| blob | 1241a2ace63a04ecfbb8408e9b4175f183b6cad1 |
1 --
2 -- STRINGS
3 -- Test various data entry syntaxes.
4 --
5 -- SQL92 string continuation syntax
6 -- E021-03 character string literals
7 SELECT 'first line'
8 ' - next line'
9 ' - third line'
10 AS "Three lines to one";
11 Three lines to one
12 -------------------------------------
13 first line - next line - third line
14 (1 row)
16 -- illegal string continuation syntax
17 SELECT 'first line'
18 ' - next line' /* this comment is not allowed here */
19 ' - third line'
20 AS "Illegal comment within continuation";
21 ERROR: syntax error at or near "' - third line'"
22 LINE 3: ' - third line'
23 ^
24 -- Unicode escapes
25 SET standard_conforming_strings TO on;
26 SELECT U&'d\0061t\+000061' AS U&"d\0061t\+000061";
27 data
28 ------
29 data
30 (1 row)
32 SELECT U&'d!0061t\+000061' UESCAPE '!' AS U&"d*0061t\+000061" UESCAPE '*';
33 dat\+000061
34 -------------
35 dat\+000061
36 (1 row)
38 SELECT U&' \' UESCAPE '!' AS "tricky";
39 tricky
40 --------
41 \
42 (1 row)
44 SELECT 'tricky' AS U&"\" UESCAPE '!';
45 \
46 --------
47 tricky
48 (1 row)
50 SELECT U&'wrong: \061';
51 ERROR: invalid Unicode escape value at or near "\061'"
52 LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \061';
53 ^
54 SELECT U&'wrong: \+0061';
55 ERROR: invalid Unicode escape value at or near "\+0061'"
56 LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \+0061';
57 ^
58 SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE '+';
59 ERROR: invalid Unicode escape character at or near "+'"
60 LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE '+';
61 ^
62 SET standard_conforming_strings TO off;
63 SELECT U&'d\0061t\+000061' AS U&"d\0061t\+000061";
64 ERROR: unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
65 LINE 1: SELECT U&'d\0061t\+000061' AS U&"d\0061t\+000061";
66 ^
67 DETAIL: String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when standard_conforming_strings is off.
68 SELECT U&'d!0061t\+000061' UESCAPE '!' AS U&"d*0061t\+000061" UESCAPE '*';
69 ERROR: unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
70 LINE 1: SELECT U&'d!0061t\+000061' UESCAPE '!' AS U&"d*0061t\+000061...
71 ^
72 DETAIL: String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when standard_conforming_strings is off.
73 SELECT U&' \' UESCAPE '!' AS "tricky";
74 ERROR: unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
75 LINE 1: SELECT U&' \' UESCAPE '!' AS "tricky";
76 ^
77 DETAIL: String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when standard_conforming_strings is off.
78 SELECT 'tricky' AS U&"\" UESCAPE '!';
79 \
80 --------
81 tricky
82 (1 row)
84 SELECT U&'wrong: \061';
85 ERROR: unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
86 LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \061';
87 ^
88 DETAIL: String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when standard_conforming_strings is off.
89 SELECT U&'wrong: \+0061';
90 ERROR: unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
91 LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \+0061';
92 ^
93 DETAIL: String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when standard_conforming_strings is off.
94 SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE '+';
95 ERROR: unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
96 LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE '+';
97 ^
98 DETAIL: String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when standard_conforming_strings is off.
99 RESET standard_conforming_strings;
100 --
101 -- test conversions between various string types
102 -- E021-10 implicit casting among the character data types
103 --
104 SELECT CAST(f1 AS text) AS "text(char)" FROM CHAR_TBL;
105 text(char)
106 ------------
107 a
108 ab
109 abcd
110 abcd
111 (4 rows)
113 SELECT CAST(f1 AS text) AS "text(varchar)" FROM VARCHAR_TBL;
114 text(varchar)
115 ---------------
116 a
117 ab
118 abcd
119 abcd
120 (4 rows)
122 SELECT CAST(name 'namefield' AS text) AS "text(name)";
123 text(name)
124 ------------
125 namefield
126 (1 row)
128 -- since this is an explicit cast, it should truncate w/o error:
129 SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(10)) AS "char(text)" FROM TEXT_TBL;
130 char(text)
131 ------------
132 doh!
133 hi de ho n
134 (2 rows)
136 -- note: implicit-cast case is tested in char.sql
137 SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(20)) AS "char(text)" FROM TEXT_TBL;
138 char(text)
139 ----------------------
140 doh!
141 hi de ho neighbor
142 (2 rows)
144 SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(10)) AS "char(varchar)" FROM VARCHAR_TBL;
145 char(varchar)
146 ---------------
147 a
148 ab
149 abcd
150 abcd
151 (4 rows)
153 SELECT CAST(name 'namefield' AS char(10)) AS "char(name)";
154 char(name)
155 ------------
156 namefield
157 (1 row)
159 SELECT CAST(f1 AS varchar) AS "varchar(text)" FROM TEXT_TBL;
160 varchar(text)
161 -------------------
162 doh!
