Merge upstream Edit in TextMate changes, remove a utf8 char

[MacVim.git] / src / os_unix.c

/* vi:set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4:
 *
 * VIM - Vi IMproved    by Bram Moolenaar
 *            OS/2 port by Paul Slootman
 *            VMS merge by Zoltan Arpadffy
 *
 * Do ":help uganda"  in Vim to read copying and usage conditions.
 * Do ":help credits" in Vim to see a list of people who contributed.
 * See README.txt for an overview of the Vim source code.
 */

/*
 * os_unix.c -- code for all flavors of Unix (BSD, SYSV, SVR4, POSIX, ...)
 *           Also for OS/2, using the excellent EMX package!!!
 *           Also for BeOS and Atari MiNT.
 *
 * A lot of this file was originally written by Juergen Weigert and later
 * changed beyond recognition.
 */

/*
 * Some systems have a prototype for select() that has (int *) instead of
 * (fd_set *), which is wrong. This define removes that prototype. We define
 * our own prototype below.
 * Don't use it for the Mac, it causes a warning for precompiled headers.
 * TODO: use a configure check for precompiled headers?
 */
#if !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(__TANDEM)
# define select select_declared_wrong
#endif

#include "vim.h"

#ifdef FEAT_MZSCHEME
# include "if_mzsch.h"
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_FCNTL_H
# include <fcntl.h>
#endif

#include "os_unixx.h"       /* unix includes for os_unix.c only */

#ifdef USE_XSMP
# include <X11/SM/SMlib.h>
#endif

/*
 * Use this prototype for select, some include files have a wrong prototype
 */
#ifndef __TANDEM
# undef select
# ifdef __BEOS__
#  define select        beos_select
# endif
#endif

#ifdef __CYGWIN__
# ifndef WIN32
#  include <sys/cygwin.h>       /* for cygwin_conv_to_posix_path() */
# endif
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_SELECT)
extern int   select __ARGS((int, fd_set *, fd_set *, fd_set *, struct timeval *));
#endif

#ifdef FEAT_MOUSE_GPM
# include <gpm.h>
/* <linux/keyboard.h> contains defines conflicting with "keymap.h",
 * I just copied relevant defines here. A cleaner solution would be to put gpm
 * code into separate file and include there linux/keyboard.h
 */
/* #include <linux/keyboard.h> */
# define KG_SHIFT       0
# define KG_CTRL        2
# define KG_ALT         3
# define KG_ALTGR       1
# define KG_SHIFTL      4
# define KG_SHIFTR      5
# define KG_CTRLL       6
# define KG_CTRLR       7
# define KG_CAPSSHIFT   8

static void gpm_close __ARGS((void));
static int gpm_open __ARGS((void));
static int mch_gpm_process __ARGS((void));
#endif

/*
 * end of autoconf section. To be extended...
 */

/* Are the following #ifdefs still required? And why? Is that for X11? */

#if defined(ESIX) || defined(M_UNIX) && !defined(SCO)
# ifdef SIGWINCH
#  undef SIGWINCH
# endif
# ifdef TIOCGWINSZ
#  undef TIOCGWINSZ
# endif
#endif

#if defined(SIGWINDOW) && !defined(SIGWINCH)    /* hpux 9.01 has it */
# define SIGWINCH SIGWINDOW
#endif

#ifdef FEAT_X11
# include <X11/Xlib.h>
# include <X11/Xutil.h>
# include <X11/Xatom.h>
# ifdef FEAT_XCLIPBOARD
#  include <X11/Intrinsic.h>
#  include <X11/Shell.h>
#  include <X11/StringDefs.h>
static Widget   xterm_Shell = (Widget)0;
static void xterm_update __ARGS((void));
# endif

# if defined(FEAT_XCLIPBOARD) || defined(FEAT_TITLE)
Window      x11_window = 0;
# endif
Display     *x11_display = NULL;

# ifdef FEAT_TITLE
static int  get_x11_windis __ARGS((void));
static void set_x11_title __ARGS((char_u *));
static void set_x11_icon __ARGS((char_u *));
# endif
#endif

#ifdef FEAT_TITLE
static int get_x11_title __ARGS((int));
static int get_x11_icon __ARGS((int));

static char_u   *oldtitle = NULL;
static int      did_set_title = FALSE;
static char_u   *oldicon = NULL;
static int      did_set_icon = FALSE;
#endif

static void may_core_dump __ARGS((void));

static int  WaitForChar __ARGS((long));
#if defined(__BEOS__)
int  RealWaitForChar __ARGS((int, long, int *));
#else
static int  RealWaitForChar __ARGS((int, long, int *));
#endif

#ifdef FEAT_XCLIPBOARD
static int do_xterm_trace __ARGS((void));
# define XT_TRACE_DELAY 50      /* delay for xterm tracing */
#endif

static void handle_resize __ARGS((void));

#if defined(SIGWINCH)
static RETSIGTYPE sig_winch __ARGS(SIGPROTOARG);
#endif
#if defined(SIGINT)
static RETSIGTYPE catch_sigint __ARGS(SIGPROTOARG);
#endif
#if defined(SIGPWR)
static RETSIGTYPE catch_sigpwr __ARGS(SIGPROTOARG);
#endif
#if defined(SIGALRM) && defined(FEAT_X11) \
        && defined(FEAT_TITLE) && !defined(FEAT_GUI_GTK)
# define SET_SIG_ALARM
static RETSIGTYPE sig_alarm __ARGS(SIGPROTOARG);
static int sig_alarm_called;
#endif
static RETSIGTYPE deathtrap __ARGS(SIGPROTOARG);

static void catch_int_signal __ARGS((void));
static void set_signals __ARGS((void));
static void catch_signals __ARGS((RETSIGTYPE (*func_deadly)(), RETSIGTYPE (*func_other)()));
#ifndef __EMX__
static int  have_wildcard __ARGS((int, char_u **));
static int  have_dollars __ARGS((int, char_u **));
#endif

#ifndef __EMX__
static int save_patterns __ARGS((int num_pat, char_u **pat, int *num_file, char_u ***file));
#endif

#ifndef SIG_ERR
# define SIG_ERR        ((RETSIGTYPE (*)())-1)
#endif

static int      do_resize = FALSE;
#ifndef __EMX__
static char_u   *extra_shell_arg = NULL;
static int      show_shell_mess = TRUE;
#endif
static int      deadly_signal = 0;          /* The signal we caught */
static int      in_mch_delay = FALSE;       /* sleeping in mch_delay() */

static int curr_tmode = TMODE_COOK;     /* contains current terminal mode */

#ifdef USE_XSMP
typedef struct
{
    SmcConn smcconn;        /* The SM connection ID */
    IceConn iceconn;        /* The ICE connection ID */
    Bool save_yourself;     /* If we're in the middle of a save_yourself */
    Bool shutdown;          /* If we're in shutdown mode */
} xsmp_config_T;

static xsmp_config_T xsmp;
#endif

#ifdef SYS_SIGLIST_DECLARED
/*
 * I have seen
 *  extern char *_sys_siglist[NSIG];
 * on Irix, Linux, NetBSD and Solaris. It contains a nice list of strings
 * that describe the signals. That is nearly what we want here.  But
 * autoconf does only check for sys_siglist (without the underscore), I
 * do not want to change everything today.... jw.
 * This is why AC_DECL_SYS_SIGLIST is commented out in configure.in
 */
#endif

static struct signalinfo
{
    int     sig;        /* Signal number, eg. SIGSEGV etc */
    char    *name;      /* Signal name (not char_u!). */
    char    deadly;     /* Catch as a deadly signal? */
} signal_info[] =
{
#ifdef SIGHUP
    {SIGHUP,        "HUP",      TRUE},
#endif
#ifdef SIGQUIT
    {SIGQUIT,       "QUIT",     TRUE},
#endif
#ifdef SIGILL
    {SIGILL,        "ILL",      TRUE},
#endif
#ifdef SIGTRAP
    {SIGTRAP,       "TRAP",     TRUE},
#endif
#ifdef SIGABRT
    {SIGABRT,       "ABRT",     TRUE},
#endif
#ifdef SIGEMT
    {SIGEMT,        "EMT",      TRUE},
#endif
#ifdef SIGFPE
    {SIGFPE,        "FPE",      TRUE},
#endif
#ifdef SIGBUS
    {SIGBUS,        "BUS",      TRUE},
#endif
#ifdef SIGSEGV
    {SIGSEGV,       "SEGV",     TRUE},
#endif
#ifdef SIGSYS
    {SIGSYS,        "SYS",      TRUE},
#endif
#ifdef SIGALRM
    {SIGALRM,       "ALRM",     FALSE}, /* Perl's alarm() can trigger it */
#endif
#ifdef SIGTERM
    {SIGTERM,       "TERM",     TRUE},
#endif
#ifdef SIGVTALRM
    {SIGVTALRM,     "VTALRM",   TRUE},
#endif
#if defined(SIGPROF) && !defined(FEAT_MZSCHEME)
    /* MzScheme uses SIGPROF for its own needs */
    {SIGPROF,       "PROF",     TRUE},
#endif
#ifdef SIGXCPU
    {SIGXCPU,       "XCPU",     TRUE},
#endif
#ifdef SIGXFSZ
    {SIGXFSZ,       "XFSZ",     TRUE},
#endif
#ifdef SIGUSR1
    {SIGUSR1,       "USR1",     TRUE},
#endif
#ifdef SIGUSR2
    {SIGUSR2,       "USR2",     TRUE},
#endif
#ifdef SIGINT
    {SIGINT,        "INT",      FALSE},
#endif
#ifdef SIGWINCH
    {SIGWINCH,      "WINCH",    FALSE},
#endif
#ifdef SIGTSTP
    {SIGTSTP,       "TSTP",     FALSE},
#endif
#ifdef SIGPIPE
    {SIGPIPE,       "PIPE",     FALSE},
#endif
    {-1,            "Unknown!", FALSE}
};

    void
mch_write(s, len)
    char_u      *s;
    int         len;
{
    write(1, (char *)s, len);
    if (p_wd)           /* Unix is too fast, slow down a bit more */
        RealWaitForChar(read_cmd_fd, p_wd, NULL);
}

/*
 * mch_inchar(): low level input function.
 * Get a characters from the keyboard.
 * Return the number of characters that are available.
 * If wtime == 0 do not wait for characters.
 * If wtime == n wait a short time for characters.
 * If wtime == -1 wait forever for characters.
 */
    int
mch_inchar(buf, maxlen, wtime, tb_change_cnt)
    char_u      *buf;
    int         maxlen;
    long        wtime;      /* don't use "time", MIPS cannot handle it */
    int         tb_change_cnt;
{
    int         len;

    /* Check if window changed size while we were busy, perhaps the ":set
     * columns=99" command was used. */
    while (do_resize)
        handle_resize();

    if (wtime >= 0)
    {
        while (WaitForChar(wtime) == 0)         /* no character available */
        {
            if (!do_resize)     /* return if not interrupted by resize */
                return 0;
            handle_resize();
        }
    }
    else        /* wtime == -1 */
    {
        /*
         * If there is no character available within 'updatetime' seconds
         * flush all the swap files to disk.
         * Also done when interrupted by SIGWINCH.
         */
        if (WaitForChar(p_ut) == 0)
        {
#ifdef FEAT_AUTOCMD
            if (trigger_cursorhold() && maxlen >= 3
                                           && !typebuf_changed(tb_change_cnt))
            {
                buf[0] = K_SPECIAL;
                buf[1] = KS_EXTRA;
                buf[2] = (int)KE_CURSORHOLD;
                return 3;
            }
#endif
            before_blocking();
        }
    }

    for (;;)    /* repeat until we got a character */
    {
        while (do_resize)    /* window changed size */
            handle_resize();
        /*
         * we want to be interrupted by the winch signal
         */
        WaitForChar(-1L);
        if (do_resize)      /* interrupted by SIGWINCH signal */
            continue;

        /* If input was put directly in typeahead buffer bail out here. */
        if (typebuf_changed(tb_change_cnt))
            return 0;

        /*
         * For some terminals we only get one character at a time.
         * We want the get all available characters, so we could keep on
         * trying until none is available
         * For some other terminals this is quite slow, that's why we don't do
         * it.
         */
        len = read_from_input_buf(buf, (long)maxlen);
        if (len > 0)
        {
#ifdef OS2
            int i;

            for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
                if (buf[i] == 0)
                    buf[i] = K_NUL;
#endif
            return len;
        }
    }
}

    static void
handle_resize()
{
    do_resize = FALSE;
    shell_resized();
}

/*
 * return non-zero if a character is available
 */
    int
mch_char_avail()
{
    return WaitForChar(0L);
}

#if defined(HAVE_TOTAL_MEM) || defined(PROTO)
# ifdef HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
#  include <sys/resource.h>
# endif
# if defined(HAVE_SYS_SYSCTL_H) && defined(HAVE_SYSCTL)
#  include <sys/sysctl.h>
# endif
# if defined(HAVE_SYS_SYSINFO_H) && defined(HAVE_SYSINFO)
#  include <sys/sysinfo.h>
# endif

/*
 * Return total amount of memory available in Kbyte.
 * Doesn't change when memory has been allocated.
 */
/* ARGSUSED */
    long_u
mch_total_mem(special)
    int special;
{
# ifdef __EMX__
    return ulimit(3, 0L) >> 10;   /* always 32MB? */
# else
    long_u      mem = 0;
    long_u      shiftright = 10;  /* how much to shift "mem" right for Kbyte */

#  ifdef HAVE_SYSCTL
    int         mib[2], physmem;
    size_t      len;

    /* BSD way of getting the amount of RAM available. */
    mib[0] = CTL_HW;
    mib[1] = HW_USERMEM;
    len = sizeof(physmem);
    if (sysctl(mib, 2, &physmem, &len, NULL, 0) == 0)
        mem = (long_u)physmem;
#  endif

#  if defined(HAVE_SYS_SYSINFO_H) && defined(HAVE_SYSINFO)
    if (mem == 0)
    {
        struct sysinfo sinfo;

        /* Linux way of getting amount of RAM available */
        if (sysinfo(&sinfo) == 0)
        {
#   ifdef HAVE_SYSINFO_MEM_UNIT
            /* avoid overflow as much as possible */
            while (shiftright > 0 && (sinfo.mem_unit & 1) == 0)
            {
                sinfo.mem_unit = sinfo.mem_unit >> 1;
                --shiftright;
            }
            mem = sinfo.totalram * sinfo.mem_unit;
#   else
            mem = sinfo.totalram;
#   endif
        }
    }
#  endif

#  ifdef HAVE_SYSCONF
    if (mem == 0)
    {
        long        pagesize, pagecount;

        /* Solaris way of getting amount of RAM available */
        pagesize = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
        pagecount = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
        if (pagesize > 0 && pagecount > 0)
        {
            /* avoid overflow as much as possible */
            while (shiftright > 0 && (pagesize & 1) == 0)
            {
                pagesize = (long_u)pagesize >> 1;
                --shiftright;
            }
            mem = (long_u)pagesize * pagecount;
        }
    }
#  endif

