cat-file: don't whitespace-pad "(...)" in SYNOPSIS and usage output
[alt-git.git] / builtin / cat-file.c
blobe36492235bab5b7d0e8365f913aeccaebf4fc18c
1 /*
2 * GIT - The information manager from hell
4 * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
5 */
6 #define USE_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
7 #include "cache.h"
8 #include "config.h"
9 #include "builtin.h"
10 #include "diff.h"
11 #include "parse-options.h"
12 #include "userdiff.h"
13 #include "streaming.h"
14 #include "tree-walk.h"
15 #include "oid-array.h"
16 #include "packfile.h"
17 #include "object-store.h"
18 #include "promisor-remote.h"
20 struct batch_options {
21 int enabled;
22 int follow_symlinks;
23 int print_contents;
24 int buffer_output;
25 int all_objects;
26 int unordered;
27 int cmdmode; /* may be 'w' or 'c' for --filters or --textconv */
28 const char *format;
31 static const char *force_path;
33 static int filter_object(const char *path, unsigned mode,
34 const struct object_id *oid,
35 char **buf, unsigned long *size)
37 enum object_type type;
39 *buf = read_object_file(oid, &type, size);
40 if (!*buf)
41 return error(_("cannot read object %s '%s'"),
42 oid_to_hex(oid), path);
43 if ((type == OBJ_BLOB) && S_ISREG(mode)) {
44 struct strbuf strbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
45 struct checkout_metadata meta;
47 init_checkout_metadata(&meta, NULL, NULL, oid);
48 if (convert_to_working_tree(&the_index, path, *buf, *size, &strbuf, &meta)) {
49 free(*buf);
50 *size = strbuf.len;
51 *buf = strbuf_detach(&strbuf, NULL);
55 return 0;
58 static int stream_blob(const struct object_id *oid)
60 if (stream_blob_to_fd(1, oid, NULL, 0))
61 die("unable to stream %s to stdout", oid_to_hex(oid));
62 return 0;
65 static int cat_one_file(int opt, const char *exp_type, const char *obj_name,
66 int unknown_type)
68 struct object_id oid;
69 enum object_type type;
70 char *buf;
71 unsigned long size;
72 struct object_context obj_context;
73 struct object_info oi = OBJECT_INFO_INIT;
74 struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
75 unsigned flags = OBJECT_INFO_LOOKUP_REPLACE;
76 unsigned get_oid_flags = GET_OID_RECORD_PATH | GET_OID_ONLY_TO_DIE;
77 const char *path = force_path;
78 const int opt_cw = (opt == 'c' || opt == 'w');
79 if (!path && opt_cw)
80 get_oid_flags |= GET_OID_REQUIRE_PATH;
82 if (unknown_type)
83 flags |= OBJECT_INFO_ALLOW_UNKNOWN_TYPE;
85 if (get_oid_with_context(the_repository, obj_name, get_oid_flags, &oid,
86 &obj_context))
87 die("Not a valid object name %s", obj_name);
89 if (!path)
90 path = obj_context.path;
91 if (obj_context.mode == S_IFINVALID)
92 obj_context.mode = 0100644;
94 buf = NULL;
95 switch (opt) {
96 case 't':
97 oi.type_name = &sb;
98 if (oid_object_info_extended(the_repository, &oid, &oi, flags) < 0)
99 die("git cat-file: could not get object info");
100 if (sb.len) {
101 printf("%s\n", sb.buf);
102 strbuf_release(&sb);
103 return 0;
105 break;
107 case 's':
108 oi.sizep = &size;
109 if (oid_object_info_extended(the_repository, &oid, &oi, flags) < 0)
110 die("git cat-file: could not get object info");
111 printf("%"PRIuMAX"\n", (uintmax_t)size);
112 return 0;
114 case 'e':
115 return !has_object_file(&oid);
117 case 'w':
119 if (filter_object(path, obj_context.mode,
120 &oid, &buf, &size))
121 return -1;
122 break;
124 case 'c':
125 if (textconv_object(the_repository, path, obj_context.mode,
126 &oid, 1, &buf, &size))
127 break;
128 /* else fallthrough */
130 case 'p':
131 type = oid_object_info(the_repository, &oid, NULL);