163 hi de ho neighbor
164 (2 rows)
166 SELECT CAST(f1 AS varchar) AS "varchar(char)" FROM CHAR_TBL;
167 varchar(char)
168 ---------------
169 a
170 ab
171 abcd
172 abcd
173 (4 rows)
175 SELECT CAST(name 'namefield' AS varchar) AS "varchar(name)";
176 varchar(name)
177 ---------------
178 namefield
179 (1 row)
181 --
182 -- test SQL92 string functions
183 -- E### and T### are feature reference numbers from SQL99
184 --
185 -- E021-09 trim function
186 SELECT TRIM(BOTH FROM ' bunch o blanks ') = 'bunch o blanks' AS "bunch o blanks";
187 bunch o blanks
188 ----------------
189 t
190 (1 row)
192 SELECT TRIM(LEADING FROM ' bunch o blanks ') = 'bunch o blanks ' AS "bunch o blanks ";
193 bunch o blanks
194 ------------------
195 t
196 (1 row)
198 SELECT TRIM(TRAILING FROM ' bunch o blanks ') = ' bunch o blanks' AS " bunch o blanks";
199 bunch o blanks
200 ------------------
201 t
202 (1 row)
204 SELECT TRIM(BOTH 'x' FROM 'xxxxxsome Xsxxxxx') = 'some Xs' AS "some Xs";
205 some Xs
206 ---------
207 t
208 (1 row)
210 -- E021-06 substring expression
211 SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890' FROM 3) = '34567890' AS "34567890";
212 34567890
213 ----------
214 t
215 (1 row)
217 SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890' FROM 4 FOR 3) = '456' AS "456";
218 456
219 -----
220 t
221 (1 row)
223 -- T581 regular expression substring (with SQL99's bizarre regexp syntax)
224 SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM 'a#"(b_d)#"%' FOR '#') AS "bcd";
225 bcd
226 -----
227 bcd
228 (1 row)
230 -- No match should return NULL
231 SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM '#"(b_d)#"%' FOR '#') IS NULL AS "True";
232 True
233 ------
234 t
235 (1 row)
237 -- Null inputs should return NULL
238 SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM '(b|c)' FOR NULL) IS NULL AS "True";
239 True
240 ------
241 t
242 (1 row)
244 SELECT SUBSTRING(NULL FROM '(b|c)' FOR '#') IS NULL AS "True";
245 True
246 ------
247 t
248 (1 row)
250 SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM NULL FOR '#') IS NULL AS "True";
251 True
252 ------
253 t
254 (1 row)
256 -- PostgreSQL extension to allow omitting the escape character;
257 -- here the regexp is taken as Posix syntax
258 SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM 'c.e') AS "cde";
259 cde
260 -----
261 cde
262 (1 row)
264 -- With a parenthesized subexpression, return only what matches the subexpr
265 SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM 'b(.*)f') AS "cde";
266 cde
267 -----
268 cde
269 (1 row)
271 -- PostgreSQL extension to allow using back reference in replace string;
272 SELECT regexp_replace('1112223333', E'(\\d{3})(\\d{3})(\\d{4})', E'(\\1) \\2-\\3');
273 regexp_replace
274 ----------------
275 (111) 222-3333
276 (1 row)
278 SELECT regexp_replace('AAA BBB CCC ', E'\\s+', ' ', 'g');
279 regexp_replace
280 ----------------
281 AAA BBB CCC
282 (1 row)
284 SELECT regexp_replace('AAA', '^|$', 'Z', 'g');
285 regexp_replace
286 ----------------
287 ZAAAZ
288 (1 row)
290 SELECT regexp_replace('AAA aaa', 'A+', 'Z', 'gi');
291 regexp_replace
292 ----------------
293 Z Z
294 (1 row)
296 -- invalid regexp option
297 SELECT regexp_replace('AAA aaa', 'A+', 'Z', 'z');
298 ERROR: invalid regexp option: "z"
299 -- set so we can tell NULL from empty string
300 \pset null '\\N'
301 -- return all matches from regexp
302 SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(beque)$re$);
303 regexp_matches
304 ----------------
305 {bar,beque}
306 (1 row)
308 -- test case insensitive
309 SELECT regexp_matches('foObARbEqUEbAz', $re$(bar)(beque)$re$, 'i');
310 regexp_matches
311 ----------------
312 {bAR,bEqUE}
313 (1 row)
315 -- global option - more than one match
316 SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebazilbarfbonk', $re$(b[^b]+)(b[^b]+)$re$, 'g');
317 regexp_matches
318 ----------------
319 {bar,beque}
320 {bazil,barf}
321 (2 rows)
323 -- empty capture group (matched empty string)
324 SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(.*)(beque)$re$);
325 regexp_matches
326 ----------------
327 {bar,"",beque}
328 (1 row)
330 -- no match
331 SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(.+)(beque)$re$);
332 regexp_matches
333 ----------------
334 (0 rows)
336 -- optional capture group did not match, null entry in array
337 SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(.+)?(beque)$re$);
338 regexp_matches
339 ------------------
340 {bar,NULL,beque}
341 (1 row)
343 -- no capture groups
344 SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$barbeque$re$);
345 regexp_matches
346 ----------------
347 {barbeque}
348 (1 row)
350 -- give me errors