    /* Return the minimum of the physical memory and the user limit, because
     * using more than the user limit may cause Vim to be terminated. */
#  if defined(HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H) && defined(HAVE_GETRLIMIT)
    {
        struct rlimit   rlp;

        if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_DATA, &rlp) == 0
                && rlp.rlim_cur < ((rlim_t)1 << (sizeof(long_u) * 8 - 1))
#   ifdef RLIM_INFINITY
                && rlp.rlim_cur != RLIM_INFINITY
#   endif
                && ((long_u)rlp.rlim_cur >> 10) < (mem >> shiftright)
           )
        {
            mem = (long_u)rlp.rlim_cur;
            shiftright = 10;
        }
    }
#  endif

    if (mem > 0)
        return mem >> shiftright;
    return (long_u)0x1fffff;
# endif
}
#endif

    void
mch_delay(msec, ignoreinput)
    long        msec;
    int         ignoreinput;
{
    int         old_tmode;
#ifdef FEAT_MZSCHEME
    long        total = msec; /* remember original value */
#endif

    if (ignoreinput)
    {
        /* Go to cooked mode without echo, to allow SIGINT interrupting us
         * here.  But we don't want QUIT to kill us (CTRL-\ used in a
         * shell may produce SIGQUIT). */
        in_mch_delay = TRUE;
        old_tmode = curr_tmode;
        if (curr_tmode == TMODE_RAW)
            settmode(TMODE_SLEEP);

        /*
         * Everybody sleeps in a different way...
         * Prefer nanosleep(), some versions of usleep() can only sleep up to
         * one second.
         */
#ifdef FEAT_MZSCHEME
        do
        {
            /* if total is large enough, wait by portions in p_mzq */
            if (total > p_mzq)
                msec = p_mzq;
            else
                msec = total;
            total -= msec;
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_NANOSLEEP
        {
            struct timespec ts;

            ts.tv_sec = msec / 1000;
            ts.tv_nsec = (msec % 1000) * 1000000;
            (void)nanosleep(&ts, NULL);
        }
#else
# ifdef HAVE_USLEEP
        while (msec >= 1000)
        {
            usleep((unsigned int)(999 * 1000));
            msec -= 999;
        }
        usleep((unsigned int)(msec * 1000));
# else
#  ifndef HAVE_SELECT
        poll(NULL, 0, (int)msec);
#  else
#   ifdef __EMX__
        _sleep2(msec);
#   else
        {
            struct timeval tv;

            tv.tv_sec = msec / 1000;
            tv.tv_usec = (msec % 1000) * 1000;
            /*
             * NOTE: Solaris 2.6 has a bug that makes select() hang here.  Get
             * a patch from Sun to fix this.  Reported by Gunnar Pedersen.
             */
            select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &tv);
        }
#   endif /* __EMX__ */
#  endif /* HAVE_SELECT */
# endif /* HAVE_NANOSLEEP */
#endif /* HAVE_USLEEP */
#ifdef FEAT_MZSCHEME
        }
        while (total > 0);
#endif

        settmode(old_tmode);
        in_mch_delay = FALSE;
    }
    else
        WaitForChar(msec);
}

#if 0    /* disabled, no longer needed now that regmatch() is not recursive */
# if defined(HAVE_GETRLIMIT)
#  define HAVE_STACK_LIMIT
# endif
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_STACK_LIMIT) \
        || (!defined(HAVE_SIGALTSTACK) && defined(HAVE_SIGSTACK))
# define HAVE_CHECK_STACK_GROWTH
/*
 * Support for checking for an almost-out-of-stack-space situation.
 */

/*
 * Return a pointer to an item on the stack.  Used to find out if the stack
 * grows up or down.
 */
static void check_stack_growth __ARGS((char *p));
static int stack_grows_downwards;

/*
 * Find out if the stack grows upwards or downwards.
 * "p" points to a variable on the stack of the caller.
 */
    static void
check_stack_growth(p)
    char        *p;
{
    int         i;

    stack_grows_downwards = (p > (char *)&i);
}
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_STACK_LIMIT) || defined(PROTO)
static char *stack_limit = NULL;

#if defined(_THREAD_SAFE) && defined(HAVE_PTHREAD_NP_H)
# include <pthread.h>
# include <pthread_np.h>
#endif

/*
 * Find out until how var the stack can grow without getting into trouble.
 * Called when starting up and when switching to the signal stack in
 * deathtrap().
 */
    static void
get_stack_limit()
{
    struct rlimit       rlp;
    int                 i;
    long                lim;

    /* Set the stack limit to 15/16 of the allowable size.  Skip this when the
     * limit doesn't fit in a long (rlim_cur might be "long long"). */
    if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &rlp) == 0
            && rlp.rlim_cur < ((rlim_t)1 << (sizeof(long_u) * 8 - 1))
#  ifdef RLIM_INFINITY
            && rlp.rlim_cur != RLIM_INFINITY
#  endif
       )
    {
        lim = (long)rlp.rlim_cur;
#if defined(_THREAD_SAFE) && defined(HAVE_PTHREAD_NP_H)
        {
            pthread_attr_t  attr;
            size_t          size;

            /* On FreeBSD the initial thread always has a fixed stack size, no
             * matter what the limits are set to.  Normally it's 1 Mbyte. */
            pthread_attr_init(&attr);
            if (pthread_attr_get_np(pthread_self(), &attr) == 0)
            {
                pthread_attr_getstacksize(&attr, &size);
                if (lim > (long)size)
                    lim = (long)size;
            }
            pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
        }
#endif
        if (stack_grows_downwards)
        {
            stack_limit = (char *)((long)&i - (lim / 16L * 15L));
            if (stack_limit >= (char *)&i)
                /* overflow, set to 1/16 of current stack position */
                stack_limit = (char *)((long)&i / 16L);
        }
        else
        {
            stack_limit = (char *)((long)&i + (lim / 16L * 15L));
            if (stack_limit <= (char *)&i)
                stack_limit = NULL;     /* overflow */
        }
    }
}

/*
 * Return FAIL when running out of stack space.
 * "p" must point to any variable local to the caller that's on the stack.
 */
    int
mch_stackcheck(p)
    char        *p;
{
    if (stack_limit != NULL)
    {
        if (stack_grows_downwards)
        {
            if (p < stack_limit)
                return FAIL;
        }
        else if (p > stack_limit)
            return FAIL;
    }
    return OK;
}
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_SIGALTSTACK) || defined(HAVE_SIGSTACK)
/*
 * Support for using the signal stack.
 * This helps when we run out of stack space, which causes a SIGSEGV.  The
 * signal handler then must run on another stack, since the normal stack is
 * completely full.
 */

#ifndef SIGSTKSZ
# define SIGSTKSZ 8000    /* just a guess of how much stack is needed... */
#endif

# ifdef HAVE_SIGALTSTACK
static stack_t sigstk;                  /* for sigaltstack() */
# else
static struct sigstack sigstk;          /* for sigstack() */
# endif

static void init_signal_stack __ARGS((void));
static char *signal_stack;

    static void
init_signal_stack()
{
    if (signal_stack != NULL)
    {
# ifdef HAVE_SIGALTSTACK
#  if defined(__APPLE__) && (!defined(MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED) \
                || MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED <= 1040)
        /* missing prototype.  Adding it to osdef?.h.in doesn't work, because
         * "struct sigaltstack" needs to be declared. */
        extern int sigaltstack __ARGS((const struct sigaltstack *ss, struct sigaltstack *oss));
#  endif

#  ifdef HAVE_SS_BASE
        sigstk.ss_base = signal_stack;
#  else
        sigstk.ss_sp = signal_stack;
#  endif
        sigstk.ss_size = SIGSTKSZ;
        sigstk.ss_flags = 0;
        (void)sigaltstack(&sigstk, NULL);
# else
        sigstk.ss_sp = signal_stack;
        if (stack_grows_downwards)
            sigstk.ss_sp += SIGSTKSZ - 1;
        sigstk.ss_onstack = 0;
        (void)sigstack(&sigstk, NULL);
# endif
    }
}
#endif

/*
 * We need correct potatotypes for a signal function, otherwise mean compilers
 * will barf when the second argument to signal() is ``wrong''.
 * Let me try it with a few tricky defines from my own osdef.h  (jw).
 */
#if defined(SIGWINCH)
/* ARGSUSED */
    static RETSIGTYPE
sig_winch SIGDEFARG(sigarg)
{
    /* this is not required on all systems, but it doesn't hurt anybody */
    signal(SIGWINCH, (RETSIGTYPE (*)())sig_winch);
    do_resize = TRUE;
    SIGRETURN;
}
#endif

#if defined(SIGINT)
/* ARGSUSED */
    static RETSIGTYPE
catch_sigint SIGDEFARG(sigarg)
{
    /* this is not required on all systems, but it doesn't hurt anybody */
    signal(SIGINT, (RETSIGTYPE (*)())catch_sigint);
    got_int = TRUE;
    SIGRETURN;
}
#endif

#if defined(SIGPWR)
/* ARGSUSED */
    static RETSIGTYPE
catch_sigpwr SIGDEFARG(sigarg)
{
    /* this is not required on all systems, but it doesn't hurt anybody */
    signal(SIGPWR, (RETSIGTYPE (*)())catch_sigpwr);
    /*
     * I'm not sure we get the SIGPWR signal when the system is really going
     * down or when the batteries are almost empty.  Just preserve the swap
     * files and don't exit, that can't do any harm.
     */
    ml_sync_all(FALSE, FALSE);
    SIGRETURN;
}
#endif

#ifdef SET_SIG_ALARM
/*
 * signal function for alarm().
 */
/* ARGSUSED */
    static RETSIGTYPE
sig_alarm SIGDEFARG(sigarg)
{
    /* doesn't do anything, just to break a system call */
    sig_alarm_called = TRUE;
    SIGRETURN;
}
#endif

#if (defined(HAVE_SETJMP_H) \
        && ((defined(FEAT_X11) && defined(FEAT_XCLIPBOARD)) \
            || defined(FEAT_LIBCALL))) \
    || defined(PROTO)
/*
 * A simplistic version of setjmp() that only allows one level of using.
 * Don't call twice before calling mch_endjmp()!.
 * Usage:
 *      mch_startjmp();
 *      if (SETJMP(lc_jump_env) != 0)
 *      {
 *          mch_didjmp();
 *          EMSG("crash!");
 *      }
 *      else
 *      {
 *          do_the_work;
 *          mch_endjmp();
 *      }
 * Note: Can't move SETJMP() here, because a function calling setjmp() must
 * not return before the saved environment is used.
 * Returns OK for normal return, FAIL when the protected code caused a
 * problem and LONGJMP() was used.
 */
    void
mch_startjmp()
{
#ifdef SIGHASARG
    lc_signal = 0;
#endif
    lc_active = TRUE;
}

    void
mch_endjmp()
{
    lc_active = FALSE;
}

    void
mch_didjmp()
{
# if defined(HAVE_SIGALTSTACK) || defined(HAVE_SIGSTACK)
    /* On FreeBSD the signal stack has to be reset after using siglongjmp(),
     * otherwise catching the signal only works once. */
    init_signal_stack();
# endif
}
#endif

/*
 * This function handles deadly signals.
 * It tries to preserve any swap file and exit properly.
 * (partly from Elvis).
 */
    static RETSIGTYPE
deathtrap SIGDEFARG(sigarg)
{
    static int  entered = 0;        /* count the number of times we got here.
                                       Note: when memory has been corrupted
                                       this may get an arbitrary value! */
#ifdef SIGHASARG
    int         i;
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_SETJMP_H)
    /*
     * Catch a crash in protected code.
     * Restores the environment saved in lc_jump_env, which looks like
     * SETJMP() returns 1.
     */
    if (lc_active)
    {
# if defined(SIGHASARG)
        lc_signal = sigarg;
# endif
        lc_active = FALSE;      /* don't jump again */
        LONGJMP(lc_jump_env, 1);
        /* NOTREACHED */
    }
#endif

#ifdef SIGHASARG
# ifdef SIGQUIT
    /* While in mch_delay() we go to cooked mode to allow a CTRL-C to
     * interrupt us.  But in cooked mode we may also get SIGQUIT, e.g., when
     * pressing CTRL-\, but we don't want Vim to exit then. */
    if (in_mch_delay && sigarg == SIGQUIT)
        SIGRETURN;
# endif

    /* When SIGHUP, SIGQUIT, etc. are blocked: postpone the effect and return
     * here.  This avoids that a non-reentrant function is interrupted, e.g.,
     * free().  Calling free() again may then cause a crash. */
    if (entered == 0
            && (0
# ifdef SIGHUP
                || sigarg == SIGHUP
# endif
# ifdef SIGQUIT
                || sigarg == SIGQUIT
# endif
# ifdef SIGTERM
                || sigarg == SIGTERM
# endif
# ifdef SIGPWR
                || sigarg == SIGPWR
# endif
# ifdef SIGUSR1
                || sigarg == SIGUSR1
# endif
# ifdef SIGUSR2
                || sigarg == SIGUSR2
# endif
                )
            && !vim_handle_signal(sigarg))
        SIGRETURN;
#endif

    /* Remember how often we have been called. */
    ++entered;

#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
    /* Set the v:dying variable. */
    set_vim_var_nr(VV_DYING, (long)entered);
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_STACK_LIMIT
    /* Since we are now using the signal stack, need to reset the stack
     * limit.  Otherwise using a regexp will fail. */
    get_stack_limit();
#endif

#if 0
    /* This is for opening gdb the moment Vim crashes.
     * You need to manually adjust the file name and Vim executable name.
     * Suggested by SungHyun Nam. */
    {
# define VI_GDB_FILE "/tmp/vimgdb"
# define VIM_NAME "/usr/bin/vim"
        FILE *fp = fopen(VI_GDB_FILE, "w");
        if (fp)
        {
            fprintf(fp,
                    "file %s\n"
                    "attach %d\n"
                    "set height 1000\n"
                    "bt full\n"
                    , VIM_NAME, getpid());
            fclose(fp);
            system("xterm -e gdb -x "VI_GDB_FILE);
            unlink(VI_GDB_FILE);
        }
    }
#endif

#ifdef SIGHASARG
    /* try to find the name of this signal */
    for (i = 0; signal_info[i].sig != -1; i++)
        if (sigarg == signal_info[i].sig)
            break;
    deadly_signal = sigarg;
#endif

    full_screen = FALSE;        /* don't write message to the GUI, it might be
                                 * part of the problem... */
    /*
     * If something goes wrong after entering here, we may get here again.
     * When this happens, give a message and try to exit nicely (resetting the
     * terminal mode, etc.)
     * When this happens twice, just exit, don't even try to give a message,
     * stack may be corrupt or something weird.
     * When this still happens again (or memory was corrupted in such a way
     * that "entered" was clobbered) use _exit(), don't try freeing resources.
     */
    if (entered >= 3)
    {
        reset_signals();        /* don't catch any signals anymore */
        may_core_dump();
        if (entered >= 4)
            _exit(8);
        exit(7);
    }
    if (entered == 2)
    {
        OUT_STR(_("Vim: Double signal, exiting\n"));
        out_flush();
        getout(1);
    }

#ifdef SIGHASARG
    sprintf((char *)IObuff, _("Vim: Caught deadly signal %s\n"),
                                                         signal_info[i].name);
#else
    sprintf((char *)IObuff, _("Vim: Caught deadly signal\n"));
#endif
    preserve_exit();                /* preserve files and exit */

