builtin/grep.c

   1 /*
   2  * Builtin "git grep"
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
   5  */
   6 #include "cache.h"
   7 #include "blob.h"
   8 #include "tree.h"
   9 #include "commit.h"
  10 #include "tag.h"
  11 #include "tree-walk.h"
  12 #include "builtin.h"
  13 #include "parse-options.h"
  14 #include "string-list.h"
  15 #include "run-command.h"
  16 #include "userdiff.h"
  17 #include "grep.h"
  18 #include "quote.h"
  19 #include "dir.h"
  20 #include "pathspec.h"
  21 #include "submodule.h"
  22 #include "submodule-config.h"
  23
  24 static char const * const grep_usage[] = {
  25         N_("git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"),
  26         NULL
  27 };
  28
  29 static const char *super_prefix;
  30 static int recurse_submodules;
  31 static struct argv_array submodule_options = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
  32 static const char *parent_basename;
  33
  34 static int grep_submodule_launch(struct grep_opt *opt,
  35                                  const struct grep_source *gs);
  36
  37 #define GREP_NUM_THREADS_DEFAULT 8
  38 static int num_threads;
  39
  40 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
  41 static pthread_t *threads;
  42
  43 /* We use one producer thread and THREADS consumer
  44  * threads. The producer adds struct work_items to 'todo' and the
  45  * consumers pick work items from the same array.
  46  */
  47 struct work_item {
  48         struct grep_source source;
  49         char done;
  50         struct strbuf out;
  51 };
  52
  53 /* In the range [todo_done, todo_start) in 'todo' we have work_items
  54  * that have been or are processed by a consumer thread. We haven't
  55  * written the result for these to stdout yet.
  56  *
  57  * The work_items in [todo_start, todo_end) are waiting to be picked
  58  * up by a consumer thread.
  59  *
  60  * The ranges are modulo TODO_SIZE.
  61  */
  62 #define TODO_SIZE 128
  63 static struct work_item todo[TODO_SIZE];
  64 static int todo_start;
  65 static int todo_end;
  66 static int todo_done;
  67
  68 /* Has all work items been added? */
  69 static int all_work_added;
  70
  71 /* This lock protects all the variables above. */
  72 static pthread_mutex_t grep_mutex;
  73
  74 static inline void grep_lock(void)
  75 {
  76         assert(num_threads);
  77         pthread_mutex_lock(&grep_mutex);
  78 }
  79
  80 static inline void grep_unlock(void)
  81 {
  82         assert(num_threads);
  83         pthread_mutex_unlock(&grep_mutex);
  84 }
  85
  86 /* Signalled when a new work_item is added to todo. */
  87 static pthread_cond_t cond_add;
  88
  89 /* Signalled when the result from one work_item is written to
  90  * stdout.
  91  */
  92 static pthread_cond_t cond_write;
  93
  94 /* Signalled when we are finished with everything. */
  95 static pthread_cond_t cond_result;
  96
  97 static int skip_first_line;
  98
  99 static void add_work(struct grep_opt *opt, enum grep_source_type type,
 100                      const char *name, const char *path, const void *id)
 101 {
 102         grep_lock();
 103
 104         while ((todo_end+1) % ARRAY_SIZE(todo) == todo_done) {
 105                 pthread_cond_wait(&cond_write, &grep_mutex);
 106         }
 107
 108         grep_source_init(&todo[todo_end].source, type, name, path, id);
 109         if (opt->binary != GREP_BINARY_TEXT)
 110                 grep_source_load_driver(&todo[todo_end].source);
 111         todo[todo_end].done = 0;
 112         strbuf_reset(&todo[todo_end].out);
 113         todo_end = (todo_end + 1) % ARRAY_SIZE(todo);
 114
 115         pthread_cond_signal(&cond_add);
 116         grep_unlock();
 117 }
 118
 119 static struct work_item *get_work(void)
 120 {
 121         struct work_item *ret;
 122
 123         grep_lock();
 124         while (todo_start == todo_end && !all_work_added) {
 125                 pthread_cond_wait(&cond_add, &grep_mutex);
 126         }
 127
 128         if (todo_start == todo_end && all_work_added) {
 129                 ret = NULL;
 130         } else {
 131                 ret = &todo[todo_start];
 132                 todo_start = (todo_start + 1) % ARRAY_SIZE(todo);
 133         }
 134         grep_unlock();
 135         return ret;
 136 }
 137
 138 static void work_done(struct work_item *w)
 139 {
 140         int old_done;
 141
 142         grep_lock();
 143         w->done = 1;
 144         old_done = todo_done;
 145         for(; todo[todo_done].done && todo_done != todo_start;
 146             todo_done = (todo_done+1) % ARRAY_SIZE(todo)) {
 147                 w = &todo[todo_done];
 148                 if (w->out.len) {
 149                         const char *p = w->out.buf;
 150                         size_t len = w->out.len;
 151
 152                         /* Skip the leading hunk mark of the first file. */
 153                         if (skip_first_line) {
 154                                 while (len) {
 155                                         len--;
 156                                         if (*p++ == '\n')
 157                                                 break;
 158                                 }
 159                                 skip_first_line = 0;
 160                         }
 161
 162                         write_or_die(1, p, len);
 163                 }
 164                 grep_source_clear(&w->source);
 165         }
 166
 167         if (old_done != todo_done)
 168                 pthread_cond_signal(&cond_write);
 169
 170         if (all_work_added && todo_done == todo_end)
 171                 pthread_cond_signal(&cond_result);
 172
 173         grep_unlock();
 174 }
 175
 176 static void *run(void *arg)
 177 {
 178         int hit = 0;
 179         struct grep_opt *opt = arg;
 180
 181         while (1) {
 182                 struct work_item *w = get_work();
 183                 if (!w)
 184                         break;
 185
 186                 opt->output_priv = w;
 187                 if (w->source.type == GREP_SOURCE_SUBMODULE)
 188                         hit |= grep_submodule_launch(opt, &w->source);
 189                 else
 190                         hit |= grep_source(opt, &w->source);
 191                 grep_source_clear_data(&w->source);
 192                 work_done(w);
 193         }
 194         free_grep_patterns(arg);
 195         free(arg);
 196
 197         return (void*) (intptr_t) hit;
 198 }
 199
 200 static void strbuf_out(struct grep_opt *opt, const void *buf, size_t size)
 201 {
 202         struct work_item *w = opt->output_priv;
 203         strbuf_add(&w->out, buf, size);
 204 }
 205
 206 static void start_threads(struct grep_opt *opt)
 207 {
 208         int i;
 209
 210         pthread_mutex_init(&grep_mutex, NULL);
 211         pthread_mutex_init(&grep_read_mutex, NULL);
 212         pthread_mutex_init(&grep_attr_mutex, NULL);
