4 The run-command API offers a versatile tool to run sub-processes with
5 redirected input and output as well as with a modified environment
6 and an alternate current directory.
8 A similar API offers the capability to run a function asynchronously,
9 which is primarily used to capture the output that the function
10 produces in the caller in order to process it.
18 Start a sub-process. Takes a pointer to a `struct child_process`
19 that specifies the details and returns pipe FDs (if requested).
20 See below for details.
24 Wait for the completion of a sub-process that was started with
29 A convenience function that encapsulates a sequence of
30 start_command() followed by finish_command(). Takes a pointer
31 to a `struct child_process` that specifies the details.
33 `run_command_v_opt`, `run_command_v_opt_cd_env`::
35 Convenience functions that encapsulate a sequence of
36 start_command() followed by finish_command(). The argument argv
37 specifies the program and its arguments. The argument opt is zero
38 or more of the flags `RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN`, `RUN_GIT_CMD`,
39 `RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR`, or `RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE`
40 that correspond to the members .no_stdin, .git_cmd,
41 .stdout_to_stderr, .silent_exec_failure of `struct child_process`.
42 The argument dir corresponds the member .dir. The argument env
43 corresponds to the member .env.
45 The functions above do the following:
47 . If a system call failed, errno is set and -1 is returned. A diagnostic
50 . If the program was not found, then -1 is returned and errno is set to
51 ENOENT; a diagnostic is printed only if .silent_exec_failure is 0.
53 . Otherwise, the program is run. If it terminates regularly, its exit
54 code is returned. No diagnistic is printed, even if the exit code is
57 . If the program terminated due to a signal, then the return value is the
58 signal number - 128, ie. it is negative and so indicates an unusual
59 condition; a diagnostic is printed. This return value can be passed to
60 exit(2), which will report the same code to the parent process that a
61 POSIX shell's $? would report for a program that died from the signal.
66 Run a function asynchronously. Takes a pointer to a `struct
67 async` that specifies the details and returns a pipe FD
68 from which the caller reads. See below for details.
72 Wait for the completion of an asynchronous function that was
73 started with start_async().
78 The first argument is a pathname to an index file, or NULL
79 if the hook uses the default index file or no index is needed.
80 The second argument is the name of the hook.
81 The further arguments correspond to the hook arguments.
82 The last argument has to be NULL to terminate the arguments list.
83 If the hook does not exist or is not executable, the return
85 If it is executable, the hook will be executed and the exit
86 status of the hook is returned.
87 On execution, .stdout_to_stderr and .no_stdin will be set.
94 * `struct child_process`
96 This describes the arguments, redirections, and environment of a
97 command to run in a sub-process.
101 1. allocates and clears (memset(&chld, 0, sizeof(chld));) a
102 struct child_process variable;
103 2. initializes the members;
104 3. calls start_command();
105 4. processes the data;
106 5. closes file descriptors (if necessary; see below);
107 6. calls finish_command().
109 The .argv member is set up as an array of string pointers (NULL
110 terminated), of which .argv[0] is the program name to run (usually
111 without a path). If the command to run is a git command, set argv[0] to
112 the command name without the 'git-' prefix and set .git_cmd = 1.
114 The members .in, .out, .err are used to redirect stdin, stdout,
117 . Specify 0 to request no special redirection. No new file descriptor
118 is allocated. The child process simply inherits the channel from the
121 . Specify -1 to have a pipe allocated; start_command() replaces -1
122 by the pipe FD in the following way:
124 .in: Returns the writable pipe end into which the caller writes;
125 the readable end of the pipe becomes the child's stdin.
127 .out, .err: Returns the readable pipe end from which the caller
128 reads; the writable end of the pipe end becomes child's
131 The caller of start_command() must close the so returned FDs
132 after it has completed reading from/writing to it!
134 . Specify a file descriptor > 0 to be used by the child:
136 .in: The FD must be readable; it becomes child's stdin.
137 .out: The FD must be writable; it becomes child's stdout.
138 .err > 0 is not supported.
140 The specified FD is closed by start_command(), even if it fails to
143 . Special forms of redirection are available by setting these members
146 .no_stdin, .no_stdout, .no_stderr: The respective channel is
147 redirected to /dev/null.
149 .stdout_to_stderr: stdout of the child is redirected to its
150 stderr. This happens after stderr is itself redirected.
151 So stdout will follow stderr to wherever it is
154 To modify the environment of the sub-process, specify an array of
155 string pointers (NULL terminated) in .env:
157 . If the string is of the form "VAR=value", i.e. it contains '='
158 the variable is added to the child process's environment.
160 . If the string does not contain '=', it names an environment
161 variable that will be removed from the child process's environment.
163 To specify a new initial working directory for the sub-process,
164 specify it in the .dir member.
166 If the program cannot be found, the functions return -1 and set
167 errno to ENOENT. Normally, an error message is printed, but if
168 .silent_exec_failure is set to 1, no message is printed for this
169 special error condition.
174 This describes a function to run asynchronously, whose purpose is
175 to produce output that the caller reads.
179 1. allocates and clears (memset(&asy, 0, sizeof(asy));) a
180 struct async variable;
181 2. initializes .proc and .data;
182 3. calls start_async();
183 4. processes the data by reading from the fd in .out;
185 6. calls finish_async().
187 The function pointer in .proc has the following signature:
189 int proc(int fd, void *data);
191 . fd specifies a writable file descriptor to which the function must
192 write the data that it produces. The function *must* close this
193 descriptor before it returns.
195 . data is the value that the caller has specified in the .data member
198 . The return value of the function is 0 on success and non-zero
199 on failure. If the function indicates failure, finish_async() will
200 report failure as well.
203 There are serious restrictions on what the asynchronous function can do
204 because this facility is implemented by a pipe to a forked process on
205 UNIX, but by a thread in the same address space on Windows:
207 . It cannot change the program's state (global variables, environment,
208 etc.) in a way that the caller notices; in other words, .out is the
209 only communication channel to the caller.
211 . It must not change the program's state that the caller of the