#ifdef NBDEBUG
    reset_signals();
    may_core_dump();
    abort();
#endif

    SIGRETURN;
}

#ifdef _REENTRANT
/*
 * On Solaris with multi-threading, suspending might not work immediately.
 * Catch the SIGCONT signal, which will be used as an indication whether the
 * suspending has been done or not.
 */
static int sigcont_received;
static RETSIGTYPE sigcont_handler __ARGS(SIGPROTOARG);

/*
 * signal handler for SIGCONT
 */
/* ARGSUSED */
    static RETSIGTYPE
sigcont_handler SIGDEFARG(sigarg)
{
    sigcont_received = TRUE;
    SIGRETURN;
}
#endif

/*
 * If the machine has job control, use it to suspend the program,
 * otherwise fake it by starting a new shell.
 */
    void
mch_suspend()
{
    /* BeOS does have SIGTSTP, but it doesn't work. */
#if defined(SIGTSTP) && !defined(__BEOS__)
    out_flush();            /* needed to make cursor visible on some systems */
    settmode(TMODE_COOK);
    out_flush();            /* needed to disable mouse on some systems */

# if defined(FEAT_CLIPBOARD) && defined(FEAT_X11)
    /* Since we are going to sleep, we can't respond to requests for the X
     * selections.  Lose them, otherwise other applications will hang.  But
     * first copy the text to cut buffer 0. */
    if (clip_star.owned || clip_plus.owned)
    {
        x11_export_final_selection();
        if (clip_star.owned)
            clip_lose_selection(&clip_star);
        if (clip_plus.owned)
            clip_lose_selection(&clip_plus);
        if (x11_display != NULL)
            XFlush(x11_display);
    }
# endif

# ifdef _REENTRANT
    sigcont_received = FALSE;
# endif
    kill(0, SIGTSTP);       /* send ourselves a STOP signal */
# ifdef _REENTRANT
    /* When we didn't suspend immediately in the kill(), do it now.  Happens
     * on multi-threaded Solaris. */
    if (!sigcont_received)
        pause();
# endif

# ifdef FEAT_TITLE
    /*
     * Set oldtitle to NULL, so the current title is obtained again.
     */
    vim_free(oldtitle);
    oldtitle = NULL;
# endif
    settmode(TMODE_RAW);
    need_check_timestamps = TRUE;
    did_check_timestamps = FALSE;
#else
    suspend_shell();
#endif
}

    void
mch_init()
{
    Columns = 80;
    Rows = 24;

    out_flush();
    set_signals();

#ifdef MACOS_CONVERT
    mac_conv_init();
#endif
}

    static void
set_signals()
{
#if defined(SIGWINCH)
    /*
     * WINDOW CHANGE signal is handled with sig_winch().
     */
    signal(SIGWINCH, (RETSIGTYPE (*)())sig_winch);
#endif

    /*
     * We want the STOP signal to work, to make mch_suspend() work.
     * For "rvim" the STOP signal is ignored.
     */
#ifdef SIGTSTP
    signal(SIGTSTP, restricted ? SIG_IGN : SIG_DFL);
#endif
#ifdef _REENTRANT
    signal(SIGCONT, sigcont_handler);
#endif

    /*
     * We want to ignore breaking of PIPEs.
     */
#ifdef SIGPIPE
    signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
#endif

#ifdef SIGINT
    catch_int_signal();
#endif

    /*
     * Ignore alarm signals (Perl's alarm() generates it).
     */
#ifdef SIGALRM
    signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
#endif

    /*
     * Catch SIGPWR (power failure?) to preserve the swap files, so that no
     * work will be lost.
     */
#ifdef SIGPWR
    signal(SIGPWR, (RETSIGTYPE (*)())catch_sigpwr);
#endif

    /*
     * Arrange for other signals to gracefully shutdown Vim.
     */
    catch_signals(deathtrap, SIG_ERR);

#if defined(FEAT_GUI) && defined(SIGHUP)
    /*
     * When the GUI is running, ignore the hangup signal.
     */
    if (gui.in_use)
        signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
#endif
}

#if defined(SIGINT) || defined(PROTO)
/*
 * Catch CTRL-C (only works while in Cooked mode).
 */
    static void
catch_int_signal()
{
    signal(SIGINT, (RETSIGTYPE (*)())catch_sigint);
}
#endif

    void
reset_signals()
{
    catch_signals(SIG_DFL, SIG_DFL);
#ifdef _REENTRANT
    /* SIGCONT isn't in the list, because its default action is ignore */
    signal(SIGCONT, SIG_DFL);
#endif
}

    static void
catch_signals(func_deadly, func_other)
    RETSIGTYPE (*func_deadly)();
    RETSIGTYPE (*func_other)();
{
    int     i;

    for (i = 0; signal_info[i].sig != -1; i++)
        if (signal_info[i].deadly)
        {
#if defined(HAVE_SIGALTSTACK) && defined(HAVE_SIGACTION)
            struct sigaction sa;

            /* Setup to use the alternate stack for the signal function. */
            sa.sa_handler = func_deadly;
            sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
# if defined(__linux__) && defined(_REENTRANT)
            /* On Linux, with glibc compiled for kernel 2.2, there is a bug in
             * thread handling in combination with using the alternate stack:
             * pthread library functions try to use the stack pointer to
             * identify the current thread, causing a SEGV signal, which
             * recursively calls deathtrap() and hangs. */
            sa.sa_flags = 0;
# else
            sa.sa_flags = SA_ONSTACK;
# endif
            sigaction(signal_info[i].sig, &sa, NULL);
#else
# if defined(HAVE_SIGALTSTACK) && defined(HAVE_SIGVEC)
            struct sigvec sv;

            /* Setup to use the alternate stack for the signal function. */
            sv.sv_handler = func_deadly;
            sv.sv_mask = 0;
            sv.sv_flags = SV_ONSTACK;
            sigvec(signal_info[i].sig, &sv, NULL);
# else
            signal(signal_info[i].sig, func_deadly);
# endif
#endif
        }
        else if (func_other != SIG_ERR)
            signal(signal_info[i].sig, func_other);
}

/*
 * Handling of SIGHUP, SIGQUIT and SIGTERM:
 * "when" == a signal:       when busy, postpone and return FALSE, otherwise
 *                           return TRUE
 * "when" == SIGNAL_BLOCK:   Going to be busy, block signals
 * "when" == SIGNAL_UNBLOCK: Going to wait, unblock signals, use postponed
 *                           signal
 * Returns TRUE when Vim should exit.
 */
    int
vim_handle_signal(sig)
    int         sig;
{
    static int got_signal = 0;
    static int blocked = TRUE;

    switch (sig)
    {
        case SIGNAL_BLOCK:   blocked = TRUE;
                             break;

        case SIGNAL_UNBLOCK: blocked = FALSE;
                             if (got_signal != 0)
                             {
                                 kill(getpid(), got_signal);
                                 got_signal = 0;
                             }
                             break;

        default:             if (!blocked)
                                 return TRUE;   /* exit! */
                             got_signal = sig;
#ifdef SIGPWR
                             if (sig != SIGPWR)
#endif
                                 got_int = TRUE;    /* break any loops */
                             break;
    }
    return FALSE;
}

/*
 * Check_win checks whether we have an interactive stdout.
 */
/* ARGSUSED */
    int
mch_check_win(argc, argv)
    int     argc;
    char    **argv;
{
#ifdef OS2
    /*
     * Store argv[0], may be used for $VIM.  Only use it if it is an absolute
     * name, mostly it's just "vim" and found in the path, which is unusable.
     */
    if (mch_isFullName(argv[0]))
        exe_name = vim_strsave((char_u *)argv[0]);
#endif
    if (isatty(1))
        return OK;
    return FAIL;
}

/*
 * Return TRUE if the input comes from a terminal, FALSE otherwise.
 */
    int
mch_input_isatty()
{
    if (isatty(read_cmd_fd))
        return TRUE;
    return FALSE;
}

#ifdef FEAT_X11

# if defined(HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY) && defined(HAVE_SYS_TIME_H) \
        && (defined(FEAT_XCLIPBOARD) || defined(FEAT_TITLE))

static void xopen_message __ARGS((struct timeval *tvp));

/*
 * Give a message about the elapsed time for opening the X window.
 */
    static void
xopen_message(tvp)
    struct timeval *tvp;        /* must contain start time */
{
    struct timeval  end_tv;

    /* Compute elapsed time. */
    gettimeofday(&end_tv, NULL);
    smsg((char_u *)_("Opening the X display took %ld msec"),
            (end_tv.tv_sec - tvp->tv_sec) * 1000L
                                   + (end_tv.tv_usec - tvp->tv_usec) / 1000L);
}
# endif
#endif

#if defined(FEAT_X11) && (defined(FEAT_TITLE) || defined(FEAT_XCLIPBOARD))
/*
 * A few functions shared by X11 title and clipboard code.
 */
static int x_error_handler __ARGS((Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *error_event));
static int x_error_check __ARGS((Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *error_event));
static int x_connect_to_server __ARGS((void));
static int test_x11_window __ARGS((Display *dpy));

static int      got_x_error = FALSE;

/*
 * X Error handler, otherwise X just exits!  (very rude) -- webb
 */
    static int
x_error_handler(dpy, error_event)
    Display     *dpy;
    XErrorEvent *error_event;
{
    XGetErrorText(dpy, error_event->error_code, (char *)IObuff, IOSIZE);
    STRCAT(IObuff, _("\nVim: Got X error\n"));

    /* We cannot print a message and continue, because no X calls are allowed
     * here (causes my system to hang).  Silently continuing might be an
     * alternative... */
    preserve_exit();                /* preserve files and exit */

    return 0;           /* NOTREACHED */
}

/*
 * Another X Error handler, just used to check for errors.
 */
/* ARGSUSED */
    static int
x_error_check(dpy, error_event)
    Display *dpy;
    XErrorEvent *error_event;
{
    got_x_error = TRUE;
    return 0;
}

#if defined(FEAT_X11) && defined(FEAT_XCLIPBOARD)
# if defined(HAVE_SETJMP_H)
/*
 * An X IO Error handler, used to catch error while opening the display.
 */
static int x_IOerror_check __ARGS((Display *dpy));

/* ARGSUSED */
    static int
x_IOerror_check(dpy)
    Display *dpy;
{
    /* This function should not return, it causes exit().  Longjump instead. */
    LONGJMP(lc_jump_env, 1);
    /*NOTREACHED*/
    return 0;
}
# endif

/*
 * An X IO Error handler, used to catch terminal errors.
 */
static int x_IOerror_handler __ARGS((Display *dpy));

/* ARGSUSED */
    static int
x_IOerror_handler(dpy)
    Display *dpy;
{
    xterm_dpy = NULL;
    x11_window = 0;
    x11_display = NULL;
    xterm_Shell = (Widget)0;

    /* This function should not return, it causes exit().  Longjump instead. */
    LONGJMP(x_jump_env, 1);
    /*NOTREACHED*/
    return 0;
}
#endif

/*
 * Return TRUE when connection to the X server is desired.
 */
    static int
x_connect_to_server()
{
    regmatch_T  regmatch;

#if defined(FEAT_CLIENTSERVER)
    if (x_force_connect)
        return TRUE;
#endif
    if (x_no_connect)
        return FALSE;

    /* Check for a match with "exclude:" from 'clipboard'. */
    if (clip_exclude_prog != NULL)
    {
        regmatch.rm_ic = FALSE;         /* Don't ignore case */
        regmatch.regprog = clip_exclude_prog;
        if (vim_regexec(&regmatch, T_NAME, (colnr_T)0))
            return FALSE;
    }
    return TRUE;
}

/*
 * Test if "dpy" and x11_window are valid by getting the window title.
 * I don't actually want it yet, so there may be a simpler call to use, but
 * this will cause the error handler x_error_check() to be called if anything
 * is wrong, such as the window pointer being invalid (as can happen when the
 * user changes his DISPLAY, but not his WINDOWID) -- webb
 */
    static int
test_x11_window(dpy)
    Display     *dpy;
{
    int                 (*old_handler)();
    XTextProperty       text_prop;

    old_handler = XSetErrorHandler(x_error_check);
    got_x_error = FALSE;
    if (XGetWMName(dpy, x11_window, &text_prop))
        XFree((void *)text_prop.value);
    XSync(dpy, False);
    (void)XSetErrorHandler(old_handler);

    if (p_verbose > 0 && got_x_error)
        verb_msg((char_u *)_("Testing the X display failed"));

    return (got_x_error ? FAIL : OK);
}
#endif

#ifdef FEAT_TITLE

#ifdef FEAT_X11

static int get_x11_thing __ARGS((int get_title, int test_only));

/*
 * try to get x11 window and display
 *
 * return FAIL for failure, OK otherwise
 */
    static int
get_x11_windis()
{
    char            *winid;
    static int      result = -1;
#define XD_NONE  0      /* x11_display not set here */
#define XD_HERE  1      /* x11_display opened here */
#define XD_GUI   2      /* x11_display used from gui.dpy */
#define XD_XTERM 3      /* x11_display used from xterm_dpy */
    static int      x11_display_from = XD_NONE;
    static int      did_set_error_handler = FALSE;

    if (!did_set_error_handler)
    {
        /* X just exits if it finds an error otherwise! */
        (void)XSetErrorHandler(x_error_handler);
        did_set_error_handler = TRUE;
    }

#if defined(FEAT_GUI_X11) || defined(FEAT_GUI_GTK)
    if (gui.in_use)
    {
        /*
         * If the X11 display was opened here before, for the window where Vim
         * was started, close that one now to avoid a memory leak.
         */
        if (x11_display_from == XD_HERE && x11_display != NULL)
        {
            XCloseDisplay(x11_display);
            x11_display_from = XD_NONE;
        }
        if (gui_get_x11_windis(&x11_window, &x11_display) == OK)
        {
            x11_display_from = XD_GUI;
            return OK;
        }
        x11_display = NULL;
        return FAIL;
    }
    else if (x11_display_from == XD_GUI)
    {
        /* GUI must have stopped somehow, clear x11_display */
        x11_window = 0;
        x11_display = NULL;
        x11_display_from = XD_NONE;
    }
#endif

    /* When started with the "-X" argument, don't try connecting. */
    if (!x_connect_to_server())
        return FAIL;

    /*
     * If WINDOWID not set, should try another method to find out
     * what the current window number is. The only code I know for
     * this is very complicated.
     * We assume that zero is invalid for WINDOWID.
     */
    if (x11_window == 0 && (winid = getenv("WINDOWID")) != NULL)
        x11_window = (Window)atol(winid);

#ifdef FEAT_XCLIPBOARD
    if (xterm_dpy != NULL && x11_window != 0)
    {
        /* We may have checked it already, but Gnome terminal can move us to
         * another window, so we need to check every time. */
        if (x11_display_from != XD_XTERM)
        {
            /*
             * If the X11 display was opened here before, for the window where
             * Vim was started, close that one now to avoid a memory leak.
             */
            if (x11_display_from == XD_HERE && x11_display != NULL)
                XCloseDisplay(x11_display);
            x11_display = xterm_dpy;
            x11_display_from = XD_XTERM;
        }
        if (test_x11_window(x11_display) == FAIL)
        {
            /* probably bad $WINDOWID */
            x11_window = 0;
            x11_display = NULL;
            x11_display_from = XD_NONE;
            return FAIL;
        }
        return OK;
    }
#endif

    if (x11_window == 0 || x11_display == NULL)
        result = -1;

    if (result != -1)       /* Have already been here and set this */
        return result;      /* Don't do all these X calls again */

    if (x11_window != 0 && x11_display == NULL)
    {
#ifdef SET_SIG_ALARM
        RETSIGTYPE (*sig_save)();
#endif
#if defined(HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY) && defined(HAVE_SYS_TIME_H)
        struct timeval  start_tv;

        if (p_verbose > 0)
            gettimeofday(&start_tv, NULL);
#endif

#ifdef SET_SIG_ALARM
        /*
         * Opening the Display may hang if the DISPLAY setting is wrong, or
         * the network connection is bad.  Set an alarm timer to get out.
         */
        sig_alarm_called = FALSE;
        sig_save = (RETSIGTYPE (*)())signal(SIGALRM,
                                                 (RETSIGTYPE (*)())sig_alarm);
        alarm(2);
#endif
        x11_display = XOpenDisplay(NULL);

