1 Reviewing Patches in the Git Project
2 ====================================
6 The Git development community is a widely distributed, diverse, ever-changing
7 group of individuals. Asynchronous communication via the Git mailing list poses
8 unique challenges when reviewing or discussing patches. This document contains
9 some guiding principles and helpful tools you can use to make your reviews both
10 more efficient for yourself and more effective for other contributors.
12 Note that none of the recommendations here are binding or in any way a
13 requirement of participation in the Git community. They are provided as a
14 resource to supplement your skills as a contributor.
19 Selecting patch(es) to review
20 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
21 If you are looking for a patch series in need of review, start by checking
22 the latest "What's cooking in git.git" email
23 (https://lore.kernel.org/git/xmqqilm1yp3m.fsf@gitster.g/[example]). The "What's
24 cooking" emails & replies can be found using the query `s:"What's cooking"` on
25 the https://lore.kernel.org/git/[`lore.kernel.org` mailing list archive];
26 alternatively, you can find the contents of the "What's cooking" email tracked
27 in `whats-cooking.txt` on the `todo` branch of Git. Topics tagged with "Needs
28 review" and those in the "[New Topics]" section are typically those that would
29 benefit the most from additional review.
31 Patches can also be searched manually in the mailing list archive using a query
32 like `s:"PATCH" -s:"Re:"`. You can browse these results for topics relevant to
33 your expertise or interest.
35 If you've already contributed to Git, you may also be CC'd in another
36 contributor's patch series. These are topics where the author feels that your
37 attention is warranted. This may be because their patch changes something you
38 wrote previously (making you a good judge of whether the new approach does or
39 doesn't work), or because you have the expertise to provide an exceptionally
40 helpful review. There is no requirement to review these patches but, in the
41 spirit of open source collaboration, you should strongly consider doing so.
45 While every contributor takes their own approach to reviewing patches, here are
46 some general pieces of advice to make your reviews as clear and helpful as
47 possible. The advice is broken into two rough categories: high-level reviewing
48 guidance, and concrete tips for interacting with patches on the mailing list.
50 ==== High-level guidance
51 - Remember to review the content of commit messages for correctness and clarity,
52 in addition to the code change in the patch's diff. The commit message of a
53 patch should accurately and fully explain the code change being made in the
56 - Reviewing test coverage is an important - but easy to overlook - component of
57 reviews. A patch's changes may be covered by existing tests, or new tests may
58 be introduced to exercise new behavior. Checking out a patch or series locally
59 allows you to manually mutate lines of new & existing tests to verify expected
60 pass/fail behavior. You can use this information to verify proper coverage or
61 to suggest additional tests the author could add.
63 - When providing a recommendation, be as clear as possible about whether you
64 consider it "blocking" (the code would be broken or otherwise made worse if an
65 issue isn't fixed) or "non-blocking" (the patch could be made better by taking
66 the recommendation, but acceptance of the series does not require it).
67 Non-blocking recommendations can be particularly ambiguous when they are
68 related to - but outside the scope of - a series ("nice-to-have"s), or when
69 they represent only stylistic differences between the author and reviewer.
71 - When commenting on an issue, try to include suggestions for how the author
72 could fix it. This not only helps the author to understand and fix the issue,
73 it also deepens and improves your understanding of the topic.
75 - Reviews do not need to exclusively point out problems. Feel free to "think out
76 loud" in your review: describe how you read & understood a complex section of
77 a patch, ask a question about something that confused you, point out something
78 you found exceptionally well-written, etc. In particular, uplifting feedback
79 goes a long way towards encouraging contributors to participate more actively
82 ==== Performing your review
83 - Provide your review comments per-patch in a plaintext "Reply-All" email to the
84 relevant patch. Comments should be made inline, immediately below the relevant
87 - You may find that the limited context provided in the patch diff is sometimes
88 insufficient for a thorough review. In such cases, you can review patches in
89 your local tree by either applying patches with linkgit:git-am[1] or checking
90 out the associated branch from https://github.com/gitster/git once the series
93 - Large, complicated patch diffs are sometimes unavoidable, such as when they
94 refactor existing code. If you find such a patch difficult to parse, try
95 reviewing the diff produced with the `--color-moved` and/or
96 `--ignore-space-change` options.
98 - If a patch is long, you are encouraged to delete parts of it that are
99 unrelated to your review from the email reply. Make sure to leave enough
100 context for readers to understand your comments!
102 - If you cannot complete a full review of a series all at once, consider letting
103 the author know (on- or off-list) if/when you plan to review the rest of the
108 Once each patch of a series is reviewed, the author (and/or other contributors)
109 may discuss the review(s). This may result in no changes being applied, or the
110 author will send a new version of their patch(es).
112 After a series is rerolled in response to your or others' review, make sure to
113 re-review the updates. If you are happy with the state of the patch series,
114 explicitly indicate your approval (typically with a reply to the latest
115 version's cover letter). Optionally, you can let the author know that they can
116 add a "Reviewed-by: <you>" trailer if they resubmit the reviewed patch verbatim
117 in a later iteration of the series.
119 Finally, subsequent "What's cooking" emails may explicitly ask whether a
120 reviewed topic is ready for merging to the `next` branch (typically phrased
121 "Will merge to \'next\'?"). You can help the maintainer and author by responding
122 with a short description of the state of your (and others', if applicable)
123 review, including the links to the relevant thread(s).
128 Denotes a small issue that should be fixed, such as a typographical error
129 or misalignment of conditions in an `if()` statement.
134 Indicates to the reader that the following comment should not block the
135 acceptance of the patch or series. These are typically recommendations
136 related to code organization & style, or musings about topics related to
137 the patch in question, but beyond its scope.
139 s/<before>/<after>/::
140 Shorthand for "you wrote <before>, but I think you meant <after>," usually
141 for misspellings or other typographical errors. The syntax is a reference
142 to "substitute" command commonly found in Unix tools such as `ed`, `sed`,
146 The "Patch 0" of a multi-patch series. This email describes the
147 high-level intent and structure of the patch series to readers on the
148 Git mailing list. It is also where the changelog notes and range-diff of
149 subsequent versions are provided by the author.
151 On single-patch submissions, cover letter content is typically not sent as a
152 separate email. Instead, it is inserted between the end of the patch's commit
153 message (after the `---`) and the beginning of the diff.
156 Used by either an author or a reviewer to describe features or suggested
157 changes that are out-of-scope of a given patch or series, but are relevant
158 to the topic for the sake of discussion.
162 link:MyFirstContribution.html[MyFirstContribution]