Merge branch 'rj/restore-plug-leaks'

[alt-git.git] / setup.c

#include "git-compat-util.h"
#include "abspath.h"
#include "copy.h"
#include "environment.h"
#include "exec-cmd.h"
#include "gettext.h"
#include "object-name.h"
#include "refs.h"
#include "repository.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "dir.h"
#include "setup.h"
#include "string-list.h"
#include "chdir-notify.h"
#include "path.h"
#include "quote.h"
#include "trace2.h"
#include "worktree.h"

static int inside_git_dir = -1;
static int inside_work_tree = -1;
static int work_tree_config_is_bogus;
enum allowed_bare_repo {
        ALLOWED_BARE_REPO_EXPLICIT = 0,
        ALLOWED_BARE_REPO_ALL,
};

static struct startup_info the_startup_info;
struct startup_info *startup_info = &the_startup_info;
const char *tmp_original_cwd;

/*
 * The input parameter must contain an absolute path, and it must already be
 * normalized.
 *
 * Find the part of an absolute path that lies inside the work tree by
 * dereferencing symlinks outside the work tree, for example:
 * /dir1/repo/dir2/file   (work tree is /dir1/repo)      -> dir2/file
 * /dir/file              (work tree is /)               -> dir/file
 * /dir/symlink1/symlink2 (symlink1 points to work tree) -> symlink2
 * /dir/repolink/file     (repolink points to /dir/repo) -> file
 * /dir/repo              (exactly equal to work tree)   -> (empty string)
 */
static int abspath_part_inside_repo(char *path)
{
        size_t len;
        size_t wtlen;
        char *path0;
        int off;
        const char *work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
        struct strbuf realpath = STRBUF_INIT;

        if (!work_tree)
                return -1;
        wtlen = strlen(work_tree);
        len = strlen(path);
        off = offset_1st_component(path);

        /* check if work tree is already the prefix */
        if (wtlen <= len && !fspathncmp(path, work_tree, wtlen)) {
                if (path[wtlen] == '/') {
                        memmove(path, path + wtlen + 1, len - wtlen);
                        return 0;
                } else if (path[wtlen - 1] == '/' || path[wtlen] == '\0') {
                        /* work tree is the root, or the whole path */
                        memmove(path, path + wtlen, len - wtlen + 1);
                        return 0;
                }
                /* work tree might match beginning of a symlink to work tree */
                off = wtlen;
        }
        path0 = path;
        path += off;

        /* check each '/'-terminated level */
        while (*path) {
                path++;
                if (*path == '/') {
                        *path = '\0';
                        strbuf_realpath(&realpath, path0, 1);
                        if (fspathcmp(realpath.buf, work_tree) == 0) {
                                memmove(path0, path + 1, len - (path - path0));
                                strbuf_release(&realpath);
                                return 0;
                        }
                        *path = '/';
                }
        }

        /* check whole path */
        strbuf_realpath(&realpath, path0, 1);
        if (fspathcmp(realpath.buf, work_tree) == 0) {
                *path0 = '\0';
                strbuf_release(&realpath);
                return 0;
        }

        strbuf_release(&realpath);
        return -1;
}

/*
 * Normalize "path", prepending the "prefix" for relative paths. If
 * remaining_prefix is not NULL, return the actual prefix still
 * remains in the path. For example, prefix = sub1/sub2/ and path is
 *
 *  foo          -> sub1/sub2/foo  (full prefix)
 *  ../foo       -> sub1/foo       (remaining prefix is sub1/)
 *  ../../bar    -> bar            (no remaining prefix)
 *  ../../sub1/sub2/foo -> sub1/sub2/foo (but no remaining prefix)
 *  `pwd`/../bar -> sub1/bar       (no remaining prefix)
 */
char *prefix_path_gently(const char *prefix, int len,
                         int *remaining_prefix, const char *path)
{
        const char *orig = path;
        char *sanitized;
        if (is_absolute_path(orig)) {
                sanitized = xmallocz(strlen(path));
                if (remaining_prefix)
                        *remaining_prefix = 0;
                if (normalize_path_copy_len(sanitized, path, remaining_prefix)) {
                        free(sanitized);
                        return NULL;
                }
                if (abspath_part_inside_repo(sanitized)) {
                        free(sanitized);
                        return NULL;
                }
        } else {
                sanitized = xstrfmt("%.*s%s", len, len ? prefix : "", path);
                if (remaining_prefix)
                        *remaining_prefix = len;
                if (normalize_path_copy_len(sanitized, sanitized, remaining_prefix)) {
                        free(sanitized);
                        return NULL;
                }
        }
        return sanitized;
}

char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path)
{
        char *r = prefix_path_gently(prefix, len, NULL, path);
        if (!r) {
                const char *hint_path = get_git_work_tree();
                if (!hint_path)
                        hint_path = get_git_dir();
                die(_("'%s' is outside repository at '%s'"), path,
                    absolute_path(hint_path));
        }
        return r;
}

int path_inside_repo(const char *prefix, const char *path)
{
        int len = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
        char *r = prefix_path_gently(prefix, len, NULL, path);
        if (r) {
                free(r);
                return 1;
        }
        return 0;
}

int check_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
{
        char *to_free = NULL;
        struct stat st;

        if (skip_prefix(arg, ":/", &arg)) {
                if (!*arg) /* ":/" is root dir, always exists */
                        return 1;
                prefix = NULL;
        } else if (skip_prefix(arg, ":!", &arg) ||
                   skip_prefix(arg, ":^", &arg)) {
                if (!*arg) /* excluding everything is silly, but allowed */
                        return 1;
        }

        if (prefix)
                arg = to_free = prefix_filename(prefix, arg);

        if (!lstat(arg, &st)) {
                free(to_free);
                return 1; /* file exists */
        }
        if (is_missing_file_error(errno)) {
                free(to_free);
                return 0; /* file does not exist */
        }
        die_errno(_("failed to stat '%s'"), arg);
}

static void NORETURN die_verify_filename(struct repository *r,
                                         const char *prefix,
                                         const char *arg,
                                         int diagnose_misspelt_rev)
{
        if (!diagnose_misspelt_rev)
                die(_("%s: no such path in the working tree.\n"
                      "Use 'git <command> -- <path>...' to specify paths that do not exist locally."),
                    arg);
        /*
         * Saying "'(icase)foo' does not exist in the index" when the
         * user gave us ":(icase)foo" is just stupid.  A magic pathspec
         * begins with a colon and is followed by a non-alnum; do not
         * let maybe_die_on_misspelt_object_name() even trigger.
         */
        if (!(arg[0] == ':' && !isalnum(arg[1])))
                maybe_die_on_misspelt_object_name(r, arg, prefix);

        /* ... or fall back the most general message. */
        die(_("ambiguous argument '%s': unknown revision or path not in the working tree.\n"
              "Use '--' to separate paths from revisions, like this:\n"
              "'git <command> [<revision>...] -- [<file>...]'"), arg);

}

/*
 * Check for arguments that don't resolve as actual files,
 * but which look sufficiently like pathspecs that we'll consider
 * them such for the purposes of rev/pathspec DWIM parsing.
 */
static int looks_like_pathspec(const char *arg)
{
        const char *p;
        int escaped = 0;

        /*
         * Wildcard characters imply the user is looking to match pathspecs
         * that aren't in the filesystem. Note that this doesn't include
         * backslash even though it's a glob special; by itself it doesn't
         * cause any increase in the match. Likewise ignore backslash-escaped
         * wildcard characters.
         */
        for (p = arg; *p; p++) {
                if (escaped) {
                        escaped = 0;
                } else if (is_glob_special(*p)) {
                        if (*p == '\\')
                                escaped = 1;
                        else
                                return 1;
                }
        }

        /* long-form pathspec magic */
        if (starts_with(arg, ":("))
                return 1;

        return 0;
}

/*
 * Verify a filename that we got as an argument for a pathspec
 * entry. Note that a filename that begins with "-" never verifies
 * as true, because even if such a filename were to exist, we want
 * it to be preceded by the "--" marker (or we want the user to
 * use a format like "./-filename")
 *
 * The "diagnose_misspelt_rev" is used to provide a user-friendly
 * diagnosis when dying upon finding that "name" is not a pathname.
 * If set to 1, the diagnosis will try to diagnose "name" as an
 * invalid object name (e.g. HEAD:foo). If set to 0, the diagnosis
 * will only complain about an inexisting file.
 *
 * This function is typically called to check that a "file or rev"
 * argument is unambiguous. In this case, the caller will want
 * diagnose_misspelt_rev == 1 when verifying the first non-rev
 * argument (which could have been a revision), and
 * diagnose_misspelt_rev == 0 for the next ones (because we already
 * saw a filename, there's not ambiguity anymore).
 */
void verify_filename(const char *prefix,
                     const char *arg,
                     int diagnose_misspelt_rev)
{
        if (*arg == '-')
                die(_("option '%s' must come before non-option arguments"), arg);
        if (looks_like_pathspec(arg) || check_filename(prefix, arg))
                return;
        die_verify_filename(the_repository, prefix, arg, diagnose_misspelt_rev);
}