#ifdef SET_SIG_ALARM
        alarm(0);
        signal(SIGALRM, (RETSIGTYPE (*)())sig_save);
        if (p_verbose > 0 && sig_alarm_called)
            verb_msg((char_u *)_("Opening the X display timed out"));
#endif
        if (x11_display != NULL)
        {
# if defined(HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY) && defined(HAVE_SYS_TIME_H)
            if (p_verbose > 0)
            {
                verbose_enter();
                xopen_message(&start_tv);
                verbose_leave();
            }
# endif
            if (test_x11_window(x11_display) == FAIL)
            {
                /* Maybe window id is bad */
                x11_window = 0;
                XCloseDisplay(x11_display);
                x11_display = NULL;
            }
            else
                x11_display_from = XD_HERE;
        }
    }
    if (x11_window == 0 || x11_display == NULL)
        return (result = FAIL);
    return (result = OK);
}

/*
 * Determine original x11 Window Title
 */
    static int
get_x11_title(test_only)
    int         test_only;
{
    return get_x11_thing(TRUE, test_only);
}

/*
 * Determine original x11 Window icon
 */
    static int
get_x11_icon(test_only)
    int         test_only;
{
    int         retval = FALSE;

    retval = get_x11_thing(FALSE, test_only);

    /* could not get old icon, use terminal name */
    if (oldicon == NULL && !test_only)
    {
        if (STRNCMP(T_NAME, "builtin_", 8) == 0)
            oldicon = T_NAME + 8;
        else
            oldicon = T_NAME;
    }

    return retval;
}

    static int
get_x11_thing(get_title, test_only)
    int         get_title;      /* get title string */
    int         test_only;
{
    XTextProperty       text_prop;
    int                 retval = FALSE;
    Status              status;

    if (get_x11_windis() == OK)
    {
        /* Get window/icon name if any */
        if (get_title)
            status = XGetWMName(x11_display, x11_window, &text_prop);
        else
            status = XGetWMIconName(x11_display, x11_window, &text_prop);

        /*
         * If terminal is xterm, then x11_window may be a child window of the
         * outer xterm window that actually contains the window/icon name, so
         * keep traversing up the tree until a window with a title/icon is
         * found.
         */
        /* Previously this was only done for xterm and alikes.  I don't see a
         * reason why it would fail for other terminal emulators.
         * if (term_is_xterm) */
        {
            Window          root;
            Window          parent;
            Window          win = x11_window;
            Window         *children;
            unsigned int    num_children;

            while (!status || text_prop.value == NULL)
            {
                if (!XQueryTree(x11_display, win, &root, &parent, &children,
                                                               &num_children))
                    break;
                if (children)
                    XFree((void *)children);
                if (parent == root || parent == 0)
                    break;

                win = parent;
                if (get_title)
                    status = XGetWMName(x11_display, win, &text_prop);
                else
                    status = XGetWMIconName(x11_display, win, &text_prop);
            }
        }
        if (status && text_prop.value != NULL)
        {
            retval = TRUE;
            if (!test_only)
            {
#ifdef FEAT_XFONTSET
                if (text_prop.encoding == XA_STRING)
                {
#endif
                    if (get_title)
                        oldtitle = vim_strsave((char_u *)text_prop.value);
                    else
                        oldicon = vim_strsave((char_u *)text_prop.value);
#ifdef FEAT_XFONTSET
                }
                else
                {
                    char    **cl;
                    Status  transform_status;
                    int     n = 0;

                    transform_status = XmbTextPropertyToTextList(x11_display,
                                                                 &text_prop,
                                                                 &cl, &n);
                    if (transform_status >= Success && n > 0 && cl[0])
                    {
                        if (get_title)
                            oldtitle = vim_strsave((char_u *) cl[0]);
                        else
                            oldicon = vim_strsave((char_u *) cl[0]);
                        XFreeStringList(cl);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if (get_title)
                            oldtitle = vim_strsave((char_u *)text_prop.value);
                        else
                            oldicon = vim_strsave((char_u *)text_prop.value);
                    }
                }
#endif
            }
            XFree((void *)text_prop.value);
        }
    }
    return retval;
}

/* Are Xutf8 functions available?  Avoid error from old compilers. */
#if defined(X_HAVE_UTF8_STRING) && defined(FEAT_MBYTE)
# if X_HAVE_UTF8_STRING
#  define USE_UTF8_STRING
# endif
#endif

/*
 * Set x11 Window Title
 *
 * get_x11_windis() must be called before this and have returned OK
 */
    static void
set_x11_title(title)
    char_u      *title;
{
        /* XmbSetWMProperties() and Xutf8SetWMProperties() should use a STRING
         * when possible, COMPOUND_TEXT otherwise.  COMPOUND_TEXT isn't
         * supported everywhere and STRING doesn't work for multi-byte titles.
         */
#ifdef USE_UTF8_STRING
    if (enc_utf8)
        Xutf8SetWMProperties(x11_display, x11_window, (const char *)title,
                                             NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    else
#endif
    {
#if XtSpecificationRelease >= 4
# ifdef FEAT_XFONTSET
        XmbSetWMProperties(x11_display, x11_window, (const char *)title,
                                             NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
# else
        XTextProperty   text_prop;
        char            *c_title = (char *)title;

        /* directly from example 3-18 "basicwin" of Xlib Programming Manual */
        (void)XStringListToTextProperty(&c_title, 1, &text_prop);
        XSetWMProperties(x11_display, x11_window, &text_prop,
                                             NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
# endif
#else
        XStoreName(x11_display, x11_window, (char *)title);
#endif
    }
    XFlush(x11_display);
}

/*
 * Set x11 Window icon
 *
 * get_x11_windis() must be called before this and have returned OK
 */
    static void
set_x11_icon(icon)
    char_u      *icon;
{
    /* See above for comments about using X*SetWMProperties(). */
#ifdef USE_UTF8_STRING
    if (enc_utf8)
        Xutf8SetWMProperties(x11_display, x11_window, NULL, (const char *)icon,
                                                   NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    else
#endif
    {
#if XtSpecificationRelease >= 4
# ifdef FEAT_XFONTSET
        XmbSetWMProperties(x11_display, x11_window, NULL, (const char *)icon,
                                                   NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
# else
        XTextProperty   text_prop;
        char            *c_icon = (char *)icon;

        (void)XStringListToTextProperty(&c_icon, 1, &text_prop);
        XSetWMProperties(x11_display, x11_window, NULL, &text_prop,
                                                   NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
# endif
#else
        XSetIconName(x11_display, x11_window, (char *)icon);
#endif
    }
    XFlush(x11_display);
}

#else  /* FEAT_X11 */

/*ARGSUSED*/
    static int
get_x11_title(test_only)
    int     test_only;
{
    return FALSE;
}

    static int
get_x11_icon(test_only)
    int     test_only;
{
    if (!test_only)
    {
        if (STRNCMP(T_NAME, "builtin_", 8) == 0)
            oldicon = T_NAME + 8;
        else
            oldicon = T_NAME;
    }
    return FALSE;
}

#endif /* FEAT_X11 */

    int
mch_can_restore_title()
{
    return get_x11_title(TRUE);
}

    int
mch_can_restore_icon()
{
    return get_x11_icon(TRUE);
}

/*
 * Set the window title and icon.
 */
    void
mch_settitle(title, icon)
    char_u *title;
    char_u *icon;
{
    int         type = 0;
    static int  recursive = 0;

    if (T_NAME == NULL)     /* no terminal name (yet) */
        return;
    if (title == NULL && icon == NULL)      /* nothing to do */
        return;

    /* When one of the X11 functions causes a deadly signal, we get here again
     * recursively.  Avoid hanging then (something is probably locked). */
    if (recursive)
        return;
    ++recursive;

    /*
     * if the window ID and the display is known, we may use X11 calls
     */
#ifdef FEAT_X11
    if (get_x11_windis() == OK)
        type = 1;
#else
# if defined(FEAT_GUI_PHOTON) || defined(FEAT_GUI_MAC) \
        || defined(FEAT_GUI_GTK) || defined(FEAT_GUI_MACVIM)
    if (gui.in_use)
        type = 1;
# endif
#endif

    /*
     * Note: if "t_TS" is set, title is set with escape sequence rather
     *       than x11 calls, because the x11 calls don't always work
     */
    if ((type || *T_TS != NUL) && title != NULL)
    {
        if (oldtitle == NULL
#ifdef FEAT_GUI
                && !gui.in_use
#endif
                )               /* first call but not in GUI, save title */
            (void)get_x11_title(FALSE);

        if (*T_TS != NUL)               /* it's OK if t_fs is empty */
            term_settitle(title);
#ifdef FEAT_X11
        else
# ifdef FEAT_GUI_GTK
        if (!gui.in_use)                /* don't do this if GTK+ is running */
# endif
            set_x11_title(title);               /* x11 */
#endif
#if defined(FEAT_GUI_GTK) \
        || defined(FEAT_GUI_PHOTON) || defined(FEAT_GUI_MAC) \
        || defined(FEAT_GUI_MACVIM)
        else
            gui_mch_settitle(title, icon);
#endif
        did_set_title = TRUE;
    }

    if ((type || *T_CIS != NUL) && icon != NULL)
    {
        if (oldicon == NULL
#ifdef FEAT_GUI
                && !gui.in_use
#endif
                )               /* first call, save icon */
            get_x11_icon(FALSE);

        if (*T_CIS != NUL)
        {
            out_str(T_CIS);                     /* set icon start */
            out_str_nf(icon);
            out_str(T_CIE);                     /* set icon end */
            out_flush();
        }
#ifdef FEAT_X11
        else
# ifdef FEAT_GUI_GTK
        if (!gui.in_use)                /* don't do this if GTK+ is running */
# endif
            set_x11_icon(icon);                 /* x11 */
#endif
        did_set_icon = TRUE;
    }
    --recursive;
}

/*
 * Restore the window/icon title.
 * "which" is one of:
 *  1  only restore title
 *  2  only restore icon
 *  3  restore title and icon
 */
    void
mch_restore_title(which)
    int which;
{
    /* only restore the title or icon when it has been set */
    mch_settitle(((which & 1) && did_set_title) ?
                        (oldtitle ? oldtitle : p_titleold) : NULL,
                              ((which & 2) && did_set_icon) ? oldicon : NULL);
}

#endif /* FEAT_TITLE */

/*
 * Return TRUE if "name" looks like some xterm name.
 * Seiichi Sato mentioned that "mlterm" works like xterm.
 */
    int
vim_is_xterm(name)
    char_u *name;
{
    if (name == NULL)
        return FALSE;
    return (STRNICMP(name, "xterm", 5) == 0
                || STRNICMP(name, "nxterm", 6) == 0
                || STRNICMP(name, "kterm", 5) == 0
                || STRNICMP(name, "mlterm", 6) == 0
                || STRNICMP(name, "rxvt", 4) == 0
                || STRCMP(name, "builtin_xterm") == 0);
}

#if defined(FEAT_MOUSE_TTY) || defined(PROTO)
/*
 * Return non-zero when using an xterm mouse, according to 'ttymouse'.
 * Return 1 for "xterm".
 * Return 2 for "xterm2".
 */
    int
use_xterm_mouse()
{
    if (ttym_flags == TTYM_XTERM2)
        return 2;
    if (ttym_flags == TTYM_XTERM)
        return 1;
    return 0;
}
#endif

    int
vim_is_iris(name)
    char_u  *name;
{
    if (name == NULL)
        return FALSE;
    return (STRNICMP(name, "iris-ansi", 9) == 0
            || STRCMP(name, "builtin_iris-ansi") == 0);
}

    int
vim_is_vt300(name)
    char_u  *name;
{
    if (name == NULL)
        return FALSE;          /* actually all ANSI comp. terminals should be here  */
    /* catch VT100 - VT5xx */
    return ((STRNICMP(name, "vt", 2) == 0
                && vim_strchr((char_u *)"12345", name[2]) != NULL)
            || STRCMP(name, "builtin_vt320") == 0);
}

/*
 * Return TRUE if "name" is a terminal for which 'ttyfast' should be set.
 * This should include all windowed terminal emulators.
 */
    int
vim_is_fastterm(name)
    char_u  *name;
{
    if (name == NULL)
        return FALSE;
    if (vim_is_xterm(name) || vim_is_vt300(name) || vim_is_iris(name))
        return TRUE;
    return (   STRNICMP(name, "hpterm", 6) == 0
            || STRNICMP(name, "sun-cmd", 7) == 0
            || STRNICMP(name, "screen", 6) == 0
            || STRNICMP(name, "dtterm", 6) == 0);
}

/*
 * Insert user name in s[len].
 * Return OK if a name found.
 */
    int
mch_get_user_name(s, len)
    char_u  *s;
    int     len;
{
#ifdef VMS
    vim_strncpy(s, (char_u *)cuserid(NULL), len - 1);
    return OK;
#else
    return mch_get_uname(getuid(), s, len);
#endif
}

/*
 * Insert user name for "uid" in s[len].
 * Return OK if a name found.
 */
    int
mch_get_uname(uid, s, len)
    uid_t       uid;
    char_u      *s;
    int         len;
{
#if defined(HAVE_PWD_H) && defined(HAVE_GETPWUID)
    struct passwd   *pw;

    if ((pw = getpwuid(uid)) != NULL
            && pw->pw_name != NULL && *(pw->pw_name) != NUL)
    {
        vim_strncpy(s, (char_u *)pw->pw_name, len - 1);
        return OK;
    }
#endif
    sprintf((char *)s, "%d", (int)uid);     /* assumes s is long enough */
    return FAIL;                            /* a number is not a name */
}

/*
 * Insert host name is s[len].
 */

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_UTSNAME_H
    void
mch_get_host_name(s, len)
    char_u  *s;
    int     len;
{
    struct utsname vutsname;

    if (uname(&vutsname) < 0)
        *s = NUL;
    else
        vim_strncpy(s, (char_u *)vutsname.nodename, len - 1);
}
#else /* HAVE_SYS_UTSNAME_H */

# ifdef HAVE_SYS_SYSTEMINFO_H
#  define gethostname(nam, len) sysinfo(SI_HOSTNAME, nam, len)
# endif

    void
mch_get_host_name(s, len)
    char_u  *s;
    int     len;
{
# ifdef VAXC
    vaxc$gethostname((char *)s, len);
# else
    gethostname((char *)s, len);
# endif
    s[len - 1] = NUL;   /* make sure it's terminated */
}
#endif /* HAVE_SYS_UTSNAME_H */

/*
 * return process ID
 */
    long
mch_get_pid()
{
    return (long)getpid();
}