132 if (type < 0)
133 die("Not a valid object name %s", obj_name);
135 /* custom pretty-print here */
136 if (type == OBJ_TREE) {
137 const char *ls_args[3] = { NULL };
138 ls_args[0] = "ls-tree";
139 ls_args[1] = obj_name;
140 return cmd_ls_tree(2, ls_args, NULL);
143 if (type == OBJ_BLOB)
144 return stream_blob(&oid);
145 buf = read_object_file(&oid, &type, &size);
146 if (!buf)
147 die("Cannot read object %s", obj_name);
149 /* otherwise just spit out the data */
150 break;
152 case 0:
153 if (type_from_string(exp_type) == OBJ_BLOB) {
154 struct object_id blob_oid;
155 if (oid_object_info(the_repository, &oid, NULL) == OBJ_TAG) {
156 char *buffer = read_object_file(&oid, &type,
157 &size);
158 const char *target;
159 if (!skip_prefix(buffer, "object ", &target) ||
160 get_oid_hex(target, &blob_oid))
161 die("%s not a valid tag", oid_to_hex(&oid));
162 free(buffer);
163 } else
164 oidcpy(&blob_oid, &oid);
166 if (oid_object_info(the_repository, &blob_oid, NULL) == OBJ_BLOB)
167 return stream_blob(&blob_oid);
169 * we attempted to dereference a tag to a blob
170 * and failed; there may be new dereference
171 * mechanisms this code is not aware of.
172 * fall-back to the usual case.
175 buf = read_object_with_reference(the_repository,
176 &oid, exp_type, &size, NULL);
177 break;
179 default:
180 die("git cat-file: unknown option: %s", exp_type);
183 if (!buf)
184 die("git cat-file %s: bad file", obj_name);
186 write_or_die(1, buf, size);
187 free(buf);
188 free(obj_context.path);
189 return 0;
192 struct expand_data {
193 struct object_id oid;
194 enum object_type type;
195 unsigned long size;
196 off_t disk_size;
197 const char *rest;
198 struct object_id delta_base_oid;
201 * If mark_query is true, we do not expand anything, but rather
202 * just mark the object_info with items we wish to query.
204 int mark_query;
207 * Whether to split the input on whitespace before feeding it to
208 * get_sha1; this is decided during the mark_query phase based on
209 * whether we have a %(rest) token in our format.
211 int split_on_whitespace;
214 * After a mark_query run, this object_info is set up to be
215 * passed to oid_object_info_extended. It will point to the data
216 * elements above, so you can retrieve the response from there.
218 struct object_info info;
221 * This flag will be true if the requested batch format and options
222 * don't require us to call oid_object_info, which can then be
223 * optimized out.
225 unsigned skip_object_info : 1;
228 static int is_atom(const char *atom, const char *s, int slen)
230 int alen = strlen(atom);
231 return alen == slen && !memcmp(atom, s, alen);
234 static void expand_atom(struct strbuf *sb, const char *atom, int len,
235 void *vdata)
237 struct expand_data *data = vdata;
239 if (is_atom("objectname", atom, len)) {
240 if (!data->mark_query)
241 strbuf_addstr(sb, oid_to_hex(&data->oid));
242 } else if (is_atom("objecttype", atom, len)) {
243 if (data->mark_query)
244 data->info.typep = &data->type;
245 else
246 strbuf_addstr(sb, type_name(data->type));
247 } else if (is_atom("objectsize", atom, len)) {
248 if (data->mark_query)
249 data->info.sizep = &data->size;
250 else
251 strbuf_addf(sb, "%"PRIuMAX , (uintmax_t)data->size);
252 } else if (is_atom("objectsize:disk", atom, len)) {
253 if (data->mark_query)
254 data->info.disk_sizep = &data->disk_size;
255 else
256 strbuf_addf(sb, "%"PRIuMAX, (uintmax_t)data->disk_size);
257 } else if (is_atom("rest", atom, len)) {
258 if (data->mark_query)
259 data->split_on_whitespace = 1;
260 else if (data->rest)