/*
 * Opposite of the above: the command line did not have -- marker
 * and we parsed the arg as a refname.  It should not be interpretable
 * as a filename.
 */
void verify_non_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
{
        if (!is_inside_work_tree() || is_inside_git_dir())
                return;
        if (*arg == '-')
                return; /* flag */
        if (!check_filename(prefix, arg))
                return;
        die(_("ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename\n"
              "Use '--' to separate paths from revisions, like this:\n"
              "'git <command> [<revision>...] -- [<file>...]'"), arg);
}

int get_common_dir(struct strbuf *sb, const char *gitdir)
{
        const char *git_env_common_dir = getenv(GIT_COMMON_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
        if (git_env_common_dir) {
                strbuf_addstr(sb, git_env_common_dir);
                return 1;
        } else {
                return get_common_dir_noenv(sb, gitdir);
        }
}

int get_common_dir_noenv(struct strbuf *sb, const char *gitdir)
{
        struct strbuf data = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
        int ret = 0;

        strbuf_addf(&path, "%s/commondir", gitdir);
        if (file_exists(path.buf)) {
                if (strbuf_read_file(&data, path.buf, 0) <= 0)
                        die_errno(_("failed to read %s"), path.buf);
                while (data.len && (data.buf[data.len - 1] == '\n' ||
                                    data.buf[data.len - 1] == '\r'))
                        data.len--;
                data.buf[data.len] = '\0';
                strbuf_reset(&path);
                if (!is_absolute_path(data.buf))
                        strbuf_addf(&path, "%s/", gitdir);
                strbuf_addbuf(&path, &data);
                strbuf_add_real_path(sb, path.buf);
                ret = 1;
        } else {
                strbuf_addstr(sb, gitdir);
        }

        strbuf_release(&data);
        strbuf_release(&path);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * Test if it looks like we're at a git directory.
 * We want to see:
 *
 *  - either an objects/ directory _or_ the proper
 *    GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY environment variable
 *  - a refs/ directory
 *  - either a HEAD symlink or a HEAD file that is formatted as
 *    a proper "ref:", or a regular file HEAD that has a properly
 *    formatted sha1 object name.
 */
int is_git_directory(const char *suspect)
{
        struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
        int ret = 0;
        size_t len;

        /* Check worktree-related signatures */
        strbuf_addstr(&path, suspect);
        strbuf_complete(&path, '/');
        strbuf_addstr(&path, "HEAD");
        if (validate_headref(path.buf))
                goto done;

        strbuf_reset(&path);
        get_common_dir(&path, suspect);
        len = path.len;

        /* Check non-worktree-related signatures */
        if (getenv(DB_ENVIRONMENT)) {
                if (access(getenv(DB_ENVIRONMENT), X_OK))
                        goto done;
        }
        else {
                strbuf_setlen(&path, len);
                strbuf_addstr(&path, "/objects");
                if (access(path.buf, X_OK))
                        goto done;
        }

        strbuf_setlen(&path, len);
        strbuf_addstr(&path, "/refs");
        if (access(path.buf, X_OK))
                goto done;

        ret = 1;
done:
        strbuf_release(&path);
        return ret;
}

int is_nonbare_repository_dir(struct strbuf *path)
{
        int ret = 0;
        int gitfile_error;
        size_t orig_path_len = path->len;
        assert(orig_path_len != 0);
        strbuf_complete(path, '/');
        strbuf_addstr(path, ".git");
        if (read_gitfile_gently(path->buf, &gitfile_error) || is_git_directory(path->buf))
                ret = 1;
        if (gitfile_error == READ_GITFILE_ERR_OPEN_FAILED ||
            gitfile_error == READ_GITFILE_ERR_READ_FAILED)
                ret = 1;
        strbuf_setlen(path, orig_path_len);
        return ret;
}

int is_inside_git_dir(void)
{
        if (inside_git_dir < 0)
                inside_git_dir = is_inside_dir(get_git_dir());
        return inside_git_dir;
}

int is_inside_work_tree(void)
{
        if (inside_work_tree < 0)
                inside_work_tree = is_inside_dir(get_git_work_tree());
        return inside_work_tree;
}

void setup_work_tree(void)
{
        const char *work_tree;
        static int initialized = 0;

        if (initialized)
                return;

        if (work_tree_config_is_bogus)
                die(_("unable to set up work tree using invalid config"));

        work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
        if (!work_tree || chdir_notify(work_tree))
                die(_("this operation must be run in a work tree"));

        /*
         * Make sure subsequent git processes find correct worktree
         * if $GIT_WORK_TREE is set relative
         */
        if (getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT))
                setenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, ".", 1);

        initialized = 1;
}

static void setup_original_cwd(void)
{
        struct strbuf tmp = STRBUF_INIT;
        const char *worktree = NULL;
        int offset = -1;

        if (!tmp_original_cwd)
                return;

        /*
         * startup_info->original_cwd points to the current working
         * directory we inherited from our parent process, which is a
         * directory we want to avoid removing.
         *
         * For convience, we would like to have the path relative to the
         * worktree instead of an absolute path.
         *
         * Yes, startup_info->original_cwd is usually the same as 'prefix',
         * but differs in two ways:
         *   - prefix has a trailing '/'
         *   - if the user passes '-C' to git, that modifies the prefix but
         *     not startup_info->original_cwd.
         */

        /* Normalize the directory */
        if (!strbuf_realpath(&tmp, tmp_original_cwd, 0)) {
                trace2_data_string("setup", the_repository,
                                   "realpath-path", tmp_original_cwd);
                trace2_data_string("setup", the_repository,
                                   "realpath-failure", strerror(errno));
                free((char*)tmp_original_cwd);
                tmp_original_cwd = NULL;
                return;
        }

        free((char*)tmp_original_cwd);
        tmp_original_cwd = NULL;
        startup_info->original_cwd = strbuf_detach(&tmp, NULL);

        /*
         * Get our worktree; we only protect the current working directory
         * if it's in the worktree.
         */
        worktree = get_git_work_tree();
        if (!worktree)
                goto no_prevention_needed;

        offset = dir_inside_of(startup_info->original_cwd, worktree);
        if (offset >= 0) {
                /*
                 * If startup_info->original_cwd == worktree, that is already
                 * protected and we don't need original_cwd as a secondary
                 * protection measure.
                 */
                if (!*(startup_info->original_cwd + offset))
                        goto no_prevention_needed;

                /*
                 * original_cwd was inside worktree; precompose it just as
                 * we do prefix so that built up paths will match
                 */
                startup_info->original_cwd = \
                        precompose_string_if_needed(startup_info->original_cwd
                                                    + offset);
                return;
        }

no_prevention_needed:
        free((char*)startup_info->original_cwd);
        startup_info->original_cwd = NULL;
}

static int read_worktree_config(const char *var, const char *value,
                                const struct config_context *ctx UNUSED,
                                void *vdata)
{
        struct repository_format *data = vdata;

        if (strcmp(var, "core.bare") == 0) {
                data->is_bare = git_config_bool(var, value);
        } else if (strcmp(var, "core.worktree") == 0) {
                if (!value)
                        return config_error_nonbool(var);
                free(data->work_tree);
                data->work_tree = xstrdup(value);
        }
        return 0;
}

enum extension_result {
        EXTENSION_ERROR = -1, /* compatible with error(), etc */
        EXTENSION_UNKNOWN = 0,
        EXTENSION_OK = 1
};

/*
 * Do not add new extensions to this function. It handles extensions which are
 * respected even in v0-format repositories for historical compatibility.
 */
static enum extension_result handle_extension_v0(const char *var,
                                                 const char *value,
                                                 const char *ext,
                                                 struct repository_format *data)
{
                if (!strcmp(ext, "noop")) {
                        return EXTENSION_OK;
                } else if (!strcmp(ext, "preciousobjects")) {
                        data->precious_objects = git_config_bool(var, value);
                        return EXTENSION_OK;
                } else if (!strcmp(ext, "partialclone")) {
                        if (!value)
                                return config_error_nonbool(var);
                        data->partial_clone = xstrdup(value);
                        return EXTENSION_OK;
                } else if (!strcmp(ext, "worktreeconfig")) {
                        data->worktree_config = git_config_bool(var, value);
                        return EXTENSION_OK;
                }

                return EXTENSION_UNKNOWN;
}

/*
 * Record any new extensions in this function.
 */
static enum extension_result handle_extension(const char *var,
                                              const char *value,
                                              const char *ext,
                                              struct repository_format *data)
{
        if (!strcmp(ext, "noop-v1")) {
                return EXTENSION_OK;
        } else if (!strcmp(ext, "objectformat")) {
                int format;

                if (!value)
                        return config_error_nonbool(var);
                format = hash_algo_by_name(value);
                if (format == GIT_HASH_UNKNOWN)
                        return error(_("invalid value for '%s': '%s'"),
                                     "extensions.objectformat", value);
                data->hash_algo = format;
                return EXTENSION_OK;
        } else if (!strcmp(ext, "refstorage")) {
                unsigned int format;