#if !defined(HAVE_STRERROR) && defined(USE_GETCWD)
static char *strerror __ARGS((int));

    static char *
strerror(err)
    int err;
{
    extern int      sys_nerr;
    extern char     *sys_errlist[];
    static char     er[20];

    if (err > 0 && err < sys_nerr)
        return (sys_errlist[err]);
    sprintf(er, "Error %d", err);
    return er;
}
#endif

/*
 * Get name of current directory into buffer 'buf' of length 'len' bytes.
 * Return OK for success, FAIL for failure.
 */
    int
mch_dirname(buf, len)
    char_u  *buf;
    int     len;
{
#if defined(USE_GETCWD)
    if (getcwd((char *)buf, len) == NULL)
    {
        STRCPY(buf, strerror(errno));
        return FAIL;
    }
    return OK;
#else
    return (getwd((char *)buf) != NULL ? OK : FAIL);
#endif
}

#if defined(OS2) || defined(PROTO)
/*
 * Replace all slashes by backslashes.
 * When 'shellslash' set do it the other way around.
 */
    void
slash_adjust(p)
    char_u  *p;
{
    while (*p)
    {
        if (*p == psepcN)
            *p = psepc;
        mb_ptr_adv(p);
    }
}
#endif

/*
 * Get absolute file name into "buf[len]".
 *
 * return FAIL for failure, OK for success
 */
    int
mch_FullName(fname, buf, len, force)
    char_u      *fname, *buf;
    int         len;
    int         force;          /* also expand when already absolute path */
{
    int         l;
#ifdef OS2
    int         only_drive;     /* file name is only a drive letter */
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_FCHDIR
    int         fd = -1;
    static int  dont_fchdir = FALSE;    /* TRUE when fchdir() doesn't work */
#endif
    char_u      olddir[MAXPATHL];
    char_u      *p;
    int         retval = OK;

#ifdef VMS
    fname = vms_fixfilename(fname);
#endif

#ifdef __CYGWIN__
    /*
     * This helps for when "/etc/hosts" is a symlink to "c:/something/hosts".
     */
    cygwin_conv_to_posix_path(fname, fname);
#endif

    /* expand it if forced or not an absolute path */
    if (force || !mch_isFullName(fname))
    {
        /*
         * If the file name has a path, change to that directory for a moment,
         * and then do the getwd() (and get back to where we were).
         * This will get the correct path name with "../" things.
         */
#ifdef OS2
        only_drive = 0;
        if (((p = vim_strrchr(fname, '/')) != NULL)
                || ((p = vim_strrchr(fname, '\\')) != NULL)
                || (((p = vim_strchr(fname,  ':')) != NULL) && ++only_drive))
#else
        if ((p = vim_strrchr(fname, '/')) != NULL)
#endif
        {
#ifdef HAVE_FCHDIR
            /*
             * Use fchdir() if possible, it's said to be faster and more
             * reliable.  But on SunOS 4 it might not work.  Check this by
             * doing a fchdir() right now.
             */
            if (!dont_fchdir)
            {
                fd = open(".", O_RDONLY | O_EXTRA, 0);
                if (fd >= 0 && fchdir(fd) < 0)
                {
                    close(fd);
                    fd = -1;
                    dont_fchdir = TRUE;     /* don't try again */
                }
            }
#endif

            /* Only change directory when we are sure we can return to where
             * we are now.  After doing "su" chdir(".") might not work. */
            if (
#ifdef HAVE_FCHDIR
                fd < 0 &&
#endif
                        (mch_dirname(olddir, MAXPATHL) == FAIL
                                           || mch_chdir((char *)olddir) != 0))
            {
                p = NULL;       /* can't get current dir: don't chdir */
                retval = FAIL;
            }
            else
            {
#ifdef OS2
                /*
                 * compensate for case where ':' from "D:" was the only
                 * path separator detected in the file name; the _next_
                 * character has to be removed, and then restored later.
                 */
                if (only_drive)
                    p++;
#endif
                /* The directory is copied into buf[], to be able to remove
                 * the file name without changing it (could be a string in
                 * read-only memory) */
                if (p - fname >= len)
                    retval = FAIL;
                else
                {
                    vim_strncpy(buf, fname, p - fname);
                    if (mch_chdir((char *)buf))
                        retval = FAIL;
                    else
                        fname = p + 1;
                    *buf = NUL;
                }
#ifdef OS2
                if (only_drive)
                {
                    p--;
                    if (retval != FAIL)
                        fname--;
                }
#endif
            }
        }
        if (mch_dirname(buf, len) == FAIL)
        {
            retval = FAIL;
            *buf = NUL;
        }
        if (p != NULL)
        {
#ifdef HAVE_FCHDIR
            if (fd >= 0)
            {
                l = fchdir(fd);
                close(fd);
            }
            else
#endif
                l = mch_chdir((char *)olddir);
            if (l != 0)
                EMSG(_(e_prev_dir));
        }

        l = STRLEN(buf);
        if (l >= len)
            retval = FAIL;
#ifndef VMS
        else
        {
            if (l > 0 && buf[l - 1] != '/' && *fname != NUL
                                                   && STRCMP(fname, ".") != 0)
                STRCAT(buf, "/");
        }
#endif
    }

    /* Catch file names which are too long. */
    if (retval == FAIL || STRLEN(buf) + STRLEN(fname) >= len)
        return FAIL;

    /* Do not append ".", "/dir/." is equal to "/dir". */
    if (STRCMP(fname, ".") != 0)
        STRCAT(buf, fname);

    return OK;
}

/*
 * Return TRUE if "fname" does not depend on the current directory.
 */
    int
mch_isFullName(fname)
    char_u      *fname;
{
#ifdef __EMX__
    return _fnisabs(fname);
#else
# ifdef VMS
    return ( fname[0] == '/'           || fname[0] == '.'           ||
             strchr((char *)fname,':') || strchr((char *)fname,'"') ||
            (strchr((char *)fname,'[') && strchr((char *)fname,']'))||
            (strchr((char *)fname,'<') && strchr((char *)fname,'>'))   );
# else
    return (*fname == '/' || *fname == '~');
# endif
#endif
}

#if defined(USE_FNAME_CASE) || defined(PROTO)
/*
 * Set the case of the file name, if it already exists.  This will cause the
 * file name to remain exactly the same.
 * Only required for file systems where case is ignored and preserved.
 */
/*ARGSUSED*/
    void
fname_case(name, len)
    char_u      *name;
    int         len;        /* buffer size, only used when name gets longer */
{
    struct stat st;
    char_u      *slash, *tail;
    DIR         *dirp;
    struct dirent *dp;

    if (lstat((char *)name, &st) >= 0)
    {
        /* Open the directory where the file is located. */
        slash = vim_strrchr(name, '/');
        if (slash == NULL)
        {
            dirp = opendir(".");
            tail = name;
        }
        else
        {
            *slash = NUL;
            dirp = opendir((char *)name);
            *slash = '/';
            tail = slash + 1;
        }

        if (dirp != NULL)
        {
            while ((dp = readdir(dirp)) != NULL)
            {
                /* Only accept names that differ in case and are the same byte
                 * length. TODO: accept different length name. */
                if (STRICMP(tail, dp->d_name) == 0
                        && STRLEN(tail) == STRLEN(dp->d_name))
                {
                    char_u      newname[MAXPATHL + 1];
                    struct stat st2;

                    /* Verify the inode is equal. */
                    vim_strncpy(newname, name, MAXPATHL);
                    vim_strncpy(newname + (tail - name), (char_u *)dp->d_name,
                                                    MAXPATHL - (tail - name));
                    if (lstat((char *)newname, &st2) >= 0
                            && st.st_ino == st2.st_ino
                            && st.st_dev == st2.st_dev)
                    {
                        STRCPY(tail, dp->d_name);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }

            closedir(dirp);
        }
    }
}
#endif

/*
 * Get file permissions for 'name'.
 * Returns -1 when it doesn't exist.
 */
    long
mch_getperm(name)
    char_u *name;
{
    struct stat statb;

    /* Keep the #ifdef outside of stat(), it may be a macro. */
#ifdef VMS
    if (stat((char *)vms_fixfilename(name), &statb))
#else
    if (stat((char *)name, &statb))
#endif
        return -1;
#ifdef __INTERIX
    /* The top bit makes the value negative, which means the file doesn't
     * exist.  Remove the bit, we don't use it. */
    return statb.st_mode & ~S_ADDACE;
#else
    return statb.st_mode;
#endif
}

/*
 * set file permission for 'name' to 'perm'
 *
 * return FAIL for failure, OK otherwise
 */
    int
mch_setperm(name, perm)
    char_u  *name;
    long    perm;
{
    return (chmod((char *)
#ifdef VMS
                    vms_fixfilename(name),
#else
                    name,
#endif
                    (mode_t)perm) == 0 ? OK : FAIL);
}

#if defined(HAVE_ACL) || defined(PROTO)
# ifdef HAVE_SYS_ACL_H
#  include <sys/acl.h>
# endif
# ifdef HAVE_SYS_ACCESS_H
#  include <sys/access.h>
# endif

# ifdef HAVE_SOLARIS_ACL
typedef struct vim_acl_solaris_T {
    int acl_cnt;
    aclent_t *acl_entry;
} vim_acl_solaris_T;
# endif

/*
 * Return a pointer to the ACL of file "fname" in allocated memory.
 * Return NULL if the ACL is not available for whatever reason.
 */
    vim_acl_T
mch_get_acl(fname)
    char_u      *fname;
{
    vim_acl_T   ret = NULL;
#ifdef HAVE_POSIX_ACL
    ret = (vim_acl_T)acl_get_file((char *)fname, ACL_TYPE_ACCESS);
#else
#ifdef HAVE_SOLARIS_ACL
    vim_acl_solaris_T   *aclent;

    aclent = malloc(sizeof(vim_acl_solaris_T));
    if ((aclent->acl_cnt = acl((char *)fname, GETACLCNT, 0, NULL)) < 0)
    {
        free(aclent);
        return NULL;
    }
    aclent->acl_entry = malloc(aclent->acl_cnt * sizeof(aclent_t));
    if (acl((char *)fname, GETACL, aclent->acl_cnt, aclent->acl_entry) < 0)
    {
        free(aclent->acl_entry);
        free(aclent);
        return NULL;
    }
    ret = (vim_acl_T)aclent;
#else
#if defined(HAVE_AIX_ACL)
    int         aclsize;
    struct acl *aclent;

    aclsize = sizeof(struct acl);
    aclent = malloc(aclsize);
    if (statacl((char *)fname, STX_NORMAL, aclent, aclsize) < 0)
    {
        if (errno == ENOSPC)
        {
            aclsize = aclent->acl_len;
            aclent = realloc(aclent, aclsize);
            if (statacl((char *)fname, STX_NORMAL, aclent, aclsize) < 0)
            {
                free(aclent);
                return NULL;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            free(aclent);
            return NULL;
        }
    }
    ret = (vim_acl_T)aclent;
#endif /* HAVE_AIX_ACL */
#endif /* HAVE_SOLARIS_ACL */
#endif /* HAVE_POSIX_ACL */
    return ret;
}

/*
 * Set the ACL of file "fname" to "acl" (unless it's NULL).
 */
    void
mch_set_acl(fname, aclent)
    char_u      *fname;
    vim_acl_T   aclent;
{
    if (aclent == NULL)
        return;
#ifdef HAVE_POSIX_ACL
    acl_set_file((char *)fname, ACL_TYPE_ACCESS, (acl_t)aclent);
#else
#ifdef HAVE_SOLARIS_ACL
    acl((char *)fname, SETACL, ((vim_acl_solaris_T *)aclent)->acl_cnt,
            ((vim_acl_solaris_T *)aclent)->acl_entry);
#else
#ifdef HAVE_AIX_ACL
    chacl((char *)fname, aclent, ((struct acl *)aclent)->acl_len);
#endif /* HAVE_AIX_ACL */
#endif /* HAVE_SOLARIS_ACL */
#endif /* HAVE_POSIX_ACL */
}

    void
mch_free_acl(aclent)
    vim_acl_T   aclent;
{
    if (aclent == NULL)
        return;
#ifdef HAVE_POSIX_ACL
    acl_free((acl_t)aclent);
#else
#ifdef HAVE_SOLARIS_ACL
    free(((vim_acl_solaris_T *)aclent)->acl_entry);
    free(aclent);
#else
#ifdef HAVE_AIX_ACL
    free(aclent);
#endif /* HAVE_AIX_ACL */
#endif /* HAVE_SOLARIS_ACL */
#endif /* HAVE_POSIX_ACL */
}
#endif

/*
 * Set hidden flag for "name".
 */
/* ARGSUSED */
    void
mch_hide(name)
    char_u      *name;
{
    /* can't hide a file */
}

/*
 * return TRUE if "name" is a directory
 * return FALSE if "name" is not a directory
 * return FALSE for error
 */
    int
mch_isdir(name)
    char_u *name;
{
    struct stat statb;

    if (*name == NUL)       /* Some stat()s don't flag "" as an error. */
        return FALSE;
    if (stat((char *)name, &statb))
        return FALSE;
#ifdef _POSIX_SOURCE
    return (S_ISDIR(statb.st_mode) ? TRUE : FALSE);
#else
    return ((statb.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR ? TRUE : FALSE);
#endif
}

static int executable_file __ARGS((char_u *name));

/*
 * Return 1 if "name" is an executable file, 0 if not or it doesn't exist.
 */
    static int
executable_file(name)
    char_u      *name;
{
    struct stat st;

    if (stat((char *)name, &st))
        return 0;
    return S_ISREG(st.st_mode) && mch_access((char *)name, X_OK) == 0;
}

/*
 * Return 1 if "name" can be found in $PATH and executed, 0 if not.
 * Return -1 if unknown.
 */
    int
mch_can_exe(name)
    char_u      *name;
{
    char_u      *buf;
    char_u      *p, *e;
    int         retval;

    /* If it's an absolute or relative path don't need to use $PATH. */
    if (mch_isFullName(name) || (name[0] == '.' && (name[1] == '/'
                                      || (name[1] == '.' && name[2] == '/'))))
        return executable_file(name);

    p = (char_u *)getenv("PATH");
    if (p == NULL || *p == NUL)
        return -1;
    buf = alloc((unsigned)(STRLEN(name) + STRLEN(p) + 2));
    if (buf == NULL)
        return -1;

    /*
     * Walk through all entries in $PATH to check if "name" exists there and
     * is an executable file.
     */
    for (;;)
    {
        e = (char_u *)strchr((char *)p, ':');
        if (e == NULL)
            e = p + STRLEN(p);
        if (e - p <= 1)         /* empty entry means current dir */
            STRCPY(buf, "./");
        else
        {
            vim_strncpy(buf, p, e - p);
            add_pathsep(buf);
        }
        STRCAT(buf, name);
        retval = executable_file(buf);
        if (retval == 1)
            break;

        if (*e != ':')
            break;
        p = e + 1;
    }

    vim_free(buf);
    return retval;
}

/*
 * Check what "name" is:
 * NODE_NORMAL: file or directory (or doesn't exist)
 * NODE_WRITABLE: writable device, socket, fifo, etc.
 * NODE_OTHER: non-writable things
 */
    int
mch_nodetype(name)
    char_u      *name;
{
    struct stat st;

    if (stat((char *)name, &st))
        return NODE_NORMAL;
    if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
        return NODE_NORMAL;
#ifndef OS2
    if (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode))    /* block device isn't writable */
        return NODE_OTHER;
#endif
    /* Everything else is writable? */
    return NODE_WRITABLE;
}

    void
mch_early_init()
{
#ifdef HAVE_CHECK_STACK_GROWTH
    int                 i;

    check_stack_growth((char *)&i);

