1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//Samba-Team//DTD DocBook V4.2-Based Variant V1.0//EN" "http://www.samba.org/samba/DTD/samba-doc">
3 <refentry id="winbindd.8">
6 <refentrytitle>winbindd</refentrytitle>
7 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
12 <refname>winbindd</refname>
13 <refpurpose>Name Service Switch daemon for resolving names
14 from NT servers</refpurpose>
19 <command>winbindd</command>
20 <arg choice="opt">-F</arg>
21 <arg choice="opt">-S</arg>
22 <arg choice="opt">-i</arg>
23 <arg choice="opt">-Y</arg>
24 <arg choice="opt">-d <debug level></arg>
25 <arg choice="opt">-s <smb config file></arg>
26 <arg choice="opt">-n</arg>
31 <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
33 <para>This program is part of the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>samba</refentrytitle>
34 <manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> suite.</para>
36 <para><command>winbindd</command> is a daemon that provides
37 a number of services to the Name Service Switch capability found
38 in most modern C libraries, to arbitary applications via PAM
39 and <command>ntlm_auth</command> and to Samba itself.</para>
41 <para>Even if winbind is not used for nsswitch, it still provides a
42 service to <command>smbd</command>, <command>ntlm_auth</command>
43 and the <command>pam_winbind.so</command> PAM module, by managing connections to
44 domain controllers. In this configuraiton the
45 <smbconfoption name="idmap uid"/> and
46 <smbconfoption name="idmap gid"/>
47 parameters are not required. (This is known as `netlogon proxy only mode'.)</para>
49 <para> The Name Service Switch allows user
50 and system information to be obtained from different databases
51 services such as NIS or DNS. The exact behaviour can be configured
52 throught the <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file.
53 Users and groups are allocated as they are resolved to a range
54 of user and group ids specified by the administrator of the
57 <para>The service provided by <command>winbindd</command> is called `winbind' and
58 can be used to resolve user and group information from a
59 Windows NT server. The service can also provide authentication
60 services via an associated PAM module. </para>
63 The <filename>pam_winbind</filename> module supports the
64 <parameter>auth</parameter>, <parameter>account</parameter>
65 and <parameter>password</parameter>
66 module-types. It should be noted that the
67 <parameter>account</parameter> module simply performs a getpwnam() to verify that
68 the system can obtain a uid for the user, as the domain
69 controller has already performed access control. If the
70 <filename>libnss_winbind</filename> library has been correctly
71 installed, or an alternate source of names configured, this should always succeed.
74 <para>The following nsswitch databases are implemented by
75 the winbindd service: </para>
80 <listitem><para>This feature is only available on IRIX.
81 User information traditionally stored in
82 the <filename>hosts(5)</filename> file and used by
83 <command>gethostbyname(3)</command> functions. Names are
84 resolved through the WINS server or by broadcast.
90 <listitem><para>User information traditionally stored in
91 the <filename>passwd(5)</filename> file and used by
92 <command>getpwent(3)</command> functions. </para></listitem>
97 <listitem><para>Group information traditionally stored in
98 the <filename>group(5)</filename> file and used by
99 <command>getgrent(3)</command> functions. </para></listitem>
103 <para>For example, the following simple configuration in the
104 <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file can be used to initially
105 resolve user and group information from <filename>/etc/passwd
106 </filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename> and then from the
109 passwd: files winbind
111 ## only available on IRIX; Linux users should us libnss_wins.so
112 hosts: files dns winbind
113 </programlisting></para>
115 <para>The following simple configuration in the
116 <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file can be used to initially
117 resolve hostnames from <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> and then from the
127 <title>OPTIONS</title>
132 <listitem><para>If specified, this parameter causes
133 the main <command>winbindd</command> process to not daemonize,
134 i.e. double-fork and disassociate with the terminal.
135 Child processes are still created as normal to service
136 each connection request, but the main process does not
137 exit. This operation mode is suitable for running
138 <command>winbindd</command> under process supervisors such
139 as <command>supervise</command> and <command>svscan</command>
140 from Daniel J. Bernstein's <command>daemontools</command>
141 package, or the AIX process monitor.
147 <listitem><para>If specified, this parameter causes
148 <command>winbindd</command> to log to standard output rather
149 than a file.</para></listitem>
157 <listitem><para>Tells <command>winbindd</command> to not
158 become a daemon and detach from the current terminal. This
159 option is used by developers when interactive debugging
160 of <command>winbindd</command> is required.
161 <command>winbindd</command> also logs to standard output,
162 as if the <command>-S</command> parameter had been given.
168 <listitem><para>Disable caching. This means winbindd will
169 always have to wait for a response from the domain controller
170 before it can respond to a client and this thus makes things
171 slower. The results will however be more accurate, since
172 results from the cache might not be up-to-date. This
173 might also temporarily hang winbindd if the DC doesn't respond.
179 <listitem><para>Single daemon mode. This means winbindd will run
180 as a single process (the mode of operation in Samba 2.2). Winbindd's
181 default behavior is to launch a child process that is responsible for
182 updating expired cache entries.
191 <title>NAME AND ID RESOLUTION</title>
193 <para>Users and groups on a Windows NT server are assigned
194 a security id (SID) which is globally unique when the
195 user or group is created. To convert the Windows NT user or group
196 into a unix user or group, a mapping between SIDs and unix user
197 and group ids is required. This is one of the jobs that <command>
198 winbindd</command> performs. </para>
200 <para>As winbindd users and groups are resolved from a server, user
201 and group ids are allocated from a specified range. This
202 is done on a first come, first served basis, although all existing
203 users and groups will be mapped as soon as a client performs a user
204 or group enumeration command. The allocated unix ids are stored
205 in a database file under the Samba lock directory and will be
208 <para>WARNING: The SID to unix id database is the only location
209 where the user and group mappings are stored by winbindd. If this
210 file is deleted or corrupted, there is no way for winbindd to
211 determine which user and group ids correspond to Windows NT user
212 and group rids. </para>
214 <para>See the <smbconfoption><name>idmap
215 backend</name></smbconfoption> parameter in
216 <filename>smb.conf</filename> for options for sharing this
217 database, such as via LDAP.</para>
222 <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
224 <para>Configuration of the <command>winbindd</command> daemon
225 is done through configuration parameters in the <citerefentry>
226 <refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
227 </citerefentry> file. All parameters should be specified in the
228 [global] section of smb.conf. </para>
232 <smbconfoption name="winbind separator"/></para></listitem>
234 <smbconfoption name="idmap uid"/></para></listitem>
236 <smbconfoption name="idmap gid"/></para></listitem>
238 <smbconfoption name="idmap backend"/></para></listitem>
240 <smbconfoption name="winbind cache time"/></para></listitem>
242 <smbconfoption name="winbind enum users"/></para></listitem>
244 <smbconfoption name="winbind enum groups"/></para></listitem>
246 <smbconfoption name="template homedir"/></para></listitem>
248 <smbconfoption name="template shell"/></para></listitem>
250 <smbconfoption name="winbind use default domain"/></para></listitem>
256 <title>EXAMPLE SETUP</title>
259 To setup winbindd for user and group lookups plus
260 authentication from a domain controller use something like the
261 following setup. This was tested on an early Red Hat Linux box.
264 <para>In <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> put the
267 passwd: files winbind
272 <para>In <filename>/etc/pam.d/*</filename> replace the <parameter>
273 auth</parameter> lines with something like this:
275 auth required /lib/security/pam_securetty.so
276 auth required /lib/security/pam_nologin.so
277 auth sufficient /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
278 auth required /lib/security/pam_unix.so \
279 use_first_pass shadow nullok
284 The PAM module pam_unix has recently replaced the module pam_pwdb.
285 Some Linux systems use the module pam_unix2 in place of pam_unix.
288 <para>Note in particular the use of the <parameter>sufficient
289 </parameter> keyword and the <parameter>use_first_pass</parameter> keyword. </para>
291 <para>Now replace the account lines with this: </para>
293 <para><command>account required /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
296 <para>The next step is to join the domain. To do that use the
297 <command>net</command> program like this: </para>
299 <para><command>net join -S PDC -U Administrator</command></para>
301 <para>The username after the <parameter>-U</parameter> can be any
302 Domain user that has administrator privileges on the machine.
303 Substitute the name or IP of your PDC for "PDC".</para>
305 <para>Next copy <filename>libnss_winbind.so</filename> to
306 <filename>/lib</filename> and <filename>pam_winbind.so
307 </filename> to <filename>/lib/security</filename>. A symbolic link needs to be
308 made from <filename>/lib/libnss_winbind.so</filename> to
309 <filename>/lib/libnss_winbind.so.2</filename>. If you are using an
310 older version of glibc then the target of the link should be
311 <filename>/lib/libnss_winbind.so.1</filename>.</para>
313 <para>Finally, setup a <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle>
314 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> containing directives like the
318 winbind separator = +
319 winbind cache time = 10
320 template shell = /bin/bash
321 template homedir = /home/%D/%U
322 idmap uid = 10000-20000
323 idmap gid = 10000-20000
327 </programlisting></para>
330 <para>Now start winbindd and you should find that your user and
331 group database is expanded to include your NT users and groups,
332 and that you can login to your unix box as a domain user, using
333 the DOMAIN+user syntax for the username. You may wish to use the
334 commands <command>getent passwd</command> and <command>getent group
335 </command> to confirm the correct operation of winbindd.</para>
342 <para>The following notes are useful when configuring and
343 running <command>winbindd</command>: </para>
345 <para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>nmbd</refentrytitle>
346 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> must be running on the local machine
347 for <command>winbindd</command> to work. </para>
349 <para>PAM is really easy to misconfigure. Make sure you know what
350 you are doing when modifying PAM configuration files. It is possible
351 to set up PAM such that you can no longer log into your system. </para>
353 <para>If more than one UNIX machine is running <command>winbindd</command>,
354 then in general the user and groups ids allocated by winbindd will not
355 be the same. The user and group ids will only be valid for the local
356 machine, unless a shared <smbconfoption><name>idmap
357 backend</name></smbconfoption> is configured.</para>
359 <para>If the the Windows NT SID to UNIX user and group id mapping
360 file is damaged or destroyed then the mappings will be lost. </para>
365 <title>SIGNALS</title>
367 <para>The following signals can be used to manipulate the
368 <command>winbindd</command> daemon. </para>
373 <listitem><para>Reload the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle>
374 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file and
375 apply any parameter changes to the running
376 version of winbindd. This signal also clears any cached
377 user and group information. The list of other domains trusted
378 by winbindd is also reloaded. </para></listitem>
383 <listitem><para>The SIGUSR2 signal will cause <command>
384 winbindd</command> to write status information to the winbind
387 <para>Log files are stored in the filename specified by the
388 log file parameter.</para></listitem>
398 <term><filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf(5)</filename></term>
399 <listitem><para>Name service switch configuration file.</para>
404 <term>/tmp/.winbindd/pipe</term>
405 <listitem><para>The UNIX pipe over which clients communicate with
406 the <command>winbindd</command> program. For security reasons, the
407 winbind client will only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon
408 if both the <filename>/tmp/.winbindd</filename> directory
409 and <filename>/tmp/.winbindd/pipe</filename> file are owned by
410 root. </para></listitem>
414 <term>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged/pipe</term>
415 <listitem><para>The UNIX pipe over which 'privileged' clients
416 communicate with the <command>winbindd</command> program. For security
417 reasons, access to some winbindd functions - like those needed by
418 the <command>ntlm_auth</command> utility - is restricted. By default,
419 only users in the 'root' group will get this access, however the administrator
420 may change the group permissions on $LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged to allow
421 programs like 'squid' to use ntlm_auth.
422 Note that the winbind client will only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon
423 if both the <filename>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged</filename> directory
424 and <filename>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged/pipe</filename> file are owned by
425 root. </para></listitem>
429 <term>/lib/libnss_winbind.so.X</term>
430 <listitem><para>Implementation of name service switch library.
435 <term>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_idmap.tdb</term>
436 <listitem><para>Storage for the Windows NT rid to UNIX user/group
437 id mapping. The lock directory is specified when Samba is initially
438 compiled using the <parameter>--with-lockdir</parameter> option.
439 This directory is by default <filename>/usr/local/samba/var/locks
440 </filename>. </para></listitem>
444 <term>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_cache.tdb</term>
445 <listitem><para>Storage for cached user and group information.
453 <title>VERSION</title>
455 <para>This man page is correct for version 3.0 of
456 the Samba suite.</para>
460 <title>SEE ALSO</title>
462 <para><filename>nsswitch.conf(5)</filename>, <citerefentry>
463 <refentrytitle>samba</refentrytitle>
464 <manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
465 <refentrytitle>wbinfo</refentrytitle>
466 <manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
467 <refentrytitle>ntlm_auth</refentrytitle>
468 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
469 <refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle>
470 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
471 <refentrytitle>pam_winbind</refentrytitle>
472 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></para>
476 <title>AUTHOR</title>
478 <para>The original Samba software and related utilities
479 were created by Andrew Tridgell. Samba is now developed
480 by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar
481 to the way the Linux kernel is developed.</para>
483 <para><command>wbinfo</command> and <command>winbindd</command> were
484 written by Tim Potter.</para>
486 <para>The conversion to DocBook for Samba 2.2 was done
487 by Gerald Carter. The conversion to DocBook XML 4.2 for
488 Samba 3.0 was done by Alexander Bokovoy.</para>