2 Unix SMB/CIFS implementation.
3 Samba utility functions
4 Copyright (C) Andrew Tridgell 1992-1998
5 Copyright (C) Jeremy Allison 2001-2002
6 Copyright (C) Simo Sorce 2001-2011
7 Copyright (C) Jim McDonough (jmcd@us.ibm.com) 2003.
8 Copyright (C) James J Myers 2003
9 Copyright (C) Volker Lendecke 2010
11 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
12 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
13 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
14 (at your option) any later version.
16 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
17 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
18 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
19 GNU General Public License for more details.
21 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
22 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
26 #include "system/network.h"
27 #include "system/filesys.h"
28 #include "system/locale.h"
29 #include "system/shmem.h"
30 #include "system/passwd.h"
41 * @brief Misc utility functions
45 Find a suitable temporary directory. The result should be copied immediately
46 as it may be overwritten by a subsequent call.
48 _PUBLIC_
const char *tmpdir(void)
51 if ((p
= getenv("TMPDIR")))
58 Create a tmp file, open it and immediately unlink it.
59 If dir is NULL uses tmpdir()
60 Returns the file descriptor or -1 on error.
62 int create_unlink_tmp(const char *dir
)
71 fname
= talloc_asprintf(talloc_tos(), "%s/listenerlock_XXXXXX", dir
);
81 if (unlink(fname
) == -1) {
82 int sys_errno
= errno
;
94 Check if a file exists - call vfs_file_exist for samba files.
96 _PUBLIC_
bool file_exist(const char *fname
)
100 if (stat(fname
, &st
) != 0) {
104 return ((S_ISREG(st
.st_mode
)) || (S_ISFIFO(st
.st_mode
)));
108 Check a files mod time.
111 _PUBLIC_
time_t file_modtime(const char *fname
)
115 if (stat(fname
,&st
) != 0)
122 Check if a directory exists.
125 _PUBLIC_
bool directory_exist(const char *dname
)
130 if (stat(dname
,&st
) != 0) {
134 ret
= S_ISDIR(st
.st_mode
);
141 * Try to create the specified directory if it didn't exist.
143 * @retval true if the directory already existed and has the right permissions
144 * or was successfully created.
146 _PUBLIC_
bool directory_create_or_exist(const char *dname
,
153 ret
= lstat(dname
, &st
);
157 if (errno
!= ENOENT
) {
158 DEBUG(0, ("lstat failed on directory %s: %s\n",
159 dname
, strerror(errno
)));
163 /* Create directory */
164 old_umask
= umask(0);
165 ret
= mkdir(dname
, dir_perms
);
166 if (ret
== -1 && errno
!= EEXIST
) {
167 DEBUG(0, ("mkdir failed on directory "
175 ret
= lstat(dname
, &st
);
177 DEBUG(0, ("lstat failed on created directory %s: %s\n",
178 dname
, strerror(errno
)));
187 * @brief Try to create a specified directory if it doesn't exist.
189 * The function creates a directory with the given uid and permissions if it
190 * doesn't exixt. If it exists it makes sure the uid and permissions are
191 * correct and it will fail if they are different.
193 * @param[in] dname The directory to create.
195 * @param[in] uid The uid the directory needs to belong too.
197 * @param[in] dir_perms The expected permissions of the directory.
199 * @return True on success, false on error.
201 _PUBLIC_
bool directory_create_or_exist_strict(const char *dname
,
209 ok
= directory_create_or_exist(dname
, uid
, dir_perms
);
214 rc
= lstat(dname
, &st
);
216 DEBUG(0, ("lstat failed on created directory %s: %s\n",
217 dname
, strerror(errno
)));
221 /* Check ownership and permission on existing directory */
222 if (!S_ISDIR(st
.st_mode
)) {
223 DEBUG(0, ("directory %s isn't a directory\n",
227 if (st
.st_uid
!= uid
&& !uwrap_enabled()) {
228 DEBUG(0, ("invalid ownership on directory "
232 if ((st
.st_mode
& 0777) != dir_perms
) {
233 DEBUG(0, ("invalid permissions on directory "
234 "'%s': has 0%o should be 0%o\n", dname
,
235 (st
.st_mode
& 0777), dir_perms
));
244 Sleep for a specified number of milliseconds.
247 _PUBLIC_
void smb_msleep(unsigned int t
)
249 #if defined(HAVE_NANOSLEEP)
254 ts
.tv_nsec
= 1000000*(t
%1000);
258 ret
= nanosleep(&ts
, &ts
);
259 } while (ret
< 0 && errno
== EINTR
&& (ts
.tv_sec
> 0 || ts
.tv_nsec
> 0));
261 unsigned int tdiff
=0;
262 struct timeval tval
,t1
,t2
;
269 tval
.tv_sec
= (t
-tdiff
)/1000;
270 tval
.tv_usec
= 1000*((t
-tdiff
)%1000);
272 /* Never wait for more than 1 sec. */
273 if (tval
.tv_sec
> 1) {
280 select(0,&fds
,NULL
,NULL
,&tval
);
283 if (t2
.tv_sec
< t1
.tv_sec
) {
284 /* Someone adjusted time... */
288 tdiff
= usec_time_diff(&t2
,&t1
)/1000;
294 Get my own name, return in talloc'ed storage.
297 _PUBLIC_
char *get_myname(TALLOC_CTX
*ctx
)
300 char hostname
[HOST_NAME_MAX
];
302 /* get my host name */
303 if (gethostname(hostname
, sizeof(hostname
)) == -1) {
304 DEBUG(0,("gethostname failed\n"));
308 /* Ensure null termination. */
309 hostname
[sizeof(hostname
)-1] = '\0';
311 /* split off any parts after an initial . */
312 p
= strchr_m(hostname
, '.');
317 return talloc_strdup(ctx
, hostname
);
321 Check if a process exists. Does this work on all unixes?
324 _PUBLIC_
bool process_exists_by_pid(pid_t pid
)
326 /* Doing kill with a non-positive pid causes messages to be
327 * sent to places we don't want. */
331 return(kill(pid
,0) == 0 || errno
!= ESRCH
);
335 Simple routine to do POSIX file locking. Cruft in NFS and 64->32 bit mapping
336 is dealt with in posix.c
339 _PUBLIC_
bool fcntl_lock(int fd
, int op
, off_t offset
, off_t count
, int type
)
344 DEBUG(8,("fcntl_lock %d %d %.0f %.0f %d\n",fd
,op
,(double)offset
,(double)count
,type
));
347 lock
.l_whence
= SEEK_SET
;
348 lock
.l_start
= offset
;
352 ret
= fcntl(fd
,op
,&lock
);
354 if (ret
== -1 && errno
!= 0)
355 DEBUG(3,("fcntl_lock: fcntl lock gave errno %d (%s)\n",errno
,strerror(errno
)));
360 (lock
.l_type
!= F_UNLCK
) &&
362 (lock
.l_pid
!= getpid())) {
363 DEBUG(3,("fcntl_lock: fd %d is locked by pid %d\n",fd
,(int)lock
.l_pid
));
367 /* it must be not locked or locked by me */
371 /* a lock set or unset */
373 DEBUG(3,("fcntl_lock: lock failed at offset %.0f count %.0f op %d type %d (%s)\n",
374 (double)offset
,(double)count
,op
,type
,strerror(errno
)));
378 /* everything went OK */
379 DEBUG(8,("fcntl_lock: Lock call successful\n"));
384 static void debugadd_cb(const char *buf
, void *private_data
)
386 int *plevel
= (int *)private_data
;
387 DEBUGADD(*plevel
, ("%s", buf
));
390 void print_asc_cb(const uint8_t *buf
, int len
,
391 void (*cb
)(const char *buf
, void *private_data
),
398 for (i
=0; i
<len
; i
++) {
399 s
[0] = isprint(buf
[i
]) ? buf
[i
] : '.';
404 void print_asc(int level
, const uint8_t *buf
,int len
)
406 print_asc_cb(buf
, len
, debugadd_cb
, &level
);
410 * Write dump of binary data to a callback
412 void dump_data_cb(const uint8_t *buf
, int len
,
413 bool omit_zero_bytes
,
414 void (*cb
)(const char *buf
, void *private_data
),
418 static const uint8_t empty
[16] = { 0, };
419 bool skipped
= false;
427 if ((omit_zero_bytes
== true) &&
430 (memcmp(&buf
[i
], &empty
, 16) == 0))
437 snprintf(tmp
, sizeof(tmp
), "[%04X] ", i
);
438 cb(tmp
, private_data
);
442 snprintf(tmp
, sizeof(tmp
), "%02X ", (int)buf
[i
]);
443 cb(tmp
, private_data
);
446 cb(" ", private_data
);
450 print_asc_cb(&buf
[i
-16], 8, cb
, private_data
);
451 cb(" ", private_data
);
452 print_asc_cb(&buf
[i
-8], 8, cb
, private_data
);
453 cb("\n", private_data
);
455 if ((omit_zero_bytes
== true) &&
457 (memcmp(&buf
[i
], &empty
, 16) == 0)) {
459 cb("skipping zero buffer bytes\n",
470 cb(" ", private_data
);
472 cb(" ", private_data
);
475 cb(" ", private_data
);
478 print_asc_cb(&buf
[i
-(i
%16)], n
, cb
, private_data
);
479 cb(" ", private_data
);
482 print_asc_cb(&buf
[i
-n
], n
, cb
, private_data
);
484 cb("\n", private_data
);
490 * Write dump of binary data to the log file.
492 * The data is only written if the log level is at least level.
494 _PUBLIC_
void dump_data(int level
, const uint8_t *buf
, int len
)
496 if (!DEBUGLVL(level
)) {
499 dump_data_cb(buf
, len
, false, debugadd_cb
, &level
);
503 * Write dump of binary data to the log file.
505 * The data is only written if the log level is at least level.
506 * 16 zero bytes in a row are omitted
508 _PUBLIC_
void dump_data_skip_zeros(int level
, const uint8_t *buf
, int len
)
510 if (!DEBUGLVL(level
)) {
513 dump_data_cb(buf
, len
, true, debugadd_cb
, &level
);
516 static void fprintf_cb(const char *buf
, void *private_data
)
518 FILE *f
= (FILE *)private_data
;
519 fprintf(f
, "%s", buf
);
522 void dump_data_file(const uint8_t *buf
, int len
, bool omit_zero_bytes
,
525 dump_data_cb(buf
, len
, omit_zero_bytes
, fprintf_cb
, f
);
529 malloc that aborts with smb_panic on fail or zero size.
532 _PUBLIC_
void *smb_xmalloc(size_t size
)
536 smb_panic("smb_xmalloc: called with zero size.\n");
537 if ((p
= malloc(size
)) == NULL
)
538 smb_panic("smb_xmalloc: malloc fail.\n");
543 Memdup with smb_panic on fail.
546 _PUBLIC_
void *smb_xmemdup(const void *p
, size_t size
)
549 p2
= smb_xmalloc(size
);
555 strdup that aborts on malloc fail.
558 char *smb_xstrdup(const char *s
)
560 #if defined(PARANOID_MALLOC_CHECKER)
567 #define strdup rep_strdup
570 char *s1
= strdup(s
);
571 #if defined(PARANOID_MALLOC_CHECKER)
575 #define strdup(s) __ERROR_DONT_USE_STRDUP_DIRECTLY
578 smb_panic("smb_xstrdup: malloc failed");
585 strndup that aborts on malloc fail.
588 char *smb_xstrndup(const char *s
, size_t n
)
590 #if defined(PARANOID_MALLOC_CHECKER)
596 #if (defined(BROKEN_STRNDUP) || !defined(HAVE_STRNDUP))
598 #define strndup rep_strndup
601 char *s1
= strndup(s
, n
);
602 #if defined(PARANOID_MALLOC_CHECKER)
606 #define strndup(s,n) __ERROR_DONT_USE_STRNDUP_DIRECTLY
609 smb_panic("smb_xstrndup: malloc failed");
617 Like strdup but for memory.
620 _PUBLIC_
void *memdup(const void *p
, size_t size
)
633 * Write a password to the log file.
635 * @note Only actually does something if DEBUG_PASSWORD was defined during
638 _PUBLIC_
void dump_data_pw(const char *msg
, const uint8_t * data
, size_t len
)
640 #ifdef DEBUG_PASSWORD
641 DEBUG(11, ("%s", msg
));
642 if (data
!= NULL
&& len
> 0)
644 dump_data(11, data
, len
);
651 * see if a range of memory is all zero. A NULL pointer is considered
654 _PUBLIC_
bool all_zero(const uint8_t *ptr
, size_t size
)
657 if (!ptr
) return true;
658 for (i
=0;i
<size
;i
++) {
659 if (ptr
[i
]) return false;
665 realloc an array, checking for integer overflow in the array size
667 _PUBLIC_
void *realloc_array(void *ptr
, size_t el_size
, unsigned count
, bool free_on_fail
)
669 #define MAX_MALLOC_SIZE 0x7fffffff
671 count
>= MAX_MALLOC_SIZE
/el_size
) {
677 return malloc(el_size
* count
);
679 return realloc(ptr
, el_size
* count
);
682 /****************************************************************************
684 ****************************************************************************/
686 void *malloc_array(size_t el_size
, unsigned int count
)
688 return realloc_array(NULL
, el_size
, count
, false);
691 /****************************************************************************
693 ****************************************************************************/
695 void *memalign_array(size_t el_size
, size_t align
, unsigned int count
)
697 if (count
*el_size
>= MAX_MALLOC_SIZE
) {
701 return memalign(align
, el_size
*count
);
704 /****************************************************************************
706 ****************************************************************************/
708 void *calloc_array(size_t size
, size_t nmemb
)
710 if (nmemb
>= MAX_MALLOC_SIZE
/size
) {
713 if (size
== 0 || nmemb
== 0) {
716 return calloc(nmemb
, size
);
720 Trim the specified elements off the front and back of a string.
722 _PUBLIC_
bool trim_string(char *s
, const char *front
, const char *back
)
729 /* Ignore null or empty strings. */
730 if (!s
|| (s
[0] == '\0'))
733 front_len
= front
? strlen(front
) : 0;
734 back_len
= back
? strlen(back
) : 0;
739 while (len
&& strncmp(s
, front
, front_len
)==0) {
740 /* Must use memmove here as src & dest can
741 * easily overlap. Found by valgrind. JRA. */
742 memmove(s
, s
+front_len
, (len
-front_len
)+1);
749 while ((len
>= back_len
) && strncmp(s
+len
-back_len
,back
,back_len
)==0) {
750 s
[len
-back_len
]='\0';
759 Find the number of 'c' chars in a string
761 _PUBLIC_ _PURE_
size_t count_chars(const char *s
, char c
)
766 if (*s
== c
) count
++;
774 * Routine to get hex characters and turn them into a byte array.
775 * the array can be variable length.
776 * - "0xnn" or "0Xnn" is specially catered for.
777 * - The first non-hex-digit character (apart from possibly leading "0x"
778 * finishes the conversion and skips the rest of the input.
779 * - A single hex-digit character at the end of the string is skipped.
781 * valid examples: "0A5D15"; "0x123456"
783 _PUBLIC_
size_t strhex_to_str(char *p
, size_t p_len
, const char *strhex
, size_t strhex_len
)
786 size_t num_chars
= 0;
787 uint8_t lonybble
, hinybble
;
788 const char *hexchars
= "0123456789ABCDEF";
789 char *p1
= NULL
, *p2
= NULL
;
791 /* skip leading 0x prefix */
792 if (strncasecmp(strhex
, "0x", 2) == 0) {
793 i
+= 2; /* skip two chars */
796 for (; i
+1 < strhex_len
&& strhex
[i
] != 0 && strhex
[i
+1] != 0; i
++) {
797 p1
= strchr(hexchars
, toupper((unsigned char)strhex
[i
]));
802 i
++; /* next hex digit */
804 p2
= strchr(hexchars
, toupper((unsigned char)strhex
[i
]));
809 /* get the two nybbles */
810 hinybble
= PTR_DIFF(p1
, hexchars
);
811 lonybble
= PTR_DIFF(p2
, hexchars
);
813 if (num_chars
>= p_len
) {
817 p
[num_chars
] = (hinybble
<< 4) | lonybble
;
827 * Parse a hex string and return a data blob.
829 _PUBLIC_ _PURE_ DATA_BLOB
strhex_to_data_blob(TALLOC_CTX
*mem_ctx
, const char *strhex
)
831 DATA_BLOB ret_blob
= data_blob_talloc(mem_ctx
, NULL
, strlen(strhex
)/2+1);
833 ret_blob
.length
= strhex_to_str((char *)ret_blob
.data
, ret_blob
.length
,
841 * Print a buf in hex. Assumes dst is at least (srclen*2)+1 large.
843 _PUBLIC_
void hex_encode_buf(char *dst
, const uint8_t *src
, size_t srclen
)
846 for (i
=0; i
<srclen
; i
++) {
847 snprintf(dst
+ i
*2, 3, "%02X", src
[i
]);
850 * Ensure 0-termination for 0-length buffers
852 dst
[srclen
*2] = '\0';
856 * Routine to print a buffer as HEX digits, into an allocated string.
858 _PUBLIC_
void hex_encode(const unsigned char *buff_in
, size_t len
, char **out_hex_buffer
)
862 *out_hex_buffer
= malloc_array_p(char, (len
*2)+1);
863 hex_buffer
= *out_hex_buffer
;
864 hex_encode_buf(hex_buffer
, buff_in
, len
);
868 * talloc version of hex_encode()
870 _PUBLIC_
char *hex_encode_talloc(TALLOC_CTX
*mem_ctx
, const unsigned char *buff_in
, size_t len
)
874 hex_buffer
= talloc_array(mem_ctx
, char, (len
*2)+1);
878 hex_encode_buf(hex_buffer
, buff_in
, len
);
879 talloc_set_name_const(hex_buffer
, hex_buffer
);
884 varient of strcmp() that handles NULL ptrs
886 _PUBLIC_
int strcmp_safe(const char *s1
, const char *s2
)
891 if (s1
== NULL
|| s2
== NULL
) {
894 return strcmp(s1
, s2
);
899 return the number of bytes occupied by a buffer in ASCII format
900 the result includes the null termination
903 _PUBLIC_
size_t ascii_len_n(const char *src
, size_t n
)
907 len
= strnlen(src
, n
);
916 Set a boolean variable from the text value stored in the passed string.
917 Returns true in success, false if the passed string does not correctly
921 _PUBLIC_
bool set_boolean(const char *boolean_string
, bool *boolean
)
923 if (strwicmp(boolean_string
, "yes") == 0 ||
924 strwicmp(boolean_string
, "true") == 0 ||
925 strwicmp(boolean_string
, "on") == 0 ||
926 strwicmp(boolean_string
, "1") == 0) {
929 } else if (strwicmp(boolean_string
, "no") == 0 ||
930 strwicmp(boolean_string
, "false") == 0 ||
931 strwicmp(boolean_string
, "off") == 0 ||
932 strwicmp(boolean_string
, "0") == 0) {
940 return the number of bytes occupied by a buffer in CH_UTF16 format
941 the result includes the null termination
943 _PUBLIC_
size_t utf16_len(const void *buf
)
947 for (len
= 0; SVAL(buf
,len
); len
+= 2) ;
953 return the number of bytes occupied by a buffer in CH_UTF16 format
954 the result includes the null termination
957 _PUBLIC_
size_t utf16_len_n(const void *src
, size_t n
)
961 for (len
= 0; (len
+2 < n
) && SVAL(src
, len
); len
+= 2) ;
972 * @brief String utilities.
975 static bool next_token_internal_talloc(TALLOC_CTX
*ctx
,
994 /* default to simple separators */
999 /* find the first non sep char, if left-trimming is requested */
1001 while (*s
&& strchr_m(sep
,*s
)) {
1011 /* When restarting we need to go from here. */
1014 /* Work out the length needed. */
1015 for (quoted
= false; *s
&&
1016 (quoted
|| !strchr_m(sep
,*s
)); s
++) {
1024 /* We started with len = 1 so we have space for the nul. */
1025 *pp_buff
= talloc_array(ctx
, char, len
);
1030 /* copy over the token */
1033 for (quoted
= false; *s
&&
1034 (quoted
|| !strchr_m(sep
,*s
)); s
++) {
1042 *ptr
= (*s
) ? s
+1 : s
;
1048 bool next_token_talloc(TALLOC_CTX
*ctx
,
1053 return next_token_internal_talloc(ctx
, ptr
, pp_buff
, sep
, true);
1057 * Get the next token from a string, return false if none found. Handles
1058 * double-quotes. This version does not trim leading separator characters
1059 * before looking for a token.
1062 bool next_token_no_ltrim_talloc(TALLOC_CTX
*ctx
,
1067 return next_token_internal_talloc(ctx
, ptr
, pp_buff
, sep
, false);
1071 * Get the next token from a string, return False if none found.
1072 * Handles double-quotes.
1074 * Based on a routine by GJC@VILLAGE.COM.
1075 * Extensively modified by Andrew.Tridgell@anu.edu.au
1077 _PUBLIC_
bool next_token(const char **ptr
,char *buff
, const char *sep
, size_t bufsize
)
1088 /* default to simple separators */
1092 /* find the first non sep char */
1093 while (*s
&& strchr_m(sep
,*s
))
1100 /* copy over the token */
1101 for (quoted
= false; len
< bufsize
&& *s
&& (quoted
|| !strchr_m(sep
,*s
)); s
++) {
1110 *ptr
= (*s
) ? s
+1 : s
;
1116 struct anonymous_shared_header
{
1123 /* Map a shared memory buffer of at least nelem counters. */
1124 void *anonymous_shared_allocate(size_t orig_bufsz
)
1128 size_t pagesz
= getpagesize();
1130 size_t bufsz
= orig_bufsz
;
1131 struct anonymous_shared_header
*hdr
;
1133 bufsz
+= sizeof(*hdr
);
1135 /* round up to full pages */
1136 pagecnt
= bufsz
/ pagesz
;
1137 if (bufsz
% pagesz
) {
1140 bufsz
= pagesz
* pagecnt
;
1142 if (orig_bufsz
>= bufsz
) {
1150 buf
= mmap(NULL
, bufsz
, PROT_READ
|PROT_WRITE
, MAP_ANON
|MAP_SHARED
,
1151 -1 /* fd */, 0 /* offset */);
1157 fd
= open("/dev/zero", O_RDWR
);
1162 buf
= mmap(NULL
, bufsz
, PROT_READ
|PROT_WRITE
, MAP_FILE
|MAP_SHARED
,
1163 fd
, 0 /* offset */);
1164 saved_errno
= errno
;
1166 errno
= saved_errno
;
1170 if (buf
== MAP_FAILED
) {
1174 hdr
= (struct anonymous_shared_header
*)buf
;
1175 hdr
->u
.length
= bufsz
;
1177 ptr
= (void *)(&hdr
[1]);
1182 void *anonymous_shared_resize(void *ptr
, size_t new_size
, bool maymove
)
1186 size_t pagesz
= getpagesize();
1189 struct anonymous_shared_header
*hdr
;
1197 hdr
= (struct anonymous_shared_header
*)ptr
;
1199 if (hdr
->u
.length
> (new_size
+ sizeof(*hdr
))) {
1204 bufsz
= new_size
+ sizeof(*hdr
);
1206 /* round up to full pages */
1207 pagecnt
= bufsz
/ pagesz
;
1208 if (bufsz
% pagesz
) {
1211 bufsz
= pagesz
* pagecnt
;
1213 if (new_size
>= bufsz
) {
1219 if (bufsz
<= hdr
->u
.length
) {
1224 flags
= MREMAP_MAYMOVE
;
1227 buf
= mremap(hdr
, hdr
->u
.length
, bufsz
, flags
);
1229 if (buf
== MAP_FAILED
) {
1234 hdr
= (struct anonymous_shared_header
*)buf
;
1235 hdr
->u
.length
= bufsz
;
1237 ptr
= (void *)(&hdr
[1]);
1246 void anonymous_shared_free(void *ptr
)
1248 struct anonymous_shared_header
*hdr
;
1254 hdr
= (struct anonymous_shared_header
*)ptr
;
1258 munmap(hdr
, hdr
->u
.length
);
1262 /* used when you want a debugger started at a particular point in the
1263 code. Mostly useful in code that runs as a child process, where
1264 normal gdb attach is harder to organise.
1266 void samba_start_debugger(void)
1269 if (asprintf(&cmd
, "xterm -e \"gdb --pid %u\"&", getpid()) == -1) {
1272 if (system(cmd
) == -1) {