351 SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(beque)$re$, 'gz');
352 ERROR: invalid regexp option: "z"
353 SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(barbeque$re$);
354 ERROR: invalid regular expression: parentheses () not balanced
355 SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(beque){2,1}$re$);
356 ERROR: invalid regular expression: invalid repetition count(s)
357 -- split string on regexp
358 SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog', $re$\s+$re$) AS foo;
359 foo | length
360 --------+--------
361 the | 3
362 quick | 5
363 brown | 5
364 fox | 3
365 jumped | 6
366 over | 4
367 the | 3
368 lazy | 4
369 dog | 3
370 (9 rows)
372 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog', $re$\s+$re$);
373 regexp_split_to_array
374 ------------------------------------------------
375 {the,quick,brown,fox,jumped,over,the,lazy,dog}
376 (1 row)
378 SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog', $re$\s*$re$) AS foo;
379 foo | length
380 -----+--------
381 t | 1
382 h | 1
383 e | 1
384 q | 1
385 u | 1
386 i | 1
387 c | 1
388 k | 1
389 b | 1
390 r | 1
391 o | 1
392 w | 1
393 n | 1
394 f | 1
395 o | 1
396 x | 1
397 j | 1
398 u | 1
399 m | 1
400 p | 1
401 e | 1
402 d | 1
403 o | 1
404 v | 1
405 e | 1
406 r | 1
407 t | 1
408 h | 1
409 e | 1
410 l | 1
411 a | 1
412 z | 1
413 y | 1
414 d | 1
415 o | 1
416 g | 1
417 (36 rows)
419 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog', $re$\s*$re$);
420 regexp_split_to_array
421 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
422 {t,h,e,q,u,i,c,k,b,r,o,w,n,f,o,x,j,u,m,p,e,d,o,v,e,r,t,h,e,l,a,z,y,d,o,g}
423 (1 row)
425 SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog', '') AS foo;
426 foo | length
427 -----+--------
428 t | 1
429 h | 1
430 e | 1
431 | 1
432 q | 1
433 u | 1
434 i | 1
435 c | 1
436 k | 1
437 | 1
438 b | 1
439 r | 1
440 o | 1
441 w | 1
442 n | 1
443 | 1
444 f | 1
445 o | 1
446 x | 1
447 | 1
448 j | 1
449 u | 1
450 m | 1
451 p | 1
452 e | 1
453 d | 1
454 | 1
455 o | 1
456 v | 1
457 e | 1
458 r | 1
459 | 1
460 t | 1
461 h | 1
462 e | 1
463 | 1
464 l | 1
465 a | 1
466 z | 1
467 y | 1
468 | 1
469 d | 1
470 o | 1
471 g | 1
472 (44 rows)
474 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog', '');
475 regexp_split_to_array
476 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
477 {t,h,e," ",q,u,i,c,k," ",b,r,o,w,n," ",f,o,x," ",j,u,m,p,e,d," ",o,v,e,r," ",t,h,e," ",l,a,z,y," ",d,o,g}
478 (1 row)
480 -- case insensitive
481 SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPed ovEr THE lazy dOG', 'e', 'i') AS foo;
482 foo | length
483 -----------------------+--------
484 th | 2
485 QUick bROWn FOx jUMP | 21
486 d ov | 4
487 r TH | 4
488 lazy dOG | 9
489 (5 rows)
491 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPed ovEr THE lazy dOG', 'e', 'i');
492 regexp_split_to_array
493 --------------------------------------------------------
494 {th," QUick bROWn FOx jUMP","d ov","r TH"," lazy dOG"}
495 (1 row)
497 -- no match of pattern
498 SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog', 'nomatch') AS foo;
499 foo | length
500 ----------------------------------------------+--------
501 the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog | 44
502 (1 row)
504 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog', 'nomatch');
505 regexp_split_to_array
506 --------------------------------------------------
507 {"the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog"}
508 (1 row)
510 -- some corner cases
511 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','1');
512 regexp_split_to_array
513 -----------------------
514 {"",23456}
515 (1 row)
517 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','6');
518 regexp_split_to_array
519 -----------------------
520 {12345,""}
521 (1 row)
523 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','.');
524 regexp_split_to_array
525 ------------------------
526 {"","","","","","",""}
527 (1 row)
529 -- errors
530 SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPed ovEr THE lazy dOG', 'e', 'zippy') AS foo;
531 ERROR: invalid regexp option: "z"
532 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPed ovEr THE lazy dOG', 'e', 'iz');
533 ERROR: invalid regexp option: "z"
534 -- global option meaningless for regexp_split
535 SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPed ovEr THE lazy dOG', 'e', 'g') AS foo;
536 ERROR: regexp_split does not support the global option
537 SELECT regexp_split_to_array('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPed ovEr THE lazy dOG', 'e', 'g');
538 ERROR: regexp_split does not support the global option
539 -- change NULL-display back
540 \pset null ''
