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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//Samba-Team//DTD DocBook V4.2-Based Variant V1.0//EN" "http://www.samba.org/samba/DTD/samba-doc">
3 <chapter id="simple">
4 <title>No-Frills Samba Servers</title>
6 <para>
7 This is the start of the real journey toward the successful deployment of Samba. For some this chapter
8 is the end of the road because their needs will have been adequately met. For others, this chapter is
9 the beginning of a journey that will take them well past the contents of this book. This book provides
10 example configurations of, for the greater part, complete networking solutions. The intent of this book
11 is to help you to get your Samba installation working with the least amount of pain and aggravation.
12 </para>
14 <sect1>
15 <title>Introduction</title>
17 <para>
18 This chapter lays the groundwork for understanding the basics of Samba operation.
19 Instead of a bland technical discussion, each principle is demonstrated by way of a
20 real-world scenario for which a working solution<footnote><para>The examples given mirror those documented
21 in The Official Samba-3 HOWTO and Reference Guide, Second Edition (TOSHARG2) Chapter 2, Section 2.3.1. You may gain additional
22 insight from the standalone server configurations covered in TOSHARG2, sections 2.3.1.2 through 2.3.1.4.
23 </para></footnote> is fully described.
24 </para>
26 <para>
27 The practical exercises take you on a journey through a drafting office, a charity administration
28 office, and an accounting office. You may choose to apply any or all of these exercises to your own environment.
29 </para>
31 <para>
32 Every assignment case can be implemented far more creatively, but remember that the solutions you
33 create are designed to demonstrate a particular solution possibility. With experience, you should
34 find much improved solutions compared with those presented here. By the time you complete this book,
35 you should aim to be a Samba expert, so do attempt to find better solutions and try them as you work your
36 way through the examples.
37 </para>
39 </sect1>
40 <sect1>
41 <title>Assignment Tasks</title>
43 <para>
44 Each case presented highlights different aspects of Windows networking for which a simple
45 Samba-based solution can be provided. Each has subtly different requirements taken from real-world cases.
46 The cases are briefly reviewed to cover important points. Instructions are based
47 on the assumption that the official Samba Team RPM package has been installed.
48 </para>
50 <para>
51 This chapter has three assignments built around fictitious companies:
52 </para>
54 <para>
55 <itemizedlist>
56 <listitem><para>A drafting office</para></listitem>
57 <listitem><para>A charity administration office</para></listitem>
58 <listitem><para>An accounting office</para></listitem>
59 </itemizedlist>
60 </para>
62 <para>
63 Let's get started.
64 </para>
66 <sect2>
67 <title>Drafting Office</title>
69 <para>
70 Our fictitious company is called <emphasis>Abmas Design, Inc.</emphasis> This is a three-person
71 computer-aided design (CAD) business that often has more work than can be handled. The
72 business owner hires contract draftspeople from wherever he can. They bring their own
73 notebook computers into the office. There are four permanent drafting machines. Abmas has a
74 collection of over 10 years of plans that must be available for all draftsmen to reference.
75 Abmas hires the services of an experienced network engineer to update the
76 plans that are stored on a central server one day per month. She knows how to upload
77 plans from each machine. The files available from the server must remain read-only.
78 Anyone should be able to access the plans at any time and without barriers or difficulty.
79 </para>
81 <para><indexterm><primary>Red Hat</primary></indexterm>
82 <indexterm><primary>Fedora</primary></indexterm>
83 Mr. Bob Jordan has asked you to install the new server as economically as possible. The central
84 server has a Pentium-IV 1.6GHz CPU, 768MB RAM, a 20GB IDE boot drive, a 160GB IDE second disk
85 to store plans, and a 100-base-T Ethernet card. You have already installed Red Hat Fedora CoreX and
86 have upgraded Samba to version 3.0.20 using the RPM package that is provided from the Samba
87 <ulink url="http://www.samba.org">FTP</ulink> sites. (Note: Fedora CoreX indicates your favorite
88 version.)
89 </para>
91 <para><indexterm>
92 <primary>consultant</primary>
93 </indexterm>
94 The four permanent drafting machines (Microsoft Windows workstations) have attached printers
95 and plotters that are shared on a peer-to-peer basis by any and all network users. The intent
96 is to continue to share printers in this manner. The three permanent staff work together with
97 all contractors to store all new work on one PC. A daily copy is made of the work storage
98 area to another PC for safekeeping. When the network consultant arrives, the weekly work
99 area is copied to the central server and the files are removed from the main weekly storage
100 machine. The office works best with this arrangement and does not want to change anything.
101 Old habits are too ingrained.
102 </para>
104 <sect3>
105 <title>Dissection and Discussion</title>
107 <para>
108 <indexterm><primary>file server</primary><secondary>read-only</secondary></indexterm>
109 The requirements for this server installation demand simplicity. An anonymous read-only
110 file server adequately meets all needs. The network consultant determines how
111 to upload all files from the weekly storage area to the server. This installation should
112 focus only on critical aspects of the installation.
113 </para>
115 <para>
116 It is not necessary to have specific users on the server. The site has a method for storing
117 all design files (plans). Each plan is stored in a directory that is named YYYYWW,<footnote><para>
118 This information is given purely as an example of how data may be stored in such a way that it
119 will be easy to locate records at a later date. The example is not meant to imply any instructions
120 that may be construed as essential to the design of the solution; this is something you will almost
121 certainly want to determine for yourself.</para></footnote> where
122 YYYY is the year, and WW is the week of the year. This arrangement allows work to be stored
123 by week of year to preserve the filing technique the site is familiar with.
124 There is also a customer directory that is alphabetically listed. At the top level are 26
125 directories (A-Z), in each is a second-level of directory for the first plus second letters of the name
126 (A-Z); inside each is a directory by the customers' name. Inside each directory is a symbolic
127 link to each design drawing or plan. This way of storing customer data files permits all
128 plans to be located both by customer name and by the date the work was performed, without
129 demanding the disk space that would be needed if a duplicate file copy were to be stored.
130 The share containing the plans is called <emphasis>Plans</emphasis>.
131 </para>
133 </sect3>
135 <sect3>
136 <title>Implementation</title>
138 <para>
139 It is assumed that the server is fully installed and ready for installation and
140 configuration of Samba 3.0.20 and any support files needed. All TCP/IP addresses
141 have been hard-coded. In our case the IP address of the Samba server is
142 <constant>192.168.1.1</constant> and the netmask is <constant>255.255.255.0</constant>.
143 The hostname of the server used is <constant>server</constant>.
144 </para>
146 <procedure>
147 <title>Samba Server Configuration</title>
149 <step><para>
150 Download the Samba-3 RPM packages for Red Hat Fedora Core2 from the Samba
151 <ulink url="http://www.samba.org">FTP servers.</ulink>
152 </para></step>
154 <step><para>
155 <indexterm><primary>RPM</primary><secondary>install</secondary></indexterm>
156 <indexterm><primary>package</primary></indexterm>
157 Install the RPM package using either the Red Hat Linux preferred GUI
158 tool or the <command>rpm</command>:
159 <screen>
160 &rootprompt; rpm -Uvh samba-3.0.20-1.i386.rpm
161 </screen>
162 </para></step>
164 <step><para>
165 Create a mount point for the file system that will be used to store all data files.
166 You can create a directory called <filename>/plans</filename>:
167 <screen>
168 &rootprompt; mkdir /plans
169 &rootprompt; chmod 755 /plans
170 </screen>
171 The 755 permissions on this directory (mount point) permit the owner to read, write,
172 and execute, and the group and everyone else to read and execute only.
173 </para>
175 <para>
176 <indexterm><primary>file system</primary><secondary>Ext3</secondary></indexterm>
177 Use Red Hat Linux system tools (refer to Red Hat instructions)
178 to format the 160GB hard drive with a suitable file system. An Ext3 file system
179 is suitable. Configure this drive to automatically mount using the <filename>/plans</filename>
180 directory as the mount point.
181 </para></step>
183 <step><para>
184 Install the &smb.conf; file shown in <link linkend="draft-smbconf"/> in the
185 <filename>/etc/samba</filename> directory.
187 <example id="draft-smbconf">
188 <title>Drafting Office &smb.conf; File</title>
189 <smbconfblock>
190 <smbconfcomment>Global Parameters</smbconfcomment>
191 <smbconfsection name="[global]"/>
192 <smbconfoption name="workgroup">MIDEARTH</smbconfoption>
193 <smbconfoption name="security">SHARE</smbconfoption>
195 <smbconfsection name="[Plans]"/>
196 <smbconfoption name="path">/plans</smbconfoption>
197 <smbconfoption name="read only">Yes</smbconfoption>
198 <smbconfoption name="guest ok">Yes</smbconfoption>
199 </smbconfblock>
200 </example>
201 </para></step>
203 <step><para>
204 <indexterm><primary>/etc/hosts</primary></indexterm>
205 Verify that the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file contains the following entry:
206 <screen>
207 192.168.1.1 server
208 </screen>
210 </para></step>
212 <step><para>
213 <indexterm><primary>samba</primary><secondary>starting samba</secondary></indexterm>
214 <indexterm><primary>chkconfig</primary></indexterm>
215 <indexterm><primary>starting samba</primary></indexterm>
216 Use the standard system tool to start Samba and to configure it to restart
217 automatically at every system reboot. For example,
218 <screen>
219 &rootprompt; chkconfig smb on
220 &rootprompt; /etc/rc.d/init.d/smb restart
221 </screen>
222 </para></step>
224 </procedure>
226 <procedure>
227 <title>Windows Client Configuration</title>
229 <step><para>
230 Make certain that all clients are set to the same network address range as
231 used for the Samba server. For example, one client might have an IP
232 address 192.168.1.10.
233 </para></step>
235 <step><para>
236 <indexterm><primary>netmask</primary></indexterm>
237 Ensure that the netmask used on the Windows clients matches that used
238 for the Samba server. All clients must have the same netmask, such as
239 255.255.255.0.
240 </para></step>
242 <step><para>
243 <indexterm><primary>workgroup</primary></indexterm>
244 Set the workgroup name on all clients to <constant>MIDEARTH</constant>.
245 </para></step>
247 <step><para>
248 Verify on each client that the machine called <constant>SERVER</constant>
249 is visible in the <guimenu>Network Neighborhood</guimenu>, that it is
250 possible to connect to it and see the share <guimenuitem>Plans</guimenuitem>,
251 and that it is possible to open that share to reveal its contents.
252 </para></step>
254 </procedure>
256 </sect3>
258 <sect3 id="validate1">
259 <title>Validation</title>
261 <para>
262 <indexterm><primary>validation</primary></indexterm>
263 The first priority in validating the new Samba configuration should be to check
264 that Samba answers on the loop-back interface. Then it is time to check that Samba
265 answers its own name correctly. Last, check that a client can connect to the Samba
266 server.
267 </para>
269 <procedure>
270 <step><para>
271 <indexterm><primary>smbd</primary></indexterm>
272 <indexterm><primary>daemon</primary></indexterm>
273 <indexterm><primary>smbclient</primary></indexterm>
274 To check the ability to access the <command>smbd</command> daemon
275 services, execute the following:
276 <screen>
277 &rootprompt; smbclient -L localhost -U%
278 Sharename Type Comment
279 --------- ---- -------
280 Plans Disk
281 IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba 3.0.20)
282 ADMIN$ IPC IPC Service (Samba 3.0.20)
284 Server Comment
285 --------- -------
286 SERVER Samba 3.0.20
288 Workgroup Master
289 --------- --------
290 MIDEARTH SERVER
291 </screen>
292 <indexterm><primary>loopback</primary></indexterm>
293 <indexterm><primary>NULL connection</primary></indexterm>
294 This indicates that Samba is able to respond on the loopback interface to
295 a NULL connection. The <parameter>-U%</parameter> means send an empty
296 username and an empty password. This command should be repeated after
297 Samba has been running for 15 minutes.
298 </para></step>
300 <step><para>
301 Now verify that Samba correctly handles being passed a username
302 and password, and that it answers its own name. Execute the following:
303 <screen>
304 &rootprompt; smbclient -L server -Uroot%password
305 </screen>
306 The output should be identical to the previous response. Samba has been
307 configured to ignore all usernames given; instead it uses the
308 <parameter>guest account</parameter> for all connections.
309 </para></step>
311 <step><para>
312 <indexterm><primary>Windows Explorer</primary></indexterm>
313 <indexterm><primary>Network Neighborhood</primary></indexterm>
314 From the Windows 9x/Me client, launch Windows Explorer:
315 <menuchoice>
316 <guiicon>[Desktop: right-click] Network Neighborhood</guiicon>
317 <guimenu>Explore</guimenu>
318 <guimenuitem>[Left Panel] [+] Entire Network</guimenuitem>
319 <guimenuitem>[Left Panel] [+] Server</guimenuitem>
320 <guimenuitem>[Left Panel] [+] Plans</guimenuitem>
321 </menuchoice>. In the right panel you should see the files and directories
322 (folders) that are in the <guiicon>Plans</guiicon> share.
323 </para></step>
324 </procedure>
326 </sect3>
328 </sect2>
330 <sect2>
331 <title>Charity Administration Office</title>
333 <para>
334 The fictitious charity organization is called <emphasis>Abmas Vision NL</emphasis>. This office
335 has five networked computers. Staff are all volunteers, staff changes are frequent.
336 Ms. Amy May, the director of operations, wants a no-hassle network. Anyone should be able to
337 use any PC. Only two Windows applications are used: a custom funds tracking and management package
338 that stores all files on the central server and Microsoft Word. The office prepares mail-out
339 letters, invitations, and thank-you notes. All files must be stored in perpetuity.
340 The custom funds tracking and management (FTM) software is configured to use a server named
341 <constant>SERVER</constant>, a share named <constant>FTMFILES</constant>, and a printer queue
342 named <constant>PRINTQ</constant> that uses preprinted stationery, thus demanding a
343 dedicated printer. This printer does not need to be mapped to a local printer on the workstations.
344 </para>
346 <para>
347 The FTM software has been in use since the days of Windows 3.11. The software was configured
348 by the vendor who has since gone out of business. The identities of the file
349 server and the printer are hard-coded in a configuration file that was created using a
350 setup tool that the vendor did not provide to Abmas Vision NL or to its predecessors. The
351 company that produced the software is no longer in business. In order to avoid risk of
352 any incompatibilities, the share name and the name of the target print queue must be set
353 precisely as the application expects. In fact, share names and print queue names
354 should be treated as case insensitive (i.e., case does not matter), but Abmas Vision advises
355 that if the share name is not in lowercase, the application claims it cannot find the
356 file share.
357 </para>
359 <para>
360 <indexterm><primary>print queue</primary></indexterm>
361 <indexterm><primary>print spooler</primary></indexterm>
362 Printer handling in Samba results in a significant level of confusion. Samba presents to the
363 MS Windows client only a print queue. The Samba <command>smbd</command> process passes a
364 print job sent to it from the Windows client to the native UNIX printing system. The native
365 UNIX printing system (spooler) places the job in a print queue from which it is
366 delivered to the printer. In this book, network diagrams refer to a printer by the name
367 of the print queue that services that printer. It does not matter what the fully qualified
368 name (or the hostname) of a network-attached printer is. The UNIX print spooler is configured
369 to correctly deliver all jobs to the printer.
370 </para>
372 <para>
373 This organization has a policy forbidding use of privately owned computers on site as a measure
374 to prevent leakage of confidential information. Only the five PCs owned by Abmas Vision NL are
375 used on this network.
376 </para>
378 <para>
379 <indexterm><primary>SUSE Enterprise Linux Server</primary></indexterm>
380 The central server was donated by a local computer store. It is a dual processor Pentium-III
381 server, has 1GB RAM, a 3-Ware IDE RAID Controller that has four 200GB IDE hard drives, and a
382 100-base-T network card. The office has 100-base-T permanent network connections that go to
383 a central hub, and all equipment is new. The five network computers all are equipped with Microsoft
384 Windows Me. Funding is limited, so the server has no operating system on it. You have approval
385 to install Samba on Linux, provided it works without problems. There are two HP LaserJet
386 5 PS printers that are network connected. The second printer is to be used for general
387 office and letter printing. Your recommendation to allow only the Linux server to print directly
388 to the printers was accepted. You have supplied SUSE Enterprise Linux Server 9 and
389 have upgraded Samba to version 3.0.20.
390 </para>
392 <sect3>
393 <title>Dissection and Discussion</title>
395 <para>
396 <indexterm><primary>force user</primary></indexterm>
397 <indexterm><primary>nt acl support</primary></indexterm>
398 <indexterm><primary>UID</primary></indexterm>
399 <indexterm><primary>Posix</primary></indexterm>
400 This installation demands simplicity. Frequent turnover of volunteer staff indicates that
401 a network environment that requires users to logon might be problematic. It is suggested that the
402 best solution for this office would be one where the user can log onto any PC with any username
403 and password. Samba can accommodate an office like this by using the <parameter>force user</parameter>
404 parameter in share and printer definitions. Using the <parameter>force user</parameter>
405 parameter ensures that all files are owned by same user identifier (UID) and thus that there
406 will never be a problem with file access due to file access permissions. Additionally, you elect
407 to use the <parameter>nt acl support = No</parameter> option to ensure that
408 access control lists (Posix type) cannot be written to any file or directory. This prevents
409 an inadvertent ACL from overriding actual file permissions.
410 </para>
412 <para>
413 <indexterm><primary>SUID</primary></indexterm>
414 <indexterm><primary>SGID</primary></indexterm>
415 <indexterm><primary>security</primary><secondary>share mode</secondary></indexterm>
416 This organization is a prime candidate for Share Mode security. The <parameter>force user</parameter>
417 allows all files to be owned by the same user and group. In addition, it would not hurt to
418 set SUID and set SGID shared directories. This means that all new files that are created, no matter
419 who creates it, are owned by the owner or group of the directory in which they are created.
420 For further information regarding the significance of the SUID/SGID settings, see <link
421 linkend="appendix"/>, <link linkend="ch12-SUIDSGID"/>.
422 </para>
424 <para>
425 <indexterm><primary>CUPS</primary></indexterm>
426 <indexterm><primary>printing</primary><secondary>raw</secondary></indexterm>
427 <indexterm><primary>Red Hat Linux</primary></indexterm>
428 <indexterm><primary>SUSE Linux</primary></indexterm>
429 All client workstations print to a print queue on the server. This ensures that print jobs
430 continue to print in the event that a user shuts down the workstation immediately after
431 sending a job to the printer. Today, both Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux use CUPS-based printing.
432 Older Linux systems offered a choice between the LPRng printing system or CUPS. It appears, however,
433 that CUPS has become the leading UNIX printing technology.
434 </para>
436 <para>
437 <indexterm><primary>print queue</primary></indexterm>
438 The print queues are set up as <constant>Raw</constant> devices, which means that CUPS will
439 not do intelligent print processing, and vendor-supplied drivers must be installed locally on the
440 Windows clients.
441 </para>
443 <para>
444 The hypothetical software, FTM, is representative of
445 custom-built software that directly uses a NetBIOS interface. Most such software originated in
446 the days of MS/PC DOS. NetBIOS names are uppercase (and functionally are case insensitive),
447 so some old software applications would permit only uppercase names to be entered.
448 Some such applications were later ported to MS Windows but retain the uppercase network
449 resource naming conventions because customers are familiar with that. We made the decision
450 to name shares and print queues for this application in uppercase for the same reason.
451 Nothing would break if we were to use lowercase names, but that decision might create a need
452 to retrain staff &smbmdash; something well avoided at this time.
453 </para>
455 <para>
456 NetBIOS networking does not print directly to a printer. Instead, all printing is done to a
457 print queue. The print spooling system is responsible for communicating with the physical
458 printer. In this example, therefore, the resource called <constant>PRINTQ</constant>
459 really is just a print queue. The name of the print queue is representative of
460 the device to which the print spooler delivers print jobs.
461 </para>
463 </sect3>
465 <sect3>
466 <title>Implementation</title>
468 <para>
469 It is assumed that the server is fully installed and ready for configuration of
470 Samba 3.0.20 and for necessary support files. All TCP/IP addresses should be hard-coded.
471 In our case, the IP address of the Samba server is 192.168.1.1 and the netmask is
472 255.255.255.0. The hostname of the server used is <constant>server</constant>.
473 The office network is built as shown in <link linkend="charitynet"/>.
474 </para>
476 <figure id="charitynet">
477 <title>Charity Administration Office Network</title>
478 <imagefile scale="80">Charity-Network</imagefile>
479 </figure>
481 <procedure>
482 <title>Samba Server Configuration</title>
484 <step><para>
485 <indexterm><primary>groupadd</primary></indexterm>
486 Create a group account for office file storage:
487 <screen>
488 &rootprompt; groupadd office
489 </screen>
490 </para></step>
492 <step><para>
493 <indexterm><primary>useradd</primary></indexterm>
494 <indexterm><primary>passwd</primary></indexterm>
495 Create a user account for office file storage:
496 <screen>
497 &rootprompt; useradd -m abmas
498 &rootprompt; passwd abmas
499 Changing password for abmas.
500 New password: XXXXXXXX
501 Re-enter new password: XXXXXXXX
502 Password changed
503 </screen>
504 where XXXXXXXX is a secret password.
505 </para></step>
507 <step><para>
508 Use the 3-Ware IDE RAID Controller firmware utilities to configure the four 200GB
509 drives as a single RAID level 5 drive, with one drive set aside as the hot spare.
510 (Refer to the 3-Ware RAID Controller Manual for the manufacturer's preferred procedure.)
511 The resulting drive has a capacity of approximately 500GB of usable space.
512 </para></step>
514 <step><para>
515 <indexterm><primary>permissions</primary></indexterm>
516 Create a mount point for the file system that can be used to store all data files.
517 Create a directory called <filename>/data</filename>:
518 <screen>
519 &rootprompt; mkdir /data
520 &rootprompt; chmod 755 /data
521 </screen>
522 The 755 permissions on this directory (mount point) permit the owner to read, write, and execute,
523 and the group and everyone else to read and execute only.
524 </para></step>
526 <step><para>
527 Use SUSE Linux system tools (refer to the SUSE Administrators Guide for correct
528 procedures) to format the partition with a suitable file system. The reiserfs file system
529 is suitable. Configure this drive to automount using the <filename>/data</filename>
530 directory as the mount point. It must be mounted before proceeding.
531 </para></step>
533 <step><para>
534 Under the directory called <filename>/data</filename>, create two directories
535 named <filename>ftmfiles</filename> and <filename>officefiles</filename>, and set
536 ownership and permissions:
537 <screen>
538 &rootprompt; mkdir -p /data/{ftmfiles,officefiles/{letters,invitations,misc}}
539 &rootprompt; chown -R abmas:office /data
540 &rootprompt; chmod -R ug+rwxs,o-w,o+rx /data
541 </screen>
542 These demonstrate compound operations. The <command>mkdir</command> command
543 creates in one step these directories:
544 <programlisting>
545 /data/fmtfiles
546 /data/officefiles
547 /data/officefiles/letters
548 /data/officefiles/invitations
549 /data/officefiles/misc
550 </programlisting>
551 <indexterm><primary>TOSHARG2</primary></indexterm>
552 The <command>chown</command> operation sets the owner to the user <constant>abmas</constant>
553 and the group to <constant>office</constant> on all directories just created. It recursively
554 sets the permissions so that the owner and group have SUID/SGID with read, write, and execute
555 permission, and everyone else has read and execute permission. This means that all files and
556 directories are created with the same owner and group as the directory in which they are
557 created. Any new directories created still have the same owner, group, and permissions as the
558 directory they are in. This should eliminate all permissions-based file access problems. For
559 more information on this subject, refer to TOSHARG2<footnote>The Official Samba-3 HOWTO and
560 Reference Guide, Chapter 15, File, Directory and Share Access Controls.</footnote> or refer
561 to the UNIX man page for the <command>chmod</command> and the <command>chown</command> commands.
562 </para></step>
564 <step><para>
565 Install the &smb.conf; file shown in <link linkend="charity-smbconfnew"/> in the
566 <filename>/etc/samba</filename> directory. This newer &smb.conf; file uses user-mode security
567 and is more suited to the mode of operation of Samba-3 than the older share-mode security
568 configuration that was shown in the first edition of this book.
569 </para>
571 <para>
572 Note: If you want to use the older-style configuration that uses share-mode security, you
573 can install the file shown in <link linkend="charity-smbconf"/> in the
574 <filename>/etc/samba</filename> directory.
575 </para></step>
577 <step><para>
578 <indexterm><primary>smbd</primary></indexterm>
579 We must ensure that the <command>smbd</command> can resolve the name of the Samba
580 server to its IP address. Verify that the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file
581 contains the following entry:
582 <screen>
583 192.168.1.1 server
584 </screen>
585 </para></step>
587 <step><para>
588 Configure the printers with the IP address as shown in <link linkend="charitynet"/>.
589 Follow the instructions in the manufacturer's manual to permit printing to port 9100
590 so that the CUPS spooler can print using raw mode protocols.
591 </para></step>
593 <step><para>
594 <indexterm><primary>lpadmin</primary></indexterm>
595 Configure the CUPS Print Queues:
596 <screen>
597 &rootprompt; lpadmin -p PRINTQ -v socket://192.168.1.20:9100 -E
598 &rootprompt; lpadmin -p hplj5 -v socket://192.168.1.30:9100 -E
599 </screen>
600 This creates the necessary print queues with no assigned print filter.
601 </para></step>
603 <step><para>
604 <indexterm><primary>mime type</primary></indexterm>
605 <indexterm><primary>/etc/cups/mime.convs</primary></indexterm>
606 <indexterm><primary>application/octet-stream</primary></indexterm>
607 Edit the file <filename>/etc/cups/mime.convs</filename> to uncomment the line:
608 <screen>
609 application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 -
610 </screen>
611 </para></step>
613 <step><para>
614 <indexterm><primary>/etc/cups/mime.types</primary></indexterm>
615 Edit the file <filename>/etc/cups/mime.types</filename> to uncomment the line:
616 <screen>
617 application/octet-stream
618 </screen>
619 </para></step>
621 <step><para>
622 <indexterm><primary>starting samba</primary></indexterm>
623 Use the standard system tool to start Samba and CUPS to configure them to restart
624 automatically at every system reboot. For example,
625 </para>
627 <para>
628 <indexterm><primary>starting samba</primary></indexterm>
629 <indexterm><primary>starting CUPS</primary></indexterm>
630 <indexterm><primary>chkconfig</primary></indexterm>
631 <screen>
632 &rootprompt; chkconfig smb on
633 &rootprompt; chkconfig cups on
634 &rootprompt; /etc/rc.d/init.d/smb restart
635 &rootprompt; /etc/rc.d/init.d/cups restart
636 </screen>
637 </para></step>
639 </procedure>
641 <example id="charity-smbconfnew">
642 <title>Charity Administration Office &smb.conf; New-style File</title>
643 <smbconfblock>
644 <smbconfcomment>Global Parameters - Newer Configuration</smbconfcomment>
645 <smbconfsection name="[global]"/>
646 <smbconfoption name="workgroup">MIDEARTH</smbconfoption>
647 <smbconfoption name="printing">CUPS</smbconfoption>
648 <smbconfoption name="printcap name">CUPS</smbconfoption>
649 <smbconfoption name="map to guest">Bad User</smbconfoption>
650 <smbconfoption name="show add printer wizard">No</smbconfoption>
651 <smbconfoption name="wins support">yes</smbconfoption>
653 <smbconfsection name="[FTMFILES]"/>
654 <smbconfoption name="comment">Funds Tracking & Management Files</smbconfoption>
655 <smbconfoption name="path">/data/ftmfiles</smbconfoption>
656 <smbconfoption name="read only">No</smbconfoption>
657 <smbconfoption name="force user">abmas</smbconfoption>
658 <smbconfoption name="force group">office</smbconfoption>
659 <smbconfoption name="guest ok">Yes</smbconfoption>
660 <smbconfoption name="nt acl support">No</smbconfoption>
662 <smbconfsection name="[office]"/>
663 <smbconfoption name="comment">General Office Files</smbconfoption>
664 <smbconfoption name="path">/data/officefiles</smbconfoption>
665 <smbconfoption name="read only">No</smbconfoption>
666 <smbconfoption name="force user">abmas</smbconfoption>
667 <smbconfoption name="force group">office</smbconfoption>
668 <smbconfoption name="guest ok">Yes</smbconfoption>
669 <smbconfoption name="nt acl support">No</smbconfoption>
671 <smbconfsection name="[printers]"/>
672 <smbconfoption name="comment">Print Temporary Spool Configuration</smbconfoption>
673 <smbconfoption name="path">/var/spool/samba</smbconfoption>
674 <smbconfoption name="printable">Yes</smbconfoption>
675 <smbconfoption name="guest ok">Yes</smbconfoption>
676 <smbconfoption name="use client driver">Yes</smbconfoption>
677 <smbconfoption name="browseable">No</smbconfoption>
678 </smbconfblock>
679 </example>
681 <example id="charity-smbconf">
682 <title>Charity Administration Office &smb.conf; Old-style File</title>
683 <smbconfblock>
684 <smbconfcomment>Global Parameters - Older Style Configuration</smbconfcomment>
685 <smbconfsection name="[global]"/>
686 <smbconfoption name="workgroup">MIDEARTH</smbconfoption>
687 <smbconfoption name="security">SHARE</smbconfoption>
688 <smbconfoption name="printing">CUPS</smbconfoption>
689 <smbconfoption name="printcap name">CUPS</smbconfoption>
690 <smbconfoption name="disable spoolss">Yes</smbconfoption>
691 <smbconfoption name="show add printer wizard">No</smbconfoption>
692 <smbconfoption name="wins support">yes</smbconfoption>
694 <smbconfsection name="[FTMFILES]"/>
695 <smbconfoption name="comment">Funds Tracking & Management Files</smbconfoption>
696 <smbconfoption name="path">/data/ftmfiles</smbconfoption>
697 <smbconfoption name="read only">No</smbconfoption>
698 <smbconfoption name="force user">abmas</smbconfoption>
699 <smbconfoption name="force group">office</smbconfoption>
700 <smbconfoption name="guest ok">Yes</smbconfoption>
701 <smbconfoption name="nt acl support">No</smbconfoption>
703 <smbconfsection name="[office]"/>
704 <smbconfoption name="comment">General Office Files</smbconfoption>
705 <smbconfoption name="path">/data/officefiles</smbconfoption>
706 <smbconfoption name="read only">No</smbconfoption>
707 <smbconfoption name="force user">abmas</smbconfoption>
708 <smbconfoption name="force group">office</smbconfoption>
709 <smbconfoption name="guest ok">Yes</smbconfoption>
710 <smbconfoption name="nt acl support">No</smbconfoption>
712 <smbconfsection name="[printers]"/>
713 <smbconfoption name="comment">Print Temporary Spool Configuration</smbconfoption>
714 <smbconfoption name="path">/var/spool/samba</smbconfoption>
715 <smbconfoption name="printable">Yes</smbconfoption>
716 <smbconfoption name="guest ok">Yes</smbconfoption>
717 <smbconfoption name="use client driver">Yes</smbconfoption>
718 <smbconfoption name="browseable">No</smbconfoption>
719 </smbconfblock>
720 </example>
722 <procedure>
723 <title>Windows Client Configuration</title>
725 <step><para>
726 Configure clients to the network settings shown in <link linkend="charitynet"/>.
727 </para></step>
729 <step><para>
730 Ensure that the netmask used on the Windows clients matches that used
731 for the Samba server. All clients must have the same netmask, such as
732 <constant>255.255.255.0</constant>.
733 </para></step>
735 <step><para>
736 <indexterm><primary>WINS</primary></indexterm>
737 On all Windows clients, set the WINS Server address to <constant>192.168.1.1</constant>,
738 the IP address of the server.
739 </para></step>
741 <step><para>
742 Set the workgroup name on all clients to <constant>MIDEARTH</constant>.
743 </para></step>
745 <step><para>
746 <indexterm><secondary>logon</secondary></indexterm>
747 Install the <quote>Client for Microsoft Networks.</quote> Ensure that the only option
748 enabled in its properties is the option <quote>Logon and restore network connections.</quote>
749 </para></step>
751 <step><para>
752 Click <guibutton>OK</guibutton> when you are prompted to reboot the system. Reboot the
753 system, then log on using any username and password you choose.
754 </para></step>
756 <step><para>
757 <indexterm><primary>My Network Places</primary></indexterm>
758 Verify on each client that the machine called <constant>SERVER</constant>
759 is visible in <guimenu>My Network Places</guimenu>, that it is
760 possible to connect to it and see the share <guimenuitem>office</guimenuitem>,
761 and that it is possible to open that share to reveal its contents.
762 </para></step>
764 <step><para>
765 <indexterm><primary>password caching</primary></indexterm>
766 <indexterm><primary>regedit</primary></indexterm>
767 Disable password caching on all Windows 9x/Me machines using the registry change file
768 shown in <link linkend="MEreg"/>. Be sure to remove all files that have the
769 <filename>PWL</filename> extension that are in the <filename>C:\WINDOWS</filename>
770 directory.
771 <example id="MEreg">
772 <title>Windows Me &smbmdash; Registry Edit File: Disable Password Caching</title>
773 <screen>
774 REGEDIT4
776 [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\
777 Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Network]
778 "DisablePwdCaching"=dword:00000001
779 </screen>
780 </example>
781 The best way to apply this change is to save the patch in a file called
782 <filename>ME-dpwc.reg</filename> and then execute:
783 <screen>
784 C:\WINDOWS: regedit ME-dpwc.reg
785 </screen>
786 </para></step>
788 <step><para>
789 Instruct all users to log onto the workstation using a name and password of their own
790 choosing. The Samba server has been
791 configured to ignore the username and password given.
792 </para></step>
794 <step><para>
795 On each Windows Me workstation, configure a network drive mapping to drive <filename>G:</filename>
796 that redirects to the uniform naming convention (UNC) resource
797 <filename>\\server\office</filename>. Make this a permanent drive connection:
798 </para>
799 <procedure>
800 <step><para>
801 <menuchoice>
802 Right-click <guimenu>My Network</guimenu>
803 <guimenuitem>Map Network Drive...</guimenuitem>
804 </menuchoice>
805 </para></step>
807 <step><para>
808 In the box labeled <quote>Drive:</quote>, type G.
809 </para></step>
811 <step><para>
812 In the box labeled <quote>Path:</quote>, enter
813 <filename>\\server\officefiles</filename>.
814 </para></step>
816 <step><para>
817 Click <guimenuitem>Reconnect at logon</guimenuitem>.
818 Click <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.
819 </para></step>
821 </procedure>
822 </step>
824 <step><para>
825 On each workstation, install the FTM software following the
826 manufacturer's instructions.
827 </para>
828 <procedure>
829 <step><para>
830 During installation, you are prompted for the name of the Windows 98
831 server. Enter the name <constant>SERVER</constant>.
832 </para></step>
833 <step><para>
834 You are prompted for the name of the data share.
835 The prompt defaults to <constant>FTMFILES</constant>. Press enter to accept the default value.
836 </para></step>
837 <step><para>
838 You are now prompted for the print queue name. The default prompt is the name of
839 the server you entered (<constant>SERVER</constant> as follows:
840 <constant>\\SERVER\PRINTQ</constant>). Simply accept the default and press enter to
841 continue. The software now completes the installation.
842 </para></step>
843 </procedure>
844 </step>
846 <step><para>
847 Install an office automation software package of the customer's choice. Either Microsoft
848 Office 2003 Standard or OpenOffice 1.1.0 suffices for any functions the office may
849 need to perform. Repeat this on each workstation.
850 </para></step>
852 <step><para>
853 Install a printer on each workstation using the following steps:
854 </para>
856 <procedure>
857 <step><para>
858 Click <menuchoice>
859 <guimenu>Start</guimenu>
860 <guimenuitem>Settings</guimenuitem>
861 <guimenuitem>Printers</guimenuitem>
862 <guiicon>Add Printer</guiicon>
863 <guibutton>Next</guibutton>
864 </menuchoice>. Do not click <guimenuitem>Network printer</guimenuitem>.
865 Ensure that <guimenuitem>Local printer</guimenuitem> is selected.
866 </para></step>
868 <step><para>
869 Click <guibutton>Next</guibutton>. In the Manufacturer: panel, select
870 <constant>HP</constant>. In the Printers: panel, select the printer called
871 <constant>HP LaserJet 5/5M Postscript</constant>. Click <guibutton>Next</guibutton>.
872 </para></step>
874 <step><para>
875 In the Available ports: panel, select <constant>FILE:</constant>. Accept the
876 default printer name by clicking <guibutton>Next</guibutton>. When asked,
877 <quote>Would you like to print a test page?</quote>, click
878 <guimenuitem>No</guimenuitem>. Click <guibutton>Finish</guibutton>.
879 </para></step>
881 <step><para>
882 You may be prompted for the name of a file to print to. If so, close the
883 dialog panel. Right-click <menuchoice>
884 <guiicon>HP LaserJet 5/5M Postscript</guiicon>
885 <guimenuitem>Properties</guimenuitem>
886 <guisubmenu>Details (Tab)</guisubmenu>
887 <guimenuitem>Add Port</guimenuitem>
888 </menuchoice>.
889 </para></step>
891 <step><para>
892 In the Network panel, enter the name of
893 the print queue on the Samba server as follows: <constant>\\SERVER\hplj5</constant>.
894 Click <menuchoice>
895 <guibutton>OK</guibutton>
896 <guibutton>OK</guibutton>
897 </menuchoice> to complete the installation.
898 </para></step>
900 <step><para>
901 It is a good idea to test the functionality of the complete installation before
902 handing the newly configured network over to the Charity Administration Office
903 for production use.
904 </para></step>
906 </procedure>
908 </step>
910 </procedure>
912 </sect3>
914 <sect3>
915 <title>Validation</title>
917 <para>
918 Use the same validation process as was followed in <link linkend="validate1"/>.
919 </para>
921 </sect3>
923 </sect2>
925 <sect2 id="AccountingOffice">
926 <title>Accounting Office</title>
928 <para>
929 Abmas Accounting is a 40-year-old family-run business. There are nine permanent
930 computer users. The network clients were upgraded two years ago. All computers run Windows 2000
931 Professional. This year the server will be upgraded from an old Windows NT4 server (actually
932 running Windows NT4 Workstation, which worked fine for fewer than 10 users) that has
933 run in workgroup (standalone) mode, to a new Linux server running Samba.
934 </para>
936 <para>
937 The office does not want a Domain Server. Mr. Alan Meany wants to keep the Windows 2000 Professional
938 clients running as workgroup machines so that any staff member can take a machine home and keep
939 working. It has worked well so far, and your task is to replace the old server. All users have
940 their own workstation logon (you configured it that way when the machines were installed).
941 Mr. Meany wants the new system to operate the same way as the old Windows NT4 server &smbmdash; users
942 cannot access each others' files, but he can access everyone's files. Each person's work files are
943 in a separate share on the server. Users log on to their Windows workstation with their username
944 and enter an assigned password; they do not need to enter a password when accessing their files
945 on the server.
946 </para>
948 <para>
949 <indexterm><primary>Red Hat Linux</primary></indexterm>
950 The new server will run Red Hat Fedora Core2. You should install Samba-3.0.20 and
951 copy all files from the old system to the new one. The existing Windows NT4 server has a parallel
952 port HP LaserJet 4 printer that is shared by all. The printer driver is installed on each
953 workstation. You must not change anything on the workstations. Mr. Meany gave instructions to
954 replace the server, <quote>but leave everything else alone to avoid staff unrest.</quote>
955 </para>
957 <para>
958 You have tried to educate Mr. Meany and found that he has no desire to understand networking.
959 He believes that Windows for Workgroups 3.11 was <quote>the best server Microsoft ever sold
960 </quote> and that Windows NT and 2000 are <quote>too fang-dangled complex!</quote>
961 </para>
963 <sect3>
964 <title>Dissection and Discussion</title>
966 <para>
967 <indexterm><primary>security</primary><secondary>user mode</secondary></indexterm>
968 The requirements of this network installation are not unusual. The staff are not interested in the
969 details of networking. Passwords are never changed. In this example solution, we demonstrate the use
970 of User Mode security in a simple context. Directories should be set SGID to ensure that members
971 of a common group can access the contents. Each user has his or her own share to which only they
972 can connect. Mr. Meany's share will be a top-level directory above the share point for each employee.
973 Mr. Meany is a member of the same group as his staff and can access their work files.
974 The well-used HP LaserJet 4 is available as a service called <constant>hplj</constant>.
975 </para>
977 <para>
978 You have finished configuring the new hardware and have just completed installation of Red Hat
979 Fedora Core2. Roll up your sleeves and let's get to work.
980 </para>
982 </sect3>
984 <sect3 id="AcctgNet">
985 <title>Implementation</title>
987 <para>
988 The workstations have fixed IP addresses. The old server runs Windows NT4 Workstation, so it
989 cannot be running as a WINS server. It is best that the new configuration preserves the same
990 configuration. The office does not use Internet access, so security really is not an issue.
991 </para>
993 <para>
994 The core information regarding the users, their passwords, the directory share point, and the
995 share name is given in <link linkend="acctingnet"/>. The overall network topology is shown in
996 <link linkend="acctingnet2"/>. All machines have been configured as indicated prior to the
997 start of Samba configuration. The following prescriptive steps may now commence.
998 </para>
1000 <figure id="acctingnet2">
1001 <title>Accounting Office Network Topology</title>
1002 <imagefile scale="85">AccountingNetwork</imagefile>
1003 </figure>
1005 <table id="acctingnet">
1006 <title>Accounting Office Network Information</title>
1007 <tgroup cols="6">
1008 <colspec align="left"/>
1009 <colspec align="left"/>
1010 <colspec align="left"/>
1011 <colspec align="left"/>
1012 <colspec align="left"/>
1013 <colspec align="left"/>
1014 <thead>
1015 <row>
1016 <entry>User</entry>
1017 <entry>Login-ID</entry>
1018 <entry>Password</entry>
1019 <entry>Share Name</entry>
1020 <entry>Directory</entry>
1021 <entry>Wkst</entry>
1022 </row>
1023 </thead>
1024 <tbody>
1025 <row>
1026 <entry>Alan Meany</entry>
1027 <entry>alan</entry>
1028 <entry>alm1961</entry>
1029 <entry>alan</entry>
1030 <entry>/data</entry>
1031 <entry>PC1</entry>
1032 </row>
1033 <row>
1034 <entry>James Meany</entry>
1035 <entry>james</entry>
1036 <entry>jimm1962</entry>
1037 <entry>james</entry>
1038 <entry>/data/james</entry>
1039 <entry>PC2</entry>
1040 </row>
1041 <row>
1042 <entry>Jeannie Meany</entry>
1043 <entry>jeannie</entry>
1044 <entry>jema1965</entry>
1045 <entry>jeannie</entry>
1046 <entry>/data/jeannie</entry>
1047 <entry>PC3</entry>
1048 </row>
1049 <row>
1050 <entry>Suzy Millicent</entry>
1051 <entry>suzy</entry>
1052 <entry>suzy1967</entry>
1053 <entry>suzy</entry>
1054 <entry>/data/suzy</entry>
1055 <entry>PC4</entry>
1056 </row>
1057 <row>
1058 <entry>Ursula Jenning</entry>
1059 <entry>ujen</entry>
1060 <entry>ujen1974</entry>
1061 <entry>ursula</entry>
1062 <entry>/data/ursula</entry>
1063 <entry>PC5</entry>
1064 </row>
1065 <row>
1066 <entry>Peter Pan</entry>
1067 <entry>peter</entry>
1068 <entry>pete1984</entry>
1069 <entry>peter</entry>
1070 <entry>/data/peter</entry>
1071 <entry>PC6</entry>
1072 </row>
1073 <row>
1074 <entry>Dale Roland</entry>
1075 <entry>dale</entry>
1076 <entry>dale1986</entry>
1077 <entry>dale</entry>
1078 <entry>/data/dale</entry>
1079 <entry>PC7</entry>
1080 </row>
1081 <row>
1082 <entry>Bertrand E Paoletti</entry>
1083 <entry>eric</entry>
1084 <entry>eric1993</entry>
1085 <entry>eric</entry>
1086 <entry>/data/eric</entry>
1087 <entry>PC8</entry>
1088 </row>
1089 <row>
1090 <entry>Russell Lewis</entry>
1091 <entry>russ</entry>
1092 <entry>russ2001</entry>
1093 <entry>russell</entry>
1094 <entry>/data/russell</entry>
1095 <entry>PC9</entry>
1096 </row>
1097 </tbody>
1098 </tgroup>
1099 </table>
1101 <procedure>
1102 <title>Migration from Windows NT4 Workstation System to Samba-3</title>
1104 <step><para><indexterm>
1105 <primary>migration</primary>
1106 </indexterm>
1107 Rename the old server from <constant>CASHPOOL</constant> to <constant>STABLE</constant>
1108 by logging onto the console as the <constant>Administrator</constant>. Restart the machine
1109 following system prompts.
1110 </para></step>
1112 <step><para>
1113 Name the new server <constant>CASHPOOL</constant> using the standard configuration method.
1114 Restart the machine following system prompts.
1115 </para></step>
1117 <step><para>
1118 Install the latest Samba-3 binary Red Hat Linux RPM that is available from the
1119 Samba FTP site.
1120 </para></step>
1122 <step><para>
1123 <indexterm><primary>group account</primary></indexterm>
1124 <indexterm><primary>groupadd</primary></indexterm>
1125 Add a group account for the office to use. Execute the following:
1126 <screen>
1127 &rootprompt; groupadd accts
1128 </screen>
1129 </para></step>
1131 <step><para>
1132 Install the &smb.conf; file shown<footnote><para>This example uses the
1133 <parameter>smbpasswd</parameter> file in an obtuse way, since the use of
1134 the <parameter>passdb backend</parameter> has not been specified in the &smb.conf;
1135 file. This means that you are depending on correct default behavior.</para></footnote>
1136 in <link linkend="acctconf"/>.
1137 </para></step>
1139 <step><para>
1140 <indexterm><primary>useradd</primary></indexterm>
1141 <indexterm><primary>passwd</primary></indexterm>
1142 <indexterm><primary>smbpasswd</primary></indexterm>
1143 For each user who uses this system (see <link linkend="acctingnet"/>),
1144 execute the following:
1145 <screen>
1146 &rootprompt; useradd -m -G accts -c "Name of User" "LoginID"
1147 &rootprompt; passwd "LoginID"
1148 Changing password for user "LoginID"
1149 New Password: XXXXXXXXX <-- the password from the table
1150 Retype new password: XXXXXXXXX
1151 &rootprompt; smbpasswd -a "LoginID"
1152 New SMB password: XXXXXXXXX <-- the password from the table
1153 Retype new SMB password: XXXXXXXXX
1154 Added user "LoginID"
1155 </screen>
1156 </para></step>
1158 <step><para>
1159 <indexterm><primary>data storage</primary></indexterm>
1160 Create the directory structure for the file shares by executing the following:
1161 <screen>
1162 &rootprompt; mkdir -p /data
1163 &rootprompt; chown alan /data
1164 &rootprompt; for i in james suzy ujen peter dale eric jeannie russ
1165 > do
1166 > mkdir -p /data/$i
1167 > chown $i /data/$i
1168 > done
1169 &rootprompt; chgrp -R accts /data
1170 &rootprompt; chmod -R ug+rwxs,o-r+x /data
1171 </screen>
1172 The data storage structure is now prepared for use.
1173 </para></step>
1175 <step><para>
1176 <indexterm><primary>lpadmin</primary></indexterm>
1177 Configure the CUPS Print Queues:
1178 <screen>
1179 &rootprompt; lpadmin -p hplj -v parallel:/dev/lp0 -E
1180 </screen>
1181 This creates the necessary print queues with no assigned print filter.
1182 </para></step>
1184 <step><para>
1185 <indexterm><primary>mime types</primary></indexterm>
1186 <indexterm><primary>/etc/cups/mime.convs</primary></indexterm>
1187 Edit the file <filename>/etc/cups/mime.convs</filename> to uncomment the line:
1188 <screen>
1189 application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 -
1190 </screen>
1191 </para></step>
1193 <step><para>
1194 <indexterm><primary>/etc/cups/mime.types</primary></indexterm>
1195 <indexterm><primary>application/octet-stream</primary></indexterm>
1196 Edit the file <filename>/etc/cups/mime.types</filename> to uncomment the line:
1197 <screen>
1198 application/octet-stream
1199 </screen>
1200 </para></step>
1202 <step><para>
1203 <indexterm><primary>starting samba</primary></indexterm>
1204 Use the standard system tool to start Samba and CUPS to configure them to restart
1205 automatically at every system reboot. For example,
1206 </para>
1208 <para>
1209 <indexterm><primary>starting samba</primary></indexterm>
1210 <indexterm><primary>startingCUPS</primary></indexterm>
1211 <indexterm><primary>chkconfig</primary></indexterm>
1212 <screen>
1213 &rootprompt; chkconfig smb on
1214 &rootprompt; chkconfig cups on
1215 &rootprompt; /etc/rc.d/init.d/smb restart
1216 &rootprompt; /etc/rc.d/init.d/cups restart
1217 </screen>
1218 </para></step>
1220 <step><para>
1221 On Alan's workstation, use Windows Explorer to migrate the files from the old server
1222 to the new server. The new server should appear in the <guimenu>Network Neighborhood</guimenu>
1223 with the name of the old server (<constant>CASHPOOL</constant>).
1224 </para>
1226 <procedure>
1228 <step><para>
1229 Log on to Alan's workstation as the user <constant>alan</constant>.
1230 </para></step>
1232 <step><para>
1233 Launch a second instance of Windows Explorer and navigate to the share called
1234 <guiicon>files</guiicon> on the server called <guimenu>STABLE</guimenu>.
1235 </para></step>
1237 <step><para>
1238 Click in the right panel, and press <guimenu>Ctrl-A</guimenu> to select all files and
1239 directories. Press <guimenu>Ctrl-C</guimenu> to instruct Windows that you wish to
1240 copy all selected items.
1241 </para></step>
1243 <step><para>
1244 Launch the Windows Explorer, and navigate to the share called <guiicon>files</guiicon>
1245 on the server called <guimenu>CASHPOOL</guimenu>. Click in the right panel, and then press
1246 <guimenu>Ctrl-V</guimenu> to commence the copying process.
1247 </para></step>
1249 </procedure>
1250 </step>
1252 <step><para>
1253 Verify that the files are being copied correctly from the Windows NT4 machine to the Samba-3 server.
1254 This is best done on the Samba-3 server. Check the contents of the directory tree under
1255 <filename>/data</filename> by executing the following command:
1256 <screen>
1257 &rootprompt; ls -aR /data
1258 </screen>
1259 Make certain to check the ownership and permissions on all files. If in doubt, execute the following:
1260 <screen>
1261 &rootprompt; chown alan /data
1262 &rootprompt; for i in james suzy ujen peter dale eric jeannie russ
1263 > do
1264 > chown $i /data/$i
1265 > done
1266 &rootprompt; chgrp -R accts /data
1267 &rootprompt; chmod -R ug+rwxs,o-r+x /data
1268 </screen>
1269 </para></step>
1271 <step><para>
1272 The migration of all data should now be complete. It is time to validate the installation.
1273 For this, you should make sure all applications, including printing, work before asking the
1274 customer to test drive the new network.
1275 </para></step>
1277 </procedure>
1279 <example id="acctconf">
1280 <title>Accounting Office Network &smb.conf; Old Style Configuration File</title>
1281 <smbconfblock>
1282 <smbconfcomment>Global parameters</smbconfcomment>
1283 <smbconfsection name="[global]"/>
1284 <smbconfoption name="workgroup">BILLMORE</smbconfoption>
1285 <smbconfoption name="printcap name">CUPS</smbconfoption>
1286 <smbconfoption name="disable spoolss">Yes</smbconfoption>
1287 <smbconfoption name="show add printer wizard">No</smbconfoption>
1288 <smbconfoption name="printing">cups</smbconfoption>
1290 <smbconfsection name="[files]"/>
1291 <smbconfoption name="comment">Work area files</smbconfoption>
1292 <smbconfoption name="path">/data/%U</smbconfoption>
1293 <smbconfoption name="read only">No</smbconfoption>
1295 <smbconfsection name="[master]"/>
1296 <smbconfoption name="comment">Master work area files</smbconfoption>
1297 <smbconfoption name="path">/data</smbconfoption>
1298 <smbconfoption name="valid users">alan</smbconfoption>
1299 <smbconfoption name="read only">No</smbconfoption>
1301 <smbconfsection name="[printers]"/>
1302 <smbconfoption name="comment">Print Temporary Spool Configuration</smbconfoption>
1303 <smbconfoption name="path">/var/spool/samba</smbconfoption>
1304 <smbconfoption name="printable">Yes</smbconfoption>
1305 <smbconfoption name="guest ok">Yes</smbconfoption>
1306 <smbconfoption name="use client driver">Yes</smbconfoption>
1307 <smbconfoption name="browseable">No</smbconfoption>
1308 </smbconfblock>
1309 </example>
1311 </sect3>
1312 </sect2>
1313 </sect1>
1315 <sect1>
1316 <title>Questions and Answers</title>
1318 <para>
1319 The following questions and answers draw from the examples in this chapter.
1320 Many design decisions are impacted by the configurations chosen. The intent
1321 is to expose some of the hidden implications.
1322 </para>
1324 <qandaset defaultlabel="chap02qa" type="number">
1325 <qandaentry>
1326 <question>
1328 <para>
1329 What makes an anonymous Samba server more simple than a non-anonymous Samba server?
1330 </para>
1332 </question>
1333 <answer>
1335 <para>
1336 In the anonymous server, the only account used is the <constant>guest</constant> account.
1337 In a non-anonymous configuration, it is necessary to add real user accounts to both the
1338 UNIX system and to the Samba configuration. Non-anonymous servers require additional
1339 administration.
1340 </para>
1342 </answer>
1343 </qandaentry>
1345 <qandaentry>
1346 <question>
1348 <para>
1349 How is the operation of the parameter <parameter>force user</parameter> different from
1350 setting the root directory of the share SUID?
1351 </para>
1353 </question>
1354 <answer>
1356 <para>
1357 The parameter <parameter>force user</parameter> causes all operations on the share to assume the UID
1358 of the forced user. The new default GID that applies is the primary GID of the forced user.
1359 This gives all users of this resource the actual privilege of the forced user.
1360 </para>
1362 <para>
1363 When a directory is set SUID, the operating system forces files that are written within it
1364 to be owned by the owner of the directory. While this happens, the user who is using the share
1365 has only the level of privilege he or she is assigned within the operating system context.
1366 </para>
1368 <para>
1369 The parameter <parameter>force user</parameter> has potential security implications that go
1370 beyond the actual share root directory. Be careful and wary of using this parameter.
1371 </para>
1373 </answer>
1374 </qandaentry>
1376 <qandaentry>
1377 <question>
1379 <para>
1380 When would you both use the per share parameter <parameter>force user</parameter> and set
1381 the share root directory SUID?
1382 </para>
1384 </question>
1385 <answer>
1387 <para>
1388 You would use both parameters when it is necessary to guarantee that all share handling operations
1389 are conducted as the forced user, while all file and directory creation are done as the SUID
1390 directory owner.
1391 </para>
1393 </answer>
1394 </qandaentry>
1396 <qandaentry>
1397 <question>
1399 <para>
1400 What is better about CUPS printing than LPRng printing?
1401 </para>
1403 </question>
1404 <answer>
1406 <para>
1407 CUPS is a print spooling system that has integrated remote management facilities, provides completely
1408 automated print processing/preprocessing, and can be configured to automatically
1409 apply print preprocessing filters to ensure that a print job submitted is correctly rendered for the
1410 target printer. CUPS includes an image file RIP that supports printing of image files to
1411 non-PostScript printers. CUPS has lots of bells and whistles and is more like a supercharged MS Windows
1412 NT/200x print monitor and processor. Its complexity can be eliminated or turbocharged to suit
1413 any fancy.
1414 </para>
1416 <para>
1417 The LPRng software is an enhanced, extended, and portable implementation of the Berkeley LPR print
1418 spooler functionality. It provides the same interface and meets RFC1179 requirements. LPRng can be
1419 configured to act like CUPS, but it is in principle a replacement for the old Berkeley lpr/lpd
1420 spooler. LPRng is generally preferred by those who are familiar with Berkeley lpr/lpd.
1421 </para>
1423 <para>
1424 Which spooling system is better is a matter of personal taste. It depends on what you want to do and how you want to
1425 do it and manage it. Most modern Linux systems ship with CUPS as the default print management system.
1426 </para>
1428 </answer>
1429 </qandaentry>
1431 <qandaentry>
1432 <question>
1434 <para>
1435 When should Windows client IP addresses be hard-coded?
1436 </para>
1438 </question>
1439 <answer>
1441 <para>
1442 When there are few MS Windows clients, little client change, no mobile users, and users are not
1443 inclined to tamper with network settings, it is a safe and convenient matter to hard-code Windows
1444 client TCP/IP settings. Given that it is possible to lock down the Windows desktop and remove
1445 user ability to access network configuration controls, fixed configuration eliminates the need
1446 for a DHCP server. This reduces maintenance overheads and eliminates a possible point of network
1447 failure.
1448 </para>
1450 </answer>
1451 </qandaentry>
1453 <qandaentry>
1454 <question>
1456 <para>
1457 Under what circumstances is it best to use a DHCP server?
1458 </para>
1460 </question>
1461 <answer>
1463 <para>
1464 In network configurations where there are mobile users, or where Windows client PCs move around
1465 (particularly between offices or between subnets), it makes complete sense to control all Windows
1466 client configurations using a DHCP server. Additionally, when users do tamper with the network
1467 settings, DHCP can be used to normalize all client settings.
1468 </para>
1470 <para>
1471 One underappreciated benefit of using a DHCP server to assign all network client
1472 device TCP/IP settings is that it makes it a pain-free process to change network TCP/IP
1473 settings, change network addressing, or enhance the ability of client devices to
1474 benefit from new network services.
1475 </para>
1477 <para>
1478 Another benefit of modern DHCP servers is their ability to register dynamically
1479 assigned IP addresses with the DNS server. The benefits of Dynamic DNS (DDNS) are considerable in
1480 a large Windows network environment.
1481 </para>
1483 </answer>
1484 </qandaentry>
1486 <qandaentry>
1487 <question>
1489 <para>
1490 What is the purpose of setting the parameter <parameter>guest ok</parameter> on a share?
1491 </para>
1493 </question>
1494 <answer>
1496 <para>
1497 If this parameter is set to yes for a service, then no password is required to connect to the service.
1498 Privileges are those of the guest account.
1499 </para>
1501 </answer>
1502 </qandaentry>
1504 <qandaentry>
1505 <question>
1507 <para>
1508 When would you set the global parameter <parameter>disable spoolss</parameter>?
1509 </para>
1511 </question>
1512 <answer>
1514 <para>
1515 Setting this parameter to <constant>Yes</constant> disables Samba's support for the SPOOLSS set of
1516 MS-RPCs and yields behavior identical to Samba 2.0.x. Windows NT/2000 clients can downgrade to
1517 using LanMan style printing commands. Windows 9x/Me are unaffected by the parameter. However, this
1518 disables the ability to upload printer drivers to a Samba server via the Windows NT/200x Add Printer
1519 Wizard or by using the NT printer properties dialog window. It also disables the capability of
1520 Windows NT/200x clients to download print drivers from the Samba host on demand. Be extremely careful about
1521 setting this parameter.
1522 </para>
1524 <para>
1525 The alternate parameter <parameter>use client driver</parameter> applies only to Windows NT/200x clients. It has no
1526 effect on Windows 95/98/Me clients. When serving a printer to Windows NT/200x clients without first installing a valid
1527 printer driver on the Samba host, the client is required to install a local printer driver. From this point on,
1528 the client treats the printer as a local printer and not a network printer connection. This is much the same behavior
1529 that occurs when <parameter>disable spoolss = yes</parameter>.
1530 </para>
1532 <para>
1533 Under normal circumstances, the NT/200x client attempts to open the network printer using MS-RPC. Because the client
1534 considers the printer to be local, it attempts to issue the <parameter>OpenPrinterEx()</parameter> call requesting
1535 access rights associated with the logged on user. If the user possesses local administrator rights but not root
1536 privilege on the Samba host (often the case), the <parameter>OpenPrinterEx()</parameter> call fails. The result is
1537 that the client now displays an <quote>Access Denied; Unable to connect</quote> message in the printer queue window
1538 (even though jobs may be printed successfully). This parameter MUST not be enabled on a print share that has a valid
1539 print driver installed on the Samba server.
1540 </para>
1542 </answer>
1543 </qandaentry>
1545 <qandaentry>
1546 <question>
1548 <para>
1549 Why would you disable password caching on Windows 9x/Me clients?
1550 </para>
1552 </question>
1553 <answer>
1555 <para>
1556 Windows 9x/Me workstations that are set at default (password caching enabled) store the username and
1557 password in files located in the Windows master directory. Such files can be scavenged (read off a client
1558 machine) and decrypted, thus revealing the user's access credentials for all systems the user may have accessed.
1559 It is most insecure to allow any Windows 9x/Me client to operate with password caching enabled.
1560 </para>
1562 </answer>
1563 </qandaentry>
1565 <qandaentry>
1566 <question>
1568 <para>
1569 The example of Abmas Accounting uses User Mode security. How does this provide anonymous access?
1570 </para>
1572 </question>
1573 <answer>
1575 <para>
1576 The example used does not provide anonymous access. Since the clients are all Windows 2000 Professional,
1577 and given that users are logging onto their machines, by default the client attempts to connect to
1578 a remote server using currently logged in user credentials. By ensuring that the user's login ID and
1579 password are the same as those set on the Samba server, access is transparent and does not require
1580 separate user authentication.
1581 </para>
1583 </answer>
1584 </qandaentry>
1586 </qandaset>
1588 </sect1>
1590 </chapter>