fix bug 3524174, thanks to Jeff Higgins for the report, thanks to Michael J Gruber...
[PyX.git] / pyx / deco.py
blob8cc6f95180a009dd2181227c6af1e69603231bf2
1 # -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
4 # Copyright (C) 2002-2011 Jörg Lehmann <joergl@users.sourceforge.net>
5 # Copyright (C) 2003-2011 Michael Schindler <m-schindler@users.sourceforge.net>
6 # Copyright (C) 2002-2011 André Wobst <wobsta@users.sourceforge.net>
8 # This file is part of PyX (http://pyx.sourceforge.net/).
10 # PyX is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
11 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
12 # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
13 # (at your option) any later version.
15 # PyX is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
16 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
18 # GNU General Public License for more details.
20 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
21 # along with PyX; if not, write to the Free Software
22 # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
24 # TODO:
25 # - should we improve on the arc length -> arg parametrization routine or
26 # should we at least factor it out?
28 import sys, math
29 import attr, canvas, canvasitem, color, path, normpath, style, trafo, unit, deformer
31 _marker = object()
34 # Decorated path
37 class decoratedpath(canvasitem.canvasitem):
38 """Decorated path
40 The main purpose of this class is during the drawing
41 (stroking/filling) of a path. It collects attributes for the
42 stroke and/or fill operations.
43 """
45 def __init__(self, path, strokepath=None, fillpath=None,
46 styles=None, strokestyles=None, fillstyles=None,
47 ornaments=None, fillrule=style.fillrule.nonzero_winding):
49 self.path = path
51 # global style for stroking and filling and subdps
52 self.styles = styles
54 # styles which apply only for stroking and filling
55 self.strokestyles = strokestyles
56 self.fillstyles = fillstyles
58 # the decoratedpath can contain additional elements of the
59 # path (ornaments), e.g., arrowheads.
60 if ornaments is None:
61 self.ornaments = canvas.canvas()
62 else:
63 self.ornaments = ornaments
65 # the fillrule is either fillrule.nonzero_winding or fillrule.even_odd
66 self.fillrule = fillrule
68 self.nostrokeranges = None
70 def ensurenormpath(self):
71 """convert self.path into a normpath"""
72 assert self.nostrokeranges is None or isinstance(self.path, path.normpath), "you don't understand what you are doing"
73 self.path = self.path.normpath()
75 def excluderange(self, begin, end):
76 assert isinstance(self.path, path.normpath), "you don't understand what this is about"
77 if self.nostrokeranges is None:
78 self.nostrokeranges = [(begin, end)]
79 else:
80 ibegin = 0
81 while ibegin < len(self.nostrokeranges) and self.nostrokeranges[ibegin][1] < begin:
82 ibegin += 1
84 if ibegin == len(self.nostrokeranges):
85 self.nostrokeranges.append((begin, end))
86 return
88 iend = len(self.nostrokeranges) - 1
89 while 0 <= iend and end < self.nostrokeranges[iend][0]:
90 iend -= 1
92 if iend == -1:
93 self.nostrokeranges.insert(0, (begin, end))
94 return
96 if self.nostrokeranges[ibegin][0] < begin:
97 begin = self.nostrokeranges[ibegin][0]
98 if end < self.nostrokeranges[iend][1]:
99 end = self.nostrokeranges[iend][1]
101 self.nostrokeranges[ibegin:iend+1] = [(begin, end)]
103 def bbox(self):
104 pathbbox = self.path.bbox()
105 ornamentsbbox = self.ornaments.bbox()
106 if ornamentsbbox is not None:
107 return ornamentsbbox + pathbbox
108 else:
109 return pathbbox
111 def strokepath(self):
112 if self.nostrokeranges:
113 splitlist = []
114 for begin, end in self.nostrokeranges:
115 splitlist.append(begin)
116 splitlist.append(end)
117 split = self.path.split(splitlist)
118 # XXX properly handle closed paths?
119 result = split[0]
120 for i in range(2, len(split), 2):
121 result += split[i]
122 return result
123 else:
124 return self.path
126 def processPS(self, file, writer, context, registry, bbox):
127 # draw (stroke and/or fill) the decoratedpath on the canvas
128 # while trying to produce an efficient output, e.g., by
129 # not writing one path two times
131 # small helper
132 def _writestyles(styles, context, registry, bbox):
133 for style in styles:
134 style.processPS(file, writer, context, registry, bbox)
136 if self.strokestyles is None and self.fillstyles is None:
137 if not len(self.ornaments):
138 raise RuntimeError("Path neither to be stroked nor filled nor decorated in another way")
139 # just draw additional elements of decoratedpath
140 self.ornaments.processPS(file, writer, context, registry, bbox)
141 return
143 strokepath = self.strokepath()
144 fillpath = self.path
146 # apply global styles
147 if self.styles:
148 file.write("gsave\n")
149 context = context()
150 _writestyles(self.styles, context, registry, bbox)
152 if self.fillstyles is not None:
153 file.write("newpath\n")
154 fillpath.outputPS(file, writer)
156 if self.strokestyles is not None and strokepath is fillpath:
157 # do efficient stroking + filling if respective paths are identical
158 file.write("gsave\n")
160 if self.fillstyles:
161 _writestyles(self.fillstyles, context(), registry, bbox)
163 if self.fillrule.even_odd:
164 file.write("eofill\n")
165 else:
166 file.write("fill\n")
167 file.write("grestore\n")
169 acontext = context()
170 if self.strokestyles:
171 file.write("gsave\n")
172 _writestyles(self.strokestyles, acontext, registry, bbox)
174 file.write("stroke\n")
175 # take linewidth into account for bbox when stroking a path
176 bbox += strokepath.bbox().enlarged_pt(0.5*acontext.linewidth_pt)
178 if self.strokestyles:
179 file.write("grestore\n")
180 else:
181 # only fill fillpath - for the moment
182 if self.fillstyles:
183 file.write("gsave\n")
184 _writestyles(self.fillstyles, context(), registry, bbox)
186 if self.fillrule.even_odd:
187 file.write("eofill\n")
188 else:
189 file.write("fill\n")
190 bbox += fillpath.bbox()
192 if self.fillstyles:
193 file.write("grestore\n")
195 if self.strokestyles is not None and (strokepath is not fillpath or self.fillstyles is None):
196 # this is the only relevant case still left
197 # Note that a possible stroking has already been done.