541 -- E021-11 position expression
542 SELECT POSITION('4' IN '1234567890') = '4' AS "4";
543 4
544 ---
545 t
546 (1 row)
548 SELECT POSITION('5' IN '1234567890') = '5' AS "5";
549 5
550 ---
551 t
552 (1 row)
554 -- T312 character overlay function
555 SELECT OVERLAY('abcdef' PLACING '45' FROM 4) AS "abc45f";
556 abc45f
557 --------
558 abc45f
559 (1 row)
561 SELECT OVERLAY('yabadoo' PLACING 'daba' FROM 5) AS "yabadaba";
562 yabadaba
563 ----------
564 yabadaba
565 (1 row)
567 SELECT OVERLAY('yabadoo' PLACING 'daba' FROM 5 FOR 0) AS "yabadabadoo";
568 yabadabadoo
569 -------------
570 yabadabadoo
571 (1 row)
573 SELECT OVERLAY('babosa' PLACING 'ubb' FROM 2 FOR 4) AS "bubba";
574 bubba
575 -------
576 bubba
577 (1 row)
579 --
580 -- test LIKE
581 -- Be sure to form every test as a LIKE/NOT LIKE pair.
582 --
583 -- simplest examples
584 -- E061-04 like predicate
585 SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'h%' AS "true";
586 true
587 ------
588 t
589 (1 row)
591 SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'h%' AS "false";
592 false
593 -------
594 f
595 (1 row)
597 SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'H%' AS "false";
598 false
599 -------
600 f
601 (1 row)
603 SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'H%' AS "true";
604 true
605 ------
606 t
607 (1 row)
609 SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'indio%' AS "false";
610 false
611 -------
612 f
613 (1 row)
615 SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'indio%' AS "true";
616 true
617 ------
618 t
619 (1 row)
621 SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'h%eye' AS "true";
622 true
623 ------
624 t
625 (1 row)
627 SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'h%eye' AS "false";
628 false
629 -------
630 f
631 (1 row)
633 SELECT 'indio' LIKE '_ndio' AS "true";
634 true
635 ------
636 t
637 (1 row)
639 SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE '_ndio' AS "false";
640 false
641 -------
642 f
643 (1 row)
645 SELECT 'indio' LIKE 'in__o' AS "true";
646 true
647 ------
648 t
649 (1 row)
651 SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE 'in__o' AS "false";
652 false
653 -------
654 f
655 (1 row)
657 SELECT 'indio' LIKE 'in_o' AS "false";
658 false
659 -------
660 f
661 (1 row)
663 SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE 'in_o' AS "true";
664 true
665 ------
666 t
667 (1 row)
669 -- unused escape character
670 SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'h%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
671 true
672 ------
673 t
674 (1 row)
676 SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'h%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
677 false
678 -------
679 f
680 (1 row)
682 SELECT 'indio' LIKE 'ind_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
683 true
684 ------
685 t
686 (1 row)
688 SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE 'ind_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
689 false
690 -------
691 f
692 (1 row)
694 -- escape character
695 -- E061-05 like predicate with escape clause
696 SELECT 'h%' LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
697 true
698 ------
699 t
700 (1 row)
702 SELECT 'h%' NOT LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
703 false
704 -------
705 f
706 (1 row)
708 SELECT 'h%wkeye' LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
709 false
710 -------
711 f
712 (1 row)
714 SELECT 'h%wkeye' NOT LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
715 true
716 ------
717 t
718 (1 row)
720 SELECT 'h%wkeye' LIKE 'h#%%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
721 true
722 ------
723 t
724 (1 row)
726 SELECT 'h%wkeye' NOT LIKE 'h#%%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
727 false
728 -------
729 f
730 (1 row)
732 SELECT 'h%awkeye' LIKE 'h#%a%k%e' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
733 true
734 ------
735 t
736 (1 row)
738 SELECT 'h%awkeye' NOT LIKE 'h#%a%k%e' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
739 false
740 -------
741 f
742 (1 row)
744 SELECT 'indio' LIKE '_ndio' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
745 true
746 ------
747 t
748 (1 row)
750 SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE '_ndio' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
751 false
752 -------
753 f
754 (1 row)
756 SELECT 'i_dio' LIKE 'i$_d_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
757 true
758 ------
759 t
760 (1 row)
762 SELECT 'i_dio' NOT LIKE 'i$_d_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
763 false
764 -------
765 f
766 (1 row)
768 SELECT 'i_dio' LIKE 'i$_nd_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
769 false
770 -------
