1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//Samba-Team//DTD DocBook V4.2-Based Variant V1.0//EN" "http://www.samba.org/samba/DTD/samba-doc">
3 <refentry id="winbindd.8">
6 <refentrytitle>winbindd</refentrytitle>
7 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
12 <refname>winbindd</refname>
13 <refpurpose>Name Service Switch daemon for resolving names
14 from NT servers</refpurpose>
19 <command>winbindd</command>
20 <arg choice="opt">-D</arg>
21 <arg choice="opt">-F</arg>
22 <arg choice="opt">-S</arg>
23 <arg choice="opt">-i</arg>
24 <arg choice="opt">-Y</arg>
25 <arg choice="opt">-d <debug level></arg>
26 <arg choice="opt">-s <smb config file></arg>
27 <arg choice="opt">-n</arg>
32 <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
34 <para>This program is part of the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>samba</refentrytitle>
35 <manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> suite.</para>
37 <para><command>winbindd</command> is a daemon that provides
38 a number of services to the Name Service Switch capability found
39 in most modern C libraries, to arbitrary applications via PAM
40 and <command>ntlm_auth</command> and to Samba itself.</para>
42 <para>Even if winbind is not used for nsswitch, it still provides a
43 service to <command>smbd</command>, <command>ntlm_auth</command>
44 and the <command>pam_winbind.so</command> PAM module, by managing connections to
45 domain controllers. In this configuraiton the
46 <smbconfoption name="idmap uid"/> and
47 <smbconfoption name="idmap gid"/>
48 parameters are not required. (This is known as `netlogon proxy only mode'.)</para>
50 <para> The Name Service Switch allows user
51 and system information to be obtained from different databases
52 services such as NIS or DNS. The exact behaviour can be configured
53 throught the <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file.
54 Users and groups are allocated as they are resolved to a range
55 of user and group ids specified by the administrator of the
58 <para>The service provided by <command>winbindd</command> is called `winbind' and
59 can be used to resolve user and group information from a
60 Windows NT server. The service can also provide authentication
61 services via an associated PAM module. </para>
64 The <filename>pam_winbind</filename> module supports the
65 <parameter>auth</parameter>, <parameter>account</parameter>
66 and <parameter>password</parameter>
67 module-types. It should be noted that the
68 <parameter>account</parameter> module simply performs a getpwnam() to verify that
69 the system can obtain a uid for the user, as the domain
70 controller has already performed access control. If the
71 <filename>libnss_winbind</filename> library has been correctly
72 installed, or an alternate source of names configured, this should always succeed.
75 <para>The following nsswitch databases are implemented by
76 the winbindd service: </para>
81 <listitem><para>If specified, this parameter causes
82 the server to operate as a daemon. That is, it detaches
83 itself and runs in the background on the appropriate port.
84 This switch is assumed if <command>winbindd</command> is
85 executed on the command line of a shell.
91 <listitem><para>This feature is only available on IRIX.
92 User information traditionally stored in
93 the <filename>hosts(5)</filename> file and used by
94 <command>gethostbyname(3)</command> functions. Names are
95 resolved through the WINS server or by broadcast.
101 <listitem><para>User information traditionally stored in
102 the <filename>passwd(5)</filename> file and used by
103 <command>getpwent(3)</command> functions. </para></listitem>
108 <listitem><para>Group information traditionally stored in
109 the <filename>group(5)</filename> file and used by
110 <command>getgrent(3)</command> functions. </para></listitem>
114 <para>For example, the following simple configuration in the
115 <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file can be used to initially
116 resolve user and group information from <filename>/etc/passwd
117 </filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename> and then from the
120 passwd: files winbind
122 ## only available on IRIX; Linux users should us libnss_wins.so
123 hosts: files dns winbind
124 </programlisting></para>
126 <para>The following simple configuration in the
127 <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file can be used to initially
128 resolve hostnames from <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> and then from the
138 <title>OPTIONS</title>
143 <listitem><para>If specified, this parameter causes
144 the main <command>winbindd</command> process to not daemonize,
145 i.e. double-fork and disassociate with the terminal.
146 Child processes are still created as normal to service
147 each connection request, but the main process does not
148 exit. This operation mode is suitable for running
149 <command>winbindd</command> under process supervisors such
150 as <command>supervise</command> and <command>svscan</command>
151 from Daniel J. Bernstein's <command>daemontools</command>
152 package, or the AIX process monitor.
158 <listitem><para>If specified, this parameter causes
159 <command>winbindd</command> to log to standard output rather
160 than a file.</para></listitem>
163 &stdarg.server.debug;
169 <listitem><para>Tells <command>winbindd</command> to not
170 become a daemon and detach from the current terminal. This
171 option is used by developers when interactive debugging
172 of <command>winbindd</command> is required.
173 <command>winbindd</command> also logs to standard output,
174 as if the <command>-S</command> parameter had been given.
180 <listitem><para>Disable caching. This means winbindd will
181 always have to wait for a response from the domain controller
182 before it can respond to a client and this thus makes things
183 slower. The results will however be more accurate, since
184 results from the cache might not be up-to-date. This
185 might also temporarily hang winbindd if the DC doesn't respond.
191 <listitem><para>Single daemon mode. This means winbindd will run
192 as a single process (the mode of operation in Samba 2.2). Winbindd's
193 default behavior is to launch a child process that is responsible for
194 updating expired cache entries.
203 <title>NAME AND ID RESOLUTION</title>
205 <para>Users and groups on a Windows NT server are assigned
206 a security id (SID) which is globally unique when the
207 user or group is created. To convert the Windows NT user or group
208 into a unix user or group, a mapping between SIDs and unix user
209 and group ids is required. This is one of the jobs that <command>
210 winbindd</command> performs. </para>
212 <para>As winbindd users and groups are resolved from a server, user
213 and group ids are allocated from a specified range. This
214 is done on a first come, first served basis, although all existing
215 users and groups will be mapped as soon as a client performs a user
216 or group enumeration command. The allocated unix ids are stored
217 in a database and will be remembered. </para>
219 <para>WARNING: The SID to unix id database is the only location
220 where the user and group mappings are stored by winbindd. If this
221 store is deleted or corrupted, there is no way for winbindd to
222 determine which user and group ids correspond to Windows NT user
223 and group rids. </para>
225 <para>See the <smbconfoption><name>idmap
226 domains</name></smbconfoption> or the old <smbconfoption><name>idmap
227 backend</name></smbconfoption> parameters in
228 <filename>smb.conf</filename> for options for sharing this
229 database, such as via LDAP.</para>
234 <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
236 <para>Configuration of the <command>winbindd</command> daemon
237 is done through configuration parameters in the <citerefentry>
238 <refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
239 </citerefentry> file. All parameters should be specified in the
240 [global] section of smb.conf. </para>
244 <smbconfoption name="winbind separator"/></para></listitem>
246 <smbconfoption name="idmap uid"/></para></listitem>
248 <smbconfoption name="idmap gid"/></para></listitem>
250 <smbconfoption name="idmap backend"/></para></listitem>
252 <smbconfoption name="winbind cache time"/></para></listitem>
254 <smbconfoption name="winbind enum users"/></para></listitem>
256 <smbconfoption name="winbind enum groups"/></para></listitem>
258 <smbconfoption name="template homedir"/></para></listitem>
260 <smbconfoption name="template shell"/></para></listitem>
262 <smbconfoption name="winbind use default domain"/></para></listitem>
264 <smbconfoption name="winbind: rpc only"/>
265 Setting this parameter forces winbindd to use RPC
266 instead of LDAP to retrieve information from Domain
274 <title>EXAMPLE SETUP</title>
277 To setup winbindd for user and group lookups plus
278 authentication from a domain controller use something like the
279 following setup. This was tested on an early Red Hat Linux box.
282 <para>In <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> put the
285 passwd: files winbind
290 <para>In <filename>/etc/pam.d/*</filename> replace the <parameter>
291 auth</parameter> lines with something like this:
293 auth required /lib/security/pam_securetty.so
294 auth required /lib/security/pam_nologin.so
295 auth sufficient /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
296 auth required /lib/security/pam_unix.so \
297 use_first_pass shadow nullok
302 The PAM module pam_unix has recently replaced the module pam_pwdb.
303 Some Linux systems use the module pam_unix2 in place of pam_unix.
306 <para>Note in particular the use of the <parameter>sufficient
307 </parameter> keyword and the <parameter>use_first_pass</parameter> keyword. </para>
309 <para>Now replace the account lines with this: </para>
311 <para><command>account required /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
314 <para>The next step is to join the domain. To do that use the
315 <command>net</command> program like this: </para>
317 <para><command>net join -S PDC -U Administrator</command></para>
319 <para>The username after the <parameter>-U</parameter> can be any
320 Domain user that has administrator privileges on the machine.
321 Substitute the name or IP of your PDC for "PDC".</para>
323 <para>Next copy <filename>libnss_winbind.so</filename> to
324 <filename>/lib</filename> and <filename>pam_winbind.so
325 </filename> to <filename>/lib/security</filename>. A symbolic link needs to be
326 made from <filename>/lib/libnss_winbind.so</filename> to
327 <filename>/lib/libnss_winbind.so.2</filename>. If you are using an
328 older version of glibc then the target of the link should be
329 <filename>/lib/libnss_winbind.so.1</filename>.</para>
331 <para>Finally, setup a <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle>
332 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> containing directives like the
336 winbind separator = +
337 winbind cache time = 10
338 template shell = /bin/bash
339 template homedir = /home/%D/%U
340 idmap uid = 10000-20000
341 idmap gid = 10000-20000
345 </programlisting></para>
348 <para>Now start winbindd and you should find that your user and
349 group database is expanded to include your NT users and groups,
350 and that you can login to your unix box as a domain user, using
351 the DOMAIN+user syntax for the username. You may wish to use the
352 commands <command>getent passwd</command> and <command>getent group
353 </command> to confirm the correct operation of winbindd.</para>
360 <para>The following notes are useful when configuring and
361 running <command>winbindd</command>: </para>
363 <para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>nmbd</refentrytitle>
364 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> must be running on the local machine
365 for <command>winbindd</command> to work. </para>
367 <para>PAM is really easy to misconfigure. Make sure you know what
368 you are doing when modifying PAM configuration files. It is possible
369 to set up PAM such that you can no longer log into your system. </para>
371 <para>If more than one UNIX machine is running <command>winbindd</command>,
372 then in general the user and groups ids allocated by winbindd will not
373 be the same. The user and group ids will only be valid for the local
374 machine, unless a shared <smbconfoption><name>idmap
375 backend</name></smbconfoption> is configured.</para>
377 <para>If the the Windows NT SID to UNIX user and group id mapping
378 file is damaged or destroyed then the mappings will be lost. </para>
383 <title>SIGNALS</title>
385 <para>The following signals can be used to manipulate the
386 <command>winbindd</command> daemon. </para>
391 <listitem><para>Reload the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle>
392 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file and
393 apply any parameter changes to the running
394 version of winbindd. This signal also clears any cached
395 user and group information. The list of other domains trusted
396 by winbindd is also reloaded. </para></listitem>
401 <listitem><para>The SIGUSR2 signal will cause <command>
402 winbindd</command> to write status information to the winbind
405 <para>Log files are stored in the filename specified by the
406 log file parameter.</para></listitem>
416 <term><filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf(5)</filename></term>
417 <listitem><para>Name service switch configuration file.</para>
422 <term>/tmp/.winbindd/pipe</term>
423 <listitem><para>The UNIX pipe over which clients communicate with
424 the <command>winbindd</command> program. For security reasons, the
425 winbind client will only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon
426 if both the <filename>/tmp/.winbindd</filename> directory
427 and <filename>/tmp/.winbindd/pipe</filename> file are owned by
428 root. </para></listitem>
432 <term>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged/pipe</term>
433 <listitem><para>The UNIX pipe over which 'privileged' clients
434 communicate with the <command>winbindd</command> program. For security
435 reasons, access to some winbindd functions - like those needed by
436 the <command>ntlm_auth</command> utility - is restricted. By default,
437 only users in the 'root' group will get this access, however the administrator
438 may change the group permissions on $LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged to allow
439 programs like 'squid' to use ntlm_auth.
440 Note that the winbind client will only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon
441 if both the <filename>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged</filename> directory
442 and <filename>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged/pipe</filename> file are owned by
443 root. </para></listitem>
447 <term>/lib/libnss_winbind.so.X</term>
448 <listitem><para>Implementation of name service switch library.
453 <term>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_idmap.tdb</term>
454 <listitem><para>Storage for the Windows NT rid to UNIX user/group
455 id mapping. The lock directory is specified when Samba is initially
456 compiled using the <parameter>--with-lockdir</parameter> option.
457 This directory is by default <filename>/usr/local/samba/var/locks
458 </filename>. </para></listitem>
462 <term>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_cache.tdb</term>
463 <listitem><para>Storage for cached user and group information.
471 <title>VERSION</title>
473 <para>This man page is correct for version 3.0 of
474 the Samba suite.</para>
478 <title>SEE ALSO</title>
480 <para><filename>nsswitch.conf(5)</filename>, <citerefentry>
481 <refentrytitle>samba</refentrytitle>
482 <manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
483 <refentrytitle>wbinfo</refentrytitle>
484 <manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
485 <refentrytitle>ntlm_auth</refentrytitle>
486 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
487 <refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle>
488 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
489 <refentrytitle>pam_winbind</refentrytitle>
490 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></para>
494 <title>AUTHOR</title>
496 <para>The original Samba software and related utilities
497 were created by Andrew Tridgell. Samba is now developed
498 by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar
499 to the way the Linux kernel is developed.</para>
501 <para><command>wbinfo</command> and <command>winbindd</command> were
502 written by Tim Potter.</para>
504 <para>The conversion to DocBook for Samba 2.2 was done
505 by Gerald Carter. The conversion to DocBook XML 4.2 for
506 Samba 3.0 was done by Alexander Bokovoy.</para>