198 acontext = context()
199 if self.strokestyles:
200 file.write("gsave\n")
201 _writestyles(self.strokestyles, acontext, registry, bbox)
203 file.write("newpath\n")
204 strokepath.outputPS(file, writer)
205 file.write("stroke\n")
206 # take linewidth into account for bbox when stroking a path
207 bbox += strokepath.bbox().enlarged_pt(0.5*acontext.linewidth_pt)
209 if self.strokestyles:
210 file.write("grestore\n")
212 # now, draw additional elements of decoratedpath
213 self.ornaments.processPS(file, writer, context, registry, bbox)
215 # restore global styles
216 if self.styles:
217 file.write("grestore\n")
219 def processPDF(self, file, writer, context, registry, bbox):
220 # draw (stroke and/or fill) the decoratedpath on the canvas
222 def _writestyles(styles, context, registry, bbox):
223 for style in styles:
224 style.processPDF(file, writer, context, registry, bbox)
226 def _writestrokestyles(strokestyles, context, registry, bbox):
227 context.fillattr = 0
228 for style in strokestyles:
229 style.processPDF(file, writer, context, registry, bbox)
230 context.fillattr = 1
232 def _writefillstyles(fillstyles, context, registry, bbox):
233 context.strokeattr = 0
234 for style in fillstyles:
235 style.processPDF(file, writer, context, registry, bbox)
236 context.strokeattr = 1
238 if self.strokestyles is None and self.fillstyles is None:
239 if not len(self.ornaments):
240 raise RuntimeError("Path neither to be stroked nor filled nor decorated in another way")
241 # just draw additional elements of decoratedpath
242 self.ornaments.processPDF(file, writer, context, registry, bbox)
243 return
245 strokepath = self.strokepath()
246 fillpath = self.path
248 # apply global styles
249 if self.styles:
250 file.write("q\n") # gsave
251 context = context()
252 _writestyles(self.styles, context, registry, bbox)
254 if self.fillstyles is not None:
255 fillpath.outputPDF(file, writer)
257 if self.strokestyles is not None and strokepath is fillpath:
258 # do efficient stroking + filling
259 file.write("q\n") # gsave
260 acontext = context()
262 if self.fillstyles:
263 _writefillstyles(self.fillstyles, acontext, registry, bbox)
264 if self.strokestyles:
265 _writestrokestyles(self.strokestyles, acontext, registry, bbox)
267 if self.fillrule.even_odd:
268 file.write("B*\n")
269 else:
270 file.write("B\n") # both stroke and fill
271 # take linewidth into account for bbox when stroking a path
272 bbox += strokepath.bbox().enlarged_pt(0.5*acontext.linewidth_pt)
274 file.write("Q\n") # grestore
275 else:
276 # only fill fillpath - for the moment
277 if self.fillstyles:
278 file.write("q\n") # gsave
279 _writefillstyles(self.fillstyles, context(), registry, bbox)
281 if self.fillrule.even_odd:
282 file.write("f*\n")
283 else:
284 file.write("f\n") # fill
285 bbox += fillpath.bbox()
287 if self.fillstyles:
288 file.write("Q\n") # grestore
290 if self.strokestyles is not None and (strokepath is not fillpath or self.fillstyles is None):
291 # this is the only relevant case still left
292 # Note that a possible stroking has already been done.
293 acontext = context()
295 if self.strokestyles:
296 file.write("q\n") # gsave
297 _writestrokestyles(self.strokestyles, acontext, registry, bbox)
299 strokepath.outputPDF(file, writer)
300 file.write("S\n") # stroke
301 # take linewidth into account for bbox when stroking a path
302 bbox += strokepath.bbox().enlarged_pt(0.5*acontext.linewidth_pt)
304 if self.strokestyles:
305 file.write("Q\n") # grestore
307 # now, draw additional elements of decoratedpath
308 self.ornaments.processPDF(file, writer, context, registry, bbox)
310 # restore global styles
311 if self.styles:
312 file.write("Q\n") # grestore
315 # Path decorators
318 class deco:
320 """decorators
322 In contrast to path styles, path decorators depend on the concrete
323 path to which they are applied. In particular, they don't make
324 sense without any path and can thus not be used in canvas.set!
328 def decorate(self, dp, texrunner):
329 """apply a style to a given decoratedpath object dp
331 decorate accepts a decoratedpath object dp, applies PathStyle
332 by modifying dp in place.
335 pass
338 # stroked and filled: basic decos which stroked and fill,
339 # respectively the path
342 class _stroked(deco, attr.exclusiveattr):
344 """stroked is a decorator, which draws the outline of the path"""
346 def __init__(self, styles=[]):
347 attr.exclusiveattr.__init__(self, _stroked)
348 self.styles = attr.mergeattrs(styles)
349 attr.checkattrs(self.styles, [style.strokestyle])
351 def __call__(self, styles=[]):
352 # XXX or should we also merge self.styles
353 return _stroked(styles)
355 def decorate(self, dp, texrunner):
356 if dp.strokestyles is not None:
357 raise RuntimeError("Cannot stroke an already stroked path")
358 dp.strokestyles = self.styles
360 stroked = _stroked()
361 stroked.clear = attr.clearclass(_stroked)
364 class _filled(deco, attr.exclusiveattr):
366 """filled is a decorator, which fills the interior of the path"""
368 def __init__(self, styles=[]):
369 attr.exclusiveattr.__init__(self, _filled)
370 self.styles = attr.mergeattrs(styles)
371 attr.checkattrs(self.styles, [style.fillstyle])
373 def __call__(self, styles=[]):
374 # XXX or should we also merge self.styles
375 return _filled(styles)
377 def decorate(self, dp, texrunner):
378 if dp.fillstyles is not None:
379 raise RuntimeError("Cannot fill an already filled path")
380 dp.fillstyles = self.styles
382 filled = _filled()
383 filled.clear = attr.clearclass(_filled)
386 # Arrows
389 # helper function which constructs the arrowhead
391 def _arrowhead(anormpath, arclenfrombegin, direction, size, angle, constrictionlen):
393 """helper routine, which returns an arrowhead from a given anormpath
395 - arclenfrombegin: position of arrow in arc length from the start of the path
396 - direction: +1 for an arrow pointing along the direction of anormpath or
397 -1 for an arrow pointing opposite to the direction of normpath
398 - size: size of the arrow as arc length
399 - angle. opening angle
400 - constrictionlen: None (no constriction) or arc length of constriction.