 213         pthread_cond_init(&cond_add, NULL);
 214         pthread_cond_init(&cond_write, NULL);
 215         pthread_cond_init(&cond_result, NULL);
 216         grep_use_locks = 1;
 217
 218         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(todo); i++) {
 219                 strbuf_init(&todo[i].out, 0);
 220         }
 221
 222         threads = xcalloc(num_threads, sizeof(*threads));
 223         for (i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
 224                 int err;
 225                 struct grep_opt *o = grep_opt_dup(opt);
 226                 o->output = strbuf_out;
 227                 if (i)
 228                         o->debug = 0;
 229                 compile_grep_patterns(o);
 230                 err = pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, run, o);
 231
 232                 if (err)
 233                         die(_("grep: failed to create thread: %s"),
 234                             strerror(err));
 235         }
 236 }
 237
 238 static int wait_all(void)
 239 {
 240         int hit = 0;
 241         int i;
 242
 243         grep_lock();
 244         all_work_added = 1;
 245
 246         /* Wait until all work is done. */
 247         while (todo_done != todo_end)
 248                 pthread_cond_wait(&cond_result, &grep_mutex);
 249
 250         /* Wake up all the consumer threads so they can see that there
 251          * is no more work to do.
 252          */
 253         pthread_cond_broadcast(&cond_add);
 254         grep_unlock();
 255
 256         for (i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
 257                 void *h;
 258                 pthread_join(threads[i], &h);
 259                 hit |= (int) (intptr_t) h;
 260         }
 261
 262         free(threads);
 263
 264         pthread_mutex_destroy(&grep_mutex);
 265         pthread_mutex_destroy(&grep_read_mutex);
 266         pthread_mutex_destroy(&grep_attr_mutex);
 267         pthread_cond_destroy(&cond_add);
 268         pthread_cond_destroy(&cond_write);
 269         pthread_cond_destroy(&cond_result);
 270         grep_use_locks = 0;
 271
 272         return hit;
 273 }
 274 #else /* !NO_PTHREADS */
 275
 276 static int wait_all(void)
 277 {
 278         return 0;
 279 }
 280 #endif
 281
 282 static int grep_cmd_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 283 {
 284         int st = grep_config(var, value, cb);
 285         if (git_color_default_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
 286                 st = -1;
 287
 288         if (!strcmp(var, "grep.threads")) {
 289                 num_threads = git_config_int(var, value);
 290                 if (num_threads < 0)
 291                         die(_("invalid number of threads specified (%d) for %s"),
 292                             num_threads, var);
 293 #ifdef NO_PTHREADS
 294                 else if (num_threads && num_threads != 1) {
 295                         /*
 296                          * TRANSLATORS: %s is the configuration
 297                          * variable for tweaking threads, currently
 298                          * grep.threads
 299                          */
 300                         warning(_("no threads support, ignoring %s"), var);
 301                         num_threads = 0;
 302                 }
 303 #endif
 304         }
 305
 306         return st;
 307 }
 308
 309 static void *lock_and_read_oid_file(const struct object_id *oid, enum object_type *type, unsigned long *size)
 310 {
 311         void *data;
 312
 313         grep_read_lock();
 314         data = read_sha1_file(oid->hash, type, size);
 315         grep_read_unlock();
 316         return data;
 317 }
 318
 319 static int grep_oid(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct object_id *oid,
 320                      const char *filename, int tree_name_len,
 321                      const char *path)
 322 {
 323         struct strbuf pathbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 324
 325         if (super_prefix) {
 326                 strbuf_add(&pathbuf, filename, tree_name_len);
 327                 strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, super_prefix);
 328                 strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, filename + tree_name_len);
 329         } else {
 330                 strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, filename);
 331         }
 332
 333         if (opt->relative && opt->prefix_length) {
 334                 char *name = strbuf_detach(&pathbuf, NULL);
 335                 quote_path_relative(name + tree_name_len, opt->prefix, &pathbuf);
 336                 strbuf_insert(&pathbuf, 0, name, tree_name_len);
 337                 free(name);
 338         }
 339
 340 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 341         if (num_threads) {
 342                 add_work(opt, GREP_SOURCE_SHA1, pathbuf.buf, path, oid);
 343                 strbuf_release(&pathbuf);
 344                 return 0;
 345         } else
 346 #endif
 347         {
 348                 struct grep_source gs;
 349                 int hit;
 350
 351                 grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_SHA1, pathbuf.buf, path, oid);
 352                 strbuf_release(&pathbuf);
 353                 hit = grep_source(opt, &gs);
 354
 355                 grep_source_clear(&gs);
 356                 return hit;
 357         }
 358 }
 359
 360 static int grep_file(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *filename)
 361 {
 362         struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 363
 364         if (super_prefix)
 365                 strbuf_addstr(&buf, super_prefix);
 366         strbuf_addstr(&buf, filename);
 367
 368         if (opt->relative && opt->prefix_length) {
 369                 char *name = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 370                 quote_path_relative(name, opt->prefix, &buf);
 371                 free(name);
 372         }
 373
 374 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 375         if (num_threads) {
 376                 add_work(opt, GREP_SOURCE_FILE, buf.buf, filename, filename);
 377                 strbuf_release(&buf);
 378                 return 0;
 379         } else
 380 #endif
 381         {
 382                 struct grep_source gs;
 383                 int hit;
 384
 385                 grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_FILE, buf.buf, filename, filename);
 386                 strbuf_release(&buf);
 387                 hit = grep_source(opt, &gs);
 388
 389                 grep_source_clear(&gs);
 390                 return hit;
 391         }
 392 }
 393
 394 static void append_path(struct grep_opt *opt, const void *data, size_t len)
 395 {
 396         struct string_list *path_list = opt->output_priv;
 397
