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7 <h1 class="head0">Chapter 5. Unix Clients</h1>
9 <p><a name="INDEX-1"/>In <a href="ch03.html">Chapter 3</a> we showed you how to configure Windows systems
10 to access shared resources on both Windows and Samba servers. This
11 has probably opened up a whole new world of computing for
12 you&mdash;one in which you have to run to a Windows system every time
13 you want to copy a file between Unix and Windows! In this chapter, we
14 will show you the &quot;other
15 side&quot;&mdash;how to access SMB shares from your
16 favorite Unix system.</p>
18 <p>You can access SMB resources from Unix in three ways, depending on
19 your version of Unix. A program included with the Samba distribution
20 called <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em><a name="INDEX-2"/> can be used to connect with a share on
21 the network in a manner similar to using <em class="emphasis">ftp</em>
22 when transferring files to or from an FTP site.</p>
24 <p>If your system is running Linux, you can use the
25 <a name="INDEX-3"/>smbfs
26 filesystem to mount SMB shares right onto your Linux filesystem, just
27 as you would mount a disk partition or NFS filesystem. The SMB shares
28 can then be accessed and manipulated by all programs running on the
29 Linux system: command shells, desktop GUI interfaces, and application
30 software.</p>
32 <p>On some BSD-based systems, including Mac OS X, a pair of utilities
33 named <em class="emphasis">smbutil</em> <a name="INDEX-4"/>and <em class="emphasis">mount_smbfs</em>
34 <a name="INDEX-5"/>can be used to query SMB servers and
35 mount shares.</p>
37 <p>For other Unix variants,
38 <em class="emphasis">smbsh</em><a name="INDEX-6"/> can be run to enable common shell
39 commands such as <em class="emphasis">cd</em>, <em class="emphasis">ls</em>,
40 <em class="emphasis">mv, wc</em>, and <em class="emphasis">grep</em> to access
41 and manipulate files and directories on SMB shares. This effectively
42 extends the reach of the Unix shell and utilities beyond the Unix
43 filesystem and into the SMB network.</p>
45 <p>All the Unix clients can access shares offered by either Windows
46 systems or Samba servers. We have already shown you how to set up a
47 share on a Samba server and could use that as an example to work
48 with. But it's much more fun to use the Unix clients
49 with shares served by Windows systems. So before we start covering
50 the Unix clients in detail, we will take a quick detour and show you
51 how to set up file shares on both Windows 95/98/Me and Windows
52 NT/2000/XP systems.</p>
55 <div class="sect1"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-SECT-1"/>
57 <h2 class="head1">Sharing Files on Windows 95/98/Me</h2>
59 <p>When <a name="INDEX-7"/><a name="INDEX-8"/>sharing files on Windows 95/98/Me, you
60 can authenticate users in two different ways.
61 <a name="INDEX-9"/><a name="INDEX-10"/>Share-level security is the default
62 and is easy to use. However, it is not as secure and can require
63 users to type in passwords when connecting to shares. User-level
64 security offers a better security model and can be used if you have
65 either a Samba or Windows NT/2000 server on your network performing
66 user authentication.</p>
68 <p>To configure the type of access control for your system, open the
69 Control Panel, double-click the Network icon, then click the Access
70 Control tab. You should see the dialog box shown in <a href="ch05.html#samba2-CHP-5-FIG-1">Figure 5-1</a>.</p>
72 <div class="figure"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-FIG-1"/><img src="figs/sam2_0501.gif"/></div><h4 class="head4">Figure 5-1. The Access Control tab of the Windows 98 Network Control Panel window</h4>
74 <p>Click the &quot;Share-level access
75 control&quot; or &quot;User-level access
76 control&quot; radio button, depending on which you want
77 to use. When using user-level access control, you will also need to
78 fill in the name of your workgroup or Windows NT domain. Reboot as
79 requested.</p>
81 <p>To share a folder, right-click the folder's icon and
82 select Sharing . . . . This will open the Sharing tab of the
83 folder's Properties dialog box. Click the
84 &quot;Shared As:&quot; radio button, and fill
85 in a name for the share (which defaults to the
86 folder's name) and a description, which will be
87 visible to client users. If you don't want the share
88 to be visible in the Network Neighborhood view of other Windows
89 clients, pick a name for the share that ends in a dollar sign
90 (<tt class="literal">$</tt>).</p>
92 <p><a href="ch05.html#samba2-CHP-5-FIG-2">Figure 5-2</a> shows what the Sharing tab of the
93 folder's Properties dialog box will look like when
94 using share-level security. The security settings are very simple.
95 You can select a radio button for read-only access or full
96 (read/write) access, or have the user's permissions
97 (either read-only or read/write) depend on which password they use.
98 In accordance with which you select, you will be asked to assign
99 either or both of the read-only and full-access passwords for the
100 share.</p>
102 <div class="figure"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-FIG-2"/><img src="figs/sam2_0502.gif"/></div><h4 class="head4">Figure 5-2. The Sharing tab of the folder's Properties dialog, with share-level security</h4>
104 <p>If your system is configured with user-level security, the Sharing
105 tab of the folder's Properties dialog box will look
106 like <a href="ch05.html#samba2-CHP-5-FIG-3">Figure 5-3</a>. As you can see,
107 we've created a share named
108 &quot;DATA&quot;, and used the Add . . .
109 button to create permissions that allow read-only access for all
110 domain users and read/write (full access) for <tt class="literal">jay</tt>.</p>
112 <div class="figure"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-FIG-3"/><img src="figs/sam2_0503.gif"/></div><h4 class="head4">Figure 5-3. The Sharing tab of the folder Properties dialog, with user-level security</h4>
114 <p>When you are done specifying your settings for the share, click on
115 the OK button, and the share will become available to users on
116 network clients. Unless you chose a share name ending in a dollar
117 sign, you can see it in the Network Neighborhood or My Network Places
118 of Windows clients on the network. You can also now use the Unix
119 clients described in this chapter to connect to the share.</p>
122 </div>
126 <div class="sect1"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-SECT-2"/>
128 <h2 class="head1">Sharing Files on Windows NT/2000/XP</h2>
130 <p>To create a file share on <a name="INDEX-11"/><a name="INDEX-12"/><a name="INDEX-13"/><a name="INDEX-14"/>Windows NT/2000/XP, you first must
131 log in to the system as any member of the Administrators, Power
132 Users, or Server Operators groups. Right-click the icon of a folder
133 you wish to share, and click Sharing . . . in the pop-up menu. The
134 Sharing tab of the folder's Properties dialog box
135 will appear, as shown in <a href="ch05.html#samba2-CHP-5-FIG-4">Figure 5-4</a>. Click the
136 &quot;Share this folder&quot; radio button.</p>
138 <div class="figure"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-FIG-4"/><img src="figs/sam2_0504.gif"/></div><h4 class="head4">Figure 5-4. The Sharing tab of the folder's Properties dialog on Windows 2000</h4>
140 <p>Share name: will default to the name of the folder, and you can
141 change it if you want. One reason you might want to use a different
142 name for the share is to make the share not appear in browse lists
143 (as displayed by the Network Neighborhood, for example). This can be
144 done by using a share name ending in a dollar sign
145 (<tt class="literal">$</tt>). You can also add a description of the share
146 in the Comment: text area. The description will appear to users of
147 network clients and can help them understand the contents of the
148 share.</p>
150 <p><a name="INDEX-15"/><a name="INDEX-16"/><a name="INDEX-17"/><a name="INDEX-18"/><a name="INDEX-19"/>By clicking the Permissions button,
151 you can set permissions for the share on a user-by-user basis. This
152 is equivalent to the user-level security of Windows 95/98/Me file
153 sharing. On Windows NT/2000/XP, Microsoft recommends that share
154 permissions be set to allow full access by everyone, with the
155 permissions controlled on a file-by-file basis using filesystem
156 access control lists
157 (<a name="INDEX-20"/>ACLs). The actual permissions given
158 to network clients are a combination of the share permissions and
159 file access permissions. To edit the ACL for the folder, click the
160 Security tab. For more information on ACLs, see <a href="ch08.html#samba2-CHP-8-SECT-3">Section 8.3</a> in <a href="ch08.html">Chapter 8</a>.</p>
162 <p>If you want, you can limit the number of users who can concurrently
163 connect to the share using the &quot;User
164 limit:&quot; radio button. The New Share button allows
165 you to create multiple file shares for the same folder, each having
166 its own name, comment, user limit, and other parameters.</p>
168 <p>When you are done, click the OK button, and the folder will be
169 accessible from clients on the network.</p>
172 </div>
176 <div class="sect1"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-SECT-3"/>
178 <h2 class="head1">smbclient</h2>
180 <p>The Samba Team supplies <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em><a name="INDEX-21"/> as a basic part of the Samba suite. At
181 first, it might seem to be a primitive interface to the SMB network,
182 but <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> is actually a versatile tool. It
183 can be used for browsing shares on servers, testing configurations,
184 debugging, accessing shared printers, backing up shared data, and
185 automating administrative tasks in shell scripts. And unlike
186 <tt class="literal">smbfs</tt><a name="INDEX-22"/><a name="INDEX-23"/><a name="INDEX-24"/> and <em class="emphasis">smbsh</em>,
187 <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> works on all Unix variants that
188 support Samba.</p>
190 <p>In this chapter we'll focus mostly on running
191 <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> as an interactive shell, using its
192 <em class="emphasis">ftp</em>-like commands to access shared directories