403 # arc length and coordinates of tip
404 tx, ty = anormpath.at(arclenfrombegin)
406 # construct the template for the arrow by cutting the path at the
407 # corresponding length
408 arrowtemplate = anormpath.split([arclenfrombegin, arclenfrombegin - direction * size])[1]
410 # from this template, we construct the two outer curves of the arrow
411 arrowl = arrowtemplate.transformed(trafo.rotate(-angle/2.0, tx, ty))
412 arrowr = arrowtemplate.transformed(trafo.rotate( angle/2.0, tx, ty))
414 # now come the joining backward parts
415 if constrictionlen is not None:
416 # constriction point (cx, cy) lies on path
417 cx, cy = anormpath.at(arclenfrombegin - direction * constrictionlen)
418 arrowcr= path.line(*(arrowr.atend() + (cx,cy)))
419 arrow = arrowl.reversed() << arrowr << arrowcr
420 else:
421 arrow = arrowl.reversed() << arrowr
423 arrow[-1].close()
425 return arrow
428 _base = 6 * unit.v_pt
430 class arrow(deco, attr.attr):
432 """arrow is a decorator which adds an arrow to either side of the path"""
434 def __init__(self, attrs=[], pos=1, reversed=0, size=_base, angle=45, constriction=0.8):
435 self.attrs = attr.mergeattrs([style.linestyle.solid, filled] + attrs)
436 attr.checkattrs(self.attrs, [deco, style.fillstyle, style.strokestyle])
437 self.pos = pos
438 self.reversed = reversed
439 self.size = size
440 self.angle = angle
441 self.constriction = constriction
443 def __call__(self, attrs=None, pos=None, reversed=None, size=None, angle=None, constriction=_marker):
444 if attrs is None:
445 attrs = self.attrs
446 if pos is None:
447 pos = self.pos
448 if reversed is None:
449 reversed = self.reversed
450 if size is None:
451 size = self.size
452 if angle is None:
453 angle = self.angle
454 if constriction is _marker:
455 constriction = self.constriction
456 return arrow(attrs=attrs, pos=pos, reversed=reversed, size=size, angle=angle, constriction=constriction)
458 def decorate(self, dp, texrunner):
459 dp.ensurenormpath()
460 anormpath = dp.path
462 # calculate absolute arc length of constricition
463 # Note that we have to correct this length because the arrowtemplates are rotated
464 # by self.angle/2 to the left and right. Hence, if we want no constriction, i.e., for
465 # self.constriction = 1, we actually have a length which is approximately shorter
466 # by the given geometrical factor.
467 if self.constriction is not None:
468 constrictionlen = arrowheadconstrictionlen = self.size * self.constriction * math.cos(math.radians(self.angle/2.0))
469 else:
470 # if we do not want a constriction, i.e. constriction is None, we still
471 # need constrictionlen for cutting the path
472 constrictionlen = self.size * 1 * math.cos(math.radians(self.angle/2.0))
473 arrowheadconstrictionlen = None
475 arclenfrombegin = (1-self.reversed)*constrictionlen + self.pos * (anormpath.arclen() - constrictionlen)
476 direction = self.reversed and -1 or 1
477 arrowhead = _arrowhead(anormpath, arclenfrombegin, direction, self.size, self.angle, arrowheadconstrictionlen)
479 # add arrowhead to decoratedpath
480 dp.ornaments.draw(arrowhead, self.attrs)
482 # exlude part of the path from stroking when the arrow is strictly at the begin or the end
483 if self.pos == 0 and self.reversed:
484 dp.excluderange(0, min(self.size, constrictionlen))
485 elif self.pos == 1 and not self.reversed:
486 dp.excluderange(anormpath.end() - min(self.size, constrictionlen), anormpath.end())
488 arrow.clear = attr.clearclass(arrow)
490 # arrows at begin of path
491 barrow = arrow(pos=0, reversed=1)
492 barrow.SMALL = barrow(size=_base/math.sqrt(64))
493 barrow.SMALl = barrow(size=_base/math.sqrt(32))
494 barrow.SMAll = barrow(size=_base/math.sqrt(16))
495 barrow.SMall = barrow(size=_base/math.sqrt(8))
496 barrow.Small = barrow(size=_base/math.sqrt(4))
497 barrow.small = barrow(size=_base/math.sqrt(2))
498 barrow.normal = barrow(size=_base)
499 barrow.large = barrow(size=_base*math.sqrt(2))
500 barrow.Large = barrow(size=_base*math.sqrt(4))
501 barrow.LArge = barrow(size=_base*math.sqrt(8))
502 barrow.LARge = barrow(size=_base*math.sqrt(16))
503 barrow.LARGe = barrow(size=_base*math.sqrt(32))
504 barrow.LARGE = barrow(size=_base*math.sqrt(64))
506 # arrows at end of path
507 earrow = arrow()
508 earrow.SMALL = earrow(size=_base/math.sqrt(64))
509 earrow.SMALl = earrow(size=_base/math.sqrt(32))
510 earrow.SMAll = earrow(size=_base/math.sqrt(16))
511 earrow.SMall = earrow(size=_base/math.sqrt(8))
512 earrow.Small = earrow(size=_base/math.sqrt(4))
513 earrow.small = earrow(size=_base/math.sqrt(2))
514 earrow.normal = earrow(size=_base)
515 earrow.large = earrow(size=_base*math.sqrt(2))
516 earrow.Large = earrow(size=_base*math.sqrt(4))
517 earrow.LArge = earrow(size=_base*math.sqrt(8))
518 earrow.LARge = earrow(size=_base*math.sqrt(16))
519 earrow.LARGe = earrow(size=_base*math.sqrt(32))
520 earrow.LARGE = earrow(size=_base*math.sqrt(64))
523 class text(deco, attr.attr):
524 """a simple text decorator"""
526 def __init__(self, text, textattrs=[], angle=0, relangle=None, textdist=0.2,
527 relarclenpos=0.5, arclenfrombegin=None, arclenfromend=None,
528 texrunner=None):
529 if arclenfrombegin is not None and arclenfromend is not None:
530 raise ValueError("either set arclenfrombegin or arclenfromend")
531 self.text = text
532 self.textattrs = textattrs
533 self.angle = angle
534 self.relangle = relangle
535 self.textdist = textdist
536 self.relarclenpos = relarclenpos
537 self.arclenfrombegin = arclenfrombegin
538 self.arclenfromend = arclenfromend
539 self.texrunner = texrunner
541 def decorate(self, dp, texrunner):
542 if self.texrunner:
543 texrunner = self.texrunner
544 import text as textmodule