# ifdef HAVE_STACK_LIMIT
    get_stack_limit();
# endif

#endif

    /*
     * Setup an alternative stack for signals.  Helps to catch signals when
     * running out of stack space.
     * Use of sigaltstack() is preferred, it's more portable.
     * Ignore any errors.
     */
#if defined(HAVE_SIGALTSTACK) || defined(HAVE_SIGSTACK)
    signal_stack = malloc(SIGSTKSZ);
    init_signal_stack();
#endif
}

#if defined(EXITFREE) || defined(PROTO)
    void
mch_free_mem()
{
# if defined(FEAT_CLIPBOARD) && defined(FEAT_X11)
    if (clip_star.owned)
        clip_lose_selection(&clip_star);
    if (clip_plus.owned)
        clip_lose_selection(&clip_plus);
# endif
# if (defined(FEAT_X11) && defined(FEAT_XCLIPBOARD)) || defined(PROTO)
    if (xterm_Shell != (Widget)0)
        XtDestroyWidget(xterm_Shell);
    if (xterm_dpy != NULL)
        XtCloseDisplay(xterm_dpy);
    if (app_context != (XtAppContext)NULL)
        XtDestroyApplicationContext(app_context);
# endif
# ifdef FEAT_X11
    if (x11_display != NULL && x11_display != xterm_dpy)
        XCloseDisplay(x11_display);
# endif
# if defined(HAVE_SIGALTSTACK) || defined(HAVE_SIGSTACK)
    vim_free(signal_stack);
    signal_stack = NULL;
# endif
# ifdef FEAT_TITLE
    vim_free(oldtitle);
    vim_free(oldicon);
# endif
}
#endif

static void exit_scroll __ARGS((void));

/*
 * Output a newline when exiting.
 * Make sure the newline goes to the same stream as the text.
 */
    static void
exit_scroll()
{
    if (silent_mode)
        return;
    if (newline_on_exit || msg_didout)
    {
        if (msg_use_printf())
        {
            if (info_message)
                mch_msg("\n");
            else
                mch_errmsg("\r\n");
        }
        else
            out_char('\n');
    }
    else
    {
        restore_cterm_colors();         /* get original colors back */
        msg_clr_eos_force();            /* clear the rest of the display */
        windgoto((int)Rows - 1, 0);     /* may have moved the cursor */
    }
}

    void
mch_exit(r)
    int r;
{
    exiting = TRUE;

#if defined(FEAT_X11) && defined(FEAT_CLIPBOARD)
    x11_export_final_selection();
#endif

#ifdef FEAT_GUI
    if (!gui.in_use)
#endif
    {
        settmode(TMODE_COOK);
#ifdef FEAT_TITLE
        mch_restore_title(3);   /* restore xterm title and icon name */
#endif
        /*
         * When t_ti is not empty but it doesn't cause swapping terminal
         * pages, need to output a newline when msg_didout is set.  But when
         * t_ti does swap pages it should not go to the shell page.  Do this
         * before stoptermcap().
         */
        if (swapping_screen() && !newline_on_exit)
            exit_scroll();

        /* Stop termcap: May need to check for T_CRV response, which
         * requires RAW mode. */
        stoptermcap();

        /*
         * A newline is only required after a message in the alternate screen.
         * This is set to TRUE by wait_return().
         */
        if (!swapping_screen() || newline_on_exit)
            exit_scroll();

        /* Cursor may have been switched off without calling starttermcap()
         * when doing "vim -u vimrc" and vimrc contains ":q". */
        if (full_screen)
            cursor_on();
    }
    out_flush();
    ml_close_all(TRUE);         /* remove all memfiles */
    may_core_dump();
#ifdef FEAT_GUI
    if (gui.in_use)
        gui_exit(r);
#endif

#ifdef MACOS_CONVERT
    mac_conv_cleanup();
#endif

#ifdef __QNX__
    /* A core dump won't be created if the signal handler
     * doesn't return, so we can't call exit() */
    if (deadly_signal != 0)
        return;
#endif

#ifdef FEAT_NETBEANS_INTG
    if (usingNetbeans)
        netbeans_send_disconnect();
#endif

#ifdef EXITFREE
    free_all_mem();
#endif

    exit(r);
}

    static void
may_core_dump()
{
    if (deadly_signal != 0)
    {
        signal(deadly_signal, SIG_DFL);
        kill(getpid(), deadly_signal);  /* Die using the signal we caught */
    }
}

#ifndef VMS

    void
mch_settmode(tmode)
    int         tmode;
{
    static int first = TRUE;

    /* Why is NeXT excluded here (and not in os_unixx.h)? */
#if defined(ECHOE) && defined(ICANON) && (defined(HAVE_TERMIO_H) || defined(HAVE_TERMIOS_H)) && !defined(__NeXT__)
    /*
     * for "new" tty systems
     */
# ifdef HAVE_TERMIOS_H
    static struct termios told;
           struct termios tnew;
# else
    static struct termio told;
           struct termio tnew;
# endif

    if (first)
    {
        first = FALSE;
# if defined(HAVE_TERMIOS_H)
        tcgetattr(read_cmd_fd, &told);
# else
        ioctl(read_cmd_fd, TCGETA, &told);
# endif
    }

    tnew = told;
    if (tmode == TMODE_RAW)
    {
        /*
         * ~ICRNL enables typing ^V^M
         */
        tnew.c_iflag &= ~ICRNL;
        tnew.c_lflag &= ~(ICANON | ECHO | ISIG | ECHOE
# if defined(IEXTEN) && !defined(__MINT__)
                    | IEXTEN        /* IEXTEN enables typing ^V on SOLARIS */
                                    /* but it breaks function keys on MINT */
# endif
                                );
# ifdef ONLCR       /* don't map NL -> CR NL, we do it ourselves */
        tnew.c_oflag &= ~ONLCR;
# endif
        tnew.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;            /* return after 1 char */
        tnew.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;           /* don't wait */
    }
    else if (tmode == TMODE_SLEEP)
        tnew.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO);

# if defined(HAVE_TERMIOS_H)
    {
        int     n = 10;

        /* A signal may cause tcsetattr() to fail (e.g., SIGCONT).  Retry a
         * few times. */
        while (tcsetattr(read_cmd_fd, TCSANOW, &tnew) == -1
                                                   && errno == EINTR && n > 0)
            --n;
    }
# else
    ioctl(read_cmd_fd, TCSETA, &tnew);
# endif

#else

    /*
     * for "old" tty systems
     */
# ifndef TIOCSETN
#  define TIOCSETN TIOCSETP     /* for hpux 9.0 */
# endif
    static struct sgttyb ttybold;
           struct sgttyb ttybnew;

    if (first)
    {
        first = FALSE;
        ioctl(read_cmd_fd, TIOCGETP, &ttybold);
    }

    ttybnew = ttybold;
    if (tmode == TMODE_RAW)
    {
        ttybnew.sg_flags &= ~(CRMOD | ECHO);
        ttybnew.sg_flags |= RAW;
    }
    else if (tmode == TMODE_SLEEP)
        ttybnew.sg_flags &= ~(ECHO);
    ioctl(read_cmd_fd, TIOCSETN, &ttybnew);
#endif
    curr_tmode = tmode;
}

/*
 * Try to get the code for "t_kb" from the stty setting
 *
 * Even if termcap claims a backspace key, the user's setting *should*
 * prevail.  stty knows more about reality than termcap does, and if
 * somebody's usual erase key is DEL (which, for most BSD users, it will
 * be), they're going to get really annoyed if their erase key starts
 * doing forward deletes for no reason. (Eric Fischer)
 */
    void
get_stty()
{
    char_u  buf[2];
    char_u  *p;

    /* Why is NeXT excluded here (and not in os_unixx.h)? */
#if defined(ECHOE) && defined(ICANON) && (defined(HAVE_TERMIO_H) || defined(HAVE_TERMIOS_H)) && !defined(__NeXT__)
    /* for "new" tty systems */
# ifdef HAVE_TERMIOS_H
    struct termios keys;
# else
    struct termio keys;
# endif

# if defined(HAVE_TERMIOS_H)
    if (tcgetattr(read_cmd_fd, &keys) != -1)
# else
    if (ioctl(read_cmd_fd, TCGETA, &keys) != -1)
# endif
    {
        buf[0] = keys.c_cc[VERASE];
        intr_char = keys.c_cc[VINTR];
#else
    /* for "old" tty systems */
    struct sgttyb keys;

    if (ioctl(read_cmd_fd, TIOCGETP, &keys) != -1)
    {
        buf[0] = keys.sg_erase;
        intr_char = keys.sg_kill;
#endif
        buf[1] = NUL;
        add_termcode((char_u *)"kb", buf, FALSE);

        /*
         * If <BS> and <DEL> are now the same, redefine <DEL>.
         */
        p = find_termcode((char_u *)"kD");
        if (p != NULL && p[0] == buf[0] && p[1] == buf[1])
            do_fixdel(NULL);
    }
#if 0
    }       /* to keep cindent happy */
#endif
}

#endif /* VMS  */

#if defined(FEAT_MOUSE_TTY) || defined(PROTO)
/*
 * Set mouse clicks on or off.
 */
    void
mch_setmouse(on)
    int         on;
{
    static int  ison = FALSE;
    int         xterm_mouse_vers;

    if (on == ison)     /* return quickly if nothing to do */
        return;

    xterm_mouse_vers = use_xterm_mouse();
    if (xterm_mouse_vers > 0)
    {
        if (on) /* enable mouse events, use mouse tracking if available */
            out_str_nf((char_u *)
                       (xterm_mouse_vers > 1
                        ? IF_EB("\033[?1002h", ESC_STR "[?1002h")
                        : IF_EB("\033[?1000h", ESC_STR "[?1000h")));
        else    /* disable mouse events, could probably always send the same */
            out_str_nf((char_u *)
                       (xterm_mouse_vers > 1
                        ? IF_EB("\033[?1002l", ESC_STR "[?1002l")
                        : IF_EB("\033[?1000l", ESC_STR "[?1000l")));
        ison = on;
    }

# ifdef FEAT_MOUSE_DEC
    else if (ttym_flags == TTYM_DEC)
    {
        if (on) /* enable mouse events */
            out_str_nf((char_u *)"\033[1;2'z\033[1;3'{");
        else    /* disable mouse events */
            out_str_nf((char_u *)"\033['z");
        ison = on;
    }
# endif

# ifdef FEAT_MOUSE_GPM
    else
    {
        if (on)
        {
            if (gpm_open())
                ison = TRUE;
        }
        else
        {
            gpm_close();
            ison = FALSE;
        }
    }
# endif

# ifdef FEAT_MOUSE_JSB
    else
    {
        if (on)
        {
            /* D - Enable Mouse up/down messages
             * L - Enable Left Button Reporting
             * M - Enable Middle Button Reporting
             * R - Enable Right Button Reporting
             * K - Enable SHIFT and CTRL key Reporting
             * + - Enable Advanced messaging of mouse moves and up/down messages
             * Q - Quiet No Ack
             * # - Numeric value of mouse pointer required
             *    0 = Multiview 2000 cursor, used as standard
             *    1 = Windows Arrow
             *    2 = Windows I Beam
             *    3 = Windows Hour Glass
             *    4 = Windows Cross Hair
             *    5 = Windows UP Arrow
             */
#ifdef JSBTERM_MOUSE_NONADVANCED /* Disables full feedback of pointer movements */
            out_str_nf((char_u *)IF_EB("\033[0~ZwLMRK1Q\033\\",
                                         ESC_STR "[0~ZwLMRK1Q" ESC_STR "\\"));
#else
            out_str_nf((char_u *)IF_EB("\033[0~ZwLMRK+1Q\033\\",
                                        ESC_STR "[0~ZwLMRK+1Q" ESC_STR "\\"));
#endif
            ison = TRUE;
        }
        else
        {
            out_str_nf((char_u *)IF_EB("\033[0~ZwQ\033\\",
                                              ESC_STR "[0~ZwQ" ESC_STR "\\"));
            ison = FALSE;
        }
    }
# endif
# ifdef FEAT_MOUSE_PTERM
    else
    {
        /* 1 = button press, 6 = release, 7 = drag, 1h...9l = right button */
        if (on)
            out_str_nf("\033[>1h\033[>6h\033[>7h\033[>1h\033[>9l");
        else
            out_str_nf("\033[>1l\033[>6l\033[>7l\033[>1l\033[>9h");
        ison = on;
    }
# endif
}

/*
 * Set the mouse termcode, depending on the 'term' and 'ttymouse' options.
 */
    void
check_mouse_termcode()
{
# ifdef FEAT_MOUSE_XTERM
    if (use_xterm_mouse()
#  ifdef FEAT_GUI
            && !gui.in_use
#  endif
            )
    {
        set_mouse_termcode(KS_MOUSE, (char_u *)(term_is_8bit(T_NAME)
                    ? IF_EB("\233M", CSI_STR "M")
                    : IF_EB("\033[M", ESC_STR "[M")));
        if (*p_mouse != NUL)
        {
            /* force mouse off and maybe on to send possibly new mouse
             * activation sequence to the xterm, with(out) drag tracing. */
            mch_setmouse(FALSE);
            setmouse();
        }
    }
    else
        del_mouse_termcode(KS_MOUSE);
# endif

# ifdef FEAT_MOUSE_GPM
    if (!use_xterm_mouse()
#  ifdef FEAT_GUI
            && !gui.in_use
#  endif
            )
        set_mouse_termcode(KS_MOUSE, (char_u *)IF_EB("\033MG", ESC_STR "MG"));
# endif

# ifdef FEAT_MOUSE_JSB
    /* conflicts with xterm mouse: "\033[" and "\033[M" ??? */
    if (!use_xterm_mouse()
#  ifdef FEAT_GUI
            && !gui.in_use
#  endif
            )
        set_mouse_termcode(KS_JSBTERM_MOUSE,
                               (char_u *)IF_EB("\033[0~zw", ESC_STR "[0~zw"));
    else
        del_mouse_termcode(KS_JSBTERM_MOUSE);
# endif

# ifdef FEAT_MOUSE_NET
    /* There is no conflict, but one may type "ESC }" from Insert mode.  Don't
     * define it in the GUI or when using an xterm. */
    if (!use_xterm_mouse()
#  ifdef FEAT_GUI
            && !gui.in_use
#  endif
            )
        set_mouse_termcode(KS_NETTERM_MOUSE,
                                       (char_u *)IF_EB("\033}", ESC_STR "}"));
    else
        del_mouse_termcode(KS_NETTERM_MOUSE);
# endif