 398         if (len == 1 && *(const char *)data == '\0')
 399                 return;
 400         string_list_append(path_list, xstrndup(data, len));
 401 }
 402
 403 static void run_pager(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *prefix)
 404 {
 405         struct string_list *path_list = opt->output_priv;
 406         struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 407         int i, status;
 408
 409         for (i = 0; i < path_list->nr; i++)
 410                 argv_array_push(&child.args, path_list->items[i].string);
 411         child.dir = prefix;
 412         child.use_shell = 1;
 413
 414         status = run_command(&child);
 415         if (status)
 416                 exit(status);
 417 }
 418
 419 static void compile_submodule_options(const struct grep_opt *opt,
 420                                       const char **argv,
 421                                       int cached, int untracked,
 422                                       int opt_exclude, int use_index,
 423                                       int pattern_type_arg)
 424 {
 425         struct grep_pat *pattern;
 426
 427         if (recurse_submodules)
 428                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--recurse-submodules");
 429
 430         if (cached)
 431                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--cached");
 432         if (!use_index)
 433                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--no-index");
 434         if (untracked)
 435                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--untracked");
 436         if (opt_exclude > 0)
 437                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--exclude-standard");
 438
 439         if (opt->invert)
 440                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-v");
 441         if (opt->ignore_case)
 442                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-i");
 443         if (opt->word_regexp)
 444                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-w");
 445         switch (opt->binary) {
 446         case GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH:
 447                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-I");
 448                 break;
 449         case GREP_BINARY_TEXT:
 450                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-a");
 451                 break;
 452         default:
 453                 break;
 454         }
 455         if (opt->allow_textconv)
 456                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--textconv");
 457         if (opt->max_depth != -1)
 458                 argv_array_pushf(&submodule_options, "--max-depth=%d",
 459                                  opt->max_depth);
 460         if (opt->linenum)
 461                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-n");
 462         if (!opt->pathname)
 463                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-h");
 464         if (!opt->relative)
 465                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--full-name");
 466         if (opt->name_only)
 467                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-l");
 468         if (opt->unmatch_name_only)
 469                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-L");
 470         if (opt->null_following_name)
 471                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-z");
 472         if (opt->count)
 473                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-c");
 474         if (opt->file_break)
 475                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--break");
 476         if (opt->heading)
 477                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--heading");
 478         if (opt->pre_context)
 479                 argv_array_pushf(&submodule_options, "--before-context=%d",
 480                                  opt->pre_context);
 481         if (opt->post_context)
 482                 argv_array_pushf(&submodule_options, "--after-context=%d",
 483                                  opt->post_context);
 484         if (opt->funcname)
 485                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-p");
 486         if (opt->funcbody)
 487                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-W");
 488         if (opt->all_match)
 489                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--all-match");
 490         if (opt->debug)
 491                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--debug");
 492         if (opt->status_only)
 493                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-q");
 494
 495         switch (pattern_type_arg) {
 496         case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_BRE:
 497                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-G");
 498                 break;
 499         case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE:
 500                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-E");
 501                 break;
 502         case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_FIXED:
 503                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-F");
 504                 break;
 505         case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE:
 506                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "-P");
 507                 break;
 508         case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED:
 509                 break;
 510         default:
 511                 die("BUG: Added a new grep pattern type without updating switch statement");
 512         }
 513
 514         for (pattern = opt->pattern_list; pattern != NULL;
 515              pattern = pattern->next) {
 516                 switch (pattern->token) {
 517                 case GREP_PATTERN:
 518                         argv_array_pushf(&submodule_options, "-e%s",
 519                                          pattern->pattern);
 520                         break;
 521                 case GREP_AND:
 522                 case GREP_OPEN_PAREN:
 523                 case GREP_CLOSE_PAREN:
 524                 case GREP_NOT:
 525                 case GREP_OR:
 526                         argv_array_push(&submodule_options, pattern->pattern);
 527                         break;
 528                 /* BODY and HEAD are not used by git-grep */
 529                 case GREP_PATTERN_BODY:
 530                 case GREP_PATTERN_HEAD:
 531                         break;
 532                 }
 533         }
 534
 535         /*
 536          * Limit number of threads for child process to use.
 537          * This is to prevent potential fork-bomb behavior of git-grep as each
 538          * submodule process has its own thread pool.