545 textattrs = attr.mergeattrs([textmodule.halign.center, textmodule.vshift.mathaxis] + self.textattrs)
547 dp.ensurenormpath()
548 if self.arclenfrombegin is not None:
549 param = dp.path.begin() + self.arclenfrombegin
550 elif self.arclenfromend is not None:
551 param = dp.path.end() - self.arclenfromend
552 else:
553 # relarcpos is used, when neither arcfrombegin nor arcfromend is given
554 param = self.relarclenpos * dp.path.arclen()
555 x, y = dp.path.at(param)
557 if self.relangle is not None:
558 a = dp.path.trafo(param).apply_pt(math.cos(self.relangle*math.pi/180), math.sin(self.relangle*math.pi/180))
559 b = dp.path.trafo(param).apply_pt(0, 0)
560 angle = math.atan2(a[1] - b[1], a[0] - b[0])
561 else:
562 angle = self.angle*math.pi/180
563 t = texrunner.text(x, y, self.text, textattrs)
564 t.linealign(self.textdist, math.cos(angle), math.sin(angle))
565 dp.ornaments.insert(t)
567 class curvedtext(deco, attr.attr):
568 """a text decorator for curved text
570 - text: is typeset along the path to which this decorator is applied
571 - relarclenpos: position for the base point of the text (default: 0)
572 - arlenfrombegin, arclenfromend: alternative ways of specifying the position of the base point;
573 use of relarclenpos, arclenfrombegin and arclenfromend is mutually exclusive
574 - textattrs, texrunner: standard text arguments (defaults: [] resp None)
578 # defaulttextattrs = [textmodule.halign.center] # TODO: not possible due to cyclic import issue
580 def __init__(self, text, textattrs=[],
581 relarclenpos=0.5, arclenfrombegin=None, arclenfromend=None,
582 texrunner=None, exclude=None):
583 if arclenfrombegin is not None and arclenfromend is not None:
584 raise ValueError("either set arclenfrombegin or arclenfromend")
585 self.text = text
586 self.textattrs = textattrs
587 self.relarclenpos = relarclenpos
588 self.arclenfrombegin = arclenfrombegin
589 self.arclenfromend = arclenfromend
590 self.texrunner = texrunner
591 self.exclude = exclude
593 def decorate(self, dp, texrunner):
594 if self.texrunner:
595 texrunner = self.texrunner
596 import text as textmodule
597 self.defaulttextattrs = [textmodule.halign.center]
599 dp.ensurenormpath()
600 if self.arclenfrombegin is not None:
601 textpos = dp.path.begin() + self.arclenfrombegin
602 elif self.arclenfromend is not None:
603 textpos = dp.path.end() - self.arclenfromend
604 else:
605 # relarcpos is used if neither arcfrombegin nor arcfromend is given
606 textpos = self.relarclenpos * dp.path.arclen()
608 textattrs = self.defaulttextattrs + self.textattrs
609 t = texrunner.text(0, 0, self.text, textattrs, singlecharmode=1)
610 t.ensuredvicanvas()
612 c = canvas.canvas()
613 for item in t.dvicanvas.items:
614 bbox = item.bbox()
615 if bbox:
616 x = item.bbox().center()[0]
617 atrafo = dp.path.trafo(textpos+x)
618 c.insert(item, [trafo.translate(-x, 0), atrafo])
619 if self.exclude is not None:
620 dp.excluderange(textpos+bbox.left()-self.exclude, textpos+bbox.right()+self.exclude)
621 else:
622 c.insert(item)
623 dp.ornaments.insert(c)
627 class shownormpath(deco, attr.attr):
629 def decorate(self, dp, texrunner):
630 r_pt = 2
631 dp.ensurenormpath()
632 for normsubpath in dp.path.normsubpaths:
633 for i, normsubpathitem in enumerate(normsubpath.normsubpathitems):
634 if isinstance(normsubpathitem, normpath.normcurve_pt):
635 dp.ornaments.stroke(normpath.normpath([normpath.normsubpath([normsubpathitem])]), [color.rgb.green])
636 else:
637 dp.ornaments.stroke(normpath.normpath([normpath.normsubpath([normsubpathitem])]), [color.rgb.blue])
638 for normsubpath in dp.path.normsubpaths:
639 for i, normsubpathitem in enumerate(normsubpath.normsubpathitems):
640 if isinstance(normsubpathitem, normpath.normcurve_pt):
641 dp.ornaments.stroke(path.line_pt(normsubpathitem.x0_pt, normsubpathitem.y0_pt, normsubpathitem.x1_pt, normsubpathitem.y1_pt), [style.linestyle.dashed, color.rgb.red])
642 dp.ornaments.stroke(path.line_pt(normsubpathitem.x2_pt, normsubpathitem.y2_pt, normsubpathitem.x3_pt, normsubpathitem.y3_pt), [style.linestyle.dashed, color.rgb.red])
643 dp.ornaments.draw(path.circle_pt(normsubpathitem.x1_pt, normsubpathitem.y1_pt, r_pt), [filled([color.rgb.red])])
644 dp.ornaments.draw(path.circle_pt(normsubpathitem.x2_pt, normsubpathitem.y2_pt, r_pt), [filled([color.rgb.red])])
645 for normsubpath in dp.path.normsubpaths:
646 for i, normsubpathitem in enumerate(normsubpath.normsubpathitems):
647 if not i:
648 x_pt, y_pt = normsubpathitem.atbegin_pt()
649 dp.ornaments.draw(path.circle_pt(x_pt, y_pt, r_pt), [filled])
650 x_pt, y_pt = normsubpathitem.atend_pt()
651 dp.ornaments.draw(path.circle_pt(x_pt, y_pt, r_pt), [filled])
654 class linehatched(deco, attr.clearclass):
655 """draws a pattern with explicit lines
657 This class acts as a drop-in replacement for postscript patterns
658 from the pattern module which are not understood by some printers"""
660 def __init__(self, dist, angle, shift=0, strokestyles=[], center=None):
661 attr.clearclass.__init__(self, _filled)
662 self.dist = dist
663 self.angle = angle
664 self.strokestyles = attr.mergeattrs([style.linewidth.THIN] + strokestyles)
665 attr.checkattrs(self.strokestyles, [style.strokestyle])
666 self.center = center
667 self.shift = shift
669 def __call__(self, dist=None, angle=None, shift=None, strokestyles=None, center=_marker):
670 if dist is None:
671 dist = self.dist
672 if angle is None:
673 angle = self.angle
674 if shift is None:
675 shift = self.shift
676 if strokestyles is None:
677 strokestyles = self.strokestyles
678 if center is _marker:
679 center = self.center
680 return linehatched(dist, angle, shift, strokestyles, center)
682 def _decocanvas(self, angle, dp, texrunner):