261 strbuf_addstr(sb, data->rest);
262 } else if (is_atom("deltabase", atom, len)) {
263 if (data->mark_query)
264 data->info.delta_base_oid = &data->delta_base_oid;
265 else
266 strbuf_addstr(sb,
267 oid_to_hex(&data->delta_base_oid));
268 } else
269 die("unknown format element: %.*s", len, atom);
272 static size_t expand_format(struct strbuf *sb, const char *start, void *data)
274 const char *end;
276 if (*start != '(')
277 return 0;
278 end = strchr(start + 1, ')');
279 if (!end)
280 die("format element '%s' does not end in ')'", start);
282 expand_atom(sb, start + 1, end - start - 1, data);
284 return end - start + 1;
287 static void batch_write(struct batch_options *opt, const void *data, int len)
289 if (opt->buffer_output) {
290 if (fwrite(data, 1, len, stdout) != len)
291 die_errno("unable to write to stdout");
292 } else
293 write_or_die(1, data, len);
296 static void print_object_or_die(struct batch_options *opt, struct expand_data *data)
298 const struct object_id *oid = &data->oid;
300 assert(data->info.typep);
302 if (data->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
303 if (opt->buffer_output)
304 fflush(stdout);
305 if (opt->cmdmode) {
306 char *contents;
307 unsigned long size;
309 if (!data->rest)
310 die("missing path for '%s'", oid_to_hex(oid));
312 if (opt->cmdmode == 'w') {
313 if (filter_object(data->rest, 0100644, oid,
314 &contents, &size))
315 die("could not convert '%s' %s",
316 oid_to_hex(oid), data->rest);
317 } else if (opt->cmdmode == 'c') {
318 enum object_type type;
319 if (!textconv_object(the_repository,
320 data->rest, 0100644, oid,
321 1, &contents, &size))
322 contents = read_object_file(oid,
323 &type,
324 &size);
325 if (!contents)
326 die("could not convert '%s' %s",
327 oid_to_hex(oid), data->rest);
328 } else
329 BUG("invalid cmdmode: %c", opt->cmdmode);
330 batch_write(opt, contents, size);
331 free(contents);
332 } else {
333 stream_blob(oid);
336 else {
337 enum object_type type;
338 unsigned long size;
339 void *contents;
341 contents = read_object_file(oid, &type, &size);
342 if (!contents)
343 die("object %s disappeared", oid_to_hex(oid));
344 if (type != data->type)
345 die("object %s changed type!?", oid_to_hex(oid));
346 if (data->info.sizep && size != data->size)
347 die("object %s changed size!?", oid_to_hex(oid));
349 batch_write(opt, contents, size);
350 free(contents);
355 * If "pack" is non-NULL, then "offset" is the byte offset within the pack from
356 * which the object may be accessed (though note that we may also rely on
357 * data->oid, too). If "pack" is NULL, then offset is ignored.
359 static void batch_object_write(const char *obj_name,
360 struct strbuf *scratch,
361 struct batch_options *opt,
362 struct expand_data *data,
363 struct packed_git *pack,
364 off_t offset)
366 if (!data->skip_object_info) {
367 int ret;
369 if (pack)
370 ret = packed_object_info(the_repository, pack, offset,
371 &data->info);
372 else
373 ret = oid_object_info_extended(the_repository,
374 &data->oid, &data->info,
375 OBJECT_INFO_LOOKUP_REPLACE);
376 if (ret < 0) {
377 printf("%s missing\n",
378 obj_name ? obj_name : oid_to_hex(&data->oid));
379 fflush(stdout);
380 return;
384 strbuf_reset(scratch);
385 strbuf_expand(scratch, opt->format, expand_format, data);
386 strbuf_addch(scratch, '\n');
387 batch_write(opt, scratch->buf, scratch->len);
389 if (opt->print_contents) {
390 print_object_or_die(opt, data);
391 batch_write(opt, "\n", 1);
395 static void batch_one_object(const char *obj_name,
396 struct strbuf *scratch,