 539          */
 540         argv_array_pushf(&submodule_options, "--threads=%d",
 541                          (num_threads + 1) / 2);
 542
 543         /* Add Pathspecs */
 544         argv_array_push(&submodule_options, "--");
 545         for (; *argv; argv++)
 546                 argv_array_push(&submodule_options, *argv);
 547 }
 548
 549 /*
 550  * Launch child process to grep contents of a submodule
 551  */
 552 static int grep_submodule_launch(struct grep_opt *opt,
 553                                  const struct grep_source *gs)
 554 {
 555         struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 556         int status, i;
 557         const char *end_of_base;
 558         const char *name;
 559         struct strbuf child_output = STRBUF_INIT;
 560
 561         end_of_base = strchr(gs->name, ':');
 562         if (gs->identifier && end_of_base)
 563                 name = end_of_base + 1;
 564         else
 565                 name = gs->name;
 566
 567         prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
 568         argv_array_push(&cp.env_array, GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
 569
 570         if (opt->relative && opt->prefix_length)
 571                 argv_array_pushf(&cp.env_array, "%s=%s",
 572                                  GIT_TOPLEVEL_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT,
 573                                  opt->prefix);
 574
 575         /* Add super prefix */
 576         argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--super-prefix=%s%s/",
 577                          super_prefix ? super_prefix : "",
 578                          name);
 579         argv_array_push(&cp.args, "grep");
 580
 581         /*
 582          * Add basename of parent project
 583          * When performing grep on a tree object the filename is prefixed
 584          * with the object's name: 'tree-name:filename'.  In order to
 585          * provide uniformity of output we want to pass the name of the
 586          * parent project's object name to the submodule so the submodule can
 587          * prefix its output with the parent's name and not its own SHA1.
 588          */
 589         if (gs->identifier && end_of_base)
 590                 argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--parent-basename=%.*s",
 591                                  (int) (end_of_base - gs->name),
 592                                  gs->name);
 593
 594         /* Add options */
 595         for (i = 0; i < submodule_options.argc; i++) {
 596                 /*
 597                  * If there is a tree identifier for the submodule, add the
 598                  * rev after adding the submodule options but before the
 599                  * pathspecs.  To do this we listen for the '--' and insert the
 600                  * sha1 before pushing the '--' onto the child process argv
 601                  * array.
 602                  */
 603                 if (gs->identifier &&
 604                     !strcmp("--", submodule_options.argv[i])) {
 605                         argv_array_push(&cp.args, sha1_to_hex(gs->identifier));
 606                 }
 607
 608                 argv_array_push(&cp.args, submodule_options.argv[i]);
 609         }
 610
 611         cp.git_cmd = 1;
 612         cp.dir = gs->path;
 613
 614         /*
 615          * Capture output to output buffer and check the return code from the
 616          * child process.  A '0' indicates a hit, a '1' indicates no hit and
 617          * anything else is an error.
 618          */
 619         status = capture_command(&cp, &child_output, 0);
 620         if (status && (status != 1)) {
 621                 /* flush the buffer */
 622                 write_or_die(1, child_output.buf, child_output.len);
 623                 die("process for submodule '%s' failed with exit code: %d",
 624                     gs->name, status);
 625         }
 626
 627         opt->output(opt, child_output.buf, child_output.len);
 628         strbuf_release(&child_output);
 629         /* invert the return code to make a hit equal to 1 */
 630         return !status;
 631 }
 632
 633 /*
 634  * Prep grep structures for a submodule grep
 635  * sha1: the sha1 of the submodule or NULL if using the working tree
 636  * filename: name of the submodule including tree name of parent
 637  * path: location of the submodule
 638  */
 639 static int grep_submodule(struct grep_opt *opt, const unsigned char *sha1,
 640                           const char *filename, const char *path)
 641 {
 642         if (!is_submodule_initialized(path))
 643                 return 0;
 644         if (!is_submodule_populated_gently(path, NULL)) {
 645                 /*
 646                  * If searching history, check for the presense of the
 647                  * submodule's gitdir before skipping the submodule.
 648                  */
 649                 if (sha1) {
 650                         const struct submodule *sub =
 651                                         submodule_from_path(null_sha1, path);
 652                         if (sub)
 653                                 path = git_path("modules/%s", sub->name);
 654
 655                         if (!(is_directory(path) && is_git_directory(path)))
 656                                 return 0;
 657                 } else {
 658                         return 0;
 659                 }
 660         }
 661
 662 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 663         if (num_threads) {
 664                 add_work(opt, GREP_SOURCE_SUBMODULE, filename, path, sha1);
 665                 return 0;
 666         } else
 667 #endif
 668         {
 669                 struct grep_source gs;
 670                 int hit;
 671
 672                 grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_SUBMODULE,
 673                                  filename, path, sha1);
 674                 hit = grep_submodule_launch(opt, &gs);
 675
 676                 grep_source_clear(&gs);
 677                 return hit;
 678         }
 679 }
 680
 681 static int grep_cache(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 682                       int cached)
 683 {
 684         int hit = 0;
 685         int nr;
 686         struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
 687         int name_base_len = 0;
 688         if (super_prefix) {
 689                 name_base_len = strlen(super_prefix);
 690                 strbuf_addstr(&name, super_prefix);
 691         }
 692
 693         read_cache();
 694
 695         for (nr = 0; nr < active_nr; nr++) {
 696                 const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[nr];
 697                 strbuf_setlen(&name, name_base_len);
 698                 strbuf_addstr(&name, ce->name);
 699
 700                 if (S_ISREG(ce->ce_mode) &&
 701                     match_pathspec(pathspec, name.buf, name.len, 0, NULL,
 702                                    S_ISDIR(ce->ce_mode) ||
 703                                    S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))) {
 704                         /*
 705                          * If CE_VALID is on, we assume worktree file and its
 706                          * cache entry are identical, even if worktree file has
 707                          * been modified, so use cache version instead
 708                          */
 709                         if (cached || (ce->ce_flags & CE_VALID) ||
 710                             ce_skip_worktree(ce)) {
 711                                 if (ce_stage(ce) || ce_intent_to_add(ce))
 712                                         continue;