683 dp.ensurenormpath()
684 dist_pt = unit.topt(self.dist)
685 shift_pt = unit.topt(self.shift)
687 c = canvas.canvas([canvas.clip(dp.path)])
688 llx_pt, lly_pt, urx_pt, ury_pt = dp.path.bbox().highrestuple_pt()
689 if self.center is None:
690 center_pt = 0.5*(llx_pt+urx_pt), 0.5*(lly_pt+ury_pt)
691 radius_pt = 0.5*math.hypot(urx_pt-llx_pt, ury_pt-lly_pt) + dist_pt
692 else:
693 center_pt = (unit.topt(self.center[0]), unit.topt(self.center[1]))
694 radius_pt = dist_pt + max([math.hypot(urx_pt-center_pt[0], ury_pt-center_pt[1]),
695 math.hypot(llx_pt-center_pt[0], lly_pt-center_pt[1]),
696 math.hypot(urx_pt-center_pt[0], lly_pt-center_pt[1]),
697 math.hypot(llx_pt-center_pt[0], ury_pt-center_pt[1])])
698 n = int(radius_pt / dist_pt)
699 for i in range(-n-1, n+2):
700 x_pt = center_pt[0] + i*dist_pt
701 c.stroke(path.line_pt(x_pt+shift_pt, center_pt[1]-radius_pt, x_pt+shift_pt, center_pt[1]+radius_pt),
702 [trafo.rotate_pt(angle, center_pt[0], center_pt[1])] + self.strokestyles)
703 return c
705 def decorate(self, dp, texrunner):
706 dp.ornaments.insert(self._decocanvas(self.angle, dp, texrunner))
708 def merge(self, attrs):
709 newattrs = attr.clearclass.merge(self, attrs)
710 newattrs.append(self)
711 return newattrs
713 linehatched.clear = attr.clearclass(linehatched)
715 _hatch_base = 0.1 * unit.v_cm
717 linehatched0 = linehatched(_hatch_base, 0)
718 linehatched0.SMALL = linehatched0(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(64))
719 linehatched0.SMALL = linehatched0(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(64))
720 linehatched0.SMALl = linehatched0(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(32))
721 linehatched0.SMAll = linehatched0(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(16))
722 linehatched0.SMall = linehatched0(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(8))
723 linehatched0.Small = linehatched0(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(4))
724 linehatched0.small = linehatched0(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(2))
725 linehatched0.normal = linehatched0(_hatch_base)
726 linehatched0.large = linehatched0(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(2))
727 linehatched0.Large = linehatched0(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(4))
728 linehatched0.LArge = linehatched0(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(8))
729 linehatched0.LARge = linehatched0(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(16))
730 linehatched0.LARGe = linehatched0(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(32))
731 linehatched0.LARGE = linehatched0(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(64))
733 linehatched45 = linehatched(_hatch_base, 45)
734 linehatched45.SMALL = linehatched45(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(64))
735 linehatched45.SMALl = linehatched45(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(32))
736 linehatched45.SMAll = linehatched45(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(16))
737 linehatched45.SMall = linehatched45(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(8))
738 linehatched45.Small = linehatched45(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(4))
739 linehatched45.small = linehatched45(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(2))
740 linehatched45.normal = linehatched45(_hatch_base)
741 linehatched45.large = linehatched45(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(2))
742 linehatched45.Large = linehatched45(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(4))
743 linehatched45.LArge = linehatched45(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(8))
744 linehatched45.LARge = linehatched45(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(16))
745 linehatched45.LARGe = linehatched45(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(32))
746 linehatched45.LARGE = linehatched45(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(64))
748 linehatched90 = linehatched(_hatch_base, 90)
749 linehatched90.SMALL = linehatched90(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(64))
750 linehatched90.SMALl = linehatched90(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(32))
751 linehatched90.SMAll = linehatched90(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(16))
752 linehatched90.SMall = linehatched90(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(8))
753 linehatched90.Small = linehatched90(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(4))
754 linehatched90.small = linehatched90(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(2))
755 linehatched90.normal = linehatched90(_hatch_base)
756 linehatched90.large = linehatched90(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(2))
757 linehatched90.Large = linehatched90(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(4))
758 linehatched90.LArge = linehatched90(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(8))
759 linehatched90.LARge = linehatched90(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(16))
760 linehatched90.LARGe = linehatched90(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(32))
761 linehatched90.LARGE = linehatched90(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(64))
763 linehatched135 = linehatched(_hatch_base, 135)
764 linehatched135.SMALL = linehatched135(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(64))
765 linehatched135.SMALl = linehatched135(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(32))
766 linehatched135.SMAll = linehatched135(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(16))
767 linehatched135.SMall = linehatched135(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(8))
