1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//Samba-Team//DTD DocBook V4.2-Based Variant V1.0//EN" "http://www.samba.org/samba/DTD/samba-doc">
3 <chapter id="CodingSuggestions">
6 <firstname>Steve</firstname><surname>French</surname>
9 <firstname>Simo</firstname><surname>Sorce</surname>
12 <firstname>Andrew</firstname><surname>Bartlett</surname>
15 <firstname>Tim</firstname><surname>Potter</surname>
18 <firstname>Martin</firstname><surname>Pool</surname>
22 <title>Coding Suggestions</title>
25 So you want to add code to Samba ...
29 One of the daunting tasks facing a programmer attempting to write code for
30 Samba is understanding the various coding conventions used by those most
31 active in the project. These conventions were mostly unwritten and helped
32 improve either the portability, stability or consistency of the code. This
33 document will attempt to document a few of the more important coding
34 practices used at this time on the Samba project. The coding practices are
35 expected to change slightly over time, and even to grow as more is learned
36 about obscure portability considerations. Two existing documents
37 <filename>samba/source/internals.doc</filename> and
38 <filename>samba/source/architecture.doc</filename> provide
39 additional information.
43 The loosely related question of coding style is very personal and this
44 document does not attempt to address that subject, except to say that I
45 have observed that eight character tabs seem to be preferred in Samba
46 source. If you are interested in the topic of coding style, two oft-quoted
51 <ulink url="http://lxr.linux.no/source/Documentation/CodingStyle">http://lxr.linux.no/source/Documentation/CodingStyle</ulink>
55 <ulink url="http://www.fsf.org/prep/standards_toc.html">http://www.fsf.org/prep/standards_toc.html</ulink>
59 But note that coding style in Samba varies due to the many different
60 programmers who have contributed.
64 Following are some considerations you should use when adding new code to
65 Samba. First and foremost remember that:
69 Portability is a primary consideration in adding function, as is network
70 compatability with de facto, existing, real world CIFS/SMB implementations.
71 There are lots of platforms that Samba builds on so use caution when adding
72 a call to a library function that is not invoked in existing Samba code.
73 Also note that there are many quite different SMB/CIFS clients that Samba
74 tries to support, not all of which follow the SNIA CIFS Technical Reference
75 (or the earlier Microsoft reference documents or the X/Open book on the SMB
80 Here are some other suggestions:
86 use d_printf instead of printf for display text
87 reason: enable auto-substitution of translated language text
91 use SAFE_FREE instead of free
92 reason: reduce traps due to null pointers
96 don't use bzero use memset, or ZERO_STRUCT and ZERO_STRUCTP macros
101 don't use strcpy and strlen (use safe_* equivalents)
102 reason: to avoid traps due to buffer overruns
106 don't use getopt_long, use popt functions instead
111 explicitly add const qualifiers on parm passing in functions where parm
112 is input only (somewhat controversial but const can be #defined away)
116 when passing a va_list as an arg, or assigning one to another
117 please use the VA_COPY() macro
118 reason: on some platforms, va_list is a struct that must be
119 initialized in each function...can SEGV if you don't.
123 discourage use of threads
124 reason: portability (also see architecture.doc)
128 don't explicitly include new header files in C files - new h files
129 should be included by adding them once to includes.h
134 don't explicitly extern functions (they are autogenerated by
135 "make proto" into proto.h)
140 use endian safe macros when unpacking SMBs (see byteorder.h and
142 reason: not everyone uses Intel
146 Note Unicode implications of charset handling (see internals.doc). See
147 pull_* and push_* and convert_string functions.
148 reason: Internationalization
152 Don't assume English only
157 Try to avoid using in/out parameters (functions that return data which
158 overwrites input parameters)
159 reason: Can cause stability problems
163 Ensure copyright notices are correct, don't append Tridge's name to code
164 that he didn't write. If you did not write the code, make sure that it
165 can coexist with the rest of the Samba GPLed code.
169 Consider usage of DATA_BLOBs for length specified byte-data.
174 Take advantage of tdbs for database like function
179 Don't access the SAM_ACCOUNT structure directly, they should be accessed
180 via pdb_get...() and pdb_set...() functions.
181 reason: stability, consistency
185 Don't check a password directly against the passdb, always use the
186 check_password() interface.
187 reason: long term pluggability
191 Try to use asprintf rather than pstrings and fstrings where possible
195 Use normal C comments / * instead of C++ comments // like
196 this. Although the C++ comment format is part of the C99
197 standard, some older vendor C compilers do not accept it.
201 Try to write documentation for API functions and structures
202 explaining the point of the code, the way it should be used, and
203 any special conditions or results. Mark these with a double-star
204 comment start / ** so that they can be picked up by Doxygen, as in
209 Keep the scope narrow. This means making functions/variables
210 static whenever possible. We don't want our namespace
211 polluted. Each module should have a minimal number of externally
212 visible functions or variables.
216 Use function pointers to keep knowledge about particular pieces of
217 code isolated in one place. We don't want a particular piece of
218 functionality to be spread out across lots of places - that makes
219 for fragile, hand to maintain code. Instead, design an interface
220 and use tables containing function pointers to implement specific
221 functionality. This is particularly important for command
226 Think carefully about what it will be like for someone else to add
227 to and maintain your code. If it would be hard for someone else to
228 maintain then do it another way.
234 The suggestions above are simply that, suggestions, but the information may
235 help in reducing the routine rework done on new code. The preceeding list
236 is expected to change routinely as new support routines and macros are