771 f
772 (1 row)
774 SELECT 'i_dio' NOT LIKE 'i$_nd_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
775 true
776 ------
777 t
778 (1 row)
780 SELECT 'i_dio' LIKE 'i$_d%o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
781 true
782 ------
783 t
784 (1 row)
786 SELECT 'i_dio' NOT LIKE 'i$_d%o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
787 false
788 -------
789 f
790 (1 row)
792 -- escape character same as pattern character
793 SELECT 'maca' LIKE 'm%aca' ESCAPE '%' AS "true";
794 true
795 ------
796 t
797 (1 row)
799 SELECT 'maca' NOT LIKE 'm%aca' ESCAPE '%' AS "false";
800 false
801 -------
802 f
803 (1 row)
805 SELECT 'ma%a' LIKE 'm%a%%a' ESCAPE '%' AS "true";
806 true
807 ------
808 t
809 (1 row)
811 SELECT 'ma%a' NOT LIKE 'm%a%%a' ESCAPE '%' AS "false";
812 false
813 -------
814 f
815 (1 row)
817 SELECT 'bear' LIKE 'b_ear' ESCAPE '_' AS "true";
818 true
819 ------
820 t
821 (1 row)
823 SELECT 'bear' NOT LIKE 'b_ear' ESCAPE '_' AS "false";
824 false
825 -------
826 f
827 (1 row)
829 SELECT 'be_r' LIKE 'b_e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "true";
830 true
831 ------
832 t
833 (1 row)
835 SELECT 'be_r' NOT LIKE 'b_e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "false";
836 false
837 -------
838 f
839 (1 row)
841 SELECT 'be_r' LIKE '__e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "false";
842 false
843 -------
844 f
845 (1 row)
847 SELECT 'be_r' NOT LIKE '__e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "true";
848 true
849 ------
850 t
851 (1 row)
853 --
854 -- test ILIKE (case-insensitive LIKE)
855 -- Be sure to form every test as an ILIKE/NOT ILIKE pair.
856 --
857 SELECT 'hawkeye' ILIKE 'h%' AS "true";
858 true
859 ------
860 t
861 (1 row)
863 SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'h%' AS "false";
864 false
865 -------
866 f
867 (1 row)
869 SELECT 'hawkeye' ILIKE 'H%' AS "true";
870 true
871 ------
872 t
873 (1 row)
875 SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'H%' AS "false";
876 false
877 -------
878 f
879 (1 row)
881 SELECT 'hawkeye' ILIKE 'H%Eye' AS "true";
882 true
883 ------
884 t
885 (1 row)
887 SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'H%Eye' AS "false";
888 false
889 -------
890 f
891 (1 row)
893 SELECT 'Hawkeye' ILIKE 'h%' AS "true";
894 true
895 ------
896 t
897 (1 row)
899 SELECT 'Hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'h%' AS "false";
900 false
901 -------
902 f
903 (1 row)
905 --
906 -- test %/_ combination cases, cf bug #4821
907 --
908 SELECT 'foo' LIKE '_%' as t, 'f' LIKE '_%' as t, '' LIKE '_%' as f;
909 t | t | f
910 ---+---+---
911 t | t | f
912 (1 row)
914 SELECT 'foo' LIKE '%_' as t, 'f' LIKE '%_' as t, '' LIKE '%_' as f;
915 t | t | f
916 ---+---+---
917 t | t | f
918 (1 row)
920 SELECT 'foo' LIKE '__%' as t, 'foo' LIKE '___%' as t, 'foo' LIKE '____%' as f;
921 t | t | f
922 ---+---+---
923 t | t | f
924 (1 row)
926 SELECT 'foo' LIKE '%__' as t, 'foo' LIKE '%___' as t, 'foo' LIKE '%____' as f;
927 t | t | f
928 ---+---+---
929 t | t | f
930 (1 row)
932 --
933 -- test implicit type conversion
934 --
935 -- E021-07 character concatenation
936 SELECT 'unknown' || ' and unknown' AS "Concat unknown types";
937 Concat unknown types
938 ----------------------
939 unknown and unknown
940 (1 row)
942 SELECT text 'text' || ' and unknown' AS "Concat text to unknown type";
943 Concat text to unknown type
944 -----------------------------
945 text and unknown
946 (1 row)
948 SELECT char(20) 'characters' || ' and text' AS "Concat char to unknown type";
949 Concat char to unknown type
950 -----------------------------
951 characters and text
952 (1 row)
954 SELECT text 'text' || char(20) ' and characters' AS "Concat text to char";
955 Concat text to char
956 ---------------------
957 text and characters
958 (1 row)
960 SELECT text 'text' || varchar ' and varchar' AS "Concat text to varchar";
961 Concat text to varchar
962 ------------------------
963 text and varchar
964 (1 row)
966 --
967 -- test substr with toasted text values
968 --
969 CREATE TABLE toasttest(f1 text);
970 insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
971 insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
972 --
973 -- Ensure that some values are uncompressed, to test the faster substring
974 -- operation used in that case
975 --
976 alter table toasttest alter column f1 set storage external;
977 insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
978 insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
979 -- If the starting position is zero or less, then return from the start of the string
980 -- adjusting the length to be consistent with the "negative start" per SQL92.