768 linehatched135.Small = linehatched135(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(4))
769 linehatched135.small = linehatched135(_hatch_base/math.sqrt(2))
770 linehatched135.normal = linehatched135(_hatch_base)
771 linehatched135.large = linehatched135(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(2))
772 linehatched135.Large = linehatched135(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(4))
773 linehatched135.LArge = linehatched135(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(8))
774 linehatched135.LARge = linehatched135(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(16))
775 linehatched135.LARGe = linehatched135(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(32))
776 linehatched135.LARGE = linehatched135(_hatch_base*math.sqrt(64))
779 class colorgradient(deco, attr.attr):
780 """inserts pieces of the path in different colors"""
782 def __init__(self, grad, attrs=[], steps=20):
783 self.attrs = attrs
784 self.grad = grad
785 self.steps = steps
787 def decorate(self, dp, texrunner):
788 dp.ensurenormpath()
789 l = dp.path.arclen()
791 colors = [self.grad.select(n, self.steps) for n in range(self.steps)]
792 colors.reverse()
793 params = dp.path.arclentoparam([l*i/float(self.steps) for i in range(self.steps)])
794 params.reverse()
796 c = canvas.canvas()
797 # treat the end pieces separately
798 c.stroke(dp.path.split(params[1])[1], attr.mergeattrs([colors[0]] + self.attrs))
799 for n in range(1,self.steps-1):
800 c.stroke(dp.path.split([params[n-1],params[n+1]])[1], attr.mergeattrs([colors[n]] + self.attrs))
801 c.stroke(dp.path.split(params[-2])[0], attr.mergeattrs([colors[-1]] + self.attrs))
802 dp.ornaments.insert(c)
805 class brace(deco, attr.attr):
806 r"""draws a nicely curled brace
808 In most cases, the original line is not wanted use canvas.canvas.draw(..) for it
810 Geometrical parameters:
812 inner /\ strokes
813 ____________/ \__________
814 / bar bar \ outer
815 / \ strokes
817 totalheight distance from the jaws to the middle cap
818 barthickness thickness of the main bars
819 innerstrokesthickness thickness of the two ending strokes
820 outerstrokesthickness thickness of the inner strokes at the middle cap
821 innerstrokesrelheight height of the inner/outer strokes, relative to the total height
822 outerstrokesrelheight this determines the angle of the main bars!
823 should be around 0.5
824 Note: if innerstrokesrelheight + outerstrokesrelheight == 1 then the main bars
825 will be aligned parallel to the connecting line between the endpoints
826 outerstrokesangle angle of the two ending strokes
827 innerstrokesangle angle between the inner strokes at the middle cap
828 slantstrokesangle extra slanting of the inner/outer strokes
829 innerstrokessmoothness smoothing parameter for the inner + outer strokes
830 outerstrokessmoothness should be around 1 (allowed: [0,infty))
831 middlerelpos position of the middle cap (0 == left, 1 == right)
833 # This code is experimental because it is unclear
834 # how the brace fits into the concepts of PyX
836 # Some thoughts:
837 # - a brace needs to be decoratable with text
838 # it needs stroking and filling attributes
839 # - the brace is not really a box:
840 # it has two "anchor" points that are important for aligning it to other things
841 # and one "anchor" point (plus direction) for aligning other things
842 # - a brace is not a deformer:
843 # it does not look at anything else than begin/endpoint of a path
844 # - a brace might be a connector (which is to be dissolved into the box concept later?)
846 def __init__(self, reverse=1, stretch=None, dist=None, fillattrs=[],
847 totalheight=12*unit.x_pt,
848 barthickness=0.5*unit.x_pt, innerstrokesthickness=0.25*unit.x_pt, outerstrokesthickness=0.25*unit.x_pt,
849 innerstrokesrelheight=0.6, outerstrokesrelheight=0.7,
850 innerstrokesangle=30, outerstrokesangle=25, slantstrokesangle=5,
851 innerstrokessmoothness=2.0, outerstrokessmoothness=2.5,
852 middlerelpos=0.5):
853 self.fillattrs = fillattrs
854 self.reverse = reverse
855 self.stretch = stretch
856 self.dist = dist
857 self.totalheight = totalheight
858 self.barthickness = barthickness
859 self.innerstrokesthickness = innerstrokesthickness
860 self.outerstrokesthickness = outerstrokesthickness
861 self.innerstrokesrelheight = innerstrokesrelheight
862 self.outerstrokesrelheight = outerstrokesrelheight
863 self.innerstrokesangle = innerstrokesangle
864 self.outerstrokesangle = outerstrokesangle
865 self.slantstrokesangle = slantstrokesangle
866 self.innerstrokessmoothness = innerstrokessmoothness
867 self.outerstrokessmoothness = outerstrokessmoothness
868 self.middlerelpos = middlerelpos
870 def __call__(self, **kwargs):
871 for name in ["reverse", "stretch", "dist", "fillattrs",
872 "totalheight", "barthickness", "innerstrokesthickness", "outerstrokesthickness",
873 "innerstrokesrelheight", "outerstrokesrelheight", "innerstrokesangle", "outerstrokesangle", "slantstrokesangle",
874 "innerstrokessmoothness", "outerstrokessmoothness", "middlerelpos"]:
875 if not kwargs.has_key(name):
876 kwargs[name] = self.__dict__[name]
877 return brace(**kwargs)
879 def _halfbracepath_pt(self, length_pt, height_pt, ilength_pt, olength_pt, # <<<
880 ithick_pt, othick_pt, bthick_pt, cos_iangle, sin_iangle, cos_oangle,
881 sin_oangle, cos_slangle, sin_slangle):
883 ismooth = self.innerstrokessmoothness
884 osmooth = self.outerstrokessmoothness
886 # these two parameters are not important enough to be seen outside
887 inner_cap_param = 1.5
888 outer_cap_param = 2.5
889 outerextracurved = 0.6 # in (0, 1]
890 # 1.0 will lead to F=G, the outer strokes will not be curved at their ends.
