6 git-send-email - Send a collection of patches as emails
12 'git send-email' [options] <file|directory|rev-list options>...
17 Takes the patches given on the command line and emails them out.
18 Patches can be specified as files, directories (which will send all
19 files in the directory), or directly as a revision list. In the
20 last case, any format accepted by linkgit:git-format-patch[1] can
21 be passed to git send-email.
23 The header of the email is configurable by command line options. If not
24 specified on the command line, the user will be prompted with a ReadLine
25 enabled interface to provide the necessary information.
27 There are two formats accepted for patch files:
31 This is what linkgit:git-format-patch[1] generates. Most headers and MIME
32 formatting are ignored.
34 2. The original format used by Greg Kroah-Hartman's 'send_lots_of_email.pl'
37 This format expects the first line of the file to contain the "Cc:" value
38 and the "Subject:" of the message as the second line.
48 Review and edit each patch you're about to send. Default is the value
49 of 'sendemail.annotate'. See the CONFIGURATION section for
50 'sendemail.multiedit'.
53 Specify a "Bcc:" value for each email. Default is the value of
56 The --bcc option must be repeated for each user you want on the bcc list.
59 Specify a starting "Cc:" value for each email.
60 Default is the value of 'sendemail.cc'.
62 The --cc option must be repeated for each user you want on the cc list.
65 Invoke a text editor (see GIT_EDITOR in linkgit:git-var[1])
66 to edit an introductory message for the patch series.
68 When '--compose' is used, git send-email will use the From, Subject, and
69 In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message
70 (what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank
71 (or Git: prefixed) lines the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject,
72 and In-Reply-To headers will be used unless they are removed.
74 Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for.
76 See the CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiedit'.
79 Specify the sender of the emails. If not specified on the command line,
80 the value of the 'sendemail.from' configuration option is used. If
81 neither the command line option nor 'sendemail.from' are set, then the
82 user will be prompted for the value. The default for the prompt will be
83 the value of GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT, or GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT if that is not
84 set, as returned by "git var -l".
86 --in-reply-to=<identifier>::
87 Make the first mail (or all the mails with `--no-thread`) appear as a
88 reply to the given Message-Id, which avoids breaking threads to
89 provide a new patch series.
90 The second and subsequent emails will be sent as replies according to
91 the `--[no]-chain-reply-to` setting.
93 So for example when `--thread` and `--no-chain-reply-to` are specified, the
94 second and subsequent patches will be replies to the first one like in the
95 illustration below where `[PATCH v2 0/3]` is in reply to `[PATCH 0/2]`:
97 [PATCH 0/2] Here is what I did...
98 [PATCH 1/2] Clean up and tests
99 [PATCH 2/2] Implementation
100 [PATCH v2 0/3] Here is a reroll
101 [PATCH v2 1/3] Clean up
102 [PATCH v2 2/3] New tests
103 [PATCH v2 3/3] Implementation
105 Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose
106 is not set, this will be prompted for.
109 Specify the initial subject of the email thread.
110 Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose
111 is not set, this will be prompted for.
114 Specify the primary recipient of the emails generated. Generally, this
115 will be the upstream maintainer of the project involved. Default is the
116 value of the 'sendemail.to' configuration value; if that is unspecified,
117 and --to-cmd is not specified, this will be prompted for.
119 The --to option must be repeated for each user you want on the to list.
121 --8bit-encoding=<encoding>::
122 When encountering a non-ASCII message or subject that does not
123 declare its encoding, add headers/quoting to indicate it is
124 encoded in <encoding>. Default is the value of the
125 'sendemail.assume8bitEncoding'; if that is unspecified, this
126 will be prompted for if any non-ASCII files are encountered.
128 Note that no attempts whatsoever are made to validate the encoding.
130 --compose-encoding=<encoding>::
131 Specify encoding of compose message. Default is the value of the
132 'sendemail.composeencoding'; if that is unspecified, UTF-8 is assumed.