 713                                 hit |= grep_oid(opt, &ce->oid, ce->name,
 714                                                  0, ce->name);
 715                         } else {
 716                                 hit |= grep_file(opt, ce->name);
 717                         }
 718                 } else if (recurse_submodules && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) &&
 719                            submodule_path_match(pathspec, name.buf, NULL)) {
 720                         hit |= grep_submodule(opt, NULL, ce->name, ce->name);
 721                 } else {
 722                         continue;
 723                 }
 724
 725                 if (ce_stage(ce)) {
 726                         do {
 727                                 nr++;
 728                         } while (nr < active_nr &&
 729                                  !strcmp(ce->name, active_cache[nr]->name));
 730                         nr--; /* compensate for loop control */
 731                 }
 732                 if (hit && opt->status_only)
 733                         break;
 734         }
 735
 736         strbuf_release(&name);
 737         return hit;
 738 }
 739
 740 static int grep_tree(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 741                      struct tree_desc *tree, struct strbuf *base, int tn_len,
 742                      int check_attr)
 743 {
 744         int hit = 0;
 745         enum interesting match = entry_not_interesting;
 746         struct name_entry entry;
 747         int old_baselen = base->len;
 748         struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
 749         int name_base_len = 0;
 750         if (super_prefix) {
 751                 strbuf_addstr(&name, super_prefix);
 752                 name_base_len = name.len;
 753         }
 754
 755         while (tree_entry(tree, &entry)) {
 756                 int te_len = tree_entry_len(&entry);
 757
 758                 if (match != all_entries_interesting) {
 759                         strbuf_addstr(&name, base->buf + tn_len);
 760                         match = tree_entry_interesting(&entry, &name,
 761                                                        0, pathspec);
 762                         strbuf_setlen(&name, name_base_len);
 763
 764                         if (match == all_entries_not_interesting)
 765                                 break;
 766                         if (match == entry_not_interesting)
 767                                 continue;
 768                 }
 769
 770                 strbuf_add(base, entry.path, te_len);
 771
 772                 if (S_ISREG(entry.mode)) {
 773                         hit |= grep_oid(opt, entry.oid, base->buf, tn_len,
 774                                          check_attr ? base->buf + tn_len : NULL);
 775                 } else if (S_ISDIR(entry.mode)) {
 776                         enum object_type type;
 777                         struct tree_desc sub;
 778                         void *data;
 779                         unsigned long size;
 780
 781                         data = lock_and_read_oid_file(entry.oid, &type, &size);
 782                         if (!data)
 783                                 die(_("unable to read tree (%s)"),
 784                                     oid_to_hex(entry.oid));
 785
 786                         strbuf_addch(base, '/');
 787                         init_tree_desc(&sub, data, size);
 788                         hit |= grep_tree(opt, pathspec, &sub, base, tn_len,
 789                                          check_attr);
 790                         free(data);
 791                 } else if (recurse_submodules && S_ISGITLINK(entry.mode)) {
 792                         hit |= grep_submodule(opt, entry.oid->hash, base->buf,
 793                                               base->buf + tn_len);
 794                 }
 795
 796                 strbuf_setlen(base, old_baselen);
 797
 798                 if (hit && opt->status_only)
 799                         break;
 800         }
 801
 802         strbuf_release(&name);
 803         return hit;
 804 }
 805
 806 static int grep_object(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 807                        struct object *obj, const char *name, const char *path)
 808 {
 809         if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB)
 810                 return grep_oid(opt, &obj->oid, name, 0, path);
 811         if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT || obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
 812                 struct tree_desc tree;
 813                 void *data;
 814                 unsigned long size;
 815                 struct strbuf base;
 816                 int hit, len;
 817
 818                 grep_read_lock();
 819                 data = read_object_with_reference(obj->oid.hash, tree_type,
 820                                                   &size, NULL);
 821                 grep_read_unlock();
 822
 823                 if (!data)
 824                         die(_("unable to read tree (%s)"), oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
 825
 826                 /* Use parent's name as base when recursing submodules */
 827                 if (recurse_submodules && parent_basename)
 828                         name = parent_basename;
 829
 830                 len = name ? strlen(name) : 0;
 831                 strbuf_init(&base, PATH_MAX + len + 1);
 832                 if (len) {
 833                         strbuf_add(&base, name, len);
 834                         strbuf_addch(&base, ':');
 835                 }
 836                 init_tree_desc(&tree, data, size);
 837                 hit = grep_tree(opt, pathspec, &tree, &base, base.len,
 838                                 obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT);
 839                 strbuf_release(&base);
 840                 free(data);
 841                 return hit;
 842         }
 843         die(_("unable to grep from object of type %s"), typename(obj->type));
 844 }
 845
 846 static int grep_objects(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 847                         const struct object_array *list)
 848 {
 849         unsigned int i;
 850         int hit = 0;
 851         const unsigned int nr = list->nr;
 852
 853         for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
 854                 struct object *real_obj;
 855                 real_obj = deref_tag(list->objects[i].item, NULL, 0);
 856
 857                 /* load the gitmodules file for this rev */
 858                 if (recurse_submodules) {
 859                         submodule_free();
 860                         gitmodules_config_sha1(real_obj->oid.hash);
 861                 }
 862                 if (grep_object(opt, pathspec, real_obj, list->objects[i].name, list->objects[i].path)) {
 863                         hit = 1;
 864                         if (opt->status_only)
 865                                 break;
 866                 }
 867         }
 868         return hit;
 869 }
 870
 871 static int grep_directory(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 872                           int exc_std, int use_index)
 873 {
 874         struct dir_struct dir;
 875         int i, hit = 0;
 876
 877         memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
 878         if (!use_index)
 879                 dir.flags |= DIR_NO_GITLINKS;
 880         if (exc_std)
 881                 setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 882
 883         fill_directory(&dir, pathspec);
 884         for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