981 SELECT substr(f1, -1, 5) from toasttest;
982 substr
983 --------
984 123
985 123
986 123
987 123
988 (4 rows)
990 -- If the length is less than zero, an ERROR is thrown.
991 SELECT substr(f1, 5, -1) from toasttest;
992 ERROR: negative substring length not allowed
993 -- If no third argument (length) is provided, the length to the end of the
994 -- string is assumed.
995 SELECT substr(f1, 99995) from toasttest;
996 substr
997 --------
998 567890
999 567890
1000 567890
1001 567890
1002 (4 rows)
1004 -- If start plus length is > string length, the result is truncated to
1005 -- string length
1006 SELECT substr(f1, 99995, 10) from toasttest;
1007 substr
1008 --------
1009 567890
1010 567890
1011 567890
1012 567890
1013 (4 rows)
1015 DROP TABLE toasttest;
1016 --
1017 -- test substr with toasted bytea values
1018 --
1019 CREATE TABLE toasttest(f1 bytea);
1020 insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
1021 insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
1022 --
1023 -- Ensure that some values are uncompressed, to test the faster substring
1024 -- operation used in that case
1025 --
1026 alter table toasttest alter column f1 set storage external;
1027 insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
1028 insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
1029 -- If the starting position is zero or less, then return from the start of the string
1030 -- adjusting the length to be consistent with the "negative start" per SQL92.
1031 SELECT substr(f1, -1, 5) from toasttest;
1032 substr
1033 --------
1034 123
1035 123
1036 123
1037 123
1038 (4 rows)
1040 -- If the length is less than zero, an ERROR is thrown.
1041 SELECT substr(f1, 5, -1) from toasttest;
1042 ERROR: negative substring length not allowed
1043 -- If no third argument (length) is provided, the length to the end of the
1044 -- string is assumed.
1045 SELECT substr(f1, 99995) from toasttest;
1046 substr
1047 --------
1048 567890
1049 567890
1050 567890
1051 567890
1052 (4 rows)
1054 -- If start plus length is > string length, the result is truncated to
1055 -- string length
1056 SELECT substr(f1, 99995, 10) from toasttest;
1057 substr
1058 --------
1059 567890
1060 567890
1061 567890
1062 567890
1063 (4 rows)
1065 DROP TABLE toasttest;
1066 -- test internally compressing datums
1067 -- this tests compressing a datum to a very small size which exercises a
1068 -- corner case in packed-varlena handling: even though small, the compressed
1069 -- datum must be given a 4-byte header because there are no bits to indicate
1070 -- compression in a 1-byte header
1071 CREATE TABLE toasttest (c char(4096));
1072 INSERT INTO toasttest VALUES('x');
1073 SELECT length(c), c::text FROM toasttest;
1074 length | c
1075 --------+---
1076 1 | x
1077 (1 row)
1079 SELECT c FROM toasttest;
1080 c
1081 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1082 x
1083 (1 row)
1085 DROP TABLE toasttest;
1086 --
1087 -- test length
1088 --
1089 SELECT length('abcdef') AS "length_6";
1090 length_6
1091 ----------
1092 6
1093 (1 row)
1095 --
1096 -- test strpos
1097 --
1098 SELECT strpos('abcdef', 'cd') AS "pos_3";
1099 pos_3
1100 -------
1101 3
1102 (1 row)
1104 SELECT strpos('abcdef', 'xy') AS "pos_0";
1105 pos_0
1106 -------
1107 0
1108 (1 row)
1110 --
1111 -- test replace
1112 --
1113 SELECT replace('abcdef', 'de', '45') AS "abc45f";
1114 abc45f
1115 --------
1116 abc45f
1117 (1 row)
1119 SELECT replace('yabadabadoo', 'ba', '123') AS "ya123da123doo";
1120 ya123da123doo
1121 ---------------
1122 ya123da123doo
1123 (1 row)
1125 SELECT replace('yabadoo', 'bad', '') AS "yaoo";
1126 yaoo
1127 ------
1128 yaoo
1129 (1 row)
1131 --
1132 -- test split_part
1133 --
1134 select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',0) AS "an error";
1135 ERROR: field position must be greater than zero
1136 select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',1) AS "joeuser";
1137 joeuser
1138 ---------
1139 joeuser
1140 (1 row)
1142 select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',2) AS "mydatabase";
