src/Utils/UnicodeUtils.cpp

   1 // TortoiseGit - a Windows shell extension for easy version control
   2
   3 // Copyright (C) 2009-2014, 2016 - TortoiseGit
   4 // Copyright (C) 2003-2006, 2008 - TortoiseSVN
   5
   6 // This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   7 // modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   8 // as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
   9 // of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
  10
  11 // This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  12 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  13 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  14 // GNU General Public License for more details.
  15
  16 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  17 // along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  18 // 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  19 //
  20 #include "stdafx.h"
  21 #include "UnicodeUtils.h"
  22
  23 #if defined(_MFC_VER) || defined(CSTRING_AVAILABLE)
  24
  25 struct CodeMap
  26 {
  27         int m_Code;
  28         TCHAR * m_CodeName;
  29 };
  30 int CUnicodeUtils::GetCPCode(const CString &codename)
  31 {
  32         static CodeMap map[]=
  33         {
  34                 { 37, L"IBM037"},// IBM EBCDIC US-Canada
  35                 {437, L"IBM437"},// OEM United States
  36                 {500, L"IBM500"},// IBM EBCDIC International
  37                 {708, L"ASMO-708"},// Arabic (ASMO 708)
  38                 {709, L"Arabic"},// (ASMO-449+, BCON V4)
  39                 {710, L"Arabic"},// - Transparent Arabic
  40                 {720, L"DOS-720"},// Arabic (Transparent ASMO); Arabic (DOS)
  41                 {737, L"ibm737"},// OEM Greek (formerly 437G); Greek (DOS)
  42                 {775, L"ibm775"},// OEM Baltic; Baltic (DOS)
  43                 {850, L"ibm850"},// OEM Multilingual Latin 1; Western European (DOS)
  44                 {852, L"ibm852"},// OEM Latin 2; Central European (DOS)
  45                 {855, L"IBM855"},// OEM Cyrillic (primarily Russian)
  46                 {857, L"ibm857"},// OEM Turkish; Turkish (DOS)
  47                 {858, L"IBM00858"},// OEM Multilingual Latin 1 + Euro symbol
  48                 {860, L"IBM860"},// OEM Portuguese; Portuguese (DOS)
  49                 {861, L"ibm861"},// OEM Icelandic; Icelandic (DOS)
  50                 {862, L"DOS-862"},// OEM Hebrew; Hebrew (DOS)
  51                 {863, L"IBM863"},// OEM French Canadian; French Canadian (DOS)
  52                 {864, L"IBM864"},// OEM Arabic; Arabic (864)
  53                 {865, L"IBM865"},// OEM Nordic; Nordic (DOS)
  54                 {866, L"cp866"},// OEM Russian; Cyrillic (DOS)
  55                 {869, L"ibm869"},// OEM Modern Greek; Greek, Modern (DOS)
  56                 {870, L"IBM870"},// IBM EBCDIC Multilingual/ROECE (Latin 2); IBM EBCDIC Multilingual Latin 2
  57                 {874, L"windows-874"},// ANSI/OEM Thai (same as 28605, ISO 8859-15); Thai (Windows)
  58                 {875, L"cp875"},// IBM EBCDIC Greek Modern
  59                 {932, L"shift_jis"},// ANSI/OEM Japanese; Japanese (Shift-JIS)
  60                 {936, L"gb2312"},// ANSI/OEM Simplified Chinese (PRC, Singapore); Chinese Simplified (GB2312)
  61                 {949, L"ks_c_5601-1987"},// ANSI/OEM Korean (Unified Hangul Code)
  62                 {949, L"cp949"},// ANSI/OEM Korean (Unified Hangul Code)
  63                 {950, L"big5"},// ANSI/OEM Traditional Chinese (Taiwan; Hong Kong SAR, PRC); Chinese Traditional (Big5)
  64                 {1026,L"IBM1026"},// IBM EBCDIC Turkish (Latin 5)
  65                 {1047,L"IBM01047"},// IBM EBCDIC Latin 1/Open System
  66                 {1140,L"IBM01140"},// IBM EBCDIC US-Canada (037 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (US-Canada-Euro)
  67                 {1141, L"IBM01141"},// IBM EBCDIC Germany (20273 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (Germany-Euro)
  68                 {1142, L"IBM01142"},// IBM EBCDIC Denmark-Norway (20277 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (Denmark-Norway-Euro)
  69                 {1143, L"IBM01143"},// IBM EBCDIC Finland-Sweden (20278 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (Finland-Sweden-Euro)
  70                 {1144, L"IBM01144"},// IBM EBCDIC Italy (20280 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (Italy-Euro)
  71                 {1145, L"IBM01145"},// IBM EBCDIC Latin America-Spain (20284 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (Spain-Euro)
  72                 {1146, L"IBM01146"},// IBM EBCDIC United Kingdom (20285 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (UK-Euro)
  73                 {1147, L"IBM01147"},// IBM EBCDIC France (20297 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (France-Euro)
  74                 {1148, L"IBM01148"},// IBM EBCDIC International (500 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (International-Euro)
  75                 {1149, L"IBM01149"},// IBM EBCDIC Icelandic (20871 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (Icelandic-Euro)
  76                 {1200, L"utf-16"},// Unicode UTF-16, little endian byte order (BMP of ISO 10646); available only to managed applications
  77                 {1201, L"unicodeFFFE"},// Unicode UTF-16, big endian byte order; available only to managed applications
  78                 {1250, L"windows-1250"},// ANSI Central European; Central European (Windows)
  79                 {1251, L"windows-1251"},// ANSI Cyrillic; Cyrillic (Windows)
  80                 {1251, L"cp1251"},
  81                 {1251, L"cp-1251"},
  82                 {1251, L"cp_1251"},
  83                 {1252, L"windows-1252"},// ANSI Latin 1; Western European (Windows)
  84                 {1253, L"windows-1253"},// ANSI Greek; Greek (Windows)
  85                 {1254, L"windows-1254"},// ANSI Turkish; Turkish (Windows)
  86                 {1255, L"windows-1255"},// ANSI Hebrew; Hebrew (Windows)
  87                 {1256, L"windows-1256"},// ANSI Arabic; Arabic (Windows)
  88                 {1257, L"windows-1257"},// ANSI Baltic; Baltic (Windows)
  89                 {1258, L"windows-1258"},// ANSI/OEM Vietnamese; Vietnamese (Windows)
  90                 {1361, L"Johab"},// Korean (Johab)
  91                 {10000,L"macintosh"},// MAC Roman; Western European (Mac)
  92                 {10001, L"x-mac-japanese"},// Japanese (Mac)
  93                 {10002, L"x-mac-chinesetrad"},// MAC Traditional Chinese (Big5); Chinese Traditional (Mac)
  94                 {10003, L"x-mac-korean"},// Korean (Mac)
  95                 {10004, L"x-mac-arabic"},// Arabic (Mac)
  96                 {10005, L"x-mac-hebrew"},// Hebrew (Mac)
  97                 {10006, L"x-mac-greek"},// Greek (Mac)
  98                 {10007, L"x-mac-cyrillic"},// Cyrillic (Mac)
  99                 {10008, L"x-mac-chinesesimp"},// MAC Simplified Chinese (GB 2312); Chinese Simplified (Mac)
 100                 {10010, L"x-mac-romanian"},// Romanian (Mac)
 101                 {10017, L"x-mac-ukrainian"},// Ukrainian (Mac)
 102                 {10021, L"x-mac-thai"},// Thai (Mac)
 103                 {10029, L"x-mac-ce"},// MAC Latin 2; Central European (Mac)
 104                 {10079, L"x-mac-icelandic"},// Icelandic (Mac)
 105                 {10081, L"x-mac-turkish"},// Turkish (Mac)
 106                 {10082, L"x-mac-croatian"},// Croatian (Mac)
 107                 {12000, L"utf-32"},// Unicode UTF-32, little endian byte order; available only to managed applications
 108                 {12001, L"utf-32BE"},// Unicode UTF-32, big endian byte order; available only to managed applications
 109                 {20000, L"x-Chinese_CNS"},// CNS Taiwan; Chinese Traditional (CNS)
 110                 {20001, L"x-cp20001"},// TCA Taiwan
 111                 {20002, L"x_Chinese-Eten"},// Eten Taiwan; Chinese Traditional (Eten)
 112                 {20003, L"x-cp20003"},// IBM5550 Taiwan
 113                 {20004, L"x-cp20004"},// TeleText Taiwan
 114                 {20005, L"x-cp20005"},// Wang Taiwan
 115                 {20105, L"x-IA5"},// IA5 (IRV International Alphabet No. 5, 7-bit); Western European (IA5)
 116                 {20106, L"x-IA5-German"},// IA5 German (7-bit)
 117                 {20107, L"x-IA5-Swedish"},// IA5 Swedish (7-bit)
 118                 {20108, L"x-IA5-Norwegian"},// IA5 Norwegian (7-bit)
 119                 {20127, L"us-ascii"},// US-ASCII (7-bit)
 120                 {20261, L"x-cp20261"},// T.61
 121                 {20269, L"x-cp20269"},// ISO 6937 Non-Spacing Accent
 122                 {20273, L"IBM273"},// IBM EBCDIC Germany
 123                 {20277, L"IBM277"},//IBM EBCDIC Denmark-Norway
 124                 {20278, L"IBM278"},// IBM EBCDIC Finland-Sweden
 125                 {20280, L"IBM280"},// IBM EBCDIC Italy
 126                 {20284, L"IBM284"},// IBM EBCDIC Latin America-Spain
 127                 {20285, L"IBM285"},// IBM EBCDIC United Kingdom
 128                 {20290, L"IBM290"},// IBM EBCDIC Japanese Katakana Extended
 129                 {20297, L"IBM297"},// IBM EBCDIC France
 130                 {20420, L"IBM420"},// IBM EBCDIC Arabic
 131                 {20423, L"IBM423"},// IBM EBCDIC Greek
 132                 {20424, L"IBM424"},// IBM EBCDIC Hebrew
 133                 {20833, L"x-EBCDIC-KoreanExtended"},// IBM EBCDIC Korean Extended
 134                 {20838, L"IBM-Thai"},// IBM EBCDIC Thai
 135                 {20866, L"koi8-r"},// Russian (KOI8-R); Cyrillic (KOI8-R)
 136                 {20871, L"IBM871"},// IBM EBCDIC Icelandic
 137                 {20880, L"IBM880"},// IBM EBCDIC Cyrillic Russian
 138                 {20905, L"IBM905"},// IBM EBCDIC Turkish
 139                 {20924, L"IBM00924"},// IBM EBCDIC Latin 1/Open System (1047 + Euro symbol)
 140                 {20932, L"EUC-JP"},// Japanese (JIS 0208-1990 and 0121-1990)
 141                 {20936, L"x-cp20936"},// Simplified Chinese (GB2312); Chinese Simplified (GB2312-80)
 142                 {20949, L"x-cp20949"},// Korean Wansung
 143                 {21025, L"cp1025"},// IBM EBCDIC Cyrillic Serbian-Bulgarian
 144                 {21027, L"21027"},// (deprecated)
 145                 {21866, L"koi8-u"},// Ukrainian (KOI8-U); Cyrillic (KOI8-U)
 146                 {28591, L"iso-8859-1"},// ISO 8859-1 Latin 1; Western European (ISO)
 147                 {28592, L"iso-8859-2"},// ISO 8859-2 Central European; Central European (ISO)
 148                 {28593, L"iso-8859-3"},// ISO 8859-3 Latin 3
 149                 {28594, L"iso-8859-4"},// ISO 8859-4 Baltic
 150                 {28595, L"iso-8859-5"},// ISO 8859-5 Cyrillic
 151                 {28596, L"iso-8859-6"},// ISO 8859-6 Arabic
 152                 {28597, L"iso-8859-7"},// ISO 8859-7 Greek
 153                 {28598, L"iso-8859-8"},// ISO 8859-8 Hebrew; Hebrew (ISO-Visual)
 154                 {28599, L"iso-8859-9"},// ISO 8859-9 Turkish
 155                 {28603, L"iso-8859-13"},// ISO 8859-13 Estonian
 156                 {28605, L"iso-8859-15"},// ISO 8859-15 Latin 9
 157                 {29001, L"x-Europa"},// Europa 3
 158                 {38598, L"iso-8859-8-i"},// ISO 8859-8 Hebrew; Hebrew (ISO-Logical)
 159                 {50220, L"iso-2022-jp"},// ISO 2022 Japanese with no halfwidth Katakana; Japanese (JIS)
 160                 {50221, L"csISO2022JP"},// ISO 2022 Japanese with halfwidth Katakana; Japanese (JIS-Allow 1 byte Kana)
 161                 {50222, L"iso-2022-jp"},// ISO 2022 Japanese JIS X 0201-1989; Japanese (JIS-Allow 1 byte Kana - SO/SI)
 162                 {50225, L"iso-2022-kr"},// ISO 2022 Korean
 163                 {50227, L"x-cp50227"},// ISO 2022 Simplified Chinese; Chinese Simplified (ISO 2022)
 164                 {50229, L"ISO"},// 2022 Traditional Chinese
 165                 {50930, L"EBCDIC"},// Japanese (Katakana) Extended
 166                 {50931, L"EBCDIC"},// US-Canada and Japanese
 167                 {50933, L"EBCDIC"},// Korean Extended and Korean
 168                 {50935, L"EBCDIC"},// Simplified Chinese Extended and Simplified Chinese
 169                 {50936, L"EBCDIC"},// Simplified Chinese
 170                 {50937, L"EBCDIC"},// US-Canada and Traditional Chinese
 171                 {50939, L"EBCDIC"},// Japanese (Latin) Extended and Japanese
 172                 {51932, L"euc-jp"},// EUC Japanese
 173                 {51936, L"EUC-CN"},// EUC Simplified Chinese; Chinese Simplified (EUC)
 174                 {51949, L"euc-kr"},// EUC Korean
 175                 {51950, L"EUC"},// Traditional Chinese
 176                 {52936, L"hz-gb-2312"},// HZ-GB2312 Simplified Chinese; Chinese Simplified (HZ)
 177                 {54936, L"GB18030"},// Windows XP and later: GB18030 Simplified Chinese (4 byte); Chinese Simplified (GB18030)
 178                 {57002, L"x-iscii-de"},// ISCII Devanagari
 179                 {57003, L"x-iscii-be"},// ISCII Bengali
 180                 {57004, L"x-iscii-ta"},// ISCII Tamil
 181                 {57005, L"x-iscii-te"},// ISCII Telugu
 182                 {57006, L"x-iscii-as"},// ISCII Assamese
 183                 {57007, L"x-iscii-or"},// ISCII Oriya
 184                 {57008, L"x-iscii-ka"},// ISCII Kannada
 185                 {57009, L"x-iscii-ma"},// ISCII Malayalam
 186                 {57010, L"x-iscii-gu"},// ISCII Gujarati
 187                 {57011, L"x-iscii-pa"},// ISCII Punjabi
 188                 {65000, L"utf-7"},// Unicode (UTF-7)
 189                 {65001, L"utf-8"},// Unicode (UTF-8)
 190                 {0, nullptr}
 191
 192         };
 193         static CodeMap *p=map;
 194         if (codename.IsEmpty())
 195                 return CP_UTF8;
 196         CString code(codename);
 197         code.MakeLower();
 198         while (p->m_CodeName)
 199         {
 200                 CString str = p->m_CodeName;
 201                 str=str.MakeLower();
 202
 203                 if (str == code)
 204                         return p->m_Code;
 205                 ++p;
 206         }
 207
 208         return CP_UTF8;
 209 }
 210
 211 CStringA CUnicodeUtils::GetUTF8(const CStringW& string)
 212 {
 213         return GetMulti(string,CP_UTF8);
 214 }
 215
 216 CStringA CUnicodeUtils::GetMulti(const CStringW& string,int acp)
 217 {
 218         char * buf;
 219         CStringA retVal;
 220         int len = string.GetLength();
 221         if (len==0)
 222                 return retVal;
 223         buf = retVal.GetBuffer(len*4 + 1);
 224         int lengthIncTerminator = WideCharToMultiByte(acp, 0, string, -1, buf, len * 4, nullptr, nullptr);
 225         retVal.ReleaseBuffer(lengthIncTerminator-1);
 226         return retVal;
 227 }
 228
 229
 230 CStringA CUnicodeUtils::GetUTF8(const CStringA& string)
 231 {
 232         WCHAR * buf;
 233         int len = string.GetLength();
 234         if (len==0)
 235                 return CStringA();
 236         buf = new WCHAR[len*4 + 1];
 237         int lengthIncTerminator = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, string, -1, buf, len * 4);
 238         CStringW temp = CStringW(buf, lengthIncTerminator - 1);
 239         delete [] buf;
 240         return (CUnicodeUtils::GetUTF8(temp));
 241 }
 242
 243 CString CUnicodeUtils::GetUnicode(const CStringA& string, int acp)
 244 {
 245         WCHAR * buf;
 246         CString retVal;
 247         int len = string.GetLength();
 248         if (len==0)
 249                 return retVal;
 250         buf = retVal.GetBuffer(len * 4 + 1);
 251         int lengthIncTerminator = MultiByteToWideChar(acp, 0, string, -1, buf, len * 4);
 252         retVal.ReleaseBuffer(lengthIncTerminator - 1);
 253         return retVal;
 254 }
 255
 256 #endif //_MFC_VER
 257
 258 #ifdef UNICODE
 259 std::string CUnicodeUtils::StdGetUTF8(const std::wstring& wide)
 260 {
 261         int len = (int)wide.size();
 262         if (len==0)
 263                 return std::string();
 264         int size = len*4;
 265         char * narrow = new char[size];
 266         int ret = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wide.c_str(), len, narrow, size - 1, nullptr, nullptr);
 267         narrow[ret] = '\0';
 268         std::string sRet = std::string(narrow);
 269         delete [] narrow;
 270         return sRet;
 271 }
 272
 273 std::wstring CUnicodeUtils::StdGetUnicode(const std::string& multibyte)
 274 {
 275         int len = (int)multibyte.size();
 276         if (len==0)
 277                 return std::wstring();
 278         int size = len*4;
 279         wchar_t * wide = new wchar_t[size];
 280         int ret = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, multibyte.c_str(), len, wide, size - 1);
 281         wide[ret] = L'\0';
 282         std::wstring sRet = std::wstring(wide);
 283         delete [] wide;
 284         return sRet;
 285 }
 286 #endif
 287
 288 std::string WideToMultibyte(const std::wstring& wide)
 289 {
 290         char * narrow = new char[wide.length()*3+2];
 291         BOOL defaultCharUsed;
 292         int ret = (int)WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, wide.c_str(), (int)wide.size(), narrow, (int)wide.length()*3 - 1, ".", &defaultCharUsed);
 293         narrow[ret] = '\0';
 294         std::string str = narrow;
 295         delete[] narrow;
 296         return str;
 297 }
 298
 299 std::string WideToUTF8(const std::wstring& wide)
 300 {
 301         char * narrow = new char[wide.length()*3+2];
 302         int ret = (int)WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wide.c_str(), (int)wide.size(), narrow, (int)wide.length() * 3 - 1, nullptr, nullptr);
 303         narrow[ret] = '\0';
 304         std::string str = narrow;
 305         delete[] narrow;
 306         return str;
 307 }
 308
 309 std::wstring MultibyteToWide(const std::string& multibyte)
 310 {
 311         size_t length = multibyte.length();
 312         if (length == 0)
 313                 return std::wstring();
 314
 315         wchar_t * wide = new wchar_t[multibyte.length()*2+2];
 316         if (!wide)
 317                 return std::wstring();
 318         int ret = (int)MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, multibyte.c_str(), (int)multibyte.size(), wide, (int)length*2 - 1);
 319         wide[ret] = L'\0';