 885                 if (!dir_path_match(dir.entries[i], pathspec, 0, NULL))
 886                         continue;
 887                 hit |= grep_file(opt, dir.entries[i]->name);
 888                 if (hit && opt->status_only)
 889                         break;
 890         }
 891         return hit;
 892 }
 893
 894 static int context_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 895                             int unset)
 896 {
 897         struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
 898         int value;
 899         const char *endp;
 900
 901         if (unset) {
 902                 grep_opt->pre_context = grep_opt->post_context = 0;
 903                 return 0;
 904         }
 905         value = strtol(arg, (char **)&endp, 10);
 906         if (*endp) {
 907                 return error(_("switch `%c' expects a numerical value"),
 908                              opt->short_name);
 909         }
 910         grep_opt->pre_context = grep_opt->post_context = value;
 911         return 0;
 912 }
 913
 914 static int file_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 915 {
 916         struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
 917         int from_stdin = !strcmp(arg, "-");
 918         FILE *patterns;
 919         int lno = 0;
 920         struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 921
 922         patterns = from_stdin ? stdin : fopen(arg, "r");
 923         if (!patterns)
 924                 die_errno(_("cannot open '%s'"), arg);
 925         while (strbuf_getline(&sb, patterns) == 0) {
 926                 /* ignore empty line like grep does */
 927                 if (sb.len == 0)
 928                         continue;
 929
 930                 append_grep_pat(grep_opt, sb.buf, sb.len, arg, ++lno,
 931                                 GREP_PATTERN);
 932         }
 933         if (!from_stdin)
 934                 fclose(patterns);
 935         strbuf_release(&sb);
 936         return 0;
 937 }
 938
 939 static int not_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 940 {
 941         struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
 942         append_grep_pattern(grep_opt, "--not", "command line", 0, GREP_NOT);
 943         return 0;
 944 }
 945
 946 static int and_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 947 {
 948         struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
 949         append_grep_pattern(grep_opt, "--and", "command line", 0, GREP_AND);
 950         return 0;
 951 }
 952
 953 static int open_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 954 {
 955         struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
 956         append_grep_pattern(grep_opt, "(", "command line", 0, GREP_OPEN_PAREN);
 957         return 0;
 958 }
 959
 960 static int close_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 961 {
 962         struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
 963         append_grep_pattern(grep_opt, ")", "command line", 0, GREP_CLOSE_PAREN);
 964         return 0;
 965 }
 966
 967 static int pattern_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 968                             int unset)
 969 {
 970         struct grep_opt *grep_opt = opt->value;
 971         append_grep_pattern(grep_opt, arg, "-e option", 0, GREP_PATTERN);
 972         return 0;
 973 }
 974
 975 int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 976 {
 977         int hit = 0;
 978         int cached = 0, untracked = 0, opt_exclude = -1;
 979         int seen_dashdash = 0;
 980         int external_grep_allowed__ignored;
 981         const char *show_in_pager = NULL, *default_pager = "dummy";
 982         struct grep_opt opt;
 983         struct object_array list = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
 984         struct pathspec pathspec;
 985         struct string_list path_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 986         int i;
 987         int dummy;
 988         int use_index = 1;
 989         int pattern_type_arg = GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED;
 990         int allow_revs;
 991
 992         struct option options[] = {
 993                 OPT_BOOL(0, "cached", &cached,
 994                         N_("search in index instead of in the work tree")),
 995                 OPT_NEGBIT(0, "no-index", &use_index,
 996                          N_("find in contents not managed by git"), 1),
 997                 OPT_BOOL(0, "untracked", &untracked,
 998                         N_("search in both tracked and untracked files")),
 999                 OPT_SET_INT(0, "exclude-standard", &opt_exclude,
1000                             N_("ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"), 1),
1001                 OPT_BOOL(0, "recurse-submodules", &recurse_submodules,
1002                          N_("recursively search in each submodule")),
1003                 OPT_STRING(0, "parent-basename", &parent_basename,
1004                            N_("basename"),
1005                            N_("prepend parent project's basename to output")),
1006                 OPT_GROUP(""),
1007                 OPT_BOOL('v', "invert-match", &opt.invert,
1008                         N_("show non-matching lines")),
1009                 OPT_BOOL('i', "ignore-case", &opt.ignore_case,
1010                         N_("case insensitive matching")),
1011                 OPT_BOOL('w', "word-regexp", &opt.word_regexp,
1012                         N_("match patterns only at word boundaries")),
1013                 OPT_SET_INT('a', "text", &opt.binary,
1014                         N_("process binary files as text"), GREP_BINARY_TEXT),
1015                 OPT_SET_INT('I', NULL, &opt.binary,
1016                         N_("don't match patterns in binary files"),
1017                         GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH),
1018                 OPT_BOOL(0, "textconv", &opt.allow_textconv,
1019                          N_("process binary files with textconv filters")),
1020                 { OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "max-depth", &opt.max_depth, N_("depth"),
1021                         N_("descend at most <depth> levels"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
1022                         NULL, 1 },
1023                 OPT_GROUP(""),
1024                 OPT_SET_INT('E', "extended-regexp", &pattern_type_arg,
1025                             N_("use extended POSIX regular expressions"),
1026                             GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE),
1027                 OPT_SET_INT('G', "basic-regexp", &pattern_type_arg,
1028                             N_("use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"),
1029                             GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_BRE),
1030                 OPT_SET_INT('F', "fixed-strings", &pattern_type_arg,
1031                             N_("interpret patterns as fixed strings"),
1032                             GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_FIXED),
1033                 OPT_SET_INT('P', "perl-regexp", &pattern_type_arg,
1034                             N_("use Perl-compatible regular expressions"),
1035                             GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE),
1036                 OPT_GROUP(""),
1037                 OPT_BOOL('n', "line-number", &opt.linenum, N_("show line numbers")),
1038                 OPT_NEGBIT('h', NULL, &opt.pathname, N_("don't show filenames"), 1),
1039                 OPT_BIT('H', NULL, &opt.pathname, N_("show filenames"), 1),
