivial merge cannot
232 handle content merges of individual files, rename detection, proper
233 directory/file conflict handling, etc.), the output format is also
234 difficult to work with, and it will generally be less performant than
235 the first form even on successful merges (especially if working in
240 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite