1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//Samba-Team//DTD DocBook V4.2-Based Variant V1.0//EN" "http://www.samba.org/samba/DTD/samba-doc">
3 <refentry id="winbindd.8">
6 <refentrytitle>winbindd</refentrytitle>
7 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
8 <refmiscinfo class="source">Samba</refmiscinfo>
9 <refmiscinfo class="manual">System Administration tools</refmiscinfo>
10 <refmiscinfo class="version">3.6</refmiscinfo>
15 <refname>winbindd</refname>
16 <refpurpose>Name Service Switch daemon for resolving names
17 from NT servers</refpurpose>
22 <command>winbindd</command>
23 <arg choice="opt">-D</arg>
24 <arg choice="opt">-F</arg>
25 <arg choice="opt">-S</arg>
26 <arg choice="opt">-i</arg>
27 <arg choice="opt">-Y</arg>
28 <arg choice="opt">-d <debug level></arg>
29 <arg choice="opt">-s <smb config file></arg>
30 <arg choice="opt">-n</arg>
35 <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
37 <para>This program is part of the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>samba</refentrytitle>
38 <manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> suite.</para>
40 <para><command>winbindd</command> is a daemon that provides
41 a number of services to the Name Service Switch capability found
42 in most modern C libraries, to arbitrary applications via PAM
43 and <command>ntlm_auth</command> and to Samba itself.</para>
45 <para>Even if winbind is not used for nsswitch, it still provides a
46 service to <command>smbd</command>, <command>ntlm_auth</command>
47 and the <command>pam_winbind.so</command> PAM module, by managing connections to
48 domain controllers. In this configuration the
49 <smbconfoption name="idmap config * : range"/>
50 parameter is not required. (This is known as `netlogon proxy only mode'.)</para>
52 <para> The Name Service Switch allows user
53 and system information to be obtained from different databases
54 services such as NIS or DNS. The exact behaviour can be configured
55 through the <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file.
56 Users and groups are allocated as they are resolved to a range
57 of user and group ids specified by the administrator of the
60 <para>The service provided by <command>winbindd</command> is called `winbind' and
61 can be used to resolve user and group information from a
62 Windows NT server. The service can also provide authentication
63 services via an associated PAM module. </para>
66 The <filename>pam_winbind</filename> module supports the
67 <parameter>auth</parameter>, <parameter>account</parameter>
68 and <parameter>password</parameter>
69 module-types. It should be noted that the
70 <parameter>account</parameter> module simply performs a getpwnam() to verify that
71 the system can obtain a uid for the user, as the domain
72 controller has already performed access control. If the
73 <filename>libnss_winbind</filename> library has been correctly
74 installed, or an alternate source of names configured, this should always succeed.
77 <para>The following nsswitch databases are implemented by
78 the winbindd service: </para>
83 <listitem><para>This feature is only available on IRIX.
84 User information traditionally stored in
85 the <filename>hosts(5)</filename> file and used by
86 <command>gethostbyname(3)</command> functions. Names are
87 resolved through the WINS server or by broadcast.
93 <listitem><para>User information traditionally stored in
94 the <filename>passwd(5)</filename> file and used by
95 <command>getpwent(3)</command> functions. </para></listitem>
100 <listitem><para>Group information traditionally stored in
101 the <filename>group(5)</filename> file and used by
102 <command>getgrent(3)</command> functions. </para></listitem>
106 <para>For example, the following simple configuration in the
107 <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file can be used to initially
108 resolve user and group information from <filename>/etc/passwd
109 </filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename> and then from the
114 passwd: files winbind
116 ## only available on IRIX: use winbind to resolve hosts:
117 # hosts: files dns winbind
118 ## All other NSS enabled systems should use libnss_wins.so like this:
119 hosts: files dns wins
123 <para>The following simple configuration in the
124 <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file can be used to initially
125 resolve hostnames from <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> and then from the
135 <title>OPTIONS</title>
140 <listitem><para>If specified, this parameter causes
141 the server to operate as a daemon. That is, it detaches
142 itself and runs in the background on the appropriate port.
143 This switch is assumed if <command>winbindd</command> is
144 executed on the command line of a shell.
150 <listitem><para>If specified, this parameter causes
151 the main <command>winbindd</command> process to not daemonize,
152 i.e. double-fork and disassociate with the terminal.
153 Child processes are still created as normal to service
154 each connection request, but the main process does not
155 exit. This operation mode is suitable for running
156 <command>winbindd</command> under process supervisors such
157 as <command>supervise</command> and <command>svscan</command>
158 from Daniel J. Bernstein's <command>daemontools</command>
159 package, or the AIX process monitor.
165 <listitem><para>If specified, this parameter causes
166 <command>winbindd</command> to log to standard output rather
167 than a file.</para></listitem>
170 &stdarg.server.debug;
176 <listitem><para>Tells <command>winbindd</command> to not
177 become a daemon and detach from the current terminal. This
178 option is used by developers when interactive debugging
179 of <command>winbindd</command> is required.
180 <command>winbindd</command> also logs to standard output,
181 as if the <command>-S</command> parameter had been given.
187 <listitem><para>Disable caching. This means winbindd will
188 always have to wait for a response from the domain controller
189 before it can respond to a client and this thus makes things
190 slower. The results will however be more accurate, since
191 results from the cache might not be up-to-date. This
192 might also temporarily hang winbindd if the DC doesn't respond.
198 <listitem><para>Single daemon mode. This means winbindd will run
199 as a single process (the mode of operation in Samba 2.2). Winbindd's
200 default behavior is to launch a child process that is responsible for
201 updating expired cache entries.
210 <title>NAME AND ID RESOLUTION</title>
212 <para>Users and groups on a Windows NT server are assigned
213 a security id (SID) which is globally unique when the
214 user or group is created. To convert the Windows NT user or group
215 into a unix user or group, a mapping between SIDs and unix user
216 and group ids is required. This is one of the jobs that <command>
217 winbindd</command> performs. </para>
219 <para>As winbindd users and groups are resolved from a server, user
220 and group ids are allocated from a specified range. This
221 is done on a first come, first served basis, although all existing
222 users and groups will be mapped as soon as a client performs a user
223 or group enumeration command. The allocated unix ids are stored
224 in a database and will be remembered. </para>
226 <para>WARNING: The SID to unix id database is the only location
227 where the user and group mappings are stored by winbindd. If this
228 store is deleted or corrupted, there is no way for winbindd to
229 determine which user and group ids correspond to Windows NT user
230 and group rids. </para>
236 <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
238 <para>Configuration of the <command>winbindd</command> daemon
239 is done through configuration parameters in the <citerefentry>
240 <refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
241 </citerefentry> file. All parameters should be specified in the
242 [global] section of smb.conf. </para>
246 <smbconfoption name="winbind separator"/></para></listitem>
248 <smbconfoption name="idmap config * : range"/></para></listitem>
250 <smbconfoption name="idmap config * : backend"/></para></listitem>
252 <smbconfoption name="winbind cache time"/></para></listitem>
254 <smbconfoption name="winbind enum users"/></para></listitem>
256 <smbconfoption name="winbind enum groups"/></para></listitem>
258 <smbconfoption name="template homedir"/></para></listitem>
260 <smbconfoption name="template shell"/></para></listitem>
262 <smbconfoption name="winbind use default domain"/></para></listitem>
264 <smbconfoption name="winbind: rpc only"/>
265 Setting this parameter forces winbindd to use RPC
266 instead of LDAP to retrieve information from Domain
274 <title>EXAMPLE SETUP</title>
277 To setup winbindd for user and group lookups plus
278 authentication from a domain controller use something like the
279 following setup. This was tested on an early Red Hat Linux box.
282 <para>In <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> put the
285 passwd: files winbind
290 <para>In <filename>/etc/pam.d/*</filename> replace the <parameter>
291 auth</parameter> lines with something like this:
293 auth required /lib/security/pam_securetty.so
294 auth required /lib/security/pam_nologin.so
295 auth sufficient /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
296 auth required /lib/security/pam_unix.so \
297 use_first_pass shadow nullok
302 The PAM module pam_unix has recently replaced the module pam_pwdb.
303 Some Linux systems use the module pam_unix2 in place of pam_unix.
306 <para>Note in particular the use of the <parameter>sufficient
307 </parameter> keyword and the <parameter>use_first_pass</parameter> keyword. </para>
309 <para>Now replace the account lines with this: </para>
311 <para><command>account required /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
314 <para>The next step is to join the domain. To do that use the
315 <command>net</command> program like this: </para>
317 <para><command>net join -S PDC -U Administrator</command></para>
319 <para>The username after the <parameter>-U</parameter> can be any
320 Domain user that has administrator privileges on the machine.
321 Substitute the name or IP of your PDC for "PDC".</para>
323 <para>Next copy <filename>libnss_winbind.so</filename> to
324 <filename>/lib</filename> and <filename>pam_winbind.so
325 </filename> to <filename>/lib/security</filename>. A symbolic link needs to be
326 made from <filename>/lib/libnss_winbind.so</filename> to
327 <filename>/lib/libnss_winbind.so.2</filename>. If you are using an
328 older version of glibc then the target of the link should be
329 <filename>/lib/libnss_winbind.so.1</filename>.</para>
331 <para>Finally, setup a <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle>
332 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> containing directives like the
336 winbind separator = +
337 winbind cache time = 10
338 template shell = /bin/bash
339 template homedir = /home/%D/%U
340 idmap config * : range = 10000-20000
344 </programlisting></para>
347 <para>Now start winbindd and you should find that your user and
348 group database is expanded to include your NT users and groups,
349 and that you can login to your unix box as a domain user, using
350 the DOMAIN+user syntax for the username. You may wish to use the
351 commands <command>getent passwd</command> and <command>getent group
352 </command> to confirm the correct operation of winbindd.</para>
359 <para>The following notes are useful when configuring and
360 running <command>winbindd</command>: </para>
362 <para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>nmbd</refentrytitle>
363 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> must be running on the local machine
364 for <command>winbindd</command> to work. </para>
366 <para>PAM is really easy to misconfigure. Make sure you know what
367 you are doing when modifying PAM configuration files. It is possible
368 to set up PAM such that you can no longer log into your system. </para>
370 <para>If more than one UNIX machine is running <command>winbindd</command>,
371 then in general the user and groups ids allocated by winbindd will not
372 be the same. The user and group ids will only be valid for the local
373 machine, unless a shared <smbconfoption name="idmap config * : backend"/> is configured.</para>
375 <para>If the the Windows NT SID to UNIX user and group id mapping
376 file is damaged or destroyed then the mappings will be lost. </para>
381 <title>SIGNALS</title>
383 <para>The following signals can be used to manipulate the
384 <command>winbindd</command> daemon. </para>
389 <listitem><para>Reload the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle>
390 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file and
391 apply any parameter changes to the running
392 version of winbindd. This signal also clears any cached
393 user and group information. The list of other domains trusted
394 by winbindd is also reloaded. </para></listitem>
399 <listitem><para>The SIGUSR2 signal will cause <command>
400 winbindd</command> to write status information to the winbind
403 <para>Log files are stored in the filename specified by the
404 log file parameter.</para></listitem>
414 <term><filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf(5)</filename></term>
415 <listitem><para>Name service switch configuration file.</para>
420 <term>/tmp/.winbindd/pipe</term>
421 <listitem><para>The UNIX pipe over which clients communicate with
422 the <command>winbindd</command> program. For security reasons, the
423 winbind client will only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon
424 if both the <filename>/tmp/.winbindd</filename> directory
425 and <filename>/tmp/.winbindd/pipe</filename> file are owned by
426 root. </para></listitem>
430 <term>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged/pipe</term>
431 <listitem><para>The UNIX pipe over which 'privileged' clients
432 communicate with the <command>winbindd</command> program. For security
433 reasons, access to some winbindd functions - like those needed by
434 the <command>ntlm_auth</command> utility - is restricted. By default,
435 only users in the 'root' group will get this access, however the administrator
436 may change the group permissions on $LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged to allow
437 programs like 'squid' to use ntlm_auth.
438 Note that the winbind client will only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon
439 if both the <filename>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged</filename> directory
440 and <filename>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged/pipe</filename> file are owned by
441 root. </para></listitem>
445 <term>/lib/libnss_winbind.so.X</term>
446 <listitem><para>Implementation of name service switch library.
451 <term>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_idmap.tdb</term>
452 <listitem><para>Storage for the Windows NT rid to UNIX user/group
453 id mapping. The lock directory is specified when Samba is initially
454 compiled using the <parameter>--with-lockdir</parameter> option.
455 This directory is by default <filename>/usr/local/samba/var/locks
456 </filename>. </para></listitem>
460 <term>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_cache.tdb</term>
461 <listitem><para>Storage for cached user and group information.
469 <title>VERSION</title>
471 <para>This man page is correct for version 3 of
472 the Samba suite.</para>
476 <title>SEE ALSO</title>
478 <para><filename>nsswitch.conf(5)</filename>, <citerefentry>
479 <refentrytitle>samba</refentrytitle>
480 <manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
481 <refentrytitle>wbinfo</refentrytitle>
482 <manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
483 <refentrytitle>ntlm_auth</refentrytitle>
484 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
485 <refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle>
486 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
487 <refentrytitle>pam_winbind</refentrytitle>
488 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></para>
492 <title>AUTHOR</title>
494 <para>The original Samba software and related utilities
495 were created by Andrew Tridgell. Samba is now developed
496 by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar
497 to the way the Linux kernel is developed.</para>
499 <para><command>wbinfo</command> and <command>winbindd</command> were
500 written by Tim Potter.</para>
502 <para>The conversion to DocBook for Samba 2.2 was done
503 by Gerald Carter. The conversion to DocBook XML 4.2 for
504 Samba 3.0 was done by Alexander Bokovoy.</para>