                if (!value)
                        return config_error_nonbool(var);
                format = ref_storage_format_by_name(value);
                if (format == REF_STORAGE_FORMAT_UNKNOWN)
                        return error(_("invalid value for '%s': '%s'"),
                                     "extensions.refstorage", value);
                data->ref_storage_format = format;
                return EXTENSION_OK;
        }
        return EXTENSION_UNKNOWN;
}

static int check_repo_format(const char *var, const char *value,
                             const struct config_context *ctx, void *vdata)
{
        struct repository_format *data = vdata;
        const char *ext;

        if (strcmp(var, "core.repositoryformatversion") == 0)
                data->version = git_config_int(var, value, ctx->kvi);
        else if (skip_prefix(var, "extensions.", &ext)) {
                switch (handle_extension_v0(var, value, ext, data)) {
                case EXTENSION_ERROR:
                        return -1;
                case EXTENSION_OK:
                        return 0;
                case EXTENSION_UNKNOWN:
                        break;
                }

                switch (handle_extension(var, value, ext, data)) {
                case EXTENSION_ERROR:
                        return -1;
                case EXTENSION_OK:
                        string_list_append(&data->v1_only_extensions, ext);
                        return 0;
                case EXTENSION_UNKNOWN:
                        string_list_append(&data->unknown_extensions, ext);
                        return 0;
                }
        }

        return read_worktree_config(var, value, ctx, vdata);
}

static int check_repository_format_gently(const char *gitdir, struct repository_format *candidate, int *nongit_ok)
{
        struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
        int has_common;

        has_common = get_common_dir(&sb, gitdir);
        strbuf_addstr(&sb, "/config");
        read_repository_format(candidate, sb.buf);
        strbuf_release(&sb);

        /*
         * For historical use of check_repository_format() in git-init,
         * we treat a missing config as a silent "ok", even when nongit_ok
         * is unset.
         */
        if (candidate->version < 0)
                return 0;

        if (verify_repository_format(candidate, &err) < 0) {
                if (nongit_ok) {
                        warning("%s", err.buf);
                        strbuf_release(&err);
                        *nongit_ok = -1;
                        return -1;
                }
                die("%s", err.buf);
        }

        repository_format_precious_objects = candidate->precious_objects;
        string_list_clear(&candidate->unknown_extensions, 0);
        string_list_clear(&candidate->v1_only_extensions, 0);

        if (candidate->worktree_config) {
                /*
                 * pick up core.bare and core.worktree from per-worktree
                 * config if present
                 */
                strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s/config.worktree", gitdir);
                git_config_from_file(read_worktree_config, sb.buf, candidate);
                strbuf_release(&sb);
                has_common = 0;
        }

        if (!has_common) {
                if (candidate->is_bare != -1) {
                        is_bare_repository_cfg = candidate->is_bare;
                        if (is_bare_repository_cfg == 1)
                                inside_work_tree = -1;
                }
                if (candidate->work_tree) {
                        free(git_work_tree_cfg);
                        git_work_tree_cfg = xstrdup(candidate->work_tree);
                        inside_work_tree = -1;
                }
        }

        return 0;
}

int upgrade_repository_format(int target_version)
{
        struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct strbuf repo_version = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct repository_format repo_fmt = REPOSITORY_FORMAT_INIT;
        int ret;

        strbuf_git_common_path(&sb, the_repository, "config");
        read_repository_format(&repo_fmt, sb.buf);
        strbuf_release(&sb);

        if (repo_fmt.version >= target_version) {
                ret = 0;
                goto out;
        }

        if (verify_repository_format(&repo_fmt, &err) < 0) {
                ret = error("cannot upgrade repository format from %d to %d: %s",
                            repo_fmt.version, target_version, err.buf);
                goto out;
        }
        if (!repo_fmt.version && repo_fmt.unknown_extensions.nr) {
                ret = error("cannot upgrade repository format: "
                            "unknown extension %s",
                            repo_fmt.unknown_extensions.items[0].string);
                goto out;
        }

        strbuf_addf(&repo_version, "%d", target_version);
        git_config_set("core.repositoryformatversion", repo_version.buf);

        ret = 1;

out:
        clear_repository_format(&repo_fmt);
        strbuf_release(&repo_version);
        strbuf_release(&err);
        return ret;
}

static void init_repository_format(struct repository_format *format)
{
        const struct repository_format fresh = REPOSITORY_FORMAT_INIT;

        memcpy(format, &fresh, sizeof(fresh));
}

int read_repository_format(struct repository_format *format, const char *path)
{
        clear_repository_format(format);
        git_config_from_file(check_repo_format, path, format);
        if (format->version == -1)
                clear_repository_format(format);
        return format->version;
}

void clear_repository_format(struct repository_format *format)
{
        string_list_clear(&format->unknown_extensions, 0);
        string_list_clear(&format->v1_only_extensions, 0);
        free(format->work_tree);
        free(format->partial_clone);
        init_repository_format(format);
}

int verify_repository_format(const struct repository_format *format,
                             struct strbuf *err)
{
        if (GIT_REPO_VERSION_READ < format->version) {
                strbuf_addf(err, _("Expected git repo version <= %d, found %d"),
                            GIT_REPO_VERSION_READ, format->version);
                return -1;
        }

        if (format->version >= 1 && format->unknown_extensions.nr) {
                int i;

                strbuf_addstr(err, Q_("unknown repository extension found:",
                                      "unknown repository extensions found:",
                                      format->unknown_extensions.nr));

                for (i = 0; i < format->unknown_extensions.nr; i++)
                        strbuf_addf(err, "\n\t%s",
                                    format->unknown_extensions.items[i].string);
                return -1;
        }

        if (format->version == 0 && format->v1_only_extensions.nr) {
                int i;

                strbuf_addstr(err,
                              Q_("repo version is 0, but v1-only extension found:",
                                 "repo version is 0, but v1-only extensions found:",
                                 format->v1_only_extensions.nr));

                for (i = 0; i < format->v1_only_extensions.nr; i++)
                        strbuf_addf(err, "\n\t%s",
                                    format->v1_only_extensions.items[i].string);
                return -1;
        }

        return 0;
}

void read_gitfile_error_die(int error_code, const char *path, const char *dir)
{
        switch (error_code) {
        case READ_GITFILE_ERR_STAT_FAILED:
        case READ_GITFILE_ERR_NOT_A_FILE:
                /* non-fatal; follow return path */
                break;
        case READ_GITFILE_ERR_OPEN_FAILED:
                die_errno(_("error opening '%s'"), path);
        case READ_GITFILE_ERR_TOO_LARGE:
                die(_("too large to be a .git file: '%s'"), path);
        case READ_GITFILE_ERR_READ_FAILED:
                die(_("error reading %s"), path);
        case READ_GITFILE_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT:
                die(_("invalid gitfile format: %s"), path);
        case READ_GITFILE_ERR_NO_PATH:
                die(_("no path in gitfile: %s"), path);
        case READ_GITFILE_ERR_NOT_A_REPO:
                die(_("not a git repository: %s"), dir);
        default:
                BUG("unknown error code");
        }
}

/*
 * Try to read the location of the git directory from the .git file,
 * return path to git directory if found. The return value comes from
 * a shared buffer.
 *
 * On failure, if return_error_code is not NULL, return_error_code
 * will be set to an error code and NULL will be returned. If
 * return_error_code is NULL the function will die instead (for most
 * cases).
 */
const char *read_gitfile_gently(const char *path, int *return_error_code)
{
        const int max_file_size = 1 << 20;  /* 1MB */
        int error_code = 0;
        char *buf = NULL;
        char *dir = NULL;
        const char *slash;
        struct stat st;
        int fd;
        ssize_t len;
        static struct strbuf realpath = STRBUF_INIT;

        if (stat(path, &st)) {
                /* NEEDSWORK: discern between ENOENT vs other errors */
                error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_STAT_FAILED;
                goto cleanup_return;
        }
        if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
                error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_NOT_A_FILE;
                goto cleanup_return;
        }
        if (st.st_size > max_file_size) {
                error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_TOO_LARGE;
                goto cleanup_return;
        }
        fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
        if (fd < 0) {
                error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_OPEN_FAILED;
                goto cleanup_return;
        }
        buf = xmallocz(st.st_size);
        len = read_in_full(fd, buf, st.st_size);
        close(fd);
        if (len != st.st_size) {
                error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_READ_FAILED;
                goto cleanup_return;
        }
        if (!starts_with(buf, "gitdir: ")) {
                error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
                goto cleanup_return;
        }
        while (buf[len - 1] == '\n' || buf[len - 1] == '\r')
                len--;
        if (len < 9) {
                error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_NO_PATH;
                goto cleanup_return;
        }
        buf[len] = '\0';
        dir = buf + 8;

        if (!is_absolute_path(dir) && (slash = strrchr(path, '/'))) {
                size_t pathlen = slash+1 - path;
                dir = xstrfmt("%.*s%.*s", (int)pathlen, path,
                              (int)(len - 8), buf + 8);
                free(buf);
                buf = dir;
        }
        if (!is_git_directory(dir)) {
                error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_NOT_A_REPO;
                goto cleanup_return;
        }

        strbuf_realpath(&realpath, dir, 1);
        path = realpath.buf;

cleanup_return:
        if (return_error_code)
                *return_error_code = error_code;
        else if (error_code)
                read_gitfile_error_die(error_code, path, dir);

        free(buf);
        return error_code ? NULL : path;
}

static const char *setup_explicit_git_dir(const char *gitdirenv,
                                          struct strbuf *cwd,
                                          struct repository_format *repo_fmt,
                                          int *nongit_ok)
{
        const char *work_tree_env = getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT);
        const char *worktree;
        char *gitfile;
        int offset;

        if (PATH_MAX - 40 < strlen(gitdirenv))
                die(_("'$%s' too big"), GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);

        gitfile = (char*)read_gitfile(gitdirenv);
        if (gitfile) {
                gitfile = xstrdup(gitfile);
                gitdirenv = gitfile;
        }

        if (!is_git_directory(gitdirenv)) {
                if (nongit_ok) {
                        *nongit_ok = 1;
                        free(gitfile);
                        return NULL;
                }
                die(_("not a git repository: '%s'"), gitdirenv);
        }

        if (check_repository_format_gently(gitdirenv, repo_fmt, nongit_ok)) {
                free(gitfile);
                return NULL;
        }

        /* #3, #7, #11, #15, #19, #23, #27, #31 (see t1510) */
        if (work_tree_env)
                set_git_work_tree(work_tree_env);
        else if (is_bare_repository_cfg > 0) {
                if (git_work_tree_cfg) {
                        /* #22.2, #30 */
                        warning("core.bare and core.worktree do not make sense");
                        work_tree_config_is_bogus = 1;
                }

                /* #18, #26 */
                set_git_dir(gitdirenv, 0);
                free(gitfile);
                return NULL;
        }
        else if (git_work_tree_cfg) { /* #6, #14 */
                if (is_absolute_path(git_work_tree_cfg))
                        set_git_work_tree(git_work_tree_cfg);
                else {
                        char *core_worktree;
                        if (chdir(gitdirenv))
                                die_errno(_("cannot chdir to '%s'"), gitdirenv);
                        if (chdir(git_work_tree_cfg))
                                die_errno(_("cannot chdir to '%s'"), git_work_tree_cfg);
                        core_worktree = xgetcwd();
                        if (chdir(cwd->buf))
                                die_errno(_("cannot come back to cwd"));
                        set_git_work_tree(core_worktree);
                        free(core_worktree);
                }
        }
        else if (!git_env_bool(GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, 1)) {
                /* #16d */
                set_git_dir(gitdirenv, 0);
                free(gitfile);
                return NULL;
        }
        else /* #2, #10 */
                set_git_work_tree(".");

        /* set_git_work_tree() must have been called by now */
        worktree = get_git_work_tree();

        /* both get_git_work_tree() and cwd are already normalized */
        if (!strcmp(cwd->buf, worktree)) { /* cwd == worktree */
                set_git_dir(gitdirenv, 0);
                free(gitfile);
                return NULL;
        }

        offset = dir_inside_of(cwd->buf, worktree);
        if (offset >= 0) {      /* cwd inside worktree? */
                set_git_dir(gitdirenv, 1);
                if (chdir(worktree))
                        die_errno(_("cannot chdir to '%s'"), worktree);
                strbuf_addch(cwd, '/');
                free(gitfile);
                return cwd->buf + offset;
        }

        /* cwd outside worktree */
        set_git_dir(gitdirenv, 0);
        free(gitfile);
        return NULL;
}

static const char *setup_discovered_git_dir(const char *gitdir,
                                            struct strbuf *cwd, int offset,
                                            struct repository_format *repo_fmt,
                                            int *nongit_ok)
{
        if (check_repository_format_gently(gitdir, repo_fmt, nongit_ok))
                return NULL;

        /* --work-tree is set without --git-dir; use discovered one */
        if (getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT) || git_work_tree_cfg) {
                char *to_free = NULL;
                const char *ret;

                if (offset != cwd->len && !is_absolute_path(gitdir))
                        gitdir = to_free = real_pathdup(gitdir, 1);
                if (chdir(cwd->buf))
                        die_errno(_("cannot come back to cwd"));
                ret = setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdir, cwd, repo_fmt, nongit_ok);
                free(to_free);
                return ret;
        }

        /* #16.2, #17.2, #20.2, #21.2, #24, #25, #28, #29 (see t1510) */
        if (is_bare_repository_cfg > 0) {
                set_git_dir(gitdir, (offset != cwd->len));
                if (chdir(cwd->buf))
                        die_errno(_("cannot come back to cwd"));
                return NULL;
        }

        /* #0, #1, #5, #8, #9, #12, #13 */
        set_git_work_tree(".");
        if (strcmp(gitdir, DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT))
                set_git_dir(gitdir, 0);
        inside_git_dir = 0;
        inside_work_tree = 1;
        if (offset >= cwd->len)
                return NULL;

        /* Make "offset" point past the '/' (already the case for root dirs) */
        if (offset != offset_1st_component(cwd->buf))
                offset++;
        /* Add a '/' at the end */
        strbuf_addch(cwd, '/');
        return cwd->buf + offset;
}

/* #16.1, #17.1, #20.1, #21.1, #22.1 (see t1510) */
static const char *setup_bare_git_dir(struct strbuf *cwd, int offset,
                                      struct repository_format *repo_fmt,
                                      int *nongit_ok)
{
        int root_len;

        if (check_repository_format_gently(".", repo_fmt, nongit_ok))
                return NULL;

        setenv(GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, "0", 1);

        /* --work-tree is set without --git-dir; use discovered one */
        if (getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT) || git_work_tree_cfg) {
                static const char *gitdir;

                gitdir = offset == cwd->len ? "." : xmemdupz(cwd->buf, offset);
                if (chdir(cwd->buf))
                        die_errno(_("cannot come back to cwd"));
                return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdir, cwd, repo_fmt, nongit_ok);
        }

        inside_git_dir = 1;
        inside_work_tree = 0;
        if (offset != cwd->len) {
                if (chdir(cwd->buf))
                        die_errno(_("cannot come back to cwd"));
                root_len = offset_1st_component(cwd->buf);
                strbuf_setlen(cwd, offset > root_len ? offset : root_len);
                set_git_dir(cwd->buf, 0);
        }
        else
                set_git_dir(".", 0);
        return NULL;
}

static dev_t get_device_or_die(const char *path, const char *prefix, int prefix_len)
{
        struct stat buf;
        if (stat(path, &buf)) {
                die_errno(_("failed to stat '%*s%s%s'"),
                                prefix_len,
                                prefix ? prefix : "",
                                prefix ? "/" : "", path);
        }
        return buf.st_dev;
}

/*
 * A "string_list_each_func_t" function that canonicalizes an entry
 * from GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES using real_pathdup(), or
 * discards it if unusable.  The presence of an empty entry in
 * GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES turns off canonicalization for all
 * subsequent entries.
 */
static int canonicalize_ceiling_entry(struct string_list_item *item,
                                      void *cb_data)
{
        int *empty_entry_found = cb_data;
        char *ceil = item->string;

        if (!*ceil) {
                *empty_entry_found = 1;
                return 0;
        } else if (!is_absolute_path(ceil)) {
                return 0;
        } else if (*empty_entry_found) {
                /* Keep entry but do not canonicalize it */
                return 1;
        } else {
                char *real_path = real_pathdup(ceil, 0);
                if (!real_path) {
                        return 0;
                }
                free(item->string);
                item->string = real_path;
                return 1;
        }
}

struct safe_directory_data {
        const char *path;
        int is_safe;
};

static int safe_directory_cb(const char *key, const char *value,
                             const struct config_context *ctx UNUSED, void *d)
{
        struct safe_directory_data *data = d;

        if (strcmp(key, "safe.directory"))
                return 0;

        if (!value || !*value) {
                data->is_safe = 0;
        } else if (!strcmp(value, "*")) {
                data->is_safe = 1;
        } else {
                const char *interpolated = NULL;

                if (!git_config_pathname(&interpolated, key, value) &&
                    !fspathcmp(data->path, interpolated ? interpolated : value))
                        data->is_safe = 1;

                free((char *)interpolated);
        }

        return 0;
}

/*
 * Check if a repository is safe, by verifying the ownership of the
 * worktree (if any), the git directory, and the gitfile (if any).
 *
 * Exemptions for known-safe repositories can be added via `safe.directory`
 * config settings; for non-bare repositories, their worktree needs to be
 * added, for bare ones their git directory.
 */
static int ensure_valid_ownership(const char *gitfile,
                                  const char *worktree, const char *gitdir,
                                  struct strbuf *report)
{
        struct safe_directory_data data = {
                .path = worktree ? worktree : gitdir
        };

        if (!git_env_bool("GIT_TEST_ASSUME_DIFFERENT_OWNER", 0) &&
            (!gitfile || is_path_owned_by_current_user(gitfile, report)) &&
            (!worktree || is_path_owned_by_current_user(worktree, report)) &&
            (!gitdir || is_path_owned_by_current_user(gitdir, report)))
                return 1;

        /*
         * data.path is the "path" that identifies the repository and it is
         * constant regardless of what failed above. data.is_safe should be
         * initialized to false, and might be changed by the callback.
         */
        git_protected_config(safe_directory_cb, &data);

        return data.is_safe;
}

static int allowed_bare_repo_cb(const char *key, const char *value,
                                const struct config_context *ctx UNUSED,
                                void *d)
{
        enum allowed_bare_repo *allowed_bare_repo = d;

        if (strcasecmp(key, "safe.bareRepository"))
                return 0;

        if (!strcmp(value, "explicit")) {
                *allowed_bare_repo = ALLOWED_BARE_REPO_EXPLICIT;
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(value, "all")) {
                *allowed_bare_repo = ALLOWED_BARE_REPO_ALL;
                return 0;
        }
        return -1;
}

static enum allowed_bare_repo get_allowed_bare_repo(void)
{
        enum allowed_bare_repo result = ALLOWED_BARE_REPO_ALL;
        git_protected_config(allowed_bare_repo_cb, &result);
        return result;
}

static const char *allowed_bare_repo_to_string(
        enum allowed_bare_repo allowed_bare_repo)
{
        switch (allowed_bare_repo) {
        case ALLOWED_BARE_REPO_EXPLICIT:
                return "explicit";
        case ALLOWED_BARE_REPO_ALL:
                return "all";
        default:
                BUG("invalid allowed_bare_repo %d",
                    allowed_bare_repo);
        }
        return NULL;
}

static int is_implicit_bare_repo(const char *path)
{
        /*
         * what we found is a ".git" directory at the root of
         * the working tree.
         */
        if (ends_with_path_components(path, ".git"))
                return 1;

        /*
         * we are inside $GIT_DIR of a secondary worktree of a
         * non-bare repository.
         */
        if (strstr(path, "/.git/worktrees/"))
                return 1;

        /*
         * we are inside $GIT_DIR of a worktree of a non-embedded
         * submodule, whose superproject is not a bare repository.
         */
        if (strstr(path, "/.git/modules/"))
                return 1;

        return 0;
}

/*
 * We cannot decide in this function whether we are in the work tree or
 * not, since the config can only be read _after_ this function was called.
 *
 * Also, we avoid changing any global state (such as the current working
 * directory) to allow early callers.
 *
 * The directory where the search should start needs to be passed in via the
 * `dir` parameter; upon return, the `dir` buffer will contain the path of
 * the directory where the search ended, and `gitdir` will contain the path of
 * the discovered .git/ directory, if any. If `gitdir` is not absolute, it
 * is relative to `dir` (i.e. *not* necessarily the cwd).
 */
static enum discovery_result setup_git_directory_gently_1(struct strbuf *dir,
                                                          struct strbuf *gitdir,
                                                          struct strbuf *report,
                                                          int die_on_error)
{
        const char *env_ceiling_dirs = getenv(CEILING_DIRECTORIES_ENVIRONMENT);
        struct string_list ceiling_dirs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
        const char *gitdirenv;
        int ceil_offset = -1, min_offset = offset_1st_component(dir->buf);
        dev_t current_device = 0;
        int one_filesystem = 1;

        /*
         * If GIT_DIR is set explicitly, we're not going
         * to do any discovery, but we still do repository
         * validation.
         */
        gitdirenv = getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
        if (gitdirenv) {
                strbuf_addstr(gitdir, gitdirenv);
                return GIT_DIR_EXPLICIT;
        }

        if (env_ceiling_dirs) {
                int empty_entry_found = 0;

                string_list_split(&ceiling_dirs, env_ceiling_dirs, PATH_SEP, -1);
                filter_string_list(&ceiling_dirs, 0,
                                   canonicalize_ceiling_entry, &empty_entry_found);
                ceil_offset = longest_ancestor_length(dir->buf, &ceiling_dirs);
                string_list_clear(&ceiling_dirs, 0);
        }

        if (ceil_offset < 0)
                ceil_offset = min_offset - 2;

        if (min_offset && min_offset == dir->len &&
            !is_dir_sep(dir->buf[min_offset - 1])) {
                strbuf_addch(dir, '/');
                min_offset++;
        }

        /*
         * Test in the following order (relative to the dir):
         * - .git (file containing "gitdir: <path>")
         * - .git/
         * - ./ (bare)
         * - ../.git
         * - ../.git/
         * - ../ (bare)
         * - ../../.git
         *   etc.
         */
        one_filesystem = !git_env_bool("GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM", 0);
        if (one_filesystem)
                current_device = get_device_or_die(dir->buf, NULL, 0);
        for (;;) {
                int offset = dir->len, error_code = 0;
                char *gitdir_path = NULL;
                char *gitfile = NULL;

                if (offset > min_offset)
                        strbuf_addch(dir, '/');
                strbuf_addstr(dir, DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
                gitdirenv = read_gitfile_gently(dir->buf, die_on_error ?
                                                NULL : &error_code);
                if (!gitdirenv) {
                        if (die_on_error ||
                            error_code == READ_GITFILE_ERR_NOT_A_FILE) {
                                /* NEEDSWORK: fail if .git is not file nor dir */
                                if (is_git_directory(dir->buf)) {
                                        gitdirenv = DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT;
                                        gitdir_path = xstrdup(dir->buf);
                                }
                        } else if (error_code != READ_GITFILE_ERR_STAT_FAILED)
                                return GIT_DIR_INVALID_GITFILE;
                } else
                        gitfile = xstrdup(dir->buf);
                /*
                 * Earlier, we tentatively added DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT
                 * to check that directory for a repository.
                 * Now trim that tentative addition away, because we want to
                 * focus on the real directory we are in.
                 */
                strbuf_setlen(dir, offset);
                if (gitdirenv) {
                        enum discovery_result ret;
                        const char *gitdir_candidate =
                                gitdir_path ? gitdir_path : gitdirenv;

                        if (ensure_valid_ownership(gitfile, dir->buf,
                                                   gitdir_candidate, report)) {
                                strbuf_addstr(gitdir, gitdirenv);
                                ret = GIT_DIR_DISCOVERED;
                        } else
                                ret = GIT_DIR_INVALID_OWNERSHIP;

                        /*
                         * Earlier, during discovery, we might have allocated
                         * string copies for gitdir_path or gitfile so make
                         * sure we don't leak by freeing them now, before
                         * leaving the loop and function.
                         *
                         * Note: gitdirenv will be non-NULL whenever these are
                         * allocated, therefore we need not take care of releasing
                         * them outside of this conditional block.
                         */
                        free(gitdir_path);
                        free(gitfile);

                        return ret;
                }

                if (is_git_directory(dir->buf)) {
                        trace2_data_string("setup", NULL, "implicit-bare-repository", dir->buf);
                        if (get_allowed_bare_repo() == ALLOWED_BARE_REPO_EXPLICIT &&
                            !is_implicit_bare_repo(dir->buf))
                                return GIT_DIR_DISALLOWED_BARE;
                        if (!ensure_valid_ownership(NULL, NULL, dir->buf, report))
                                return GIT_DIR_INVALID_OWNERSHIP;
                        strbuf_addstr(gitdir, ".");
                        return GIT_DIR_BARE;
                }

                if (offset <= min_offset)
                        return GIT_DIR_HIT_CEILING;

                while (--offset > ceil_offset && !is_dir_sep(dir->buf[offset]))
                        ; /* continue */
                if (offset <= ceil_offset)
                        return GIT_DIR_HIT_CEILING;

                strbuf_setlen(dir, offset > min_offset ?  offset : min_offset);
                if (one_filesystem &&
                    current_device != get_device_or_die(dir->buf, NULL, offset))
                        return GIT_DIR_HIT_MOUNT_POINT;
        }
}

enum discovery_result discover_git_directory_reason(struct strbuf *commondir,
                                                    struct strbuf *gitdir)
{
        struct strbuf dir = STRBUF_INIT, err = STRBUF_INIT;
        size_t gitdir_offset = gitdir->len, cwd_len;
        size_t commondir_offset = commondir->len;
        struct repository_format candidate = REPOSITORY_FORMAT_INIT;
        enum discovery_result result;

        if (strbuf_getcwd(&dir))
                return GIT_DIR_CWD_FAILURE;

        cwd_len = dir.len;
        result = setup_git_directory_gently_1(&dir, gitdir, NULL, 0);
        if (result <= 0) {
                strbuf_release(&dir);
                return result;
        }

        /*
         * The returned gitdir is relative to dir, and if dir does not reflect
         * the current working directory, we simply make the gitdir absolute.
         */
        if (dir.len < cwd_len && !is_absolute_path(gitdir->buf + gitdir_offset)) {
                /* Avoid a trailing "/." */
                if (!strcmp(".", gitdir->buf + gitdir_offset))
                        strbuf_setlen(gitdir, gitdir_offset);
                else
                        strbuf_addch(&dir, '/');
                strbuf_insert(gitdir, gitdir_offset, dir.buf, dir.len);
        }

        get_common_dir(commondir, gitdir->buf + gitdir_offset);

        strbuf_reset(&dir);
        strbuf_addf(&dir, "%s/config", commondir->buf + commondir_offset);
        read_repository_format(&candidate, dir.buf);
        strbuf_release(&dir);

        if (verify_repository_format(&candidate, &err) < 0) {
                warning("ignoring git dir '%s': %s",
                        gitdir->buf + gitdir_offset, err.buf);
                strbuf_release(&err);
                strbuf_setlen(commondir, commondir_offset);
                strbuf_setlen(gitdir, gitdir_offset);
                clear_repository_format(&candidate);
                return GIT_DIR_INVALID_FORMAT;
        }

        clear_repository_format(&candidate);
        return result;
}

const char *setup_git_directory_gently(int *nongit_ok)
{
        static struct strbuf cwd = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct strbuf dir = STRBUF_INIT, gitdir = STRBUF_INIT, report = STRBUF_INIT;
        const char *prefix = NULL;
        struct repository_format repo_fmt = REPOSITORY_FORMAT_INIT;

        /*
         * We may have read an incomplete configuration before
         * setting-up the git directory. If so, clear the cache so
         * that the next queries to the configuration reload complete
         * configuration (including the per-repo config file that we
         * ignored previously).
         */
        git_config_clear();

        /*
         * Let's assume that we are in a git repository.
         * If it turns out later that we are somewhere else, the value will be
         * updated accordingly.
         */
        if (nongit_ok)
                *nongit_ok = 0;

        if (strbuf_getcwd(&cwd))
                die_errno(_("Unable to read current working directory"));
        strbuf_addbuf(&dir, &cwd);

        switch (setup_git_directory_gently_1(&dir, &gitdir, &report, 1)) {
        case GIT_DIR_EXPLICIT:
                prefix = setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdir.buf, &cwd, &repo_fmt, nongit_ok);
                break;
        case GIT_DIR_DISCOVERED:
                if (dir.len < cwd.len && chdir(dir.buf))
                        die(_("cannot change to '%s'"), dir.buf);
                prefix = setup_discovered_git_dir(gitdir.buf, &cwd, dir.len,
                                                  &repo_fmt, nongit_ok);
                break;
        case GIT_DIR_BARE:
                if (dir.len < cwd.len && chdir(dir.buf))
                        die(_("cannot change to '%s'"), dir.buf);
                prefix = setup_bare_git_dir(&cwd, dir.len, &repo_fmt, nongit_ok);
                break;
        case GIT_DIR_HIT_CEILING:
                if (!nongit_ok)
                        die(_("not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): %s"),
                            DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
                *nongit_ok = 1;
                break;
        case GIT_DIR_HIT_MOUNT_POINT:
                if (!nongit_ok)
                        die(_("not a git repository (or any parent up to mount point %s)\n"
                              "Stopping at filesystem boundary (GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM not set)."),
                            dir.buf);
                *nongit_ok = 1;
                break;
        case GIT_DIR_INVALID_OWNERSHIP:
                if (!nongit_ok) {
                        struct strbuf quoted = STRBUF_INIT;

                        strbuf_complete(&report, '\n');
                        sq_quote_buf_pretty(&quoted, dir.buf);
                        die(_("detected dubious ownership in repository at '%s'\n"
                              "%s"
                              "To add an exception for this directory, call:\n"
                              "\n"
                              "\tgit config --global --add safe.directory %s"),
                            dir.buf, report.buf, quoted.buf);
                }
                *nongit_ok = 1;
                break;
        case GIT_DIR_DISALLOWED_BARE:
                if (!nongit_ok) {
                        die(_("cannot use bare repository '%s' (safe.bareRepository is '%s')"),
                            dir.buf,
                            allowed_bare_repo_to_string(get_allowed_bare_repo()));
                }
                *nongit_ok = 1;
                break;
        case GIT_DIR_CWD_FAILURE:
        case GIT_DIR_INVALID_FORMAT:
                /*
                 * As a safeguard against setup_git_directory_gently_1 returning
                 * these values, fallthrough to BUG. Otherwise it is possible to
                 * set startup_info->have_repository to 1 when we did nothing to
                 * find a repository.
                 */
        default:
                BUG("unhandled setup_git_directory_gently_1() result");
        }

        /*
         * At this point, nongit_ok is stable. If it is non-NULL and points
         * to a non-zero value, then this means that we haven't found a
         * repository and that the caller expects startup_info to reflect
         * this.
         *
         * Regardless of the state of nongit_ok, startup_info->prefix and
         * the GIT_PREFIX environment variable must always match. For details
         * see Documentation/config/alias.txt.
         */
        if (nongit_ok && *nongit_ok)
                startup_info->have_repository = 0;
        else
                startup_info->have_repository = 1;

        /*
         * Not all paths through the setup code will call 'set_git_dir()' (which
         * directly sets up the environment) so in order to guarantee that the
         * environment is in a consistent state after setup, explicitly setup
         * the environment if we have a repository.
         *
         * NEEDSWORK: currently we allow bogus GIT_DIR values to be set in some
         * code paths so we also need to explicitly setup the environment if
         * the user has set GIT_DIR.  It may be beneficial to disallow bogus
         * GIT_DIR values at some point in the future.
         */
        if (/* GIT_DIR_EXPLICIT, GIT_DIR_DISCOVERED, GIT_DIR_BARE */
            startup_info->have_repository ||
            /* GIT_DIR_EXPLICIT */
            getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT)) {
                if (!the_repository->gitdir) {
                        const char *gitdir = getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
                        if (!gitdir)
                                gitdir = DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT;
                        setup_git_env(gitdir);
                }
                if (startup_info->have_repository) {
                        repo_set_hash_algo(the_repository, repo_fmt.hash_algo);
                        repo_set_ref_storage_format(the_repository,
                                                    repo_fmt.ref_storage_format);
                        the_repository->repository_format_worktree_config =
                                repo_fmt.worktree_config;
                        /* take ownership of repo_fmt.partial_clone */
                        the_repository->repository_format_partial_clone =
                                repo_fmt.partial_clone;
                        repo_fmt.partial_clone = NULL;
                }
        }
        /*
         * Since precompose_string_if_needed() needs to look at
         * the core.precomposeunicode configuration, this
         * has to happen after the above block that finds
         * out where the repository is, i.e. a preparation
         * for calling git_config_get_bool().
         */
        if (prefix) {
                prefix = precompose_string_if_needed(prefix);
                startup_info->prefix = prefix;
                setenv(GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT, prefix, 1);
        } else {
                startup_info->prefix = NULL;
                setenv(GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT, "", 1);
        }

        setup_original_cwd();

        strbuf_release(&dir);
        strbuf_release(&gitdir);
        strbuf_release(&report);
        clear_repository_format(&repo_fmt);

        return prefix;
}

int git_config_perm(const char *var, const char *value)
{
        int i;
        char *endptr;

        if (!value)
                return PERM_GROUP;

        if (!strcmp(value, "umask"))
                return PERM_UMASK;
        if (!strcmp(value, "group"))
                return PERM_GROUP;
        if (!strcmp(value, "all") ||
            !strcmp(value, "world") ||
            !strcmp(value, "everybody"))
                return PERM_EVERYBODY;

        /* Parse octal numbers */
        i = strtol(value, &endptr, 8);

        /* If not an octal number, maybe true/false? */
        if (*endptr != 0)
                return git_config_bool(var, value) ? PERM_GROUP : PERM_UMASK;

        /*
         * Treat values 0, 1 and 2 as compatibility cases, otherwise it is
         * a chmod value to restrict to.
         */
        switch (i) {
        case PERM_UMASK:               /* 0 */
                return PERM_UMASK;
        case OLD_PERM_GROUP:           /* 1 */
                return PERM_GROUP;
        case OLD_PERM_EVERYBODY:       /* 2 */
                return PERM_EVERYBODY;
        }

        /* A filemode value was given: 0xxx */

        if ((i & 0600) != 0600)
                die(_("problem with core.sharedRepository filemode value "
                    "(0%.3o).\nThe owner of files must always have "
                    "read and write permissions."), i);

        /*
         * Mask filemode value. Others can not get write permission.
         * x flags for directories are handled separately.
         */
        return -(i & 0666);
}

void check_repository_format(struct repository_format *fmt)
{
        struct repository_format repo_fmt = REPOSITORY_FORMAT_INIT;
        if (!fmt)
                fmt = &repo_fmt;
        check_repository_format_gently(get_git_dir(), fmt, NULL);
        startup_info->have_repository = 1;
        repo_set_hash_algo(the_repository, fmt->hash_algo);
        repo_set_ref_storage_format(the_repository,
                                    fmt->ref_storage_format);
        the_repository->repository_format_worktree_config =
                fmt->worktree_config;
        the_repository->repository_format_partial_clone =
                xstrdup_or_null(fmt->partial_clone);
        clear_repository_format(&repo_fmt);
}

/*
 * Returns the "prefix", a path to the current working directory
 * relative to the work tree root, or NULL, if the current working
 * directory is not a strict subdirectory of the work tree root. The
 * prefix always ends with a '/' character.
 */
const char *setup_git_directory(void)
{
        return setup_git_directory_gently(NULL);
}

const char *resolve_gitdir_gently(const char *suspect, int *return_error_code)
{
        if (is_git_directory(suspect))
                return suspect;
        return read_gitfile_gently(suspect, return_error_code);
}

/* if any standard file descriptor is missing open it to /dev/null */
void sanitize_stdfds(void)
{
        int fd = xopen("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
        while (fd < 2)
                fd = xdup(fd);
        if (fd > 2)
                close(fd);
}

int daemonize(void)
{
#ifdef NO_POSIX_GOODIES
        errno = ENOSYS;
        return -1;
#else
        switch (fork()) {
                case 0:
                        break;
                case -1:
                        die_errno(_("fork failed"));
                default:
                        exit(0);
        }
        if (setsid() == -1)
                die_errno(_("setsid failed"));
        close(0);
        close(1);
        close(2);
        sanitize_stdfds();
        return 0;
#endif
}

#ifdef NO_TRUSTABLE_FILEMODE
#define TEST_FILEMODE 0
#else
#define TEST_FILEMODE 1
#endif

#define GIT_DEFAULT_HASH_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_DEFAULT_HASH"

static void copy_templates_1(struct strbuf *path, struct strbuf *template_path,
                             DIR *dir)
{
        size_t path_baselen = path->len;
        size_t template_baselen = template_path->len;
        struct dirent *de;

        /* Note: if ".git/hooks" file exists in the repository being
         * re-initialized, /etc/core-git/templates/hooks/update would
         * cause "git init" to fail here.  I think this is sane but
         * it means that the set of templates we ship by default, along
         * with the way the namespace under .git/ is organized, should
         * be really carefully chosen.
         */
        safe_create_dir(path->buf, 1);
        while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
                struct stat st_git, st_template;
                int exists = 0;

                strbuf_setlen(path, path_baselen);
                strbuf_setlen(template_path, template_baselen);

                if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
                        continue;
                strbuf_addstr(path, de->d_name);
                strbuf_addstr(template_path, de->d_name);
                if (lstat(path->buf, &st_git)) {
                        if (errno != ENOENT)
                                die_errno(_("cannot stat '%s'"), path->buf);
                }
                else
                        exists = 1;

                if (lstat(template_path->buf, &st_template))
                        die_errno(_("cannot stat template '%s'"), template_path->buf);

                if (S_ISDIR(st_template.st_mode)) {
                        DIR *subdir = opendir(template_path->buf);
                        if (!subdir)
                                die_errno(_("cannot opendir '%s'"), template_path->buf);
                        strbuf_addch(path, '/');
                        strbuf_addch(template_path, '/');
                        copy_templates_1(path, template_path, subdir);
                        closedir(subdir);
                }
                else if (exists)
                        continue;
                else if (S_ISLNK(st_template.st_mode)) {
                        struct strbuf lnk = STRBUF_INIT;
                        if (strbuf_readlink(&lnk, template_path->buf,
                                            st_template.st_size) < 0)
                                die_errno(_("cannot readlink '%s'"), template_path->buf);
                        if (symlink(lnk.buf, path->buf))
                                die_errno(_("cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"),
                                          lnk.buf, path->buf);
                        strbuf_release(&lnk);
                }
                else if (S_ISREG(st_template.st_mode)) {
                        if (copy_file(path->buf, template_path->buf, st_template.st_mode))
                                die_errno(_("cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"),
                                          template_path->buf, path->buf);
                }
                else
                        error(_("ignoring template %s"), template_path->buf);
        }
}

static void copy_templates(const char *template_dir, const char *init_template_dir)
{
        struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct strbuf template_path = STRBUF_INIT;
        size_t template_len;
        struct repository_format template_format = REPOSITORY_FORMAT_INIT;
        struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
        DIR *dir;
        char *to_free = NULL;

        if (!template_dir)
                template_dir = getenv(TEMPLATE_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
        if (!template_dir)
                template_dir = init_template_dir;
        if (!template_dir)
                template_dir = to_free = system_path(DEFAULT_GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR);
        if (!template_dir[0]) {
                free(to_free);
                return;
        }

        strbuf_addstr(&template_path, template_dir);
        strbuf_complete(&template_path, '/');
        template_len = template_path.len;

        dir = opendir(template_path.buf);
        if (!dir) {
                warning(_("templates not found in %s"), template_dir);
                goto free_return;
        }

        /* Make sure that template is from the correct vintage */
        strbuf_addstr(&template_path, "config");
        read_repository_format(&template_format, template_path.buf);
        strbuf_setlen(&template_path, template_len);

        /*
         * No mention of version at all is OK, but anything else should be
         * verified.
         */
        if (template_format.version >= 0 &&
            verify_repository_format(&template_format, &err) < 0) {
                warning(_("not copying templates from '%s': %s"),
                          template_dir, err.buf);
                strbuf_release(&err);
                goto close_free_return;
        }

        strbuf_addstr(&path, get_git_common_dir());
        strbuf_complete(&path, '/');
        copy_templates_1(&path, &template_path, dir);
close_free_return:
        closedir(dir);
free_return:
        free(to_free);
        strbuf_release(&path);
        strbuf_release(&template_path);
        clear_repository_format(&template_format);
}

/*
 * If the git_dir is not directly inside the working tree, then git will not
 * find it by default, and we need to set the worktree explicitly.
 */
static int needs_work_tree_config(const char *git_dir, const char *work_tree)
{
        if (!strcmp(work_tree, "/") && !strcmp(git_dir, "/.git"))
                return 0;
        if (skip_prefix(git_dir, work_tree, &git_dir) &&
            !strcmp(git_dir, "/.git"))
                return 0;
        return 1;
}

void initialize_repository_version(int hash_algo,
                                   unsigned int ref_storage_format,
                                   int reinit)
{
        char repo_version_string[10];
        int repo_version = GIT_REPO_VERSION;

        /*
         * Note that we initialize the repository version to 1 when the ref
         * storage format is unknown. This is on purpose so that we can add the
         * correct object format to the config during git-clone(1). The format
         * version will get adjusted by git-clone(1) once it has learned about
         * the remote repository's format.
         */
        if (hash_algo != GIT_HASH_SHA1 ||
            ref_storage_format != REF_STORAGE_FORMAT_FILES)
                repo_version = GIT_REPO_VERSION_READ;

        /* This forces creation of new config file */
        xsnprintf(repo_version_string, sizeof(repo_version_string),
                  "%d", repo_version);
        git_config_set("core.repositoryformatversion", repo_version_string);

        if (hash_algo != GIT_HASH_SHA1 && hash_algo != GIT_HASH_UNKNOWN)
                git_config_set("extensions.objectformat",
                               hash_algos[hash_algo].name);
        else if (reinit)
                git_config_set_gently("extensions.objectformat", NULL);

        if (ref_storage_format != REF_STORAGE_FORMAT_FILES)
                git_config_set("extensions.refstorage",
                               ref_storage_format_to_name(ref_storage_format));
}

static int is_reinit(void)
{
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        char junk[2];
        int ret;

        git_path_buf(&buf, "HEAD");
        ret = !access(buf.buf, R_OK) || readlink(buf.buf, junk, sizeof(junk) - 1) != -1;
        strbuf_release(&buf);
        return ret;
}

void create_reference_database(unsigned int ref_storage_format,
                               const char *initial_branch, int quiet)
{
        struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
        int reinit = is_reinit();

        repo_set_ref_storage_format(the_repository, ref_storage_format);
        if (refs_init_db(get_main_ref_store(the_repository), 0, &err))
                die("failed to set up refs db: %s", err.buf);

        /*
         * Point the HEAD symref to the initial branch with if HEAD does
         * not yet exist.
         */
        if (!reinit) {
                char *ref;

                if (!initial_branch)
                        initial_branch = git_default_branch_name(quiet);

                ref = xstrfmt("refs/heads/%s", initial_branch);
                if (check_refname_format(ref, 0) < 0)
                        die(_("invalid initial branch name: '%s'"),
                            initial_branch);

                if (create_symref("HEAD", ref, NULL) < 0)
                        exit(1);
                free(ref);
        }

        if (reinit && initial_branch)
                warning(_("re-init: ignored --initial-branch=%s"),
                        initial_branch);

        strbuf_release(&err);
}

static int create_default_files(const char *template_path,
                                const char *original_git_dir,
                                const struct repository_format *fmt,
                                int init_shared_repository)
{
        struct stat st1;
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        char *path;
        int reinit;
        int filemode;
        const char *init_template_dir = NULL;
        const char *work_tree = get_git_work_tree();

        /*
         * First copy the templates -- we might have the default
         * config file there, in which case we would want to read
         * from it after installing.
         *
         * Before reading that config, we also need to clear out any cached
         * values (since we've just potentially changed what's available on
         * disk).
         */
        git_config_get_pathname("init.templatedir", &init_template_dir);
        copy_templates(template_path, init_template_dir);
        free((char *)init_template_dir);
        git_config_clear();
        reset_shared_repository();
        git_config(git_default_config, NULL);

        reinit = is_reinit();

        /*
         * We must make sure command-line options continue to override any
         * values we might have just re-read from the config.
         */
        if (init_shared_repository != -1)
                set_shared_repository(init_shared_repository);

        is_bare_repository_cfg = !work_tree;

        /*
         * We would have created the above under user's umask -- under
         * shared-repository settings, we would need to fix them up.
         */
        if (get_shared_repository()) {
                adjust_shared_perm(get_git_dir());
        }

        initialize_repository_version(fmt->hash_algo, fmt->ref_storage_format, 0);

        /* Check filemode trustability */
        path = git_path_buf(&buf, "config");
        filemode = TEST_FILEMODE;
        if (TEST_FILEMODE && !lstat(path, &st1)) {
                struct stat st2;
                filemode = (!chmod(path, st1.st_mode ^ S_IXUSR) &&
                                !lstat(path, &st2) &&
                                st1.st_mode != st2.st_mode &&
                                !chmod(path, st1.st_mode));
                if (filemode && !reinit && (st1.st_mode & S_IXUSR))
                        filemode = 0;
        }
        git_config_set("core.filemode", filemode ? "true" : "false");

        if (is_bare_repository())
                git_config_set("core.bare", "true");
        else {
                git_config_set("core.bare", "false");
                /* allow template config file to override the default */
                if (log_all_ref_updates == LOG_REFS_UNSET)
                        git_config_set("core.logallrefupdates", "true");
                if (needs_work_tree_config(original_git_dir, work_tree))
                        git_config_set("core.worktree", work_tree);
        }

        if (!reinit) {
                /* Check if symlink is supported in the work tree */
                path = git_path_buf(&buf, "tXXXXXX");
                if (!close(xmkstemp(path)) &&
                    !unlink(path) &&
                    !symlink("testing", path) &&
                    !lstat(path, &st1) &&
                    S_ISLNK(st1.st_mode))
                        unlink(path); /* good */
                else
                        git_config_set("core.symlinks", "false");

                /* Check if the filesystem is case-insensitive */
                path = git_path_buf(&buf, "CoNfIg");
                if (!access(path, F_OK))
                        git_config_set("core.ignorecase", "true");
                probe_utf8_pathname_composition();
        }

        strbuf_release(&buf);
        return reinit;
}

static void create_object_directory(void)
{
        struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
        size_t baselen;

        strbuf_addstr(&path, get_object_directory());
        baselen = path.len;

        safe_create_dir(path.buf, 1);

        strbuf_setlen(&path, baselen);
        strbuf_addstr(&path, "/pack");
        safe_create_dir(path.buf, 1);

        strbuf_setlen(&path, baselen);
        strbuf_addstr(&path, "/info");
        safe_create_dir(path.buf, 1);

        strbuf_release(&path);
}

static void separate_git_dir(const char *git_dir, const char *git_link)
{
        struct stat st;

        if (!stat(git_link, &st)) {
                const char *src;

                if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
                        src = read_gitfile(git_link);
                else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
                        src = git_link;
                else
                        die(_("unable to handle file type %d"), (int)st.st_mode);

                if (rename(src, git_dir))
                        die_errno(_("unable to move %s to %s"), src, git_dir);
                repair_worktrees(NULL, NULL);
        }

        write_file(git_link, "gitdir: %s", git_dir);
}

static void validate_hash_algorithm(struct repository_format *repo_fmt, int hash)
{
        const char *env = getenv(GIT_DEFAULT_HASH_ENVIRONMENT);
        /*
         * If we already have an initialized repo, don't allow the user to
         * specify a different algorithm, as that could cause corruption.
         * Otherwise, if the user has specified one on the command line, use it.
         */
        if (repo_fmt->version >= 0 && hash != GIT_HASH_UNKNOWN && hash != repo_fmt->hash_algo)
                die(_("attempt to reinitialize repository with different hash"));
        else if (hash != GIT_HASH_UNKNOWN)
                repo_fmt->hash_algo = hash;
        else if (env) {
                int env_algo = hash_algo_by_name(env);
                if (env_algo == GIT_HASH_UNKNOWN)
                        die(_("unknown hash algorithm '%s'"), env);
                repo_fmt->hash_algo = env_algo;
        }
}

static void validate_ref_storage_format(struct repository_format *repo_fmt,
                                        unsigned int format)
{
        const char *name = getenv("GIT_DEFAULT_REF_FORMAT");

        if (repo_fmt->version >= 0 &&
            format != REF_STORAGE_FORMAT_UNKNOWN &&
            format != repo_fmt->ref_storage_format) {
                die(_("attempt to reinitialize repository with different reference storage format"));
        } else if (format != REF_STORAGE_FORMAT_UNKNOWN) {
                repo_fmt->ref_storage_format = format;
        } else if (name) {
                format = ref_storage_format_by_name(name);
                if (format == REF_STORAGE_FORMAT_UNKNOWN)
                        die(_("unknown ref storage format '%s'"), name);
                repo_fmt->ref_storage_format = format;
        }
}

int init_db(const char *git_dir, const char *real_git_dir,
            const char *template_dir, int hash,
            unsigned int ref_storage_format,
            const char *initial_branch,
            int init_shared_repository, unsigned int flags)
{
        int reinit;
        int exist_ok = flags & INIT_DB_EXIST_OK;
        char *original_git_dir = real_pathdup(git_dir, 1);
        struct repository_format repo_fmt = REPOSITORY_FORMAT_INIT;

        if (real_git_dir) {
                struct stat st;

                if (!exist_ok && !stat(git_dir, &st))
                        die(_("%s already exists"), git_dir);

                if (!exist_ok && !stat(real_git_dir, &st))
                        die(_("%s already exists"), real_git_dir);

                set_git_dir(real_git_dir, 1);
                git_dir = get_git_dir();
                separate_git_dir(git_dir, original_git_dir);
        }
        else {
                set_git_dir(git_dir, 1);
                git_dir = get_git_dir();
        }
        startup_info->have_repository = 1;

        /* Ensure `core.hidedotfiles` is processed */
        git_config(platform_core_config, NULL);

        safe_create_dir(git_dir, 0);


        /* Check to see if the repository version is right.
         * Note that a newly created repository does not have
         * config file, so this will not fail.  What we are catching
         * is an attempt to reinitialize new repository with an old tool.
         */
        check_repository_format(&repo_fmt);

        validate_hash_algorithm(&repo_fmt, hash);
        validate_ref_storage_format(&repo_fmt, ref_storage_format);

        reinit = create_default_files(template_dir, original_git_dir,
                                      &repo_fmt, init_shared_repository);

        /*
         * Now that we have set up both the hash algorithm and the ref storage
         * format we can update the repository's settings accordingly.
         */
        repo_set_hash_algo(the_repository, repo_fmt.hash_algo);
        repo_set_ref_storage_format(the_repository, repo_fmt.ref_storage_format);

        if (!(flags & INIT_DB_SKIP_REFDB))
                create_reference_database(repo_fmt.ref_storage_format,
                                          initial_branch, flags & INIT_DB_QUIET);
        create_object_directory();

        if (get_shared_repository()) {
                char buf[10];
                /* We do not spell "group" and such, so that
                 * the configuration can be read by older version
                 * of git. Note, we use octal numbers for new share modes,
                 * and compatibility values for PERM_GROUP and
                 * PERM_EVERYBODY.
                 */
                if (get_shared_repository() < 0)
                        /* force to the mode value */
                        xsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "0%o", -get_shared_repository());
                else if (get_shared_repository() == PERM_GROUP)
                        xsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", OLD_PERM_GROUP);
                else if (get_shared_repository() == PERM_EVERYBODY)
                        xsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", OLD_PERM_EVERYBODY);
                else
                        BUG("invalid value for shared_repository");
                git_config_set("core.sharedrepository", buf);
                git_config_set("receive.denyNonFastforwards", "true");
        }

        if (!(flags & INIT_DB_QUIET)) {
                int len = strlen(git_dir);

                if (reinit)
                        printf(get_shared_repository()
                               ? _("Reinitialized existing shared Git repository in %s%s\n")
                               : _("Reinitialized existing Git repository in %s%s\n"),
                               git_dir, len && git_dir[len-1] != '/' ? "/" : "");
                else
                        printf(get_shared_repository()
                               ? _("Initialized empty shared Git repository in %s%s\n")
                               : _("Initialized empty Git repository in %s%s\n"),
                               git_dir, len && git_dir[len-1] != '/' ? "/" : "");
        }

        clear_repository_format(&repo_fmt);
        free(original_git_dir);
        return 0;
}