1143 mydatabase
1144 ------------
1145 mydatabase
1146 (1 row)
1148 select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',3) AS "empty string";
1149 empty string
1150 --------------
1152 (1 row)
1154 select split_part('@joeuser@mydatabase@','@',2) AS "joeuser";
1155 joeuser
1156 ---------
1157 joeuser
1158 (1 row)
1160 --
1161 -- test to_hex
1162 --
1163 select to_hex(256*256*256 - 1) AS "ffffff";
1164 ffffff
1165 --------
1166 ffffff
1167 (1 row)
1169 select to_hex(256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint - 1) AS "ffffffff";
1170 ffffffff
1171 ----------
1172 ffffffff
1173 (1 row)
1175 --
1176 -- MD5 test suite - from IETF RFC 1321
1177 -- (see: ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc1321.txt)
1178 --
1179 select md5('') = 'd41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e' AS "TRUE";
1180 TRUE
1181 ------
1182 t
1183 (1 row)
1185 select md5('a') = '0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661' AS "TRUE";
1186 TRUE
1187 ------
1188 t
1189 (1 row)
1191 select md5('abc') = '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72' AS "TRUE";
1192 TRUE
1193 ------
1194 t
1195 (1 row)
1197 select md5('message digest') = 'f96b697d7cb7938d525a2f31aaf161d0' AS "TRUE";
1198 TRUE
1199 ------
1200 t
1201 (1 row)
1203 select md5('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz') = 'c3fcd3d76192e4007dfb496cca67e13b' AS "TRUE";
1204 TRUE
1205 ------
1206 t
1207 (1 row)
1209 select md5('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789') = 'd174ab98d277d9f5a5611c2c9f419d9f' AS "TRUE";
1210 TRUE
1211 ------
1212 t
1213 (1 row)
1215 select md5('12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890') = '57edf4a22be3c955ac49da2e2107b67a' AS "TRUE";
1216 TRUE
1217 ------
1218 t
1219 (1 row)
1221 select md5(''::bytea) = 'd41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e' AS "TRUE";
1222 TRUE
1223 ------
1224 t
1225 (1 row)
1227 select md5('a'::bytea) = '0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661' AS "TRUE";
1228 TRUE
1229 ------
1230 t
1231 (1 row)
1233 select md5('abc'::bytea) = '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72' AS "TRUE";
1234 TRUE
1235 ------
1236 t
1237 (1 row)
1239 select md5('message digest'::bytea) = 'f96b697d7cb7938d525a2f31aaf161d0' AS "TRUE";
1240 TRUE
1241 ------
1242 t
1243 (1 row)
1245 select md5('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'::bytea) = 'c3fcd3d76192e4007dfb496cca67e13b' AS "TRUE";
1246 TRUE
1247 ------
1248 t
1249 (1 row)
1251 select md5('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789'::bytea) = 'd174ab98d277d9f5a5611c2c9f419d9f' AS "TRUE";
1252 TRUE
1253 ------
1254 t
1255 (1 row)
1257 select md5('12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890'::bytea) = '57edf4a22be3c955ac49da2e2107b67a' AS "TRUE";
1258 TRUE
1259 ------
1260 t
1261 (1 row)
1263 --
1264 -- test behavior of escape_string_warning and standard_conforming_strings options
1265 --
1266 set escape_string_warning = off;
1267 set standard_conforming_strings = off;
1268 show escape_string_warning;
1269 escape_string_warning
1270 -----------------------
1271 off
1272 (1 row)
1274 show standard_conforming_strings;
1275 standard_conforming_strings
1276 -----------------------------
1277 off
1278 (1 row)
1280 set escape_string_warning = on;
1281 set standard_conforming_strings = on;
1282 show escape_string_warning;
1283 escape_string_warning
1284 -----------------------
1285 on
1286 (1 row)
1288 show standard_conforming_strings;
1289 standard_conforming_strings
1290 -----------------------------
1291 on
1292 (1 row)
1294 select 'a\bcd' as f1, 'a\b''cd' as f2, 'a\b''''cd' as f3, 'abcd\' as f4, 'ab\''cd' as f5, '\\' as f6;
1295 f1 | f2 | f3 | f4 | f5 | f6
1296 -------+--------+---------+-------+--------+----
1297 a\bcd | a\b'cd | a\b''cd | abcd\ | ab\'cd | \\
1298 (1 row)
1300 set standard_conforming_strings = off;
1301 select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\' as f4, 'ab\\\'cd' as f5, '\\\\' as f6;