138 --envelope-sender=<address>::
139 Specify the envelope sender used to send the emails.
140 This is useful if your default address is not the address that is
141 subscribed to a list. In order to use the 'From' address, set the
142 value to "auto". If you use the sendmail binary, you must have
143 suitable privileges for the -f parameter. Default is the value of the
144 'sendemail.envelopesender' configuration variable; if that is
145 unspecified, choosing the envelope sender is left to your MTA.
147 --smtp-encryption=<encryption>::
148 Specify the encryption to use, either 'ssl' or 'tls'. Any other
149 value reverts to plain SMTP. Default is the value of
150 'sendemail.smtpencryption'.
152 --smtp-domain=<FQDN>::
153 Specifies the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) used in the
154 HELO/EHLO command to the SMTP server. Some servers require the
155 FQDN to match your IP address. If not set, git send-email attempts
156 to determine your FQDN automatically. Default is the value of
157 'sendemail.smtpdomain'.
159 --smtp-pass[=<password>]::
160 Password for SMTP-AUTH. The argument is optional: If no
161 argument is specified, then the empty string is used as
162 the password. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtppass',
163 however '--smtp-pass' always overrides this value.
165 Furthermore, passwords need not be specified in configuration files
166 or on the command line. If a username has been specified (with
167 '--smtp-user' or a 'sendemail.smtpuser'), but no password has been
168 specified (with '--smtp-pass' or 'sendemail.smtppass'), then
169 a password is obtained using 'git-credential'.
171 --smtp-server=<host>::
172 If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use (e.g.
173 `smtp.example.com` or a raw IP address). Alternatively it can
174 specify a full pathname of a sendmail-like program instead;
175 the program must support the `-i` option. Default value can
176 be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpserver' configuration
177 option; the built-in default is `/usr/sbin/sendmail` or
178 `/usr/lib/sendmail` if such program is available, or
179 `localhost` otherwise.
181 --smtp-server-port=<port>::
182 Specifies a port different from the default port (SMTP
183 servers typically listen to smtp port 25, but may also listen to
184 submission port 587, or the common SSL smtp port 465);
185 symbolic port names (e.g. "submission" instead of 587)
186 are also accepted. The port can also be set with the
187 'sendemail.smtpserverport' configuration variable.
189 --smtp-server-option=<option>::
190 If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server option to use.
191 Default value can be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpserveroption'
192 configuration option.
194 The --smtp-server-option option must be repeated for each option you want
195 to pass to the server. Likewise, different lines in the configuration files
196 must be used for each option.
199 Legacy alias for '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
202 Username for SMTP-AUTH. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtpuser';
203 if a username is not specified (with '--smtp-user' or 'sendemail.smtpuser'),
204 then authentication is not attempted.
207 Enable (1) or disable (0) debug output. If enabled, SMTP
208 commands and replies will be printed. Useful to debug TLS
209 connection and authentication problems.
215 Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
216 should generate patch file specific "To:" entries.
217 Output of this command must be single email address per line.
218 Default is the value of 'sendemail.tocmd' configuration value.
221 Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
222 should generate patch file specific "Cc:" entries.
223 Output of this command must be single email address per line.
224 Default is the value of 'sendemail.cccmd' configuration value.
226 --[no-]chain-reply-to::
227 If this is set, each email will be sent as a reply to the previous
228 email sent. If disabled with "--no-chain-reply-to", all emails after
229 the first will be sent as replies to the first email sent. When using
230 this, it is recommended that the first file given be an overview of the
231 entire patch series. Disabled by default, but the 'sendemail.chainreplyto'
232 configuration variable can be used to enable it.
234 --identity=<identity>::
235 A configuration identity. When given, causes values in the
236 'sendemail.<identity>' subsection to take precedence over
237 values in the 'sendemail' section. The default identity is
238 the value of 'sendemail.identity'.
240 --[no-]signed-off-by-cc::
241 If this is set, add emails found in Signed-off-by: or Cc: lines to the
242 cc list. Default is the value of 'sendemail.signedoffbycc' configuration
243 value; if that is unspecified, default to --signed-off-by-cc.
245 --suppress-cc=<category>::
246 Specify an additional category of recipients to suppress the
250 - 'author' will avoid including the patch author
251 - 'self' will avoid including the sender
252 - 'cc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the patch header
253 except for self (use 'self' for that).
