add popen2 functionality in pycompat module

[PyX.git] / contrib / textboxes.tex

% Modified \output-routine for the use with PyX
% this file makes changes of \hsize and \vsizes possible after
% every pagebreak
%
% Copyright (C) 2004 Michael Schindler <m-schindler@sourceforge.net>
%
% This file is part of PyX (http://pyx.sourceforge.net/).
%
% PyX is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
% the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
% (at your option) any later version.
%
% PyX is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
% GNU General Public License for more details.
%
% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
% along with PyX; if not, write to the Free Software
% Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
%
%
\newtoks\lovsizes
\newtoks\lohsizes
\newtoks\parnos
\newtoks\parshapes
%
% Please note that all four tokenlists have to end with {\relax}
% This is needed for correct shortening
%
%%%%%%%%%% TeX's part %%%%%%%%%%
\newif\ifverbose \verbosefalse
\newcount\tempcnt
\newcount\parno \parno=1
\newcount\myprevgraf \myprevgraf=0
\newcount\showprevgraf \showprevgraf=0
\newcount\outputtype \outputtype=0
\newcount\razor
\newcount\leastcost \leastcost=10000000
\newcount\futurecost
%
% Tools for splitting and merging tokenlists after their first element {{{
% did I learn too much lisp or what?
\def\cdr#1{\expandafter\precdr\expandafter#1\the#1@}
\def\numcdr#1{\expandafter\prenumcdr\expandafter#1\the#1@}
\def\numconcat#1#2{\edef\foo{{\the#1}\the#2}\global#2=\expandafter{\foo}}
%
\def\precdr#1#2#3@{\ifx#2\relax\relax\global#1={\relax}\else#2\global#1={#3}\fi}
\def\prenumcdr#1#2#3@{\ifx\relax#2 0\global#1={\relax}\else#2\global#1={#3}\fi}
% }}}
%
% The output routine {{{
% Documentation {{{
% 1. Question: Who calls the pagebuilder and \output?
%    Answer: Only \par and $$ (as far as I have read the TeXbook)
%
% 2. Question: So, all together: What is to be done?
%    Answer: We have to simulate the work of the linebuilder that makes
%    paragraphs and math into lines in order to find out, what value \prevgraf
%    might have at a pagepreak. Then, we change the \hsize and \vsize at the
%    pagepreak and inform PyX about the value of \prevgraf.
%
% 3. Question: When is \prevgraf advanced?
%    Answer: At every line by 1 and at every display math by 3
%
% 4. Question: How can we hook into the pagebuilding mechanism to find out
%    about lines and displays?
%    Answer: We get into the pagebuilder that splits vertical lists into pages
%    if we enforce a penalty of less than -10000. There are three built-in
%    hooks: \interlinepenalty
%           \predisplaypenalty
%           \postdisplaypenalty
%    These are set to values less than -10000 by wrapping \par and $$, the
%    ones who call the pagebuilder and, therefore, \output
%
%    Unfortunately, we get only "breaks", but we are interested in lines. At
%    each list, we have one break less than lines. So, we have to add another
%    call of \output at the end of a paragraph. This is done by an explicit
%           \penalty
%    A display math succeeding some text also calls the pagebuilder. We have
%    to add another line in such situations. This is done in the output
%    routine while processing \predisplaypenalty.
%
% 5. Question: Why are there so many \ifnum s in the output routine?
%    Answer: As explained avove, we have to do different things at different
%    positions of our text. \interlinepenalty and the \penalty for paragraph
%    endings have to add a line. \postdisplaypenalty has to add the display
%    (advances \prevgraf by 3), while \predisplaypenalty may still reside on
%    the previous page, while the display math has moved to the next one.
%    Therefore, it does not contribute to the \prevgraf. Nevertheless, if
%    there was some text before the display math in the same paragraph, we
%    still have to add the last line of text!
%
%    This is the reason for the whole \outputtype business:
%    We have to show a \prevgraf value different to \myprevgraf at a situation
%    where an \interlinepenalty is followed by a \predisplaypenalty which is
%    followed by a pagebreak. The display is on the next page.
%    The same can -- of course -- also occur with a \predisplaypenalty
%    following a \penalty caused by \par
%
% 6. Question: What the hell does \leastcost do?
%    Answer: This is a tricky point. We hooked into the pagebuilding mechanism
%    by changing penalties. In this case, TeX thinks, there is a very good
%    pagebreak and calls \output. But \output removes the strongly negative
%    penalty we added. Now, TeX has to reconsider the pagebreak and may come
%    to the result that some of the lines that have appeared as perfect
%    pagebreaks are not so perfect...
%    Therefore, before we re-inject the whole vertical list and remove the
%    negative penalty by saying
%       \unvbox255 \advance\outputpenalty by XXXXXX \penalty\outputpenalty
%    we have to know in advance, what the pagebuilder will think of the
%    pagebreak in the next run. See the TeXbook, p. 111 for the correct
%    formula.
%
%    This is the reason for \showprevgraf. We have two counters:
%    - \myprevgraf counts real lines and displays. This keeps us up-to-date
%      with the paragraph all the time
%    - \showprevgraf only counts what will be visible on the current page. It
%    will be reset to \myprevgraf after the pagebreak.
%
% 7. Question: What do you do to \deadcycles?
%    Answer: \deadcycles is advanced every time an \output routine has
%    re-inserted \box255 into the recent contributions. We have to do this for
%    every line and display math. Therefore, we are restricted to
%    \maxdeadcycles lines or displays :-(
%    To avoid this, we cheat the counting of deadcycles and re-advance
%    \deadcycles by -1. Please, be careful with this hack!
% }}}
\def\setshowprevgraf#1{%
  % \futurecost will be the cost in the next step (TeXBook, p.111)
  \futurecost=#1
  \advance\futurecost by\outputpenalty
  % redo Knuth's formula for pagebreaking: futurecost (is the penalty), badness and insertpenalties
  \ifnum\insertpenalties<10000
      \ifnum\futurecost<-9999
      \else\ifnum\futurecost<10000
          \ifnum\badness<10000
              \advance\futurecost by\badness
          \else\ifnum\badness=10000
              \futurecost=100000
          \else
              \futurecost=10000000 % infinity
          \fi\fi
      \else
          \futurecost=10000 % this case is not in Knuth's formula !??
      \fi\fi
  \else
      \futurecost=10000000 % infinity
  \fi
  % track the leastcost up to now and
  % set showprevgraf to the current value of myprevgraf
  \ifnum\futurecost>\leastcost\else
    \global\leastcost=\futurecost
    \global\showprevgraf=\myprevgraf
  \fi
  % show some debugging info
  \inform
}
\def\inform{\ifverbose\immediate\write16{%
  \space myprevgraf=\the\myprevgraf
  \space showprevgraf=\the\showprevgraf
  \space futurecost=\the\futurecost
  \space leastcost=\the\leastcost}\fi
}
% at the end of all input we will need \showprevgraf to be \myprevgraf
% \supereject is called by \bye
% and explicitly by the textboxes() method
\edef\savesupereject{\supereject}
\def\supereject{\global\showprevgraf=\myprevgraf\savesupereject}
% save whatever someone said to be the output routine
%   \plainoutput uses \makeheadline and \makefootline
\newtoks\saveoutput
\def\makeheadline{}
\def\makefootline{}
\saveoutput=\expandafter{\the\output}
\def\linemarker{\PyXMarker{start@\the\parno@\the\myprevgraf}}
\output={%
  \tempcnt=\deadcycles \advance\tempcnt by-1 \deadcycles=\tempcnt%
  \razor=-50000
  \ifnum\outputpenalty>\razor
    %%%%%%%%%% End of the page %%%%%%%%%%
    \immediate\write16{PyXVariableBox:page=\the\pageno,par=\the\parno,prevgraf=\the\showprevgraf:}%
    % reset showprevgraf
    \global\showprevgraf=\myprevgraf
    \tempcnt=\deadcycles \advance\tempcnt by 1 \deadcycles=\tempcnt
    % set the outputtype
%    \global\outputtype=0 % this has no outputtype!! Otherwise, the outputtype of the last page is lost
%    e.g. <textline> <pagebreak> <textline> <display> makes
%    <\interlinepenalty (1)> <pagebreak (!!! not 0!!!)>  <\predisplaypenalty (should be 5, not 2)>
    % after the page has been shipped out, we need a new leastcost
    \global\leastcost=10000000
    % do whatever someone told to be the output routine
    \the\saveoutput
    % and change the \hsize and \vsize
    \cdr\lovsizes \cdr\lohsizes
  \else\advance\razor by -100000 \ifnum\outputpenalty>\razor
    %%%%%%%%%% InterLinePenalty: -100000 %%%%%%%%%%
    \ifverbose\immediate\write16{******** InterLinePenalty ********}\fi
    \global\advance\myprevgraf by 1
    % this will be the cost in the next page break finding:
    \setshowprevgraf{100000}
    % set the outputtype
    \global\outputtype=1
    % and re-inject the whole page with the original penalty
    \unvbox255
    \linemarker
%    \setbox0=\lastbox%
%    \setbox0=\hbox to \the\wd0{\PyXMarker{start@\the\parno@\the\myprevgraf}%
%                               \unhbox0%
%                               \PyXMarker{end@\the\parno@\the\myprevgraf}}%
%    \nointerlineskip\box0%
    \advance\outputpenalty by 100000 \penalty\outputpenalty
  \else\advance\razor by -100000 \ifnum\outputpenalty>\razor
    %%%%%%%%%% PreDisplayPenalty: -200000 %%%%%%%%%%
    \ifverbose\immediate\write16{******** PreDisplayPenalty ********}\fi
    \ifnum\outputtype=1
      \global\advance\myprevgraf by 1 % this is for the last preceding text line
      \global\outputtype=5
      % this will be the cost in the next page break finding:
      \setshowprevgraf{200000}
    \else\ifnum\outputtype=4
      \global\advance\myprevgraf by 1 % this is for the first line of the current par
      % which has no interlinepenalty
      \global\outputtype=2
      % this will be the cost in the next page break finding:
      \setshowprevgraf{200000}
    \else
      \global\outputtype=2
      \def\linemarker{}
    \fi\fi
    % and re-inject the whole page with the original penalty
    \unvbox255
    \linemarker
    \advance\outputpenalty by 200000 \penalty\outputpenalty
  \else\advance\razor by -100000 \ifnum\outputpenalty>\razor
    %%%%%%%%%% PostDisplayPenalty: -300000 %%%%%%%%%%
    \ifverbose\immediate\write16{******** PostDisplayPenalty ********}\fi
    \global\advance\myprevgraf by 3 % all prevgraf for the display comes here, not in PreDisplayPenalty
    % this will be the cost in the next page break finding:
    \setshowprevgraf{300000}
    % set the outputtype
    \global\outputtype=3
    % and re-inject the whole page with the original penalty
    \unvbox255
    \linemarker
    \advance\outputpenalty by 300000 \penalty\outputpenalty
  \else\advance\razor by -100000 \ifnum\outputpenalty>\razor
    %%%%%%%%%% end of the paragraph: \penalty-400000 %%%%%%%%%%
    \ifverbose\immediate\write16{******** Penalty ********}\fi
    \global\advance\myprevgraf by 1
    % this will be the cost in the next page break finding:
    \setshowprevgraf{400000}
    \global\outputtype=4
    % and re-inject the whole page with the original penalty
    \unvbox255
    \linemarker
    \advance\outputpenalty by 400000 \penalty\outputpenalty
  \else
    %%%%%%%%%% some stuff unknown to us %%%%%%%%%%
    \immediate\write16{******** VEEEEEEERY negative value of outputpenalty: ERROR? ********}%
    \unvbox255
    \tempcnt=\deadcycles\advance\tempcnt by 1 \deadcycles=\tempcnt
  \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi}
% }}}
%
% We have to reset certain things at the beginning of {{{
% every paragraph: Hook into it with \everypar
\newtoks\saveeverypar
\saveeverypar=\expandafter{\the\everypar}
\everypar={%
  \global\advance\parno by 1
  \global\myprevgraf=0
  \global\showprevgraf=0
%  \global\leastcost=10000000
  % check if the following paragraph will need a \parshape
  % if yes, say the first token of \parshapes
  % if no, restore the parno number into \parnos.
  % This has to come in \everypar to avoid content after the last \par
  \tempcnt=\numcdr\parnos
  \ifnum\tempcnt=\parno \cdr\parshapes
  \else \numconcat\tempcnt\parnos
  \fi
  %PAR--\the\parno--%
  \the\saveeverypar}
% }}}
%
% \par calls the pagebuilder and \output {{{
% We wrap the \par primitive
%  - set \interlinepenalty first and reset it afterwards
%  - call \output another time for the last line of the paragraph
\let\savepar\par
\def\par{%
  \ifvmode\savepar\else\ifinner\savepar\else
%    \global\leastcost=10000000
    \advance\interlinepenalty by -100000
    \vadjust{\penalty-400000}%
    \savepar
    \advance\interlinepenalty by 100000
  \fi\fi}
% }}}
%
% $$ also calls the pagebuilder and \output {{{
% We wrap these characters with newly defined commands
% \display and \enddisplay
% XXX Can $ be redefined to achieve the same result?
%  - $$ (begin) calls the pagebuilder for the previous text
%    we have to do similar things as in \par
%  - $$ (end) calls the pagebuilder for the display math
%    we have to adjust \predisplaypenalty and \postdisplaypenalty
% XXX Has \interdisplaylinepenalty any effect on \prevgraf ?
\def\display{%
%  \global\leastcost=10000000
  \global\advance\interlinepenalty by -100000
  $$%
  \global\advance\interlinepenalty by 100000\relax}
\def\enddisplay{%
%  \global\leastcost=10000000
  \global\advance\predisplaypenalty by -200000
  \global\advance\postdisplaypenalty by -300000
  $$%
  \global\advance\predisplaypenalty by 200000
  \global\advance\postdisplaypenalty by 300000\relax}
% }}}
%
% vim:fdm=marker