193 on the network. Using <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> to access
194 printers and perform backups will be covered in <a href="ch10.html">Chapter 10</a>.</p>
196 <p>A complete reference to <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> is found in
197 <a href="appc.html">Appendix C</a>.</p>
200 <div class="sect2"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-SECT-3.1"/>
202 <h3 class="head2">Listing Services</h3>
204 <p><a name="INDEX-25"/>The <em class="emphasis">-L</em> option
205 can be used with <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> to list the resources
206 on a single computer. Assuming the Samba server is configured to take
207 the role of the master browser, we can obtain a list of the computers
208 in the domain or workgroup like this:</p>
210 <blockquote><pre class="code">$ <tt class="userinput"><b>smbclient -L toltec</b></tt>
211 added interface ip=172.16.1.1 bcast=172.16.1.255 nmask=255.255.255.0
212 Password:
213 Domain=[METRAN] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 2.2.5]
215 Sharename Type Comment
216 --------- ---- -------
217 test Disk For testing only, please
218 IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba 2.2.5)
219 ADMIN$ Disk IPC Service (Samba 2.2.5)
221 Server Comment
222 --------- -------
223 MAYA Windows 98
224 MIXTEC Samba 2.2.5
225 TOLTEC Samba 2.2.5
226 ZAPOTEC
228 Workgroup Master
229 --------- -------
230 METRAN TOLTEC</pre></blockquote>
232 <p>In the column labeled &quot;Server&quot;,
233 <tt class="literal">maya</tt>, <tt class="literal">mixtec</tt>, and
234 <tt class="literal">zapotec</tt> are shown along with toltec, the Samba
235 server. The services on <tt class="literal">toltec</tt> are listed under
236 &quot;Sharename&quot;. The IPC$ and ADMIN$
237 shares are standard Windows services that are used for network
238 communication and administrative purposes, and
239 <em class="filename">test</em> is the directory we added as a share in
240 <a href="ch02.html">Chapter 2</a>.</p>
242 <p>Now that we know the names of computers in the domain, we can list
243 services on any of those computers. For example, here is how we would
244 list the services offered by <tt class="literal">maya</tt>, a Windows 98
245 workstation:</p>
247 <blockquote><pre class="code">$ <tt class="userinput"><b>smbclient -L maya</b></tt>
248 added interface ip=172.16.1.1 bcast=172.16.1.255 nmask=255.255.255.0
249 Password:
252 Sharename Type Comment
253 --------- ---- -------
254 PRINTER$ Disk
255 HP Printer HP 932C on Maya
256 D Disk D: on Maya
257 E Disk E: on Maya
259 ADMIN$ Disk
260 IPC$ IPC Remote Inter Process Communication
262 Server Comment
263 --------- -------
265 Workgroup Master
266 --------- -------</pre></blockquote>
268 <p>A shared printer is attached to <tt class="literal">maya</tt>, so we see
269 the PRINTER$ administrative service, along with the HP share for the
270 printer itself. Also on <tt class="literal">maya</tt> are the D and E
271 shares, which allow access across the network to
272 <tt class="literal">maya</tt>'s D: and E: drives. It is
273 normal for the Server and Workgroup sections to be empty when listing
274 services on a Windows client.</p>
277 </div>
280 <div class="sect2"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-SECT-3.2"/>
282 <h3 class="head2">Authenticating with smbclient</h3>
284 <p><a name="INDEX-26"/>As with any other SMB client,
285 <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> needs to supply a username and
286 password if it is authenticating in a domain environment or if it is
287 contacting a Samba server that is set up with user-level security. In
288 a workgroup environment, it will at least need a password to use when
289 connecting with a password-protected resource.</p>
291 <p>By default, <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> uses the username of the
292 user who runs it and then prompts for a password. If you are using
293 <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> a lot, you might tire of entering your
294 password every time.</p>
296 <p><em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> supports some alternate methods of
297 entering a username and password. The password can be entered on the
298 command line, like this:</p>
300 <blockquote><pre class="code">$ <tt class="userinput"><b>smbclient //maya/e jayspassword</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
302 <p>Or both the username and password can be supplied by using the
303 <em class="emphasis">-U</em> option, including the username and password
304 separated by a percent (<tt class="literal">%</tt>) character:</p>
306 <blockquote><pre class="code">$ <tt class="userinput"><b>smbclient //maya/e -U kelly%kellyspassword</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
308 <p>This method is useful if you are logged in to the system under an
309 account that is not Samba-enabled or you are testing your
310 configuration to see how it treats another user. With either method,
311 you can avoid having to enter the username and/or password each time
312 you run <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> by creating an alias for the
313 command or creating a shell function or shell script. For example,
314 with the <em class="emphasis">bash</em> shell, it is possible to define a
315 function like this:</p>
317 <blockquote><pre class="code">smbcl( )
319 smbclient $* -U jay%jayspassword
320 }</pre></blockquote>
322 <p>Adding the definition to the shell's startup script
323 (which would be <em class="filename">~/.bash_profile</em> for
324 <em class="emphasis">bash</em>) would result in the definition affecting
325 all subsequent shell invocations.</p>
327 <p>Another method that can be used to supply both the username and
328 password is to set the USER and <a name="INDEX-27"/><a name="INDEX-28"/>PASSWD environment variables. Either
329 set the USER environment variable using the
330 <em class="replaceable">username</em>%<em class="replaceable">password</em>
331 format, or set the USER environment variable to the username, and set
332 PASSWD to the user's password.</p>
334 <p>It is also possible to create a credentials file containing the
335 username on the first line and the password on the second line, like
336 this:</p>
338 <blockquote><pre class="code">username = jay
339 password = jayspassword</pre></blockquote>
341 <p>Then, <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> is run using the
342 <em class="emphasis">-A</em> option to specify the name of the file:</p>
344 <blockquote><pre class="code">$ <tt class="userinput"><b>smbclient //maya/e -A ~/.smbpw</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
346 <a name="samba2-CHP-5-NOTE-120"/><blockquote class="note"><h4 class="objtitle">NOTE</h4>
347 <p>Of the methods we described in this section, the only one that is
348 really secure is the default method of allowing
349 <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em><a name="INDEX-29"/> to
350 prompt for the password and typing in the password without echoing.</p>
352 <p>If security is a concern, you definitely should avoid providing your
353 password on the command line because it is very easy for
354 &quot;shoulder surfers&quot; to obtain, as
355 well as anyone who looks through your shell's
356 command history.</p>
358 <p>If you keep your Samba password in a credentials file, shell startup
359 file, or shell script, make sure the file's
360 permissions prohibit other users from reading or writing it. (Use an
361 octal permissions mode of 0600.) Security experts never keep
362 passwords in files owned by nonroot users or accessible by anyone
363 other than the superuser. As part of their security policy, some
364 organizations do not permit passwords to be stored in files, so you
365 might want to check first before using this method.</p>
367 <p>The authentication method that uses the USER and PASSWD environment
368 variables isn't any more secure. Environment
369 variables are usually set either on the command line or in one or
370 more of the shell's startup files, so this method
371 suffers from the same weaknesses we've just
372 discussed. In addition, any program run by the user has access to the
373 shell's environment variables, making a Trojan horse
374 attack on the PASSWD variable really easy!</p>
375 </blockquote>
378 </div>
381 <div class="sect2"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-SECT-3.3"/>
383 <h3 class="head2">An Interactive smbclient Session</h3>
385 <p><a name="INDEX-30"/>A common use for
386 <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> is to use it as an
387 <em class="emphasis">ftp</em>-like shell to access SMB resources on the
388 network. To begin a session, <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> must be
389 provided with the UNC of a resource (which you can find using the
390 <em class="emphasis">-L</em> option) on the command line, like this:</p>
392 <blockquote><pre class="code">$ <tt class="userinput"><b>smbclient //maya/e</b></tt>
393 added interface ip=172.16.1.3 bcast=172.16.1.255 nmask=255.255.255.0
394 Password:
395 smb: \&gt;</pre></blockquote>
397 <p>Forward slashes are accepted by <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> for
398 the share's UNC, which makes entering the UNC on the
399 command line easier. Backslashes can also be used, but they must be
400 quoted or escaped, and it is somewhat more difficult to type
401 '<tt class="literal">\\maya\e</tt>' or <tt class="literal">\\\\maya\\e</tt>.
402 After connecting to the share, <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em>
403 displays the <tt class="literal">smb: \&gt;</tt> prompt, waiting for a
404 command to be entered. Commands are similar to those with which you
405 might be familiar in <em class="emphasis">ftp</em> and are also somewhat
406 similar to Unix shell commands. To get a list of
407 <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em><a name="INDEX-31"/> commands, use the
408 <em class="emphasis">help</em> command:</p>
410 <blockquote><pre class="code">smb: \&gt; <tt class="userinput"><b>help</b></tt>
411 ls dir du lcd cd
412 pwd get mget put mput
413 rename more mask del open
414 rm mkdir md rmdir rd
415 prompt recurse translate lowercase print
416 printmode queue cancel quit q
417 exit newer archive tar blocksize
418 tarmode setmode help ? history
419 !</pre></blockquote>
421 <p>Some commands in the previous list are synonyms for other commands.
422 For example, the <em class="emphasis">?</em> command is a synonym for
423 <em class="emphasis">help</em>. You can give this command the name of
424 another command as an argument to get a concise reminder of what the
425 command does and how to use it:</p>
427 <blockquote><pre class="code">smb: \&gt; <tt class="userinput"><b>? ls</b></tt>
428 HELP ls:
429 &lt;mask&gt; list the contents of the current directory</pre></blockquote>
431 <p>The term <tt class="literal">&lt;mask&gt;</tt> refers to a file-matching
432 pattern as commonly found in Unix shells and utilities. For example:</p>
434 <blockquote><pre class="code">smb: \&gt; <tt class="userinput"><b>ls *doc</b></tt>
435 ms-ProfPol-wp.doc A 131 Tue Dec 18 09:12:34 2002
436 smbclient.doc A 33969 Mon Dec 10 20:22:24 2002
437 smbmount.doc A 7759 Mon Dec 10 20:20:00 2002
439 48590 blocks of size 524288. 40443 blocks available</pre></blockquote>
441 <p>lists all files ending in &quot;doc&quot; in
442 the current directory on the remote system. In the listing, the
443 leftmost column shows the filename. Moving left to right, we see the
444 file's MS-DOS attributes, then its size, and the
445 time it was last modified.</p>
447 <p>As with any other Unix utility, <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> has a
448 working directory on the local host. It also has another current
449 directory on the remote SMB share. With
450 <em class="citetitle">smbclient</em>, the <em class="emphasis">cd</em> command
451 is used to move around on the remote system:</p>
453 <blockquote><pre class="code">smb: \&gt; <tt class="userinput"><b>cd trans </b></tt>
454 smb: \trans\&gt;</pre></blockquote>
456 <p>Notice how the prompt changes to reflect the new current working
457 directory. To change your current directory on the local system, use
458 the <em class="emphasis">lcd</em> command:</p>
460 <blockquote><pre class="code">smb: \trans\&gt; <tt class="userinput"><b>lcd /u/snd</b></tt>
461 the local directory is now /u/snd</pre></blockquote>
463 <p>Most of <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em>'s commands
464 are for performing operations on remote files and directories. There
465 is no command for listing the contents of the local directory.
466 However, <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> allows a shell escape. Any
467 command preceded by an exclamation point (<tt class="literal">!</tt>) is
468 interpreted as a shell command and is run in a subshell on the local
469 system. For example:</p>
471 <blockquote><pre class="code">smb: \trans\&gt; <tt class="userinput"><b>! ls -l</b></tt>
472 total 16
473 drwxrwxr-x 2 jay jay 4096 Jan 10 14:46 dr220-fet
474 drwxrwxr-x 2 jay jay 4096 Sep 22 12:16 dr220-tube
475 -rw-rw-r-- 1 jay jay 131 Jan 10 02:22 readme.txt
476 drwxrwxr-x 7 jay jay 4096 Jan 10 02:19 xl1</pre></blockquote>
478 <p>lists the contents of <em class="filename">/u/snd</em>. By using
479 <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em>'s commands to operate
480 on the remote system&mdash;and shell-escaped commands to operate on
481 the local system&mdash;it is possible to manipulate data on both
482 systems without having to exit <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> or open
483 another shell window.</p>
485 <p><a name="INDEX-32"/><a name="INDEX-33"/>File transfer is performed using
486 the <em class="emphasis">get</em> and
487 <em class="emphasis">put</em><a name="INDEX-34"/><a name="INDEX-35"/> commands. The <em class="emphasis">get</em>
488 command transfers a single file from the remote to the local system,
489 and the <em class="emphasis">put</em> command copies a file from the local
490 to the remote system. For example, the following command copies the
491 file <em class="filename">readme.txt</em> to the SMB share:</p>
493 <blockquote><pre class="code">smb: \trans\&gt; <tt class="userinput"><b>put readme.txt</b></tt>
494 putting file readme.txt as \trans\readme.txt (127.9 kb/s) (average 10.7 kb/s)</pre></blockquote>
496 <a name="samba2-CHP-5-NOTE-121"/><blockquote class="note"><h4 class="objtitle">NOTE</h4>
497 <p>Unlike <em class="emphasis">ftp</em>, <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> does
498 not have <em class="emphasis">ascii</em> and <em class="emphasis">binary</em>
499 commands to set the type of the file that is being transferred.
500 Before transferring a text file from a Unix system to a Windows or
501 Macintosh system, you might want to use the GNU
502 <em class="emphasis">unix2dos</em><a name="INDEX-36"/> command to reformat newlines in the
503 file to work with the carriage return linefeed (CRLF) standard:</p>
506 <blockquote><pre class="code">$ <tt class="userinput"><b>unix2dos text_file &gt;text_file.txt</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
509 <p>and then transfer the CRLF-formatted version. After transferring a
510 text file from a Windows or Macintosh system to Unix, you can use the
511 GNU <em class="emphasis">dos2unix</em><a name="INDEX-37"/> command to perform the inverse
512 operation:</p>
515 <blockquote><pre class="code">$ <tt class="userinput"><b>dos2unix text_file.txt &gt;text_file</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
516 </blockquote>
518 <p>To transfer more than one file with a single command, you can use the
519 <em class="emphasis">mget</em><a name="INDEX-38"/><a name="INDEX-39"/> and <em class="emphasis">mput</em> commands,
520 which accept a list of filenames in the command line. The list can be
521 provided by typing in the filenames on the command line separated by
522 spaces, or the group of files can be specified with a pattern as one
523 would use in Unix shell commands. The command:</p>
525 <blockquote><pre class="code">smb: \trans\&gt; <tt class="userinput"><b>mget plain/*</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
527 <p>copies all the files in the directory <em class="filename">plain</em> on
528 the SMB share to the current directory on the local system. By
529 default, <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> prompts for each file, asking
530 if you want to copy it:</p>
532 <blockquote><pre class="code">smb: \trans\&gt; <tt class="userinput"><b>mget plain/*</b></tt>
533 Get file tomm.wav? n
534 Get file toml.wav? n
535 Get file tomh.wav? n
536 Get file snare.wav? n
537 Get file rim.wav? n
538 Get file handclap.wav? n
539 Get file bassdrum.wav? n</pre></blockquote>
541 <p>If you are sure you want to copy all the files, you can turn off
542 prompting with the <em class="emphasis">prompt</em> command, like this:</p>
544 <blockquote><pre class="code">smb: \trans\&gt; <tt class="userinput"><b>prompt</b></tt>
545 prompting is now off</pre></blockquote>
547 <p>By default, if you specify the name of a directory,
548 <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> will not copy the contents of the
549 directory. To transfer the entire contents of directories listed in
550 the <em class="emphasis">mput</em> or <em class="emphasis">mget</em> command,
551 you must first use the <em class="emphasis">recurse</em> command:</p>
553 <blockquote><pre class="code">smb: \trans\&gt; <tt class="userinput"><b>recurse</b></tt>
554 directory recursion is now on</pre></blockquote>
556 <p>After setting things up with the
557 <em class="emphasis">prompt</em><a name="INDEX-40"/><a name="INDEX-41"/> and <em class="emphasis">recurse</em>
558 commands, we can copy a directory like this:</p>
560 <blockquote><pre class="code">smb: \trans\&gt; <tt class="userinput"><b>mget acc</b></tt>
561 getting file tomm.wav of size 55494 as tomm.wav (2580.6 kb/s) (average 2087.3 kb/s)
562 getting file toml.wav of size 57220 as toml.wav (2660.9 kb/s) (average 2167.6 kb/s)
563 getting file tomh.wav of size 55936 as tomh.wav (2601.2 kb/s) (average 2220.8 kb/s)
564 getting file snare.wav of size 22132 as snare.wav (1200.7 kb/s) (average 2123.7 kb/s)
565 getting file rim.wav of size 8314 as rim.wav (1623.8 kb/s) (average 2110.8 kb/s)
566 getting file handclap.wav of size 14180 as handclap.wav (1978.2 kb/s) (average 2106.2
567 kb/s)
568 getting file bassdrum.wav of size 6950 as bassdrum.wav (2262.3 kb/s) (average 2108.5
569 kb/s)</pre></blockquote>
571 <p><a name="INDEX-42"/>Directory recursion applies to all
572 commands, so if an <em class="emphasis">ls</em> command is used while
573 directory recursion is on, all files in the directory tree are
574 listed. To turn directory recursion off again, simply re-enter the
575 command. At the same time, you might also wish to toggle prompting
576 back to its initial state:</p>
578 <blockquote><pre class="code">smb: \trans\&gt; <tt class="userinput"><b>recurse</b></tt>
579 directory recursion is now off
580 smb: \trans\&gt; <tt class="userinput"><b>prompt</b></tt>
581 prompting is now on</pre></blockquote>
583 <p>There are other <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> commands that you
584 might find useful. The <em class="emphasis">mkdir</em> command can be used
585 to create a directory; <em class="emphasis">rmdir</em> removes a
586 directory; <em class="emphasis">rm</em> deletes a file; and
587 <em class="emphasis">rename</em> changes a file's name.
588 These behave very similarly to their Unix shell counterparts. <a href="appc.html">Appendix C</a> contains a complete reference to
589 <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> and its command set.</p>
591 <p>To exit <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em>, use the
592 <em class="emphasis">exit</em> or <em class="emphasis">quit</em> command:</p>
594 <a name="INDEX-43"/><blockquote><pre class="code">smb: \trans\&gt; <tt class="userinput"><b>quit </b></tt></pre></blockquote>
597 </div>
600 <div class="sect2"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-SECT-3.4"/>
602 <h3 class="head2">Programming with smbclient</h3>
604 <p><a name="INDEX-44"/>The <em class="emphasis">-c</em> option
605 <em class="emphasis">of smbclient</em> allows a list of commands to be
606 passed on the command line. To copy the file
607 <em class="filename">\\maya\e\trans\readme.txt</em> to
608 <em class="filename">/u/snd/readme.txt</em>, we might use the command:</p>
610 <blockquote><pre class="code">$ <tt class="userinput"><b>smbclient //maya/e -c &quot;lcd /u/snd; cd trans; get readme.txt&quot; -A ~/.smbpw</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
612 <p>Everything that <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> needs to know to
613 perform the operation has been specified in the command. There is no
614 interactive session, so a command such as this can be placed inside a
615 shell script or a program in some other programming language.</p>
617 <p>By using <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> in this manner, it is
618 possible to create customized commands using shell functions, scripts
619 or aliases. For example, suppose we wanted a command to print a short
620 listing of files in a shared directory, showing just the names of the
621 files. Using a <em class="emphasis">bash</em> function, we could define a
622 command <em class="emphasis">smbls</em> as follows:</p>
624 <blockquote><pre class="code">smbls( )
626 share=`echo $1 | cut -d '/' -f '1-4'`
627 dir=`echo $1 | cut -d '/' -f '5-'`
628 smbclient $share -c &quot;cd $dir; ls&quot; -A ~/.smbpw | \
629 grep &quot;^ &quot; | cut -d ' ' -f 3 - | sort
630 }</pre></blockquote>
632 <p>After defining this function, we can use <em class="emphasis">smbls</em>
633 like this:</p>
635 <blockquote><pre class="code">$ <tt class="userinput"><b>smbls //maya/e</b></tt>
636 CD-images
637 lectures
638 ms-ProfPol-wp.doc
639 profile-map
640 readme.txt
641 RECYCLED
642 smbclient.doc
643 smbmount.doc
644 smbsh.txt
645 trans
646 $ <tt class="userinput"><b>smbls //maya/e/lectures</b></tt>
649 lecture1.mp3
650 lecture2.mp3
651 lecture3.mp3
652 lecture4.mp3
653 lecture5.mp3
654 lecture6.mp3
655 lecture7.mp3
656 lecture8.mp3
657 lecture9.mp3</pre></blockquote>
659 <p>Another use for <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> in scripts is
660 performing administrative tasks. Suppose a group of users on Windows
661 clients are sharing a set of files as part of a project on which they
662 are working. Instead of expecting them to coordinate making daily
663 backups, we could write a script that copies the share to the Samba
664 server and run the script nightly as a cron job. The directory on the
665 Samba server could be shared as well, allowing any of the users to
666 retrieve a backup file on their own, without having to bother an
667 administrator.</p>
670 </div>
673 <div class="sect2"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-SECT-3.5"/>
675 <h3 class="head2">Backups with smbclient</h3>
677 <p>A major use of <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em><a name="INDEX-45"/><a name="INDEX-46"/> is to create and restore backups of
678 SMB file shares. The backup files <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em>
679 writes are in tar format, making them easy to work with and portable
680 among all Unix versions. Using <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> on a
681 Unix server to run network backups can result in a more centralized
682 and easily managed solution for providing data integrity because both
683 SMB shares and NFS filesystems can be backed up on the same system.</p>
685 <p>You can use <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> to perform backups in two
686 ways. When backing up an entire share, the simplest method is to use
687 the <em class="emphasis">-Tc</em> option on the command line:</p>
689 <blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>smbclient //maya/e -A samba-domain-pw -Tc &gt;maya-e.tar</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
691 <p>This will create a tar archive of the <em class="filename">\\maya\e</em>
692 share in the file <em class="filename">maya-e.tar</em>. By using the
693 <em class="emphasis">-D</em> option, it is possible to back up a directory
694 in the share, rather than the whole share:</p>
696 <blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>smbclient //maya/e -A samba-domain-pw -D trans -Tc &gt;maya-e.tar</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
698 <p>This causes <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> to change its working
699 directory to the <em class="filename">trans</em> directory of the
700 <em class="filename">\\maya\e</em> share before starting the backup. It is
701 also possible to use
702 <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em>'s
703 <em class="emphasis">tar</em> command in interactive mode, like this:</p>
705 <blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>smbclient //maya/e </b></tt>
706 added interface ip=172.16.1.3 bcast=172.16.1.255 nmask=255.255.255.0
707 Password:
708 smb: \&gt; <tt class="userinput"><b>cd trans</b></tt>
709 smb: \trans\&gt; <tt class="userinput"><b>tarmode full hidden system quiet</b></tt>
710 smb: \trans\&gt; <tt class="userinput"><b>tar c maya-e-trans.tar</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
712 <p>With the previous code, only the <em class="emphasis">trans</em>
713 subdirectory in the <em class="emphasis">\\maya\e</em> share will be
714 backed up, using the settings specified in the
715 <em class="emphasis">tarmode</em> command. To have this type of backup run
716 automatically from a script, use the <em class="emphasis">-c</em> option:</p>
718 <blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>smbclient //maya/e -A samba-domain-pw -c &quot;cd trans; tarmode full hidden \</b></tt>
719 <tt class="userinput"><b> system quiet; tar &gt;maya-e-trans.tar&quot;</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
721 <p>Using either the <em class="emphasis">-T</em> command-line option or
722 <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em>'s
723 <em class="emphasis">tar</em> command, additional options can be supplied.
724 It is necessary to specify either the <em class="emphasis">c</em> option
725 to create a backup archive or the <em class="emphasis">x</em> option to
726 extract (restore) one.<a name="FNPTR-1"/><a href="#FOOTNOTE-1">[1]</a> </p>
728 <p>The other options can be appended to the option string
729 and are explained in the section on <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> in
730 <a href="appc.html">Appendix C</a>. They allow you to create incremental
731 backups, specify which files to include or exclude from the backup,
732 and specify a few other miscellaneous settings. For example, suppose
733 we wish to create an incremental backup of a share and reset the
734 archive bit on the files to set things up for the next incremental
735 backup. Instead of using the interactive commands:</p>
737 <blockquote><pre class="code">smb: \&gt; <tt class="userinput"><b>tarmode inc reset quiet</b></tt>
738 smb: \&gt; <tt class="userinput"><b>tar c backup.tar</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
740 <p>we could either use the interactive command:</p>
742 <blockquote><pre class="code">smb: \&gt; <tt class="userinput"><b>tar cgaq backup.tar</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
744 <p>or specify the <em class="emphasis">-Tcgaq</em> option on the
745 <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> command line.</p>
747 <p>Your best strategy for using <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> for
748 network backups depends on your local configuration. If you have only
749 a few Windows systems sharing a small amount of data, you might
750 create a script containing <em class="emphasis">smbclient -Tc</em>
751 commands to back up each share to a separate tar file, placing the
752 files in a directory that is included with regular backups of the
753 Unix system. If you have huge SMB shares on your network, you might
754 prefer to write the backup directly to a tape drive. You can do this
755 with <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> just as you would with a Unix
756 <em class="emphasis">tar</em> command:</p>
758 <blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>smbclient //maya/d -A samba-domain-pw -Tc &gt;/dev/tape</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
760 <p>After you have become more familiar with
761 <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> and have an automated backup system in
762 place, you might find that using Samba has dramatically decreased
763 your anxiety regarding the integrity of your
764 network's data. The authors of this book are
765 experienced Unix system administrators, and we highly recommend
766 having a backup strategy that has been carefully planned,
767 implemented, and most importantly, <em class="emphasis">tested and known to work
768 as it is supposed to</em>.</p>
771 </div>
774 </div>
778 <div class="sect1"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-SECT-4"/>
780 <h2 class="head1">smbfs</h2>
782 <p>On Linux, the <a name="INDEX-47"/>smbfs filesystem can be used to mount
783 SMB shares onto the Linux filesystem in a manner similar to mounting
784 disk partitions on NFS filesystems. The result is so transparent that
785 users on the Linux system might never be aware that they are
786 accessing files through a Windows or Samba server. Files and
787 directories appear as any other files or directories on the local
788 Linux system, although there are a few differences in behavior
789 relating to ownership and permissions.<a name="FNPTR-2"/><a href="#FOOTNOTE-2">[2]</a></p>
791 <p>Although smbfs is based on the Samba code, it is not itself part of
792 the Samba distribution. Instead, it is included with Linux as a
793 standard part of the Linux filesystem support.</p>
795 <p>The <em class="emphasis">smbmount</em> and
796 <em class="emphasis">smbmnt</em><a name="INDEX-48"/> programs are part of the Samba
797 distribution and are needed on the client to mount smbfs filesystems.
798 Samba must be compiled with the <tt class="literal">--with-smbmount</tt>
799 configure option to make sure these programs are compiled. They refer
800 to <em class="filename">smb.conf</em> for information they need regarding
801 the local system and network configuration, so you will need a
802 working <em class="filename">smb.conf</em><a name="INDEX-49"/><a name="INDEX-50"/>
803 file on the system, even if it is not acting as a Samba server.
804 <a name="INDEX-51"/><a name="INDEX-52"/><a name="INDEX-53"/></p>
807 <div class="sect2"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-SECT-4.1"/>
809 <h3 class="head2">Mounting an smbfs Filesystem</h3>
811 <p>The <em class="emphasis">smbmount</em><a name="INDEX-54"/> command is used to mount an smbfs
812 filesystem into the Linux filesystem. The basic usage is:</p>
814 <blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>smbmount </b></tt><em class="replaceable">Share-UNC mount-point</em><tt class="userinput"><b> -o </b></tt><em class="replaceable">options</em></pre></blockquote>
816 <p>Replace <em class="replaceable">Share-UNC</em> with the UNC for the SMB
817 share, and <em class="replaceable">mount-point</em> with the full path
818 to the directory in the Linux filesystem to use as the mount point.
819 The <em class="replaceable">options</em> argument is used to set the
820 exact manner in which the share is mounted. Let's
821 look at an example of a <em class="emphasis">smbmount</em> command:</p>
823 <blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>smbmount //maya/e /smb/e \</b></tt>
824 <tt class="userinput"><b> -o &quot;credentials=/home/jay/.smbpw,uid=jay,gid=jay,fmask=664,dmask=775&quot;</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
826 <p>Here we are mounting share <em class="filename">\\maya\e</em> from a
827 Windows 98 system on the mount point <em class="filename">/smb/e</em> on
828 the Linux system.</p>
830 <a name="samba2-CHP-5-NOTE-122"/><blockquote class="note"><h4 class="objtitle">NOTE</h4>
831 <p>If your Linux kernel doesn't include smbfs support,
832 you will get the error message:</p>
834 <blockquote><pre class="code">ERROR: smbfs filesystem not supported by the kernel</pre></blockquote>
837 <p>In this case, you must configure and compile a new kernel to include
838 support for smbfs. When smbfs is installed, and an SMB share is
839 mounted, you can run the command:</p>
842 <blockquote><pre class="code">$ <tt class="userinput"><b>cat /proc/filesystems</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
844 <p>and see a line that looks like:</p>
846 <blockquote><pre class="code">nodev smbfs</pre></blockquote>
849 <p>in the command's output.</p>
850 </blockquote>
852 <p>The mount point must exist before <em class="emphasis">smbmount</em> is
853 run and can be created using the <em class="emphasis">mkdir</em> command:</p>
855 <blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>mkdir /smb/e</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
857 <p>The argument to the <em class="emphasis">-o</em> option might look a
858 little complex. It is a comma-separated list of
859 <em class="replaceable">key</em><tt class="literal">=</tt><em class="replaceable">value</em>
860 pairs. The <tt class="literal">credentials</tt> key is set to the name of
861 the credentials file, which is used to give
862 <em class="emphasis">smbmount</em> a valid username and password with
863 which to authenticate while connecting to the share. The format is
864 identical to that used by <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> (as
865 explained in the previous section), so you can use the same
866 credentials file for both clients. If you want, you can use the
867 <em class="replaceable">key</em>=<em class="replaceable">value</em> pair
868 <tt class="literal">username</tt>=<em class="replaceable">name</em>%<em class="replaceable">password</em>
869 to specify the username and password directly in the
870 <em class="emphasis">smbmount</em> command, although this is considerably
871 less secure.</p>
873 <a name="samba2-CHP-5-NOTE-123"/><blockquote class="note"><h4 class="objtitle">TIP</h4>
874 <p>The <em class="emphasis">smbmount</em> command accepts the same
875 authentication methods as <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em>. The
876 comments in the section on <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> regarding
877 supplying passwords on the command line&mdash;and keeping passwords
878 in files and environment variables&mdash;also apply here.</p>
879 </blockquote>
881 <p>The rest of the options tell <em class="emphasis">smbmount</em> how to
882 translate between the SMB filesystem and the Unix filesystem, which
883 differ in their handling of ownership and permissions. The
884 <em class="emphasis">uid</em> and <em class="emphasis">gid</em> options specify
885 the owner and group to be assigned to all directories and files in
886 the mounted share.</p>
888 <p>The <em class="emphasis">fmask</em><a name="INDEX-55"/> and
889 <em class="emphasis">dmask</em><a name="INDEX-56"/> options specify
890 <a name="INDEX-57"/>bitmasks for
891 permissions of files and directories, respectively. These bitmasks
892 are logically ANDed with whatever permissions are granted by the
893 server to create the effective permissions on the client Unix system.
894 On the server side, the permissions granted depend on the
895 server's operating system. For a Windows 95/98/Me
896 server using share-mode security, the MS-DOS read-only attribute can
897 be set on individual files and directories and combined with the Full
898 Access or Read Only permissions on the share as a whole. In
899 user-level security mode, Windows 95/98/Me can have ACL-like
900 permissions applied to the entire share, as discussed in <a href="ch04.html">Chapter 4</a>. Windows NT/2000/XP support ACLs on individual
901 files and directories, with Full Control, Change, or Read permissions
902 that can be applied to the entire share. If the server is a Samba
903 server, the permissions are whatever is defined by the Samba share
904 and the local Unix system for the individual files and directories.
905 In every case, the permissions applied to the share act to further
906 limit access, beyond what is specified for the individual files and
907 directories.</p>
909 <a name="samba2-CHP-5-NOTE-124"/><blockquote class="note"><h4 class="objtitle">TIP</h4>
910 <p>You might think that the <em class="emphasis">fmask</em> and
911 <em class="emphasis">dmask</em> permission masks can be used only to
912 reduce the effective permissions on files and directories, but this
913 is not always the case. For example, suppose that a file is being
914 shared by a Windows 95/98/Me server using share-mode security and
915 that some number of users have been given the Full Access password
916 for the share. If the share is mounted with
917 <em class="emphasis">smbmount</em> using an <em class="emphasis">fmask</em> of
918 666, read/write permissions are granted on the Unix system not only
919 for the owner, but for everyone else on the Unix system as well!</p>
920 </blockquote>
922 <p>After mounting the <em class="filename">\\maya\d</em> share to
923 <em class="filename">/smb/e</em>, here is what the contents of
924 <em class="filename">/smb/e</em> look like:</p>
926 <blockquote><pre class="code">$ <tt class="userinput"><b>cd /smb/e ; ls -l</b></tt>
927 total 47
928 drwxrwxr-x 1 jay jay 512 Jan 8 20:21 CD-images
929 drwxrwxr-x 1 jay jay 512 Jan 6 21:50 lectures
930 -rw-rw-r-- 1 jay jay 131 Dec 18 09:12 ms-ProfPol-wp.doc
931 -rw-rw-r-- 1 jay jay 59 Dec 18 09:12 profile-map
932 -rw-rw-r-- 1 jay jay 131 Jan 15 05:01 readme.txt
933 drwxrwxr-x 1 jay jay 512 Feb 4 2002 RECYCLED
934 -rw-rw-r-- 1 jay jay 33969 Dec 10 20:22 smbclient.doc
935 -rw-rw-r-- 1 jay jay 7759 Dec 10 20:20 smbmount.doc
936 -rw-rw-r-- 1 jay jay 1914 Dec 10 20:17 smbsh.txt
937 drwxrwxr-x 1 jay jay 512 Jan 10 03:54 trans</pre></blockquote>
939 <p>For the most part, the files and directories contained in the mounted
940 smbfs filesystem will work just like any others, except for
941 limitations imposed by the nature of SMB networking. For example, not
942 even the superuser can perform the operation:</p>
944 <blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>chown root lectures</b></tt>
945 chown: changing ownership of 'lectures': Operation not permitted</pre></blockquote>
947 <p>because SMB shares do not intrinsically support the idea of
948 ownership. Some odd behaviors can result from this. For example, the
949 command:</p>
951 <blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>chmod 777 readme.txt</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
953 <p>does not produce an error message, although nothing has been changed.
954 The file <em class="filename">readme.txt</em> still has permissions set to
955 664:</p>
957 <blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>ls -l readme.txt</b></tt>
958 -rw-rw-r-- 1 jay jay 131 Jan 15 05:01 readme.txt</pre></blockquote>
960 <p>Aside from little things such as these, the mounted smbfs filesystem
961 can be used in conjunction with virtually any application, and you
962 might be pleasantly surprised at how nicely it integrates with your
963 Linux-based computing environment. You can even create symbolic links
964 in the Unix filesystem, pointing to files and directories inside SMB
965 shares. However, unless the server is a Samba server that supports
966 Unix CIFS extensions, you will not be able to create a symbolic link
967 inside the mounted smbfs filesystem.</p>
970 </div>
973 <div class="sect2"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-SECT-4.2"/>
975 <h3 class="head2">Mounting smbfs Filesystems Automatically</h3>
977 <p><a name="INDEX-58"/>As with other types of
978 filesystems, an smbfs filesystem can be mounted automatically during
979 system bootup by creating an entry for it in
980 <em class="filename">/etc/fstab</em>. The format for the entry is as
981 follows:</p>
983 <blockquote><pre class="code"><em class="replaceable">Share-UNC mount-point</em> smbfs <em class="replaceable">options</em> 0 0</pre></blockquote>
985 <p>Replace <em class="replaceable">Share-UNC</em> with the UNC of the
986 share (using the forward slash format), and replace
987 <em class="replaceable">mount-point</em> with the name of the directory
988 in the Linux filesystem on which the share will be mounted. In place
989 of <em class="replaceable">options</em>, simply use the string that you
990 used with the <em class="emphasis">-o</em> flag in the
991 <em class="emphasis">smbmount</em> command.</p>
993 <p>Once you have found the arguments to use with the
994 <em class="emphasis">smbmount</em> command to mount the share the way you
995 like it, it is a very simple matter to create the entry for
996 <em class="filename">/etc/fstab</em>. The <em class="emphasis">smbmount</em>
997 command we used to mount the share <em class="filename">\\maya\e</em> on
998 <em class="filename">/smb/e</em> would translate to this
999 <em class="filename">/etc/fstab</em> entry:</p>
1001 <blockquote><pre class="code">//maya/e /smb/e smbfs
1002 credentials=/home/jay/.smbpw,uid=jay,gid=jay,fmask=664,dmask=775 0 0
1004 <i class="lineannotation">(Please note that this should all go on one line.)</i></pre></blockquote>
1005 <a name="samba2-CHP-5-NOTE-125"/><blockquote class="note"><h4 class="objtitle">WARNING</h4>
1006 <p>If you make a mistake in modifying
1007 <em class="filename">/etc/fstab</em><a name="INDEX-59"/><a name="INDEX-60"/>, your system might not
1008 reboot properly, and you might be forced to boot into single-user
1009 mode to fix the problem. Before you edit
1010 <em class="filename">/etc/fstab</em>, be sure to make a backup copy of it,
1011 and be prepared to recover your system if anything goes wrong.</p>
1012 </blockquote>
1014 <p>Once the entry has been added, the system will automatically mount
1015 the share when booting. Or, the system administrator can manually
1016 mount or unmount the share with commands such as these:</p>
1018 <blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>mount /smb/e</b></tt>
1019 # <tt class="userinput"><b>umount /smb/e</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
1021 <a name="samba2-CHP-5-NOTE-126"/><blockquote class="note"><h4 class="objtitle">TIP</h4>
1022 <p>It is possible to use <em class="emphasis">mount</em> and
1023 <em class="emphasis">umount</em> by giving them the UNC for the share
1024 using forward slashes, as in our <em class="filename">/etc/fstab</em>
1025 entry. However, be careful about this. A share might be listed more
1026 than once in <em class="filename">/etc/fstab</em> so that it can be
1027 mounted at more than one place in the Linux filesystem. If you use
1028 the UNC to specify the share you wish to mount or unmount, you might
1029 cause it to be mounted or unmounted at another mount point from the
1030 one you intended.</p>
1031 </blockquote>
1034 </div>
1037 <div class="sect2"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-SECT-4.3"/>
1039 <h3 class="head2">Common smbmount Options</h3>
1041 <p><a href="ch05.html#samba2-CHP-5-TABLE-1">Table 5-1</a> lists
1042 <em class="replaceable">key</em><tt class="literal">=</tt><em class="replaceable">value</em>
1043 pairs that can be used with the <em class="emphasis">-o</em> option of
1044 <em class="emphasis">smbmount</em> or in the options field of the
1045 <em class="filename">/etc/fstab</em> entry for the smbfs filesystem. See
1046 the <em class="emphasis">smbmount</em> manual page for a complete list of
1047 options.</p>
1049 <a name="samba2-CHP-5-TABLE-1"/><h4 class="head4">Table 5-1. smbmount options</h4><table border="1">
1054 <tr>
1055 <th>
1056 <p>Key</p>
1057 </th>
1058 <th>
1059 <p>Value</p>
1060 </th>
1061 <th>
1062 <p>Function</p>
1063 </th>
1064 </tr>
1067 <tr>
1068 <td>
1069 <p><tt class="literal">username</tt></p>
1070 </td>
1071 <td>
1072 <p>string</p>
1073 </td>
1074 <td>
1075 <p>Provides the username, and optionally the password and workgroup, for
1076 authentication.</p>
1077 </td>
1078 </tr>
1079 <tr>
1080 <td>
1081 <p><tt class="literal">password</tt></p>
1082 </td>
1083 <td>
1084 <p>string</p>
1085 </td>
1086 <td>
1087 <p>Provides the share or domain password, if it hasn't
1088 been supplied by another means.</p>
1089 </td>
1090 </tr>
1091 <tr>
1092 <td>
1093 <p><tt class="literal">credentials</tt></p>
1094 </td>
1095 <td>
1096 <p>string</p>
1097 </td>
1098 <td>
1099 <p>Name of file containing the username and password.</p>
1100 </td>
1101 </tr>
1102 <tr>
1103 <td>
1104 <p><tt class="literal">uid</tt></p>
1105 </td>
1106 <td>
1107 <p>string or numeric</p>
1108 </td>
1109 <td>
1110 <p>User ID to apply to all files and directories of the mounted share.</p>
1111 </td>
1112 </tr>
1113 <tr>
1114 <td>
1115 <p><tt class="literal">gid</tt></p>
1116 </td>
1117 <td>
1118 <p>string or numeric</p>
1119 </td>
1120 <td>
1121 <p>Group ID to apply to all files and directories of the mounted share.</p>
1122 </td>
1123 </tr>
1124 <tr>
1125 <td>
1126 <p><tt class="literal">fmask</tt></p>
1127 </td>
1128 <td>
1129 <p>numeric</p>
1130 </td>
1131 <td>
1132 <p>Permissions to apply to files. Default is based on current umask.</p>
1133 </td>
1134 </tr>
1135 <tr>
1136 <td>
1137 <p><tt class="literal">dmask</tt></p>
1138 </td>
1139 <td>
1140 <p>numeric</p>
1141 </td>
1142 <td>
1143 <p>Permissions to apply to directories. Default is based on current
1144 umask.</p>
1145 </td>
1146 </tr>
1147 <tr>
1148 <td>
1149 <p><tt class="literal">debug</tt></p>
1150 </td>
1151 <td>
1152 <p>numeric</p>
1153 </td>
1154 <td>
1155 <p>Debug level.</p>
1156 </td>
1157 </tr>
1158 <tr>
1159 <td>
1160 <p><tt class="literal">workgroup</tt></p>
1161 </td>
1162 <td>
1163 <p>string</p>
1164 </td>
1165 <td>
1166 <p>Name of workgroup of remote server.</p>
1167 </td>
1168 </tr>
1169 <tr>
1170 <td>
1171 <p><tt class="literal">guest</tt></p>
1172 </td>
1173 <td>
1174 <p>(none)</p>
1175 </td>
1176 <td>
1177 <p>Suppresses password prompt.</p>
1178 </td>
1179 </tr>
1180 <tr>
1181 <td>
1182 <p><tt class="literal">ro</tt></p>
1183 </td>
1184 <td>
1185 <p>(none)</p>
1186 </td>
1187 <td>
1188 <p>Mount read-only.</p>
1189 </td>
1190 </tr>
1191 <tr>
1192 <td>
1193 <p><tt class="literal">rw</tt></p>
1194 </td>
1195 <td>
1196 <p>(none)</p>
1197 </td>
1198 <td>
1199 <p>Mount read/write. This is the default.</p>
1200 </td>
1201 </tr>
1202 <tr>
1203 <td>
1204 <p><tt class="literal">ttl</tt></p>
1205 </td>
1206 <td>
1207 <p>numeric</p>
1208 </td>
1209 <td>
1210 <p>Amount of time to cache the contents of directories. Defaults to 1000
1211 ms <a name="INDEX-62"/>.</p>
1212 </td>
1213 </tr>
1215 </table>
1218 </div>
1221 </div>
1225 <div class="sect1"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-SECT-5"/>
1227 <h2 class="head1">smbsh</h2>
1229 <p>The <em class="emphasis">smbsh</em><a name="INDEX-63"/> program is part of the Samba suite and
1230 works on some, but not all, Unix variants.<a name="FNPTR-3"/><a href="#FOOTNOTE-3">[3]</a> Effectively, it adds a wrapper around the
1231 user's command shell, enabling it and common Unix
1232 utilities to work on files and directories in SMB shares, in addition
1233 to files and directories in the local Unix filesystem. From the
1234 user's perspective, the effect is that of a
1235 simulated mount of the SMB shares onto the Unix filesystem.</p>
1237 <p><em class="emphasis">smbsh</em> works by running the shell and programs
1238 run from it in an environment in which calls to the standard C
1239 library are redirected to the
1240 <em class="emphasis">smbwrapper</em><a name="INDEX-64"/> library, which has support for
1241 operating on SMB shares. This redirection can work only if the
1242 program being run is dynamically linked. Fortunately, modern Unix
1243 versions ship with most common utilities linked dynamically rather
1244 than statically.</p>
1246 <a name="samba2-CHP-5-NOTE-127"/><blockquote class="note"><h4 class="objtitle">TIP</h4>
1247 <p>To determine whether a program is dynamically or statically linked,
1248 try using the <em class="emphasis">file</em> command.</p>
1249 </blockquote>
1251 <p>To use <em class="emphasis">smbsh</em>, your Samba installation must be
1252 configured using the configure option
1253 <tt class="literal">--with-smbwrapper</tt>.</p>
1255 <p>If you have a number of Unix systems with the same host operating
1256 system and architecture and don't want to bother
1257 with a full Samba installation, you can simply move the following
1258 files to the other systems:</p>
1260 <blockquote><pre class="code">/usr/local/samba/bin/smbsh
1261 /usr/local/samba/bin/smbwrapper.so
1262 /usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf</pre></blockquote>
1264 <p>Make sure that <em class="filename">/usr/local/samba/bin</em> is in your
1265 shell's search path. The
1266 <em class="filename">smb.conf</em><a name="INDEX-65"/><a name="INDEX-66"/> file is
1267 needed only for <em class="emphasis">smbsh</em> to determine the workgroup
1268 or domain and does not need to be as elaborate as your Samba
1269 server's configuration file.</p>
1272 <div class="sect2"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-SECT-5.1"/>
1274 <h3 class="head2">An Interactive Session with smbsh</h3>
1276 <p><a name="INDEX-67"/>To start <em class="emphasis">smbsh</em>,
1277 simply type in the <em class="emphasis">smbsh</em> command at the shell
1278 prompt. You will be prompted for a username and password with which
1279 to authenticate on the SMB network:</p>
1281 <blockquote><pre class="code">$ <tt class="userinput"><b>smbsh</b></tt>
1282 Username: davecb
1283 Password:
1284 smbsh$</pre></blockquote>
1286 <p>While working within the <em class="emphasis">smbsh</em> shell, you have a
1287 virtual <em class="filename">/smb</em> directory. This does not actually
1288 exist in the Unix filesystem and is supported within
1289 <em class="emphasis">smbsh</em> only to help organize the SMB shares in a
1290 structure familiar to Unix users. You can list the contents of the
1291 <em class="filename">/smb</em> virtual directory and get a list of
1292 workgroups in the local network, which are also presented as virtual
1293 directories:</p>
1295 <blockquote><pre class="code">smbsh$ <tt class="userinput"><b>cd /smb ; ls</b></tt>
1296 ZOOL PLANK BACIL</pre></blockquote>
1298 <p>You can change your working directory to one of the workgroup virtual
1299 directories, and listing one of them will show the computers in the
1300 workgroup:</p>
1302 <blockquote><pre class="code">smbsh$ <tt class="userinput"><b>cd ZOOL ; ls</b></tt>
1303 ANTILLES DODO MILO SEAL
1304 ARGON HANGGLIDE OSTRICH SPARTA
1305 BALLET INFUSION PLAQUE THEBES
1306 CHABLIS JAZ PRAETORIAN TJ
1307 COBRA KIKO RAYOPCI TRANCE
1308 COUGUR MACHINE-HEADPCI RUMYA VIPERPCI
1309 CRUSTY MATHUMA SCOT</pre></blockquote>
1311 <p>Likewise, you can change your current directory to, and list the
1312 contents of, a computer virtual directory, and then you can see a
1313 listing of shares offered by that computer:</p>
1315 <blockquote><pre class="code">smbsh$ <tt class="userinput"><b>cd scot ; ls</b></tt>
1316 ADMIN$ davecb nc np2s pl
1317 ace dhcp-mrk03 np nps xp
1318 cl ep np2 opcom</pre></blockquote>
1320 <p>This is the lowest level of
1321 <em class="emphasis">smbsh</em>'s virtual directory
1322 system. Once you <em class="emphasis">cd</em> into a share, you are within
1323 the SMB share on the remote computer:</p>
1325 <blockquote><pre class="code">smbsh$ <tt class="userinput"><b>cd davecb ; ls</b></tt>
1326 Mail mkanalysis_dirs.idx
1327 SUNWexplo nfs.ps
1328 Sent nsmail
1329 allsun.html projects.txt
1330 bin sumtimex</pre></blockquote>
1332 <p>Once in a remote share, most of the Unix shell utilities will work,
1333 and you can operate on files and directories much as you would on any
1334 Unix system. You can even create symbolic links in the Unix
1335 filesystem pointing to files and directories in the SMB share.
1336 However, attempts to create symbolic links in the SMB share will fail
1337 unless the share is being served by Samba with support for Unix CIFS
1338 extensions.</p>
1341 </div>
1344 </div>
1348 <div class="sect1"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-SECT-6"/>
1350 <h2 class="head1">smbutil and mount_smbfs</h2>
1352 <p>The <em class="emphasis">smbutil</em> and <em class="emphasis">mount_smbfs</em>
1353 programs provide SMB client functionality for FreeBSD, Darwin, and
1354 Mac OS X. Neither of the programs is part of the Samba distribution;
1355 however, we are including them to give you a little additional
1356 support in case you have BSD-related Unix systems on your network.</p>
1359 <div class="sect2"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-SECT-6.1"/>
1361 <h3 class="head2">smbutil</h3>
1363 <p>The <em class="emphasis">smbutil</em><a name="INDEX-68"/> program provides functionality similar
1364 to some of the Samba suite's command-line utilities.
1365 It can be used to list the shares available on an SMB server or
1366 perform NetBIOS name lookups.</p>
1368 <p>The first argument given to <em class="emphasis">smbutil</em> is one of a
1369 number of subcommands and is usually followed by arguments specific
1370 to the subcommand. For example, to list the resources offered by a
1371 server, use the <em class="emphasis">view</em> subcommand, and enter your
1372 server password when prompted:</p>
1374 <blockquote><pre class="code">% <tt class="userinput"><b>smbutil view //vamana</b></tt>
1375 Password:
1376 Share Type Comment
1377 -------------------------------------------------------------
1378 public disk
1379 SS2500 printer Stylus Scan 2500
1380 IPC$ pipe IPC Service (Samba 2.2.5)
1381 ADMIN$ disk IPC Service (Samba 2.2.5)
1382 leonvs disk User Home Directories
1384 5 shares listed from 5 available</pre></blockquote>
1386 <p>If you wish to connect to the server with a username that differs
1387 from that on your client, you can specify it on the command line by
1388 preceding the name of the server with the username and using an at
1389 sign (<tt class="literal">@</tt>) as a separator:</p>
1391 <blockquote><pre class="code">% <tt class="userinput"><b>smbutil view //leonvs@vamana</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
1393 <p>You can also include the password after the username, using a colon
1394 (:) as a separator, to avoid being prompted for
1395 it:</p>
1397 <blockquote><pre class="code">% <tt class="userinput"><b>smbutil view //leonvs:leonspassword@vamana</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
1399 <p>Typing your password in the open like this is strongly discouraged.
1400 It's a little better if you use an encrypted
1401 password, which you can generate using
1402 <em class="emphasis">smbutil</em>'s
1403 <em class="emphasis">crypt</em> subcommand:</p>
1405 <blockquote><pre class="code">% <tt class="userinput"><b>smbutil crypt leonspassword</b></tt>
1406 $$1625a5723293f0710e5faffcfc6</pre></blockquote>
1408 <p>This can then be used in place of a clear-text password. However, the
1409 encryption is not particularly strong and will foil only the most
1410 casual inspection. As noted earlier, the only reasonably secure
1411 method of providing a password is to be prompted for it.</p>
1413 <p>While starting up, <em class="emphasis">smbutil</em> reads the file
1414 <em class="filename">.nsmbrc</em><a name="INDEX-69"/> in the user's home
1415 directory. Also, the file
1416 <em class="filename">/usr/local/etc/nsmb.conf</em><a name="INDEX-70"/><a name="INDEX-71"/> is read, and directives in that file
1417 override those in users'
1418 <em class="filename">~/.nsmbrc</em> files. This is to allow administrators
1419 to apply mandatory settings to all users. Directives can be placed in
1420 this file using the section and parameter format similar to that of
1421 the Samba configuration file. A list of common configuration
1422 parameters is given in <a href="ch05.html#samba2-CHP-5-TABLE-2">Table 5-2</a>.</p>
1424 <p>For example, to keep your password in your
1425 <em class="filename">~/.nsmbrc</em> file, you can create an entry in the
1426 file such as the following:</p>
1428 <blockquote><pre class="code">[VAMANA:LEONVS]
1429 password=$$1625a5723293f0710e5faffcfc6</pre></blockquote>
1431 <p>The section heading in brackets specifies the SMB
1432 server's NetBIOS name and the username to which the
1433 subsequent parameter settings apply. (The hostname and username
1434 should be supplied in uppercase characters.) Section headings can
1435 also consist of just a hostname or can contain a share name as a
1436 third element for specifying parameters applicable to a single share.
1437 Finally, if a <tt class="literal">[default]</tt> section is present, the
1438 settings in it apply to all connections.</p>
1440 <p>The following example <em class="filename">.nsmbrc</em> shows some of the
1441 other parameters you might use:</p>
1443 <blockquote><pre class="code">[default]
1444 username=leonvs
1445 # NetBIOS name server
1446 nbns=192.168.1.3
1448 [VAMANA]
1449 # server IP address
1450 addr=192.168.1.6
1451 workgroup=TEST
1453 [VAMANA:LEONVS]
1454 password=$$1625a5723293f0710e5faffcfc6</pre></blockquote>
1456 <p>Another thing you can do with <em class="emphasis">smbutil</em> is
1457 <a name="INDEX-72"/><a name="INDEX-73"/><a name="INDEX-74"/>translate between IP addresses or DNS
1458 names and
1459 <a name="INDEX-75"/>NetBIOS
1460 names. For example, the <em class="emphasis">status</em> subcommand takes
1461 an IP address or DNS hostname as an argument and returns the
1462 corresponding SMB server's NetBIOS name and
1463 workgroup:</p>
1465 <blockquote><pre class="code">% <tt class="userinput"><b>smbutil status 192.168.1.6</b></tt>
1466 Workgroup: TEST
1467 Server: VAMANA</pre></blockquote>
1469 <p>The <em class="emphasis">lookup</em> subcommand returns the IP address
1470 associated with a given NetBIOS hostname. A NetBIOS name server can
1471 be optionally specified with the <em class="emphasis">-w</em> argument:</p>
1473 <blockquote><pre class="code">% <tt class="userinput"><b>smbutil lookup -w 192.168.1.3 VAMANA</b></tt>
1474 Got response from 192.168.1.3
1475 IP address of VAMANA: 192.168.1.6</pre></blockquote>
1478 </div>
1481 <div class="sect2"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-SECT-6.2"/>
1483 <h3 class="head2">mount_smbfs</h3>
1485 <p>The <em class="emphasis">mount_smbfs</em><a name="INDEX-76"/> program performs essentially the same
1486 function as <em class="emphasis">smbmount</em> on Linux. It mounts an SMB
1487 share on a directory in the local filesystem. The SMB share can then
1488 be accessed just like any other directory, subject to some behavioral
1489 differences noted earlier in <a href="ch05.html#samba2-CHP-5-SECT-4.1">Section 5.4.1</a>.</p>
1491 <p>The command synopsis for <em class="emphasis">mount_smbfs</em> is:</p>
1493 <blockquote><pre class="code">mount_smbfs <em class="replaceable">[options]</em> <em class="replaceable">Share-UNC</em> <em class="replaceable">mount-point</em></pre></blockquote>
1495 <p>where <em class="replaceable">Share-UNC</em> is of the form:</p>
1497 <blockquote><pre class="code">//[<em class="replaceable">workgroup</em>;][<em class="replaceable">username</em>[:<em class="replaceable">password</em>]@]<em class="replaceable">server</em>[/<em class="replaceable">share</em>]</pre></blockquote>
1499 <p>For example:</p>
1501 <blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>mount_smbfs '//TEST;leonvs:$$1625a5723293f0710e5faffcfc6@vamana/leonvs' /</b></tt>
1502 \<tt class="userinput"><b>Volumes/leonvs</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
1504 <p>The ownership and permissions of the mount point determine the
1505 default ownership and permissions for files and directories in the
1506 mounted share. These can be modified with command-line arguments,
1507 like this:</p>
1509 <blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>mount_smbfs -u leonvs -g admin -f 0750 -d 0755 //leonvs@vamana/leonvs </b></tt>
1510 \<tt class="userinput"><b>/Volumes/leonvs</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
1512 <p>In this example, the files and directories in the mounted share will
1513 be owned by the user leonvs and the group admin, with files and
1514 directories having permissions 750 and 755, respectively. (As usual,
1515 the permissions are specified in the octal format used by the Unix
1516 <em class="emphasis">chmod</em> command.)</p>
1518 <p>The <em class="emphasis">mount_smbfs</em><a name="INDEX-77"/><a name="INDEX-78"/> command
1519 also makes use of settings in
1520 <em class="filename">/usr/local/etc/nsmb.conf</em> and
1521 <em class="filename">~/.nsmbrc</em>, as described earlier. A list of
1522 common configuration parameters and command-line options is provided
1523 in <a href="ch05.html#samba2-CHP-5-TABLE-2">Table 5-2</a>.</p>
1525 <a name="samba2-CHP-5-TABLE-2"/><h4 class="head4">Table 5-2. Common smbutil and mount_smbfs options</h4><table border="1">
1530 <tr>
1531 <th>
1532 <p>Command-line option</p>
1533 </th>
1534 <th>
1535 <p>Configuration file parameter</p>
1536 </th>
1537 <th>
1538 <p>Description</p>
1539 </th>
1540 </tr>
1543 <tr>
1544 <td>
1545 <p><tt class="literal">-I</tt> <em class="replaceable">hostname</em></p>
1546 </td>
1547 <td>
1548 <p><tt class="literal">addr</tt></p>
1549 </td>
1550 <td>
1551 <p>Avoid NetBIOS name resolution and connect to the server using the
1552 specified DNS hostname or IP address.</p>
1553 </td>
1554 </tr>
1555 <tr>
1556 <td>
1557 <p>-N</p>
1558 </td>
1559 <td>
1560 <p><em class="emphasis">none</em></p>
1561 </td>
1562 <td>
1563 <p>Do not prompt for a password.</p>
1564 </td>
1565 </tr>
1566 <tr>
1567 <td>
1568 <p>-R <em class="replaceable">count</em></p>
1569 </td>
1570 <td>
1571 <p><tt class="literal">retry_count</tt></p>
1572 </td>
1573 <td>
1574 <p>Number of times to retry connection before giving up.</p>
1575 </td>
1576 </tr>
1577 <tr>
1578 <td>
1579 <p>-T <em class="replaceable">seconds</em></p>
1580 </td>
1581 <td>
1582 <p><tt class="literal">timeout</tt></p>
1583 </td>
1584 <td>
1585 <p>Timeout, in seconds, per connection request.</p>
1586 </td>
1587 </tr>
1588 <tr>
1589 <td>
1590 <p>-U <em class="replaceable">username</em></p>
1591 </td>
1592 <td>
1593 <p><tt class="literal">username</tt></p>
1594 </td>
1595 <td>
1596 <p>Username to use for authentication. Defaults to Unix username.</p>
1597 </td>
1598 </tr>
1599 <tr>
1600 <td>
1601 <p>-W <em class="replaceable">workgroup</em></p>
1602 </td>
1603 <td>
1604 <p><tt class="literal">workgroup</tt></p>
1605 </td>
1606 <td>
1607 <p>Name of workgroup of remote server.</p>
1608 </td>
1609 </tr>
1610 <tr>
1611 <td>
1612 <p>-d <em class="replaceable">mode</em></p>
1613 </td>
1614 <td>
1615 <p><em class="emphasis">none</em></p>
1616 </td>
1617 <td>
1618 <p>Permissions to apply to directories in the mounted share. Defaults to
1619 the same as the file permissions, plus an execute (search) bit
1620 whenever the read bit is set.</p>
1621 </td>
1622 </tr>
1623 <tr>
1624 <td>
1625 <p>-f <em class="replaceable">mode</em></p>
1626 </td>
1627 <td>
1628 <p><em class="filename">none</em></p>
1629 </td>
1630 <td>
1631 <p>Permissions to apply to files in the mounted share. Defaults to the
1632 same as the permissions set on the directory used as the mount point.</p>
1633 </td>
1634 </tr>
1635 <tr>
1636 <td>
1637 <p>-g <em class="replaceable">group</em></p>
1638 </td>
1639 <td>
1640 <p><em class="emphasis">none</em></p>
1641 </td>
1642 <td>
1643 <p>Name or numeric GID to apply to all files and directories in the
1644 mounted share. Defaults to the group of the directory used as the
1645 mount point.</p>
1646 </td>
1647 </tr>
1648 <tr>
1649 <td>
1650 <p>-n <em class="replaceable">long</em></p>
1651 </td>
1652 <td>
1653 <p><em class="emphasis">none</em></p>
1654 </td>
1655 <td>
1656 <p>Disable support for long filenames. Restrict filenames to 8.3 naming
1657 standard.</p>
1658 </td>
1659 </tr>
1660 <tr>
1661 <td>
1662 <p>-u <em class="replaceable">username</em></p>
1663 </td>
1664 <td>
1665 <p><em class="emphasis">none</em></p>
1666 </td>
1667 <td>
1668 <p>Username or numeric UID to apply as the owner of all files and
1669 directories in the mounted share. Defaults to the owner of the
1670 directory used as the mount point.</p>
1671 </td>
1672 </tr>
1673 <tr>
1674 <td>
1675 <p>-w <em class="replaceable">hostname</em></p>
1676 </td>
1677 <td>
1678 <p><tt class="literal">nbns</tt></p>
1679 </td>
1680 <td>
1681 <p>Hostname or IP address of the NetBIOS name server.</p>
1682 </td>
1683 </tr>
1684 <tr>
1685 <td>
1686 <p><em class="emphasis">none</em></p>
1687 </td>
1688 <td>
1689 <p><tt class="literal">password</tt></p>
1690 </td>
1691 <td>
1692 <p>Password to use for authentication.</p>
1693 </td>
1694 </tr>
1696 </table>
1699 </div>
1702 <div class="sect2"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-SECT-6.3"/>
1704 <h3 class="head2">Mac OS X</h3>
1706 <p><a name="INDEX-79"/>In addition to
1707 <em class="emphasis">smbutil</em> and <em class="emphasis">mount_smbfs</em>, OS
1708 X includes a graphical interface to the functionality they provide.
1709 To use this interface, open the Go menu and select the Connect to
1710 Server . . . menu item. Instead of using a UNC, specify the share in
1711 the form of a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) with a prefix of
1712 <tt class="literal">smb://</tt> entered in the Address field, as shown in
1713 <a href="ch05.html#samba2-CHP-5-FIG-5">Figure 5-5</a>.</p>
1715 <div class="figure"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-FIG-5"/><img src="figs/sam2_0505.gif"/></div><h4 class="head4">Figure 5-5. OS X Connect to Server dialog</h4>
1717 <p>You can specify a server, share, workgroup, username, and password
1718 (optionally encrypted with <em class="emphasis">smbutil crypt</em>) in the
1719 URI, in the same format as the UNC argument to
1720 <em class="emphasis">mount_smbfs</em>. If you don't
1721 specify a share name in the URI, you will be shown a window that lets
1722 you choose from a list of shares available to mount. See <a href="ch05.html#samba2-CHP-5-FIG-6">Figure 5-6</a>.</p>
1724 <div class="figure"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-FIG-6"/><img src="figs/sam2_0506.gif"/></div><h4 class="head4">Figure 5-6. Selecting a share to mount</h4>
1726 <p>Only guest-accessible shares will show up in the list until
1727 you've authenticated. After pressing the
1728 Authenticate button, you'll be prompted for a
1729 workgroup, username, and password, as shown in <a href="ch05.html#samba2-CHP-5-FIG-7">Figure 5-7</a>. You'll also see this dialog
1730 if you provide a share name in the URI, but not a username and
1731 password.<a name="FNPTR-4"/><a href="#FOOTNOTE-4">[4]</a></p>
1733 <div class="figure"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-FIG-7"/><img src="figs/sam2_0507.gif"/></div><h4 class="head4">Figure 5-7. Client authentication</h4>
1735 <p>As usual for Mac OS X, shares are mounted under
1736 <em class="filename">/Volumes</em>, but show up in the root of the Finder
1737 hierarchy.</p>
1739 <p>If you have a WINS server on your network, you can provide the
1740 server's IP address in the Directory Access
1741 application, or by using the <tt class="literal">wins</tt>
1742 <tt class="literal">server</tt> parameter in
1743 <em class="filename">/etc/smb.conf</em>.</p>
1745 <p>If you don't know the name of a server to which you
1746 wish to connect, you can look for it in the browse list, using the
1747 graphical frontend to the <em class="emphasis">nmblookup</em> command
1748 provided with Samba. Click the downward-pointing arrow in the Connect
1749 to Server . . . dialog box to show a hierarchical, column-based view
1750 of available workgroups and servers, similar to that shown in <a href="ch05.html#samba2-CHP-5-FIG-8">Figure 5-8</a>. If your client is also acting as an SMB file
1751 server, it won't show up in its own browse
1752 list.<a name="INDEX-80"/></p>
1754 <div class="figure"><a name="samba2-CHP-5-FIG-8"/><a name="INDEX-81"/><img src="figs/sam2_0508.gif"/></div><h4 class="head4">Figure 5-8. Browsing the network</h4>
1757 </div>
1760 </div>
1762 <hr/><h4 class="head4">Footnotes</h4><blockquote><a name="FOOTNOTE-1"/> <p><a href="#FNPTR-1">[1]</a> An alternative to extracting
1763 the tar archive directly to the SMB share is to use the Unix
1764 system's <em class="emphasis">tar</em> command to extract
1765 it to a directory on the Unix server, then copy the desired file(s)
1766 to a shared directory. This allows a greater amount of control over
1767 the restoration process, as when correcting for an accidental file
1768 deletion or reverting a set of files to a previous condition.</p>
1769 <a name="FOOTNOTE-2"/> <p><a href="#FNPTR-2">[2]</a> Samba Versions
1770 2.2.4 and later have support for Unix CIFS extensions developed by
1771 Hewlett-Packard, which add full support for Unix ownership, group,
1772 and permissions in smbfs filesystems when shared between two Samba
1773 systems. You will also need a recent version of smbfs in your Linux
1774 kernel.</p> <a name="FOOTNOTE-3"/> <p><a href="#FNPTR-3">[3]</a> At the
1775 time of this writing, <em class="emphasis">smbsh</em> does not work on
1776 HP/UX or Linux. However, Linux support might return in the
1777 future.</p> <a name="FOOTNOTE-4"/> <p><a href="#FNPTR-4">[4]</a> If you've previously
1778 stored your authentication information in a Keychain, you will
1779 instead be prompted for your Keychain password.</p> </blockquote><hr/><h4 class="head4"><a href="toc.html">TOC</a></h4></body></html>