6 git-rerere - Reuse recorded resolution of conflicted merges
10 'git-rerere' [clear|diff|status|gc]
15 In a workflow that employs relatively long lived topic branches,
16 the developer sometimes needs to resolve the same conflict over
17 and over again until the topic branches are done (either merged
18 to the "release" branch, or sent out and accepted upstream).
20 This command helps this process by recording conflicted
21 automerge results and corresponding hand-resolve results on the
22 initial manual merge, and later by noticing the same automerge
23 results and applying the previously recorded hand resolution.
29 Normally, git-rerere is run without arguments or user-intervention.
30 However, it has several commands that allow it to interact with
35 This resets the metadata used by rerere if a merge resolution is to be
36 is aborted. Calling linkgit:git-am[1] --skip or linkgit:git-rebase[1]
37 [--skip|--abort] will automatically invoke this command.
41 This displays diffs for the current state of the resolution. It is
42 useful for tracking what has changed while the user is resolving
43 conflicts. Additional arguments are passed directly to the system
44 diff(1) command installed in PATH.
48 Like diff, but this only prints the filenames that will be tracked
53 This command is used to prune records of conflicted merge that
54 occurred long time ago. By default, conflicts older than 15
55 days that you have not recorded their resolution, and conflicts
56 older than 60 days, are pruned. These are controlled with
57 `gc.rerereunresolved` and `gc.rerereresolved` configuration
64 When your topic branch modifies overlapping area that your
65 master branch (or upstream) touched since your topic branch
66 forked from it, you may want to test it with the latest master,
67 even before your topic branch is ready to be pushed upstream:
72 o---o---o---*---o---o master
75 For such a test, you need to merge master and topic somehow.
76 One way to do it is to pull master into the topic branch:
84 o---o---o---*---o---o master
87 The commits marked with `*` touch the same area in the same
88 file; you need to resolve the conflicts when creating the commit
89 marked with `+`. Then you can test the result to make sure your
90 work-in-progress still works with what is in the latest master.
92 After this test merge, there are two ways to continue your work
93 on the topic. The easiest is to build on top of the test merge
94 commit `+`, and when your work in the topic branch is finally
95 ready, pull the topic branch into master, and/or ask the
96 upstream to pull from you. By that time, however, the master or
97 the upstream might have been advanced since the test merge `+`,
98 in which case the final commit graph would look like this:
103 $ ... work on both topic and master branches
104 $ git checkout master
107 o---*---o---+---o---o topic
109 o---o---o---*---o---o---o---o---+ master
112 When your topic branch is long-lived, however, your topic branch
113 would end up having many such "Merge from master" commits on it,
114 which would unnecessarily clutter the development history.
115 Readers of the Linux kernel mailing list may remember that Linus
116 complained about such too frequent test merges when a subsystem
117 maintainer asked to pull from a branch full of "useless merges".
119 As an alternative, to keep the topic branch clean of test
120 merges, you could blow away the test merge, and keep building on
121 top of the tip before the test merge:
126 $ git reset --hard HEAD^ ;# rewind the test merge
127 $ ... work on both topic and master branches
128 $ git checkout master
131 o---*---o-------o---o topic
133 o---o---o---*---o---o---o---o---+ master
136 This would leave only one merge commit when your topic branch is
137 finally ready and merged into the master branch. This merge
138 would require you to resolve the conflict, introduced by the
139 commits marked with `*`. However, often this conflict is the
140 same conflict you resolved when you created the test merge you
141 blew away. `git-rerere` command helps you to resolve this final
142 conflicted merge using the information from your earlier hand
145 Running `git-rerere` command immediately after a conflicted
146 automerge records the conflicted working tree files, with the
147 usual conflict markers `<<<<<<<`, `=======`, and `>>>>>>>` in
148 them. Later, after you are done resolving the conflicts,
149 running `git-rerere` again records the resolved state of these
150 files. Suppose you did this when you created the test merge of
151 master into the topic branch.
153 Next time, running `git-rerere` after seeing a conflicted
154 automerge, if the conflict is the same as the earlier one
155 recorded, it is noticed and a three-way merge between the
156 earlier conflicted automerge, the earlier manual resolution, and
157 the current conflicted automerge is performed by the command.
158 If this three-way merge resolves cleanly, the result is written
159 out to your working tree file, so you would not have to manually
160 resolve it. Note that `git-rerere` leaves the index file alone,
161 so you still need to do the final sanity checks with `git diff`
162 (or `git diff -c`) and `git add` when you are satisfied.
164 As a convenience measure, `git-merge` automatically invokes
165 `git-rerere` when it exits with a failed automerge, which
166 records it if it is a new conflict, or reuses the earlier hand
167 resolve when it is not. `git-commit` also invokes `git-rerere`
168 when recording a merge result. What this means is that you do
169 not have to do anything special yourself (Note: you still have
170 to set the config variable rerere.enabled to enable this command).
172 In our example, when you did the test merge, the manual
173 resolution is recorded, and it will be reused when you do the
174 actual merge later with updated master and topic branch, as long
175 as the earlier resolution is still applicable.
177 The information `git-rerere` records is also used when running
178 `git-rebase`. After blowing away the test merge and continuing
179 development on the topic branch:
182 o---*---o-------o---o topic
184 o---o---o---*---o---o---o---o master
186 $ git rebase master topic
188 o---*---o-------o---o topic
190 o---o---o---*---o---o---o---o master
193 you could run `git rebase master topic`, to keep yourself
194 up-to-date even before your topic is ready to be sent upstream.
195 This would result in falling back to three-way merge, and it
196 would conflict the same way the test merge you resolved earlier.
197 `git-rerere` is run by `git rebase` to help you resolve this
203 Written by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
207 Part of the linkgit:git[7] suite