254 - 'bodycc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the
255 patch body (commit message) except for self (use 'self' for that).
256 - 'sob' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Signed-off-by lines except
257 for self (use 'self' for that).
258 - 'cccmd' will avoid running the --cc-cmd.
259 - 'body' is equivalent to 'sob' + 'bodycc'
260 - 'all' will suppress all auto cc values.
263 Default is the value of 'sendemail.suppresscc' configuration value; if
264 that is unspecified, default to 'self' if --suppress-from is
265 specified, as well as 'body' if --no-signed-off-cc is specified.
267 --[no-]suppress-from::
268 If this is set, do not add the From: address to the cc: list.
269 Default is the value of 'sendemail.suppressfrom' configuration
270 value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-suppress-from.
273 If this is set, the In-Reply-To and References headers will be
274 added to each email sent. Whether each mail refers to the
275 previous email (`deep` threading per 'git format-patch'
276 wording) or to the first email (`shallow` threading) is
277 governed by "--[no-]chain-reply-to".
279 If disabled with "--no-thread", those headers will not be added
280 (unless specified with --in-reply-to). Default is the value of the
281 'sendemail.thread' configuration value; if that is unspecified,
284 It is up to the user to ensure that no In-Reply-To header already
285 exists when 'git send-email' is asked to add it (especially note that
286 'git format-patch' can be configured to do the threading itself).
287 Failure to do so may not produce the expected result in the
295 Confirm just before sending:
298 - 'always' will always confirm before sending
299 - 'never' will never confirm before sending
300 - 'cc' will confirm before sending when send-email has automatically
301 added addresses from the patch to the Cc list
302 - 'compose' will confirm before sending the first message when using --compose.
303 - 'auto' is equivalent to 'cc' + 'compose'
306 Default is the value of 'sendemail.confirm' configuration value; if that
307 is unspecified, default to 'auto' unless any of the suppress options
308 have been specified, in which case default to 'compose'.
311 Do everything except actually send the emails.
313 --[no-]format-patch::
314 When an argument may be understood either as a reference or as a file name,
315 choose to understand it as a format-patch argument ('--format-patch')
316 or as a file name ('--no-format-patch'). By default, when such a conflict
317 occurs, git send-email will fail.
320 Make git-send-email less verbose. One line per email should be
324 Perform sanity checks on patches.
325 Currently, validation means the following:
328 * Warn of patches that contain lines longer than 998 characters; this
329 is due to SMTP limits as described by http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2821.txt.
332 Default is the value of 'sendemail.validate'; if this is not set,
333 default to '--validate'.
336 Send emails even if safety checks would prevent it.
342 sendemail.aliasesfile::
343 To avoid typing long email addresses, point this to one or more
344 email aliases files. You must also supply 'sendemail.aliasfiletype'.
346 sendemail.aliasfiletype::
347 Format of the file(s) specified in sendemail.aliasesfile. Must be
348 one of 'mutt', 'mailrc', 'pine', 'elm', or 'gnus'.
350 sendemail.multiedit::
351 If true (default), a single editor instance will be spawned to edit
352 files you have to edit (patches when '--annotate' is used, and the
353 summary when '--compose' is used). If false, files will be edited one
354 after the other, spawning a new editor each time.
357 Sets the default for whether to confirm before sending. Must be
358 one of 'always', 'never', 'cc', 'compose', or 'auto'. See '--confirm'
359 in the previous section for the meaning of these values.
363 Use gmail as the smtp server
364 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
365 To use 'git send-email' to send your patches through the GMail SMTP server,
366 edit ~/.gitconfig to specify your account settings:
370 smtpserver = smtp.gmail.com
371 smtpuser = yourname@gmail.com
374 Once your commits are ready to be sent to the mailing list, run the
377 $ git format-patch --cover-letter -M origin/master -o outgoing/
378 $ edit outgoing/0000-*
379 $ git send-email outgoing/*
381 Note: the following perl modules are required
382 Net::SMTP::SSL, MIME::Base64 and Authen::SASL
386 linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-imap-send[1], mbox(5)
390 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite