1 Coding conventions in the Samba tree
2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
10 Coding style guidelines are about reducing the number of unnecessary
11 reformatting patches and making things easier for developers to work
13 You don't have to like them or even agree with them, but once put in place
14 we all have to abide by them (or vote to change them). However, coding
15 style should never outweigh coding itself and so the guidelines
16 described here are hopefully easy enough to follow as they are very
17 common and supported by tools and editors.
19 The basic style for C code is the Linux kernel coding style (See
20 Documentation/CodingStyle in the kernel source tree). This closely matches
21 what most Samba developers use already anyways, with a few exceptions as
24 The coding style for Python code is documented in PEP8,
25 https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/. New Python code should be compatible
26 with Python 2.6, 2.7, and Python 3.4 onwards. This means using Python 3 syntax
27 with the appropriate 'from __future__' imports.
29 But to save you the trouble of reading the Linux kernel style guide, here
32 * Maximum Line Width is 80 Characters
33 The reason is not about people with low-res screens but rather sticking
34 to 80 columns prevents you from easily nesting more than one level of
35 if statements or other code blocks. Use source3/script/count_80_col.pl
36 to check your changes.
38 * Use 8 Space Tabs to Indent
39 No whitespace fillers.
41 * No Trailing Whitespace
42 Use source3/script/strip_trail_ws.pl to clean up your files before
45 * Follow the K&R guidelines. We won't go through all of them here. Do you
46 have a copy of "The C Programming Language" anyways right? You can also use
47 the format_indent.sh script found in source3/script/ if all else fails.
57 Add the follow to your $HOME/.emacs file:
59 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook
62 (c-toggle-auto-state)))
67 (Thanks to SATOH Fumiyasu <fumiyas@osstech.jp> for these hints):
69 For the basic vi editor included with all variants of \*nix, add the
70 following to $HOME/.exrc:
75 For Vim, the following settings in $HOME/.vimrc will also deal with
76 displaying trailing whitespace:
78 if has("syntax") && (&t_Co > 2 || has("gui_running"))
80 function! ActivateInvisibleCharIndicator()
81 syntax match TrailingSpace "[ \t]\+$" display containedin=ALL
82 highlight TrailingSpace ctermbg=Red
84 autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead * call ActivateInvisibleCharIndicator()
86 " Show tabs, trailing whitespace, and continued lines visually
87 set list listchars=tab:»·,trail:·,extends:…
89 " highlight overly long lines same as TODOs.
91 autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.c,*.h exec 'match Todo /\%>' . &textwidth . 'v.\+/'
98 BreakBeforeBraces: Linux
99 AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: false
100 IndentCaseLabels: false
101 BinPackParameters: false
102 BinPackArguments: false
105 =========================
106 FAQ & Statement Reference
107 =========================
112 Comments should always use the standard C syntax. C++
113 style comments are not currently allowed.
115 The lines before a comment should be empty. If the comment directly
116 belongs to the following code, there should be no empty line
117 after the comment, except if the comment contains a summary
118 of multiple following code blocks.
126 * This is a multi line comment,
127 * which explains the logical steps we have to do:
129 * 1. We need to set i=5, because...
130 * 2. We need to call complex_fn1
133 /* This is a one line comment about i = 5. */
137 * This is a multi line comment,
138 * explaining the call to complex_fn1()
145 * @brief This is a doxygen comment.
147 * This is a more detailed explanation of
148 * this simple function.
150 * @param[in] param1 The parameter value of the function.
152 * @param[out] result1 The result value of the function.
154 * @return 0 on success and -1 on error.
156 int example(int param1, int *result1);
163 * This is a multi line comment,
164 * which explains the logical steps we have to do:
166 * 1. We need to set i=5, because...
167 * 2. We need to call complex_fn1
169 /* This is a one line comment about i = 5. */
172 * This is a multi line comment,
173 * explaining the call to complex_fn1()
179 /*This is a one line comment.*/
181 /* This is a multi line comment,
182 with some more words...*/
185 * This is a multi line comment,
186 * with some more words...*/
188 Indention & Whitespace & 80 columns
189 -----------------------------------
191 To avoid confusion, indentations have to be tabs with length 8 (not 8
192 ' ' characters). When wrapping parameters for function calls,
193 align the parameter list with the first parameter on the previous line.
194 Use tabs to get as close as possible and then fill in the final 7
195 characters or less with whitespace. For example,
197 var1 = foo(arg1, arg2,
200 The previous example is intended to illustrate alignment of function
201 parameters across lines and not as encourage for gratuitous line
202 splitting. Never split a line before columns 70 - 79 unless you
203 have a really good reason. Be smart about formatting.
205 One exception to the previous rule is function calls, declarations, and
206 definitions. In function calls, declarations, and definitions, either the
207 declaration is a one-liner, or each parameter is listed on its own
208 line. The rationale is that if there are many parameters, each one
209 should be on its own line to make tracking interface changes easier.
212 If, switch, & Code blocks
213 -------------------------
215 Always follow an 'if' keyword with a space but don't include additional
216 spaces following or preceding the parentheses in the conditional.
225 Yes we have a lot of code that uses the second form and we are trying
226 to clean it up without being overly intrusive.
228 Note that this is a rule about parentheses following keywords and not
229 functions. Don't insert a space between the name and left parentheses when
232 Braces for code blocks used by for, if, switch, while, do..while, etc.
233 should begin on the same line as the statement keyword and end on a line
234 of their own. You should always include braces, even if the block only
235 contains one statement. NOTE: Functions are different and the beginning left
236 brace should be located in the first column on the next line.
238 If the beginning statement has to be broken across lines due to length,
239 the beginning brace should be on a line of its own.
241 The exception to the ending rule is when the closing brace is followed by
242 another language keyword such as else or the closing while in a do..while
251 for (x=1; x<10; x++) {
255 for (really_really_really_really_long_var_name=0;
256 really_really_really_really_long_var_name<10;
257 really_really_really_really_long_var_name++)
259 print("%d\n", really_really_really_really_long_var_name);
263 printf("also good\n");
270 print("I'm in a loop!\n"); }
280 print("I should be in braces.\n");
286 While many people have been academically taught that "goto"s are
287 fundamentally evil, they can greatly enhance readability and reduce memory
288 leaks when used as the single exit point from a function. But in no Samba
289 world what so ever is a goto outside of a function or block of code a good
294 int function foo(int y)
300 z = malloc(sizeof(int) * y);
307 print("Allocated %d elements.\n", y);
321 Samba has large amounts of historical code which makes use of data types
322 commonly supported by the C99 standard. However, at the time such types
323 as boolean and exact width integers did not exist and Samba developers
324 were forced to provide their own. Now that these types are guaranteed to
325 be available either as part of the compiler C99 support or from
326 lib/replace/, new code should adhere to the following conventions:
328 * Booleans are of type "bool" (not BOOL)
329 * Boolean values are "true" and "false" (not True or False)
330 * Exact width integers are of type [u]int[8|16|32|64]_t
332 Most of the time a good name for a boolean variable is 'ok'. Here is an
333 example we often use:
342 It makes the code more readable and is easy to debug.
347 Samba tries to avoid "typedef struct { .. } x_t;" so we do always try to use
348 "struct x { .. };". We know there are still such typedefs in the code,
349 but for new code, please don't do that anymore.
354 All pointer variables MUST be initialized to NULL. History has
355 demonstrated that uninitialized pointer variables have lead to various
356 bugs and security issues.
358 Pointers MUST be initialized even if the assignment directly follows
359 the declaration, like pointer2 in the example below, because the
360 instructions sequence may change over time.
364 char *pointer1 = NULL;
365 char *pointer2 = NULL;
367 pointer2 = some_func2();
371 pointer1 = some_func1();
378 pointer2 = some_func2();
382 pointer1 = some_func1();
384 Make use of helper variables
385 ----------------------------
387 Please try to avoid passing function calls as function parameters
388 in new code. This makes the code much easier to read and
389 it's also easier to use the "step" command within gdb.
396 name = get_some_name();
401 ret = some_function_my_name(name);
407 ret = some_function_my_name(get_some_name());
410 Please try to avoid passing function return values to if- or
411 while-conditions. The reason for this is better handling of code under a
416 x = malloc(sizeof(short)*10);
418 fprintf(stderr, "Unable to alloc memory!\n");
423 if ((x = malloc(sizeof(short)*10)) == NULL ) {
424 fprintf(stderr, "Unable to alloc memory!\n");
427 There are exceptions to this rule. One example is walking a data structure in
430 while ((opt = poptGetNextOpt(pc)) != -1) {
431 ... do something with opt ...
434 But in general, please try to avoid this pattern.
437 Control-Flow changing macros
438 ----------------------------
440 Macros like NT_STATUS_NOT_OK_RETURN that change control flow
441 (return/goto/etc) from within the macro are considered bad, because
442 they look like function calls that never change control flow. Please
443 do not use them in new code.
445 The only exception is the test code that depends repeated use of calls
446 like CHECK_STATUS, CHECK_VAL and others.
454 frame = talloc_stackframe();
456 if (ret == LDB_SUCCESS) {
457 if (result->count == 0) {
458 ret = LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT;
460 struct ldb_message *match =
461 get_best_match(dn, result);
464 return LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR;
466 *msg = talloc_move(mem_ctx, &match);
475 frame = talloc_stackframe();
477 if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
482 if (result->count == 0) {
484 return LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT;
487 match = get_best_match(dn, result);
490 return LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR;
493 *msg = talloc_move(mem_ctx, &match);
501 Use these following macros instead of DEBUG:
503 DBG_ERR log level 0 error conditions
504 DBG_WARNING log level 1 warning conditions
505 DBG_NOTICE log level 3 normal, but significant, condition
506 DBG_INFO log level 5 informational message
507 DBG_DEBUG log level 10 debug-level message
511 DBG_ERR("Memory allocation failed\n");
512 DBG_DEBUG("Received %d bytes\n", count);
514 The messages from these macros are automatically prefixed with the