397 struct batch_options *opt,
398 struct expand_data *data)
400 struct object_context ctx;
401 int flags = opt->follow_symlinks ? GET_OID_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS : 0;
402 enum get_oid_result result;
404 result = get_oid_with_context(the_repository, obj_name,
405 flags, &data->oid, &ctx);
406 if (result != FOUND) {
407 switch (result) {
408 case MISSING_OBJECT:
409 printf("%s missing\n", obj_name);
410 break;
411 case SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS:
412 printf("%s ambiguous\n", obj_name);
413 break;
414 case DANGLING_SYMLINK:
415 printf("dangling %"PRIuMAX"\n%s\n",
416 (uintmax_t)strlen(obj_name), obj_name);
417 break;
418 case SYMLINK_LOOP:
419 printf("loop %"PRIuMAX"\n%s\n",
420 (uintmax_t)strlen(obj_name), obj_name);
421 break;
422 case NOT_DIR:
423 printf("notdir %"PRIuMAX"\n%s\n",
424 (uintmax_t)strlen(obj_name), obj_name);
425 break;
426 default:
427 BUG("unknown get_sha1_with_context result %d\n",
428 result);
429 break;
431 fflush(stdout);
432 return;
435 if (ctx.mode == 0) {
436 printf("symlink %"PRIuMAX"\n%s\n",
437 (uintmax_t)ctx.symlink_path.len,
438 ctx.symlink_path.buf);
439 fflush(stdout);
440 return;
443 batch_object_write(obj_name, scratch, opt, data, NULL, 0);
446 struct object_cb_data {
447 struct batch_options *opt;
448 struct expand_data *expand;
449 struct oidset *seen;
450 struct strbuf *scratch;
453 static int batch_object_cb(const struct object_id *oid, void *vdata)
455 struct object_cb_data *data = vdata;
456 oidcpy(&data->expand->oid, oid);
457 batch_object_write(NULL, data->scratch, data->opt, data->expand,
458 NULL, 0);
459 return 0;
462 static int collect_loose_object(const struct object_id *oid,
463 const char *path,
464 void *data)
466 oid_array_append(data, oid);
467 return 0;
470 static int collect_packed_object(const struct object_id *oid,
471 struct packed_git *pack,
472 uint32_t pos,
473 void *data)
475 oid_array_append(data, oid);
476 return 0;
479 static int batch_unordered_object(const struct object_id *oid,
480 struct packed_git *pack, off_t offset,
481 void *vdata)
483 struct object_cb_data *data = vdata;
485 if (oidset_insert(data->seen, oid))
486 return 0;
488 oidcpy(&data->expand->oid, oid);
489 batch_object_write(NULL, data->scratch, data->opt, data->expand,
490 pack, offset);
491 return 0;
494 static int batch_unordered_loose(const struct object_id *oid,
495 const char *path,
496 void *data)
498 return batch_unordered_object(oid, NULL, 0, data);
501 static int batch_unordered_packed(const struct object_id *oid,
502 struct packed_git *pack,
503 uint32_t pos,
504 void *data)
506 return batch_unordered_object(oid, pack,
507 nth_packed_object_offset(pack, pos),
508 data);
511 static int batch_objects(struct batch_options *opt)
513 struct strbuf input = STRBUF_INIT;
514 struct strbuf output = STRBUF_INIT;
515 struct expand_data data;
516 int save_warning;
517 int retval = 0;
519 if (!opt->format)
520 opt->format = "%(objectname) %(objecttype) %(objectsize)";
523 * Expand once with our special mark_query flag, which will prime the
524 * object_info to be handed to oid_object_info_extended for each
525 * object.
527 memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
528 data.mark_query = 1;
529 strbuf_expand(&output, opt->format, expand_format, &data);
530 data.mark_query = 0;
531 strbuf_release(&output);
532 if (opt->cmdmode)
533 data.split_on_whitespace = 1;
536 * If we are printing out the object, then always fill in the type,
537 * since we will want to decide whether or not to stream.