# ifdef FEAT_MOUSE_DEC
    /* conflicts with xterm mouse: "\033[" and "\033[M" */
    if (!use_xterm_mouse()
#  ifdef FEAT_GUI
            && !gui.in_use
#  endif
            )
        set_mouse_termcode(KS_DEC_MOUSE, (char_u *)(term_is_8bit(T_NAME)
                     ? IF_EB("\233", CSI_STR) : IF_EB("\033[", ESC_STR "[")));
    else
        del_mouse_termcode(KS_DEC_MOUSE);
# endif
# ifdef FEAT_MOUSE_PTERM
    /* same as the dec mouse */
    if (!use_xterm_mouse()
#  ifdef FEAT_GUI
            && !gui.in_use
#  endif
            )
        set_mouse_termcode(KS_PTERM_MOUSE,
                                      (char_u *) IF_EB("\033[", ESC_STR "["));
    else
        del_mouse_termcode(KS_PTERM_MOUSE);
# endif
}
#endif

/*
 * set screen mode, always fails.
 */
/* ARGSUSED */
    int
mch_screenmode(arg)
    char_u   *arg;
{
    EMSG(_(e_screenmode));
    return FAIL;
}

#ifndef VMS

/*
 * Try to get the current window size:
 * 1. with an ioctl(), most accurate method
 * 2. from the environment variables LINES and COLUMNS
 * 3. from the termcap
 * 4. keep using the old values
 * Return OK when size could be determined, FAIL otherwise.
 */
    int
mch_get_shellsize()
{
    long        rows = 0;
    long        columns = 0;
    char_u      *p;

    /*
     * For OS/2 use _scrsize().
     */
# ifdef __EMX__
    {
        int s[2];

        _scrsize(s);
        columns = s[0];
        rows = s[1];
    }
# endif

    /*
     * 1. try using an ioctl. It is the most accurate method.
     *
     * Try using TIOCGWINSZ first, some systems that have it also define
     * TIOCGSIZE but don't have a struct ttysize.
     */
# ifdef TIOCGWINSZ
    {
        struct winsize  ws;
        int fd = 1;

        /* When stdout is not a tty, use stdin for the ioctl(). */
        if (!isatty(fd) && isatty(read_cmd_fd))
            fd = read_cmd_fd;
        if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) == 0)
        {
            columns = ws.ws_col;
            rows = ws.ws_row;
        }
    }
# else /* TIOCGWINSZ */
#  ifdef TIOCGSIZE
    {
        struct ttysize  ts;
        int fd = 1;

        /* When stdout is not a tty, use stdin for the ioctl(). */
        if (!isatty(fd) && isatty(read_cmd_fd))
            fd = read_cmd_fd;
        if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGSIZE, &ts) == 0)
        {
            columns = ts.ts_cols;
            rows = ts.ts_lines;
        }
    }
#  endif /* TIOCGSIZE */
# endif /* TIOCGWINSZ */

    /*
     * 2. get size from environment
     *    When being POSIX compliant ('|' flag in 'cpoptions') this overrules
     *    the ioctl() values!
     */
    if (columns == 0 || rows == 0 || vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_TSIZE) != NULL)
    {
        if ((p = (char_u *)getenv("LINES")))
            rows = atoi((char *)p);
        if ((p = (char_u *)getenv("COLUMNS")))
            columns = atoi((char *)p);
    }

#ifdef HAVE_TGETENT
    /*
     * 3. try reading "co" and "li" entries from termcap
     */
    if (columns == 0 || rows == 0)
        getlinecol(&columns, &rows);
#endif

    /*
     * 4. If everything fails, use the old values
     */
    if (columns <= 0 || rows <= 0)
        return FAIL;

    Rows = rows;
    Columns = columns;
    return OK;
}

/*
 * Try to set the window size to Rows and Columns.
 */
    void
mch_set_shellsize()
{
    if (*T_CWS)
    {
        /*
         * NOTE: if you get an error here that term_set_winsize() is
         * undefined, check the output of configure.  It could probably not
         * find a ncurses, termcap or termlib library.
         */
        term_set_winsize((int)Rows, (int)Columns);
        out_flush();
        screen_start();                 /* don't know where cursor is now */
    }
}

#endif /* VMS */

/*
 * Rows and/or Columns has changed.
 */
    void
mch_new_shellsize()
{
    /* Nothing to do. */
}

#ifndef USE_SYSTEM
static void append_ga_line __ARGS((garray_T *gap));

/*
 * Append the text in "gap" below the cursor line and clear "gap".
 */
    static void
append_ga_line(gap)
    garray_T    *gap;
{
    /* Remove trailing CR. */
    if (gap->ga_len > 0
            && !curbuf->b_p_bin
            && ((char_u *)gap->ga_data)[gap->ga_len - 1] == CAR)
        --gap->ga_len;
    ga_append(gap, NUL);
    ml_append(curwin->w_cursor.lnum++, gap->ga_data, 0, FALSE);
    gap->ga_len = 0;
}
#endif

    int
mch_call_shell(cmd, options)
    char_u      *cmd;
    int         options;        /* SHELL_*, see vim.h */
{
#ifdef VMS
    char        *ifn = NULL;
    char        *ofn = NULL;
#endif
    int         tmode = cur_tmode;
#ifdef USE_SYSTEM       /* use system() to start the shell: simple but slow */
    int     x;
# ifndef __EMX__
    char_u  *newcmd;   /* only needed for unix */
# else
    /*
     * Set the preferred shell in the EMXSHELL environment variable (but
     * only if it is different from what is already in the environment).
     * Emx then takes care of whether to use "/c" or "-c" in an
     * intelligent way. Simply pass the whole thing to emx's system() call.
     * Emx also starts an interactive shell if system() is passed an empty
     * string.
     */
    char_u *p, *old;

    if (((old = (char_u *)getenv("EMXSHELL")) == NULL) || STRCMP(old, p_sh))
    {
        /* should check HAVE_SETENV, but I know we don't have it. */
        p = alloc(10 + strlen(p_sh));
        if (p)
        {
            sprintf((char *)p, "EMXSHELL=%s", p_sh);
            putenv((char *)p);  /* don't free the pointer! */
        }
    }
# endif

    out_flush();

    if (options & SHELL_COOKED)
        settmode(TMODE_COOK);       /* set to normal mode */

# ifdef __EMX__
    if (cmd == NULL)
        x = system(""); /* this starts an interactive shell in emx */
    else
        x = system((char *)cmd);
    /* system() returns -1 when error occurs in starting shell */
    if (x == -1 && !emsg_silent)
    {
        MSG_PUTS(_("\nCannot execute shell "));
        msg_outtrans(p_sh);
        msg_putchar('\n');
    }
# else /* not __EMX__ */
    if (cmd == NULL)
        x = system((char *)p_sh);
    else
    {
#  ifdef VMS
        if (ofn = strchr((char *)cmd, '>'))
            *ofn++ = '\0';
        if (ifn = strchr((char *)cmd, '<'))
        {
            char *p;

            *ifn++ = '\0';
            p = strchr(ifn,' '); /* chop off any trailing spaces */
            if (p)
                *p = '\0';
        }
        if (ofn)
            x = vms_sys((char *)cmd, ofn, ifn);
        else
            x = system((char *)cmd);
#  else
        newcmd = lalloc(STRLEN(p_sh)
                + (extra_shell_arg == NULL ? 0 : STRLEN(extra_shell_arg))
                + STRLEN(p_shcf) + STRLEN(cmd) + 4, TRUE);
        if (newcmd == NULL)
            x = 0;
        else
        {
            sprintf((char *)newcmd, "%s %s %s %s", p_sh,
                    extra_shell_arg == NULL ? "" : (char *)extra_shell_arg,
                    (char *)p_shcf,
                    (char *)cmd);
            x = system((char *)newcmd);
            vim_free(newcmd);
        }
#  endif
    }
# ifdef VMS
    x = vms_sys_status(x);
# endif
    if (emsg_silent)
        ;
    else if (x == 127)
        MSG_PUTS(_("\nCannot execute shell sh\n"));
# endif /* __EMX__ */
    else if (x && !(options & SHELL_SILENT))
    {
        MSG_PUTS(_("\nshell returned "));
        msg_outnum((long)x);
        msg_putchar('\n');
    }

    if (tmode == TMODE_RAW)
        settmode(TMODE_RAW);    /* set to raw mode */
# ifdef FEAT_TITLE
    resettitle();
# endif
    return x;

#else /* USE_SYSTEM */      /* don't use system(), use fork()/exec() */

# define EXEC_FAILED 122    /* Exit code when shell didn't execute.  Don't use
                               127, some shells use that already */

    char_u      *newcmd = NULL;
    pid_t       pid;
    pid_t       wpid = 0;
    pid_t       wait_pid = 0;
# ifdef HAVE_UNION_WAIT
    union wait  status;
# else
    int         status = -1;
# endif
    int         retval = -1;
    char        **argv = NULL;
    int         argc;
    int         i;
    char_u      *p;
    int         inquote;
    int         pty_master_fd = -1;         /* for pty's */
# ifdef FEAT_GUI
    int         pty_slave_fd = -1;
    char        *tty_name;
# endif
    int         fd_toshell[2];          /* for pipes */
    int         fd_fromshell[2];
    int         pipe_error = FALSE;
# ifdef HAVE_SETENV
    char        envbuf[50];
# else
    static char envbuf_Rows[20];
    static char envbuf_Columns[20];
# endif
    int         did_settmode = FALSE;   /* settmode(TMODE_RAW) called */

    out_flush();
    if (options & SHELL_COOKED)
        settmode(TMODE_COOK);           /* set to normal mode */

    newcmd = vim_strsave(p_sh);
    if (newcmd == NULL)         /* out of memory */
        goto error;

    /*
     * Do this loop twice:
     * 1: find number of arguments
     * 2: separate them and build argv[]
     */
    for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
    {
        p = newcmd;
        inquote = FALSE;
        argc = 0;
        for (;;)
        {
            if (i == 1)
                argv[argc] = (char *)p;
            ++argc;
            while (*p && (inquote || (*p != ' ' && *p != TAB)))
            {
                if (*p == '"')
                    inquote = !inquote;
                ++p;
            }
            if (*p == NUL)
                break;
            if (i == 1)
                *p++ = NUL;
            p = skipwhite(p);
        }
        if (argv == NULL)
        {
            argv = (char **)alloc((unsigned)((argc + 4) * sizeof(char *)));
            if (argv == NULL)       /* out of memory */
                goto error;
        }
    }
    if (cmd != NULL)
    {
        if (extra_shell_arg != NULL)
            argv[argc++] = (char *)extra_shell_arg;
        argv[argc++] = (char *)p_shcf;
        argv[argc++] = (char *)cmd;
    }
    argv[argc] = NULL;

    /*
     * For the GUI, when writing the output into the buffer and when reading
     * input from the buffer: Try using a pseudo-tty to get the stdin/stdout
     * of the executed command into the Vim window.  Or use a pipe.
     */
    if ((options & (SHELL_READ|SHELL_WRITE))
# ifdef FEAT_GUI
            || (gui.in_use && show_shell_mess)
# endif
                    )
    {
# ifdef FEAT_GUI
        /*
         * Try to open a master pty.
         * If this works, open the slave pty.
         * If the slave can't be opened, close the master pty.
         */
        if (p_guipty && !(options & (SHELL_READ|SHELL_WRITE)))
        {
            pty_master_fd = OpenPTY(&tty_name);     /* open pty */
            if (pty_master_fd >= 0 && ((pty_slave_fd =
                                    open(tty_name, O_RDWR | O_EXTRA, 0)) < 0))
            {
                close(pty_master_fd);
                pty_master_fd = -1;
            }
        }
        /*
         * If not opening a pty or it didn't work, try using pipes.
         */
        if (pty_master_fd < 0)
# endif
        {
            pipe_error = (pipe(fd_toshell) < 0);
            if (!pipe_error)                        /* pipe create OK */
            {
                pipe_error = (pipe(fd_fromshell) < 0);
                if (pipe_error)                     /* pipe create failed */
                {
                    close(fd_toshell[0]);
                    close(fd_toshell[1]);
                }
            }
            if (pipe_error)
            {
                MSG_PUTS(_("\nCannot create pipes\n"));
                out_flush();
            }
        }
    }

    if (!pipe_error)                    /* pty or pipe opened or not used */
    {
# ifdef __BEOS__
        beos_cleanup_read_thread();
# endif

        if ((pid = fork()) == -1)       /* maybe we should use vfork() */
        {
            MSG_PUTS(_("\nCannot fork\n"));
            if ((options & (SHELL_READ|SHELL_WRITE))
# ifdef FEAT_GUI
                || (gui.in_use && show_shell_mess)
# endif
                    )
            {
# ifdef FEAT_GUI
                if (pty_master_fd >= 0)         /* close the pseudo tty */
                {
                    close(pty_master_fd);
                    close(pty_slave_fd);
                }
                else                            /* close the pipes */
# endif
                {
                    close(fd_toshell[0]);
                    close(fd_toshell[1]);
                    close(fd_fromshell[0]);
                    close(fd_fromshell[1]);
                }
            }
        }
        else if (pid == 0)      /* child */
        {
            reset_signals();            /* handle signals normally */

            if (!show_shell_mess || (options & SHELL_EXPAND))
            {
                int fd;

                /*
                 * Don't want to show any message from the shell.  Can't just
                 * close stdout and stderr though, because some systems will
                 * break if you try to write to them after that, so we must
                 * use dup() to replace them with something else -- webb
                 * Connect stdin to /dev/null too, so ":n `cat`" doesn't hang,
                 * waiting for input.
                 */
                fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR | O_EXTRA, 0);
                fclose(stdin);
                fclose(stdout);
                fclose(stderr);

                /*
                 * If any of these open()'s and dup()'s fail, we just continue
                 * anyway.  It's not fatal, and on most systems it will make
                 * no difference at all.  On a few it will cause the execvp()
                 * to exit with a non-zero status even when the completion
                 * could be done, which is nothing too serious.  If the open()
                 * or dup() failed we'd just do the same thing ourselves
                 * anyway -- webb
                 */
                if (fd >= 0)
                {
                    dup(fd); /* To replace stdin  (file descriptor 0) */
                    dup(fd); /* To replace stdout (file descriptor 1) */
                    dup(fd); /* To replace stderr (file descriptor 2) */

                    /* Don't need this now that we've duplicated it */
                    close(fd);
                }
            }
            else if ((options & (SHELL_READ|SHELL_WRITE))
# ifdef FEAT_GUI
                    || gui.in_use
# endif
                    )
            {

# ifdef HAVE_SETSID
                /* Create our own process group, so that the child and all its
                 * children can be kill()ed.  Don't do this when using pipes,
                 * because stdin is not a tty, we would loose /dev/tty. */
                if (p_stmp)
                    (void)setsid();
# endif
# ifdef FEAT_GUI
                if (pty_slave_fd >= 0)
                {
                    /* push stream discipline modules */
                    if (options & SHELL_COOKED)
                        SetupSlavePTY(pty_slave_fd);
#  ifdef TIOCSCTTY
                    /* Try to become controlling tty (probably doesn't work,
                     * unless run by root) */
                    ioctl(pty_slave_fd, TIOCSCTTY, (char *)NULL);
#  endif
                }
# endif
                /* Simulate to have a dumb terminal (for now) */
# ifdef HAVE_SETENV
                setenv("TERM", "dumb", 1);
                sprintf((char *)envbuf, "%ld", Rows);
                setenv("ROWS", (char *)envbuf, 1);
                sprintf((char *)envbuf, "%ld", Rows);
                setenv("LINES", (char *)envbuf, 1);
                sprintf((char *)envbuf, "%ld", Columns);
                setenv("COLUMNS", (char *)envbuf, 1);
# else
                /*
                 * Putenv does not copy the string, it has to remain valid.
                 * Use a static array to avoid loosing allocated memory.
                 */
                putenv("TERM=dumb");
                sprintf(envbuf_Rows, "ROWS=%ld", Rows);
                putenv(envbuf_Rows);
                sprintf(envbuf_Rows, "LINES=%ld", Rows);
                putenv(envbuf_Rows);
                sprintf(envbuf_Columns, "COLUMNS=%ld", Columns);
                putenv(envbuf_Columns);
# endif