891 # The smaller, the more curvature
893 # build an orientation path (three straight lines)
895 # \q1
896 # / \
897 # / \
898 # _/ \______________________________________q5
899 # q2 q3 q4 \
902 # \q6
904 # get the points for that:
905 q1 = (0, height_pt - inner_cap_param * ithick_pt + 0.5*ithick_pt/sin_iangle)
906 q2 = (q1[0] + ilength_pt * sin_iangle,
907 q1[1] - ilength_pt * cos_iangle)
908 q6 = (length_pt, 0)
909 q5 = (q6[0] - olength_pt * sin_oangle,
910 q6[1] + olength_pt * cos_oangle)
911 bardir = (q5[0] - q2[0], q5[1] - q2[1])
912 bardirnorm = math.hypot(*bardir)
913 bardir = (bardir[0]/bardirnorm, bardir[1]/bardirnorm)
914 ismoothlength_pt = ilength_pt * ismooth
915 osmoothlength_pt = olength_pt * osmooth
916 if bardirnorm < ismoothlength_pt + osmoothlength_pt:
917 ismoothlength_pt = bardirnorm * ismoothlength_pt / (ismoothlength_pt + osmoothlength_pt)
918 osmoothlength_pt = bardirnorm * osmoothlength_pt / (ismoothlength_pt + osmoothlength_pt)
919 q3 = (q2[0] + ismoothlength_pt * bardir[0],
920 q2[1] + ismoothlength_pt * bardir[1])
921 q4 = (q5[0] - osmoothlength_pt * bardir[0],
922 q5[1] - osmoothlength_pt * bardir[1])
925 # P _O
926 # / | \A2
927 # / A1\ \
928 # / \ B2C2________D2___________E2_______F2___G2
929 # \______________________________________ \
930 # B1,C1 D1 E1 F1 G1 \
931 # \ \
932 # \ \H2
933 # H1\_/I2
934 # I1
936 # the halfbraces meet in P and A1:
937 P = (0, height_pt)
938 A1 = (0, height_pt - inner_cap_param * ithick_pt)
939 # A2 is A1, shifted by the inner thickness
940 A2 = (A1[0] + ithick_pt * cos_iangle,
941 A1[1] + ithick_pt * sin_iangle)
942 s, t = deformer.intersection(P, A2, (cos_slangle, sin_slangle), (sin_iangle, -cos_iangle))
943 O = (P[0] + s * cos_slangle,
944 P[1] + s * sin_slangle)
946 # from D1 to E1 is the straight part of the brace
947 # also back from E2 to D1
948 D1 = (q3[0] + bthick_pt * bardir[1],
949 q3[1] - bthick_pt * bardir[0])
950 D2 = (q3[0] - bthick_pt * bardir[1],
951 q3[1] + bthick_pt * bardir[0])
952 E1 = (q4[0] + bthick_pt * bardir[1],
953 q4[1] - bthick_pt * bardir[0])
954 E2 = (q4[0] - bthick_pt * bardir[1],
955 q4[1] + bthick_pt * bardir[0])
956 # I1, I2 are the control points at the outer stroke
957 I1 = (q6[0] - 0.5 * othick_pt * cos_oangle,
958 q6[1] - 0.5 * othick_pt * sin_oangle)
959 I2 = (q6[0] + 0.5 * othick_pt * cos_oangle,
960 q6[1] + 0.5 * othick_pt * sin_oangle)
961 # get the control points for the curved parts of the brace
962 s, t = deformer.intersection(A1, D1, (sin_iangle, -cos_iangle), bardir)
963 B1 = (D1[0] + t * bardir[0],
964 D1[1] + t * bardir[1])
965 s, t = deformer.intersection(A2, D2, (sin_iangle, -cos_iangle), bardir)
966 B2 = (D2[0] + t * bardir[0],
967 D2[1] + t * bardir[1])
968 s, t = deformer.intersection(E1, I1, bardir, (-sin_oangle, cos_oangle))
969 G1 = (E1[0] + s * bardir[0],
970 E1[1] + s * bardir[1])
971 s, t = deformer.intersection(E2, I2, bardir, (-sin_oangle, cos_oangle))
972 G2 = (E2[0] + s * bardir[0],
973 E2[1] + s * bardir[1])
974 # at the inner strokes: use curvature zero at both ends
975 C1 = B1
976 C2 = B2
977 # at the outer strokes: use curvature zero only at the connection to
978 # the straight part
979 F1 = (outerextracurved * G1[0] + (1 - outerextracurved) * E1[0],
980 outerextracurved * G1[1] + (1 - outerextracurved) * E1[1])
981 F2 = (outerextracurved * G2[0] + (1 - outerextracurved) * E2[0],
982 outerextracurved * G2[1] + (1 - outerextracurved) * E2[1])
983 # the tip of the outer stroke, endpoints of the bezier curve
984 H1 = (I1[0] - outer_cap_param * othick_pt * sin_oangle,
985 I1[1] + outer_cap_param * othick_pt * cos_oangle)
986 H2 = (I2[0] - outer_cap_param * othick_pt * sin_oangle,
987 I2[1] + outer_cap_param * othick_pt * cos_oangle)
989 #for qq in [A1,B1,C1,D1,E1,F1,G1,H1,I1,
990 # A2,B2,C2,D2,E2,F2,G2,H2,I2,
991 # O,P
992 # ]:
993 # cc.fill(path.circle(qq[0], qq[1], 0.5), [color.rgb.green])
995 # now build the right halfbrace
996 bracepath = path.path(path.moveto_pt(*A1))
997 bracepath.append(path.curveto_pt(B1[0], B1[1], C1[0], C1[1], D1[0], D1[1]))
998 bracepath.append(path.lineto_pt(E1[0], E1[1]))
999 bracepath.append(path.curveto_pt(F1[0], F1[1], G1[0], G1[1], H1[0], H1[1]))
1000 # the tip of the right halfbrace
1001 bracepath.append(path.curveto_pt(I1[0], I1[1], I2[0], I2[1], H2[0], H2[1]))
1002 # the rest of the right halfbrace
1003 bracepath.append(path.curveto_pt(G2[0], G2[1], F2[0], F2[1], E2[0], E2[1]))
1004 bracepath.append(path.lineto_pt(D2[0], D2[1]))
1005 bracepath.append(path.curveto_pt(C2[0], C2[1], B2[0], B2[1], A2[0], A2[1]))
1006 # the tip in the middle of the brace
1007 bracepath.append(path.curveto_pt(O[0], O[1], O[0], O[1], P[0], P[1]))
1009 return bracepath
1010 # >>>
1012 def _bracepath(self, x0_pt, y0_pt, x1_pt, y1_pt): # <<<
1013 height_pt = unit.topt(self.totalheight)
1014 totallength_pt = math.hypot(x1_pt - x0_pt, y1_pt - y0_pt)
1015 leftlength_pt = self.middlerelpos * totallength_pt
1016 rightlength_pt = totallength_pt - leftlength_pt
1017 ithick_pt = unit.topt(self.innerstrokesthickness)
1018 othick_pt = unit.topt(self.outerstrokesthickness)
1019 bthick_pt = unit.topt(self.barthickness)
1021 # create the left halfbrace with positive slanting
1022 # because we will mirror this part
1023 cos_iangle = math.cos(math.radians(0.5*self.innerstrokesangle - self.slantstrokesangle))
1024 sin_iangle = math.sin(math.radians(0.5*self.innerstrokesangle - self.slantstrokesangle))
1025 cos_oangle = math.cos(math.radians(self.outerstrokesangle - self.slantstrokesangle))
1026 sin_oangle = math.sin(math.radians(self.outerstrokesangle - self.slantstrokesangle))
1027 cos_slangle = math.cos(math.radians(-self.slantstrokesangle))
1028 sin_slangle = math.sin(math.radians(-self.slantstrokesangle))
1029 ilength_pt = self.innerstrokesrelheight * height_pt / cos_iangle
1030 olength_pt = self.outerstrokesrelheight * height_pt / cos_oangle
1032 bracepath = self._halfbracepath_pt(leftlength_pt, height_pt,
1033 ilength_pt, olength_pt, ithick_pt, othick_pt, bthick_pt, cos_iangle,
1034 sin_iangle, cos_oangle, sin_oangle, cos_slangle,
1035 sin_slangle).reversed().transformed(trafo.mirror(90))
1037 # create the right halfbrace with negative slanting
1038 cos_iangle = math.cos(math.radians(0.5*self.innerstrokesangle + self.slantstrokesangle))
1039 sin_iangle = math.sin(math.radians(0.5*self.innerstrokesangle + self.slantstrokesangle))
1040 cos_oangle = math.cos(math.radians(self.outerstrokesangle + self.slantstrokesangle))
1041 sin_oangle = math.sin(math.radians(self.outerstrokesangle + self.slantstrokesangle))
1042 cos_slangle = math.cos(math.radians(-self.slantstrokesangle))
1043 sin_slangle = math.sin(math.radians(-self.slantstrokesangle))
1044 ilength_pt = self.innerstrokesrelheight * height_pt / cos_iangle
1045 olength_pt = self.outerstrokesrelheight * height_pt / cos_oangle
1047 bracepath = bracepath << self._halfbracepath_pt(rightlength_pt, height_pt,
1048 ilength_pt, olength_pt, ithick_pt, othick_pt, bthick_pt, cos_iangle,
1049 sin_iangle, cos_oangle, sin_oangle, cos_slangle,
1050 sin_slangle)
1052 return bracepath.transformed(
1053 # two trafos for matching the given endpoints
1054 trafo.translate_pt(x0_pt, y0_pt) *
1055 trafo.rotate_pt(math.degrees(math.atan2(y1_pt-y0_pt, x1_pt-x0_pt))) *
1056 # one trafo to move the brace's left outer stroke to zero
1057 trafo.translate_pt(leftlength_pt, 0))
1058 # >>>
1060 def decorate(self, dp, texrunner):
1061 dp.ensurenormpath()
1062 x0_pt, y0_pt = dp.path.atbegin_pt()
1063 x1_pt, y1_pt = dp.path.atend_pt()
1064 if self.reverse:
1065 x0_pt, y0_pt, x1_pt, y1_pt = x1_pt, y1_pt, x0_pt, y0_pt
1066 if self.stretch is not None:
1067 xm, ym = 0.5*(x0_pt+x1_pt), 0.5*(y0_pt+y1_pt)
1068 x0_pt, y0_pt = xm + self.stretch*(x0_pt-xm), ym + self.stretch*(y0_pt-ym)
1069 x1_pt, y1_pt = xm + self.stretch*(x1_pt-xm), ym + self.stretch*(y1_pt-ym)
1070 if self.dist is not None:
1071 d = unit.topt(self.dist)
1072 dx, dy = dp.path.rotation_pt(dp.path.begin()).apply_pt(0, 1)
1073 x0_pt += d*dx; y0_pt += d*dy
1074 dx, dy = dp.path.rotation_pt(dp.path.end()).apply_pt(0, 1)
1075 x1_pt += d*dx; y1_pt += d*dy
1076 dp.ornaments.fill(self._bracepath(x0_pt, y0_pt, x1_pt, y1_pt), self.fillattrs)
1078 brace.clear = attr.clearclass(brace)
1080 leftbrace = brace(reverse=0, middlerelpos=0.55, innerstrokesrelheight=0.6, outerstrokesrelheight=0.7, slantstrokesangle=-10)
1081 rightbrace = brace(reverse=1, middlerelpos=0.45, innerstrokesrelheight=0.6, outerstrokesrelheight=0.7, slantstrokesangle=10)
1082 belowbrace = brace(reverse=1, middlerelpos=0.55, innerstrokesrelheight=0.7, outerstrokesrelheight=0.9, slantstrokesangle=-10)
1083 abovebrace = brace(reverse=0, middlerelpos=0.45, innerstrokesrelheight=0.7, outerstrokesrelheight=0.9, slantstrokesangle=-10)
1084 straightbrace = brace(innerstrokesrelheight=0.5, outerstrokesrelheight=0.5,
1085 innerstrokesangle=30, outerstrokesangle=30, slantstrokesangle=0,
1086 innerstrokessmoothness=1.0, outerstrokessmoothness=1.0)