539 if (opt->print_contents)
540 data.info.typep = &data.type;
542 if (opt->all_objects) {
543 struct object_cb_data cb;
544 struct object_info empty = OBJECT_INFO_INIT;
546 if (!memcmp(&data.info, &empty, sizeof(empty)))
547 data.skip_object_info = 1;
549 if (has_promisor_remote())
550 warning("This repository uses promisor remotes. Some objects may not be loaded.");
552 read_replace_refs = 0;
554 cb.opt = opt;
555 cb.expand = &data;
556 cb.scratch = &output;
558 if (opt->unordered) {
559 struct oidset seen = OIDSET_INIT;
561 cb.seen = &seen;
563 for_each_loose_object(batch_unordered_loose, &cb, 0);
564 for_each_packed_object(batch_unordered_packed, &cb,
565 FOR_EACH_OBJECT_PACK_ORDER);
567 oidset_clear(&seen);
568 } else {
569 struct oid_array sa = OID_ARRAY_INIT;
571 for_each_loose_object(collect_loose_object, &sa, 0);
572 for_each_packed_object(collect_packed_object, &sa, 0);
574 oid_array_for_each_unique(&sa, batch_object_cb, &cb);
576 oid_array_clear(&sa);
579 strbuf_release(&output);
580 return 0;
584 * We are going to call get_sha1 on a potentially very large number of
585 * objects. In most large cases, these will be actual object sha1s. The
586 * cost to double-check that each one is not also a ref (just so we can
587 * warn) ends up dwarfing the actual cost of the object lookups
588 * themselves. We can work around it by just turning off the warning.
590 save_warning = warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity;
591 warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = 0;
593 while (strbuf_getline(&input, stdin) != EOF) {
594 if (data.split_on_whitespace) {
596 * Split at first whitespace, tying off the beginning
597 * of the string and saving the remainder (or NULL) in
598 * data.rest.
600 char *p = strpbrk(input.buf, " \t");
601 if (p) {
602 while (*p && strchr(" \t", *p))
603 *p++ = '\0';
605 data.rest = p;
608 batch_one_object(input.buf, &output, opt, &data);
611 strbuf_release(&input);
612 strbuf_release(&output);
613 warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = save_warning;
614 return retval;
617 static int git_cat_file_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
619 if (userdiff_config(var, value) < 0)
620 return -1;
622 return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
625 static int batch_option_callback(const struct option *opt,
626 const char *arg,
627 int unset)
629 struct batch_options *bo = opt->value;
631 BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);
633 if (bo->enabled) {
634 return error(_("only one batch option may be specified"));
637 bo->enabled = 1;
638 bo->print_contents = !strcmp(opt->long_name, "batch");
639 bo->format = arg;
641 return 0;
644 int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
646 int opt = 0;
647 int opt_cw = 0;
648 int opt_epts = 0;
649 const char *exp_type = NULL, *obj_name = NULL;
650 struct batch_options batch = {0};
651 int unknown_type = 0;
653 const char * const usage[] = {
654 N_("git cat-file <type> <object>"),
655 N_("git cat-file (-e | -p) <object>"),
656 N_("git cat-file (-t | -s) [--allow-unknown-type] <object>"),
657 N_("git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--batch-all-objects]\n"
658 " [--buffer] [--follow-symlinks] [--unordered]\n"
659 " [--textconv | --filters]"),
660 N_("git cat-file (--textconv | --filters)\n"
661 " [<rev>:<path|tree-ish> | --path=<path|tree-ish> <rev>]"),
662 NULL
664 const struct option options[] = {
665 /* Simple queries */
666 OPT_GROUP(N_("Check object existence or emit object contents")),
667 OPT_CMDMODE('e', NULL, &opt,
668 N_("check if <object> exists"), 'e'),
669 OPT_CMDMODE('p', NULL, &opt, N_("pretty-print <object> content"), 'p'),
671 OPT_GROUP(N_("Emit [broken] object attributes")),
672 OPT_CMDMODE('t', NULL, &opt, N_("show object type (one of 'blob', 'tree', 'commit', 'tag', ...)"), 't'),
673 OPT_CMDMODE('s', NULL, &opt, N_("show object size"), 's'),