 320         std::wstring str = wide;
 321         delete[] wide;
 322         return str;
 323 }
 324
 325 std::wstring UTF8ToWide(const std::string& multibyte)
 326 {
 327         size_t length = multibyte.length();
 328         if (length == 0)
 329                 return std::wstring();
 330
 331         wchar_t * wide = new wchar_t[length*2+2];
 332         if (!wide)
 333                 return std::wstring();
 334         int ret = (int)MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, multibyte.c_str(), (int)multibyte.size(), wide, (int)length*2 - 1);
 335         wide[ret] = L'\0';
 336         std::wstring str = wide;
 337         delete[] wide;
 338         return str;
 339 }
 340 #ifdef UNICODE
 341 std::wstring UTF8ToString(const std::string& string) {return UTF8ToWide(string);}
 342 std::string StringToUTF8(const std::wstring& string) {return WideToUTF8(string);}
 343 #else
 344 std::wstring UTF8ToString(const std::string& string) {return WideToMultibyte(UTF8ToWide(string));}
 345 std::string StringToUTF8(const std::wstring& string) {return WideToUTF8(MultibyteToWide(string));}
 346 #endif
 347
 348
 349 #pragma warning(push)
 350 #pragma warning(disable: 4200)
 351 struct STRINGRESOURCEIMAGE
 352 {
 353         WORD nLength;
 354         WCHAR achString[];
 355 };
 356 #pragma warning(pop)    // C4200
 357
 358 int LoadStringEx(HINSTANCE hInstance, UINT uID, LPTSTR lpBuffer, int nBufferMax, WORD wLanguage)
 359 {
 360         const STRINGRESOURCEIMAGE* pImage;
 361         const STRINGRESOURCEIMAGE* pImageEnd;
 362         ULONG nResourceSize;
 363         HGLOBAL hGlobal;
 364         UINT iIndex;
 365 #ifndef UNICODE
 366         BOOL defaultCharUsed;
 367 #endif
 368         int ret;
 369
 370         if (!lpBuffer)
 371                 return 0;
 372         lpBuffer[0] = L'\0';
 373         HRSRC hResource =  FindResourceEx(hInstance, RT_STRING, MAKEINTRESOURCE(((uID>>4)+1)), wLanguage);
 374         if (!hResource)
 375         {
 376                 //try the default language before giving up!
 377                 hResource = FindResource(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(((uID>>4)+1)), RT_STRING);
 378                 if (!hResource)
 379                         return 0;
 380         }
 381         hGlobal = LoadResource(hInstance, hResource);
 382         if (!hGlobal)
 383                 return 0;
 384         pImage = (const STRINGRESOURCEIMAGE*)::LockResource(hGlobal);
 385         if(!pImage)
 386                 return 0;
 387
 388         nResourceSize = ::SizeofResource(hInstance, hResource);
 389         pImageEnd = reinterpret_cast<const STRINGRESOURCEIMAGE*>(LPBYTE(pImage) + nResourceSize);
 390         iIndex = uID&0x000f;
 391
 392         while ((iIndex > 0) && (pImage < pImageEnd))
 393         {
 394                 pImage = reinterpret_cast<const STRINGRESOURCEIMAGE*>(LPBYTE(pImage) + (sizeof(STRINGRESOURCEIMAGE) + (pImage->nLength * sizeof(WCHAR))));
 395                 iIndex--;
 396         }
 397         if (pImage >= pImageEnd)
 398                 return 0;
 399         if (pImage->nLength == 0)
 400                 return 0;
 401 #ifdef UNICODE
 402         ret = pImage->nLength;
 403         if (ret >= nBufferMax)
 404                 ret = nBufferMax - 1;
 405         wcsncpy_s((wchar_t *)lpBuffer, nBufferMax, pImage->achString, ret);
 406         lpBuffer[ret] = L'\0';
 407 #else
 408         ret = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, pImage->achString, pImage->nLength, (LPSTR)lpBuffer, nBufferMax-1, ".", &defaultCharUsed);
 409         lpBuffer[ret] = L'\0';
 410 #endif
 411         return ret;
 412 }
 413