1040                 OPT_NEGBIT(0, "full-name", &opt.relative,
1041                         N_("show filenames relative to top directory"), 1),
1042                 OPT_BOOL('l', "files-with-matches", &opt.name_only,
1043                         N_("show only filenames instead of matching lines")),
1044                 OPT_BOOL(0, "name-only", &opt.name_only,
1045                         N_("synonym for --files-with-matches")),
1046                 OPT_BOOL('L', "files-without-match",
1047                         &opt.unmatch_name_only,
1048                         N_("show only the names of files without match")),
1049                 OPT_BOOL('z', "null", &opt.null_following_name,
1050                         N_("print NUL after filenames")),
1051                 OPT_BOOL('c', "count", &opt.count,
1052                         N_("show the number of matches instead of matching lines")),
1053                 OPT__COLOR(&opt.color, N_("highlight matches")),
1054                 OPT_BOOL(0, "break", &opt.file_break,
1055                         N_("print empty line between matches from different files")),
1056                 OPT_BOOL(0, "heading", &opt.heading,
1057                         N_("show filename only once above matches from same file")),
1058                 OPT_GROUP(""),
1059                 OPT_CALLBACK('C', "context", &opt, N_("n"),
1060                         N_("show <n> context lines before and after matches"),
1061                         context_callback),
1062                 OPT_INTEGER('B', "before-context", &opt.pre_context,
1063                         N_("show <n> context lines before matches")),
1064                 OPT_INTEGER('A', "after-context", &opt.post_context,
1065                         N_("show <n> context lines after matches")),
1066                 OPT_INTEGER(0, "threads", &num_threads,
1067                         N_("use <n> worker threads")),
1068                 OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(&opt, N_("shortcut for -C NUM"),
1069                         context_callback),
1070                 OPT_BOOL('p', "show-function", &opt.funcname,
1071                         N_("show a line with the function name before matches")),
1072                 OPT_BOOL('W', "function-context", &opt.funcbody,
1073                         N_("show the surrounding function")),
1074                 OPT_GROUP(""),
1075                 OPT_CALLBACK('f', NULL, &opt, N_("file"),
1076                         N_("read patterns from file"), file_callback),
1077                 { OPTION_CALLBACK, 'e', NULL, &opt, N_("pattern"),
1078                         N_("match <pattern>"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG, pattern_callback },
1079                 { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "and", &opt, NULL,
1080                   N_("combine patterns specified with -e"),
1081                   PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, and_callback },
1082                 OPT_BOOL(0, "or", &dummy, ""),
1083                 { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "not", &opt, NULL, "",
1084                   PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, not_callback },
1085                 { OPTION_CALLBACK, '(', NULL, &opt, NULL, "",
1086                   PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NODASH,
1087                   open_callback },
1088                 { OPTION_CALLBACK, ')', NULL, &opt, NULL, "",
1089                   PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NODASH,
1090                   close_callback },
1091                 OPT__QUIET(&opt.status_only,
1092                            N_("indicate hit with exit status without output")),
1093                 OPT_BOOL(0, "all-match", &opt.all_match,
1094                         N_("show only matches from files that match all patterns")),
1095                 { OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "debug", &opt.debug, NULL,
1096                   N_("show parse tree for grep expression"),
1097                   PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN, NULL, 1 },
1098                 OPT_GROUP(""),
1099                 { OPTION_STRING, 'O', "open-files-in-pager", &show_in_pager,
1100                         N_("pager"), N_("show matching files in the pager"),
1101                         PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)default_pager },
1102                 OPT_BOOL(0, "ext-grep", &external_grep_allowed__ignored,
1103                          N_("allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)")),
1104                 OPT_END()
1105         };
1106
1107         init_grep_defaults();
1108         git_config(grep_cmd_config, NULL);
1109         grep_init(&opt, prefix);
1110         super_prefix = get_super_prefix();
1111
1112         /*
1113          * If there is no -- then the paths must exist in the working
1114          * tree.  If there is no explicit pattern specified with -e or
1115          * -f, we take the first unrecognized non option to be the
1116          * pattern, but then what follows it must be zero or more
1117          * valid refs up to the -- (if exists), and then existing
1118          * paths.  If there is an explicit pattern, then the first
1119          * unrecognized non option is the beginning of the refs list
1120          * that continues up to the -- (if exists), and then paths.
1121          */
1122         argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, grep_usage,
1123                              PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH |
1124                              PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
1125         grep_commit_pattern_type(pattern_type_arg, &opt);
1126
1127         if (use_index && !startup_info->have_repository) {
1128                 int fallback = 0;
1129                 git_config_get_bool("grep.fallbacktonoindex", &fallback);
1130                 if (fallback)
1131                         use_index = 0;
1132                 else
1133                         /* die the same way as if we did it at the beginning */
1134                         setup_git_directory();
1135         }
1136
1137         /*
1138          * skip a -- separator; we know it cannot be
1139          * separating revisions from pathnames if
1140          * we haven't even had any patterns yet
1141          */
1142         if (argc > 0 && !opt.pattern_list && !strcmp(argv[0], "--")) {
1143                 argv++;
1144                 argc--;
1145         }
1146
1147         /* First unrecognized non-option token */
1148         if (argc > 0 && !opt.pattern_list) {
1149                 append_grep_pattern(&opt, argv[0], "command line", 0,
1150                                     GREP_PATTERN);
1151                 argv++;
1152                 argc--;
1153         }
1154
1155         if (show_in_pager == default_pager)
1156                 show_in_pager = git_pager(1);
1157         if (show_in_pager) {
1158                 opt.color = 0;
1159                 opt.name_only = 1;
1160                 opt.null_following_name = 1;
1161                 opt.output_priv = &path_list;
1162                 opt.output = append_path;
1163                 string_list_append(&path_list, show_in_pager);
1164         }
1165
1166         if (!opt.pattern_list)
1167                 die(_("no pattern given."));
1168         if (!opt.fixed && opt.ignore_case)
1169                 opt.regflags |= REG_ICASE;
1170
1171         /*
1172          * We have to find "--" in a separate pass, because its presence
1173          * influences how we will parse arguments that come before it.
1174          */
1175         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1176                 if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--")) {
1177                         seen_dashdash = 1;
1178                         break;
1179                 }
1180         }
1181
1182         /*
1183          * Resolve any rev arguments. If we have a dashdash, then everything up
1184          * to it must resolve as a rev. If not, then we stop at the first
1185          * non-rev and assume everything else is a path.
1186          */
1187         allow_revs = use_index && !untracked;
1188         for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1189                 const char *arg = argv[i];
1190                 struct object_id oid;
1191                 struct object_context oc;
1192                 struct object *object;
1193
1194                 if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
1195                         i++;
1196                         break;
1197                 }
1198
1199                 if (!allow_revs) {
1200                         if (seen_dashdash)
1201                                 die(_("--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs"));
1202                         break;
1203                 }
1204
1205                 if (get_sha1_with_context(arg, 0, oid.hash, &oc)) {
1206                         if (seen_dashdash)
1207                                 die(_("unable to resolve revision: %s"), arg);
1208                         break;
1209                 }
1210
1211                 object = parse_object_or_die(oid.hash, arg);
1212                 if (!seen_dashdash)
1213                         verify_non_filename(prefix, arg);
1214                 add_object_array_with_path(object, arg, &list, oc.mode, oc.path);
1215         }
1216
1217         /*
1218          * Anything left over is presumed to be a path. But in the non-dashdash
1219          * "do what I mean" case, we verify and complain when that isn't true.
1220          */
1221         if (!seen_dashdash) {
1222                 int j;
1223                 for (j = i; j < argc; j++)
1224                         verify_filename(prefix, argv[j], j == i && allow_revs);
1225         }
1226
1227         parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
1228                        PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD |
1229                        (opt.max_depth != -1 ? PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH_VALID : 0),
1230                        prefix, argv + i);
1231         pathspec.max_depth = opt.max_depth;
1232         pathspec.recursive = 1;
1233
1234 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
1235         if (list.nr || cached || show_in_pager)
1236                 num_threads = 0;
1237         else if (num_threads == 0)
1238                 num_threads = GREP_NUM_THREADS_DEFAULT;
1239         else if (num_threads < 0)
1240                 die(_("invalid number of threads specified (%d)"), num_threads);
1241 #else
1242         if (num_threads)
1243                 warning(_("no threads support, ignoring --threads"));
1244         num_threads = 0;
1245 #endif
1246
1247         if (!num_threads)
1248                 /*
1249                  * The compiled patterns on the main path are only
1250                  * used when not using threading. Otherwise
1251                  * start_threads() below calls compile_grep_patterns()
1252                  * for each thread.
1253                  */
1254                 compile_grep_patterns(&opt);
1255
1256 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
1257         if (num_threads) {
1258                 if (!(opt.name_only || opt.unmatch_name_only || opt.count)
1259                     && (opt.pre_context || opt.post_context ||
1260                         opt.file_break || opt.funcbody))
1261                         skip_first_line = 1;
1262                 start_threads(&opt);
1263         }
1264 #endif
1265
1266         if (recurse_submodules) {
1267                 gitmodules_config();
1268                 compile_submodule_options(&opt, argv + i, cached, untracked,
1269                                           opt_exclude, use_index,
1270                                           pattern_type_arg);
1271         }
1272
1273         if (show_in_pager && (cached || list.nr))
1274                 die(_("--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"));
1275
1276         if (show_in_pager && opt.pattern_list && !opt.pattern_list->next) {
1277                 const char *pager = path_list.items[0].string;
1278                 int len = strlen(pager);
1279
1280                 if (len > 4 && is_dir_sep(pager[len - 5]))
1281                         pager += len - 4;
1282
1283                 if (opt.ignore_case && !strcmp("less", pager))
1284                         string_list_append(&path_list, "-I");
1285
1286                 if (!strcmp("less", pager) || !strcmp("vi", pager)) {
1287                         struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
1288                         strbuf_addf(&buf, "+/%s%s",
1289                                         strcmp("less", pager) ? "" : "*",
1290                                         opt.pattern_list->pattern);
1291                         string_list_append(&path_list, buf.buf);
1292                         strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
1293                 }
1294         }
1295
1296         if (recurse_submodules && (!use_index || untracked))
1297                 die(_("option not supported with --recurse-submodules."));
1298
1299         if (!show_in_pager && !opt.status_only)
1300                 setup_pager();
1301
1302         if (!use_index && (untracked || cached))
1303                 die(_("--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."));
1304
1305         if (!use_index || untracked) {
1306                 int use_exclude = (opt_exclude < 0) ? use_index : !!opt_exclude;
1307                 hit = grep_directory(&opt, &pathspec, use_exclude, use_index);
1308         } else if (0 <= opt_exclude) {
1309                 die(_("--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."));
1310         } else if (!list.nr) {
1311                 if (!cached)
1312                         setup_work_tree();
1313
1314                 hit = grep_cache(&opt, &pathspec, cached);
1315         } else {
1316                 if (cached)
1317                         die(_("both --cached and trees are given."));
1318                 hit = grep_objects(&opt, &pathspec, &list);
1319         }
1320
1321         if (num_threads)
1322                 hit |= wait_all();
1323         if (hit && show_in_pager)
1324                 run_pager(&opt, prefix);
1325         clear_pathspec(&pathspec);
1326         free_grep_patterns(&opt);
1327         return !hit;
1328 }