674 OPT_BOOL(0, "allow-unknown-type", &unknown_type,
675 N_("allow -s and -t to work with broken/corrupt objects")),
676 /* Batch mode */
677 OPT_GROUP(N_("Batch objects requested on stdin (or --batch-all-objects)")),
678 OPT_CALLBACK_F(0, "batch", &batch, N_("format"),
679 N_("show full <object> or <rev> contents"),
680 PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
681 batch_option_callback),
682 OPT_CALLBACK_F(0, "batch-check", &batch, N_("format"),
683 N_("like --batch, but don't emit <contents>"),
684 PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
685 batch_option_callback),
686 OPT_CMDMODE(0, "batch-all-objects", &opt,
687 N_("with --batch[-check]: ignores stdin, batches all known objects"), 'b'),
688 /* Batch-specific options */
689 OPT_GROUP(N_("Change or optimize batch output")),
690 OPT_BOOL(0, "buffer", &batch.buffer_output, N_("buffer --batch output")),
691 OPT_BOOL(0, "follow-symlinks", &batch.follow_symlinks,
692 N_("follow in-tree symlinks")),
693 OPT_BOOL(0, "unordered", &batch.unordered,
694 N_("do not order objects before emitting them")),
695 /* Textconv options, stand-ole*/
696 OPT_GROUP(N_("Emit object (blob or tree) with conversion or filter (stand-alone, or with batch)")),
697 OPT_CMDMODE(0, "textconv", &opt,
698 N_("run textconv on object's content"), 'c'),
699 OPT_CMDMODE(0, "filters", &opt,
700 N_("run filters on object's content"), 'w'),
701 OPT_STRING(0, "path", &force_path, N_("blob|tree"),
702 N_("use a <path> for (--textconv | --filters); Not with 'batch'")),
703 OPT_END()
706 git_config(git_cat_file_config, NULL);
708 batch.buffer_output = -1;
710 argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, usage, 0);
711 opt_cw = (opt == 'c' || opt == 'w');
712 opt_epts = (opt == 'e' || opt == 'p' || opt == 't' || opt == 's');
714 /* --batch-all-objects? */
715 if (opt == 'b')
716 batch.all_objects = 1;
718 /* Option compatibility */
719 if (force_path && !opt_cw)
720 usage_msg_optf(_("'%s=<%s>' needs '%s' or '%s'"),
721 usage, options,
722 "--path", _("path|tree-ish"), "--filters",
723 "--textconv");
725 /* Option compatibility with batch mode */
726 if (batch.enabled)
728 else if (batch.follow_symlinks)
729 usage_msg_optf(_("'%s' requires a batch mode"), usage, options,
730 "--follow_symlinks");
731 else if (batch.buffer_output >= 0)
732 usage_msg_optf(_("'%s' requires a batch mode"), usage, options,
733 "--buffer");
734 else if (batch.all_objects)
735 usage_msg_optf(_("'%s' requires a batch mode"), usage, options,
736 "--batch-all-objects");
738 /* Batch defaults */
739 if (batch.buffer_output < 0)
740 batch.buffer_output = batch.all_objects;
742 /* Return early if we're in batch mode? */
743 if (batch.enabled) {
744 if (opt_cw)
745 batch.cmdmode = opt;
746 else if (opt && opt != 'b')
747 usage_msg_optf(_("'-%c' is incompatible with batch mode"),
748 usage, options, opt);
749 else if (argc)
750 usage_msg_opt(_("batch modes take no arguments"), usage,
751 options);
753 return batch_objects(&batch);
756 if (opt) {
757 if (!argc && opt == 'c')
758 usage_msg_optf(_("<rev> required with '%s'"),
759 usage, options, "--textconv");
760 else if (!argc && opt == 'w')
761 usage_msg_optf(_("<rev> required with '%s'"),
762 usage, options, "--filters");
763 else if (!argc && opt_epts)
764 usage_msg_optf(_("<object> required with '-%c'"),
765 usage, options, opt);
766 else if (argc == 1)
767 obj_name = argv[0];
768 else
769 usage_msg_opt(_("too many arguments"), usage, options);
770 } else if (!argc) {
771 usage_with_options(usage, options);
772 } else if (argc != 2) {
773 usage_msg_optf(_("only two arguments allowed in <type> <object> mode, not %d"),
774 usage, options, argc);
775 } else if (argc) {
776 exp_type = argv[0];
777 obj_name = argv[1];
780 if (unknown_type && opt != 't' && opt != 's')
781 die("git cat-file --allow-unknown-type: use with -s or -t");
782 return cat_one_file(opt, exp_type, obj_name, unknown_type);