1302 WARNING: nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
1303 LINE 1: select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3,...
1304 ^
1305 HINT: Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
1306 WARNING: nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
1307 LINE 1: select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3,...
1308 ^
1309 HINT: Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
1310 WARNING: nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
1311 LINE 1: select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3,...
1312 ^
1313 HINT: Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
1314 WARNING: nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
1315 LINE 1: ...bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\' ...
1316 ^
1317 HINT: Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
1318 WARNING: nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
1319 LINE 1: ...'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\' as f4, 'ab\\\'cd'...
1320 ^
1321 HINT: Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
1322 WARNING: nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
1323 LINE 1: ...'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\' as f4, 'ab\\\'cd' as f5, '\\\\' as ...
1324 ^
1325 HINT: Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
1326 f1 | f2 | f3 | f4 | f5 | f6
1327 -------+--------+---------+-------+--------+----
1328 a\bcd | a\b'cd | a\b''cd | abcd\ | ab\'cd | \\
1329 (1 row)
1331 set escape_string_warning = off;
1332 set standard_conforming_strings = on;
1333 select 'a\bcd' as f1, 'a\b''cd' as f2, 'a\b''''cd' as f3, 'abcd\' as f4, 'ab\''cd' as f5, '\\' as f6;
1334 f1 | f2 | f3 | f4 | f5 | f6
1335 -------+--------+---------+-------+--------+----
1336 a\bcd | a\b'cd | a\b''cd | abcd\ | ab\'cd | \\
1337 (1 row)
1339 set standard_conforming_strings = off;
1340 select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\' as f4, 'ab\\\'cd' as f5, '\\\\' as f6;
1341 f1 | f2 | f3 | f4 | f5 | f6
1342 -------+--------+---------+-------+--------+----
1343 a\bcd | a\b'cd | a\b''cd | abcd\ | ab\'cd | \\
1344 (1 row)
1346 --
1347 -- Additional string functions
1348 --
1349 SELECT initcap('hi THOMAS');
1350 initcap
1351 -----------
1352 Hi Thomas
1353 (1 row)
1355 SELECT lpad('hi', 5, 'xy');
1356 lpad
1357 -------
1358 xyxhi
1359 (1 row)
1361 SELECT lpad('hi', 5);
1362 lpad
1363 -------
1364 hi
1365 (1 row)
1367 SELECT lpad('hi', -5, 'xy');
1368 lpad
1369 ------
1371 (1 row)
1373 SELECT lpad('hello', 2);
1374 lpad
1375 ------
1376 he
1377 (1 row)
1379 SELECT lpad('hi', 5, '');
1380 lpad
1381 ------
1382 hi
1383 (1 row)
1385 SELECT rpad('hi', 5, 'xy');
1386 rpad
1387 -------
1388 hixyx
1389 (1 row)
1391 SELECT rpad('hi', 5);
1392 rpad
1393 -------
1394 hi
1395 (1 row)
1397 SELECT rpad('hi', -5, 'xy');
1398 rpad
1399 ------
1401 (1 row)
1403 SELECT rpad('hello', 2);
1404 rpad
1405 ------
1406 he
1407 (1 row)
1409 SELECT rpad('hi', 5, '');
1410 rpad
1411 ------
1412 hi
1413 (1 row)
1415 SELECT ltrim('zzzytrim', 'xyz');
1416 ltrim
1417 -------
1418 trim
1419 (1 row)
1421 SELECT translate('', '14', 'ax');
1422 translate
1423 -----------
1425 (1 row)
1427 SELECT translate('12345', '14', 'ax');
1428 translate
1429 -----------
1430 a23x5
1431 (1 row)
1433 SELECT ascii('x');
1434 ascii
1435 -------
1436 120
1437 (1 row)
1439 SELECT ascii('');
1440 ascii
1441 -------
1442 0
1443 (1 row)
1445 SELECT chr(65);
1446 chr
1447 -----
1448 A
1449 (1 row)
1451 SELECT chr(0);
1452 ERROR: null character not permitted
1453 SELECT repeat('Pg', 4);
1454 repeat
1455 ----------
1456 PgPgPgPg
1457 (1 row)
1459 SELECT repeat('Pg', -4);
1460 repeat
1461 --------
1463 (1 row)
1465 SELECT trim(E'\\000'::bytea from E'\\000Tom\\000'::bytea);
1466 btrim
1467 -------
1468 Tom
1469 (1 row)
1471 SELECT btrim(E'\\000trim\\000'::bytea, E'\\000'::bytea);
1472 btrim
1473 -------
1474 trim
1475 (1 row)
1477 SELECT btrim(''::bytea, E'\\000'::bytea);
1478 btrim
1479 -------
1481 (1 row)
1483 SELECT btrim(E'\\000trim\\000'::bytea, ''::bytea);
1484 btrim
1485 --------------
1486 \000trim\000
1487 (1 row)