                /*
                 * stderr is only redirected when using the GUI, so that a
                 * program like gpg can still access the terminal to get a
                 * passphrase using stderr.
                 */
# ifdef FEAT_GUI
                if (pty_master_fd >= 0)
                {
                    close(pty_master_fd);   /* close master side of pty */

                    /* set up stdin/stdout/stderr for the child */
                    close(0);
                    dup(pty_slave_fd);
                    close(1);
                    dup(pty_slave_fd);
                    if (gui.in_use)
                    {
                        close(2);
                        dup(pty_slave_fd);
                    }

                    close(pty_slave_fd);    /* has been dupped, close it now */
                }
                else
# endif
                {
                    /* set up stdin for the child */
                    close(fd_toshell[1]);
                    close(0);
                    dup(fd_toshell[0]);
                    close(fd_toshell[0]);

                    /* set up stdout for the child */
                    close(fd_fromshell[0]);
                    close(1);
                    dup(fd_fromshell[1]);
                    close(fd_fromshell[1]);

# ifdef FEAT_GUI
                    if (gui.in_use)
                    {
                        /* set up stderr for the child */
                        close(2);
                        dup(1);
                    }
# endif
                }
            }

            /*
             * There is no type cast for the argv, because the type may be
             * different on different machines. This may cause a warning
             * message with strict compilers, don't worry about it.
             * Call _exit() instead of exit() to avoid closing the connection
             * to the X server (esp. with GTK, which uses atexit()).
             */
            execvp(argv[0], argv);
            _exit(EXEC_FAILED);     /* exec failed, return failure code */
        }
        else                    /* parent */
        {
            /*
             * While child is running, ignore terminating signals.
             * Do catch CTRL-C, so that "got_int" is set.
             */
            catch_signals(SIG_IGN, SIG_ERR);
            catch_int_signal();

            /*
             * For the GUI we redirect stdin, stdout and stderr to our window.
             * This is also used to pipe stdin/stdout to/from the external
             * command.
             */
            if ((options & (SHELL_READ|SHELL_WRITE))
# ifdef FEAT_GUI
                    || (gui.in_use && show_shell_mess)
# endif
               )
            {
# define BUFLEN 100             /* length for buffer, pseudo tty limit is 128 */
                char_u      buffer[BUFLEN + 1];
# ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
                int         buffer_off = 0;     /* valid bytes in buffer[] */
# endif
                char_u      ta_buf[BUFLEN + 1]; /* TypeAHead */
                int         ta_len = 0;         /* valid bytes in ta_buf[] */
                int         len;
                int         p_more_save;
                int         old_State;
                int         c;
                int         toshell_fd;
                int         fromshell_fd;
                garray_T    ga;
                int         noread_cnt;

# ifdef FEAT_GUI
                if (pty_master_fd >= 0)
                {
                    close(pty_slave_fd);        /* close slave side of pty */
                    fromshell_fd = pty_master_fd;
                    toshell_fd = dup(pty_master_fd);
                }
                else
# endif
                {
                    close(fd_toshell[0]);
                    close(fd_fromshell[1]);
                    toshell_fd = fd_toshell[1];
                    fromshell_fd = fd_fromshell[0];
                }

                /*
                 * Write to the child if there are typed characters.
                 * Read from the child if there are characters available.
                 *   Repeat the reading a few times if more characters are
                 *   available. Need to check for typed keys now and then, but
                 *   not too often (delays when no chars are available).
                 * This loop is quit if no characters can be read from the pty
                 * (WaitForChar detected special condition), or there are no
                 * characters available and the child has exited.
                 * Only check if the child has exited when there is no more
                 * output. The child may exit before all the output has
                 * been printed.
                 *
                 * Currently this busy loops!
                 * This can probably dead-lock when the write blocks!
                 */
                p_more_save = p_more;
                p_more = FALSE;
                old_State = State;
                State = EXTERNCMD;      /* don't redraw at window resize */

                if ((options & SHELL_WRITE) && toshell_fd >= 0)
                {
                    /* Fork a process that will write the lines to the
                     * external program. */
                    if ((wpid = fork()) == -1)
                    {
                        MSG_PUTS(_("\nCannot fork\n"));
                    }
                    else if (wpid == 0)
                    {
                        linenr_T    lnum = curbuf->b_op_start.lnum;
                        int         written = 0;
                        char_u      *lp = ml_get(lnum);
                        char_u      *s;
                        size_t      l;

                        /* child */
                        close(fromshell_fd);
                        for (;;)
                        {
                            l = STRLEN(lp + written);
                            if (l == 0)
                                len = 0;
                            else if (lp[written] == NL)
                                /* NL -> NUL translation */
                                len = write(toshell_fd, "", (size_t)1);
                            else
                            {
                                s = vim_strchr(lp + written, NL);
                                len = write(toshell_fd, (char *)lp + written,
                                           s == NULL ? l : s - (lp + written));
                            }
                            if (len == l)
                            {
                                /* Finished a line, add a NL, unless this line
                                 * should not have one. */
                                if (lnum != curbuf->b_op_end.lnum
                                        || !curbuf->b_p_bin
                                        || (lnum != write_no_eol_lnum
                                            && (lnum !=
                                                    curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count
                                                    || curbuf->b_p_eol)))
                                    write(toshell_fd, "\n", (size_t)1);
                                ++lnum;
                                if (lnum > curbuf->b_op_end.lnum)
                                {
                                    /* finished all the lines, close pipe */
                                    close(toshell_fd);
                                    toshell_fd = -1;
                                    break;
                                }
                                lp = ml_get(lnum);
                                written = 0;
                            }
                            else if (len > 0)
                                written += len;
                        }
                        _exit(0);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        close(toshell_fd);
                        toshell_fd = -1;
                    }
                }

                if (options & SHELL_READ)
                    ga_init2(&ga, 1, BUFLEN);

                noread_cnt = 0;

                for (;;)
                {
                    /*
                     * Check if keys have been typed, write them to the child
                     * if there are any.
                     * Don't do this if we are expanding wild cards (would eat
                     * typeahead).
                     * Don't do this when filtering and terminal is in cooked
                     * mode, the shell command will handle the I/O.  Avoids
                     * that a typed password is echoed for ssh or gpg command.
                     * Don't get characters when the child has already
                     * finished (wait_pid == 0).
                     * Don't get extra characters when we already have one.
                     * Don't read characters unless we didn't get output for a
                     * while, avoids that ":r !ls" eats typeahead.
                     */
                    len = 0;
                    if (!(options & SHELL_EXPAND)
                            && ((options &
                                         (SHELL_READ|SHELL_WRITE|SHELL_COOKED))
                                      != (SHELL_READ|SHELL_WRITE|SHELL_COOKED)
#ifdef FEAT_GUI
                                                    || gui.in_use
#endif
                                                    )
                            && wait_pid == 0
                            && (ta_len > 0
                                || (noread_cnt > 4
                                    && (len = ui_inchar(ta_buf,
                                                       BUFLEN, 10L, 0)) > 0)))
                    {
                        /*
                         * For pipes:
                         * Check for CTRL-C: send interrupt signal to child.
                         * Check for CTRL-D: EOF, close pipe to child.
                         */
                        if (len == 1 && (pty_master_fd < 0 || cmd != NULL))
                        {
# ifdef SIGINT
                            /*
                             * Send SIGINT to the child's group or all
                             * processes in our group.
                             */
                            if (ta_buf[ta_len] == Ctrl_C
                                               || ta_buf[ta_len] == intr_char)
                            {
#  ifdef HAVE_SETSID
                                kill(-pid, SIGINT);
#  else
                                kill(0, SIGINT);
#  endif
                                if (wpid > 0)
                                    kill(wpid, SIGINT);
                            }
# endif
                            if (pty_master_fd < 0 && toshell_fd >= 0
                                               && ta_buf[ta_len] == Ctrl_D)
                            {
                                close(toshell_fd);
                                toshell_fd = -1;
                            }
                        }

                        /* replace K_BS by <BS> and K_DEL by <DEL> */
                        for (i = ta_len; i < ta_len + len; ++i)
                        {
                            if (ta_buf[i] == CSI && len - i > 2)
                            {
                                c = TERMCAP2KEY(ta_buf[i + 1], ta_buf[i + 2]);
                                if (c == K_DEL || c == K_KDEL || c == K_BS)
                                {
                                    mch_memmove(ta_buf + i + 1, ta_buf + i + 3,
                                                       (size_t)(len - i - 2));
                                    if (c == K_DEL || c == K_KDEL)
                                        ta_buf[i] = DEL;
                                    else
                                        ta_buf[i] = Ctrl_H;
                                    len -= 2;
                                }
                            }
                            else if (ta_buf[i] == '\r')
                                ta_buf[i] = '\n';
# ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
                            if (has_mbyte)
                                i += (*mb_ptr2len)(ta_buf + i) - 1;
# endif
                        }

                        /*
                         * For pipes: echo the typed characters.
                         * For a pty this does not seem to work.
                         */
                        if (pty_master_fd < 0)
                        {
                            for (i = ta_len; i < ta_len + len; ++i)
                            {
                                if (ta_buf[i] == '\n' || ta_buf[i] == '\b')
                                    msg_putchar(ta_buf[i]);
# ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
                                else if (has_mbyte)
                                {
                                    int l = (*mb_ptr2len)(ta_buf + i);

                                    msg_outtrans_len(ta_buf + i, l);
                                    i += l - 1;
                                }
# endif
                                else
                                    msg_outtrans_len(ta_buf + i, 1);
                            }
                            windgoto(msg_row, msg_col);
                            out_flush();
                        }

                        ta_len += len;

                        /*
                         * Write the characters to the child, unless EOF has
                         * been typed for pipes.  Write one character at a
                         * time, to avoid loosing too much typeahead.
                         * When writing buffer lines, drop the typed
                         * characters (only check for CTRL-C).
                         */
                        if (options & SHELL_WRITE)
                            ta_len = 0;
                        else if (toshell_fd >= 0)
                        {
                            len = write(toshell_fd, (char *)ta_buf, (size_t)1);
                            if (len > 0)
                            {
                                ta_len -= len;
                                mch_memmove(ta_buf, ta_buf + len, ta_len);
                                noread_cnt = 0;
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if (got_int)
                    {
                        /* CTRL-C sends a signal to the child, we ignore it
                         * ourselves */
#  ifdef HAVE_SETSID
                        kill(-pid, SIGINT);
#  else
                        kill(0, SIGINT);
#  endif
                        if (wpid > 0)
                            kill(wpid, SIGINT);
                        got_int = FALSE;
                    }

                    /*
                     * Check if the child has any characters to be printed.
                     * Read them and write them to our window.  Repeat this as
                     * long as there is something to do, avoid the 10ms wait
                     * for mch_inchar(), or sending typeahead characters to
                     * the external process.
                     * TODO: This should handle escape sequences, compatible
                     * to some terminal (vt52?).
                     */
                    ++noread_cnt;
                    while (RealWaitForChar(fromshell_fd, 10L, NULL))
                    {
                        len = read(fromshell_fd, (char *)buffer
# ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
                                + buffer_off, (size_t)(BUFLEN - buffer_off)
# else
                                , (size_t)BUFLEN
# endif
                                );
                        if (len <= 0)               /* end of file or error */
                            goto finished;

                        noread_cnt = 0;
                        if (options & SHELL_READ)
                        {
                            /* Do NUL -> NL translation, append NL separated
                             * lines to the current buffer. */
                            for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
                            {
                                if (buffer[i] == NL)
                                    append_ga_line(&ga);
                                else if (buffer[i] == NUL)
                                    ga_append(&ga, NL);
                                else
                                    ga_append(&ga, buffer[i]);
                            }
                        }
# ifdef FEAT_MBYTE
                        else if (has_mbyte)
                        {
                            int         l;

                            len += buffer_off;
                            buffer[len] = NUL;

                            /* Check if the last character in buffer[] is
                             * incomplete, keep these bytes for the next
                             * round. */
                            for (p = buffer; p < buffer + len; p += l)
                            {
                                l = mb_cptr2len(p);
                                if (l == 0)
                                    l = 1;  /* NUL byte? */
                                else if (MB_BYTE2LEN(*p) != l)
                                    break;
                            }
                            if (p == buffer)    /* no complete character */
                            {
                                /* avoid getting stuck at an illegal byte */
                                if (len >= 12)
                                    ++p;
                                else
                                {
                                    buffer_off = len;
                                    continue;
                                }
                            }
                            c = *p;
                            *p = NUL;
                            msg_puts(buffer);
                            if (p < buffer + len)
                            {
                                *p = c;
                                buffer_off = (buffer + len) - p;
                                mch_memmove(buffer, p, buffer_off);
                                continue;
                            }
                            buffer_off = 0;
                        }
# endif /* FEAT_MBYTE */
                        else
                        {
                            buffer[len] = NUL;
                            msg_puts(buffer);
                        }

                        windgoto(msg_row, msg_col);
                        cursor_on();
                        out_flush();
                        if (got_int)
                            break;
                    }

                    /* If we already detected the child has finished break the
                     * loop now. */
                    if (wait_pid == pid)
                        break;

                    /*
                     * Check if the child still exists, before checking for
                     * typed characters (otherwise we would loose typeahead).
                     */
# ifdef __NeXT__
                    wait_pid = wait4(pid, &status, WNOHANG, (struct rusage *) 0);
# else
                    wait_pid = waitpid(pid, &status, WNOHANG);
# endif
                    if ((wait_pid == (pid_t)-1 && errno == ECHILD)
                            || (wait_pid == pid && WIFEXITED(status)))
                    {
                        /* Don't break the loop yet, try reading more
                         * characters from "fromshell_fd" first.  When using
                         * pipes there might still be something to read and
                         * then we'll break the loop at the "break" above. */
                        wait_pid = pid;
                    }
                    else
                        wait_pid = 0;
                }
finished:
                p_more = p_more_save;
                if (options & SHELL_READ)
                {
                    if (ga.ga_len > 0)
                    {
                        append_ga_line(&ga);
                        /* remember that the NL was missing */
                        write_no_eol_lnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
                    }
                    else
                        write_no_eol_lnum = 0;
                    ga_clear(&ga);
                }

                /*
                 * Give all typeahead that wasn't used back to ui_inchar().
                 */
                if (ta_len)
                    ui_inchar_undo(ta_buf, ta_len);
                State = old_State;
                if (toshell_fd >= 0)
                    close(toshell_fd);
                close(fromshell_fd);
            }

            /*
             * Wait until our child has exited.
             * Ignore wait() returning pids of other children and returning
             * because of some signal like SIGWINCH.
             * Don't wait if wait_pid was already set above, indicating the
             * child already exited.
             */
            while (wait_pid != pid)
            {
# ifdef _THREAD_SAFE
                /* Ugly hack: when compiled with Python threads are probably
                 * used, in which case wait() sometimes hangs for no obvious
                 * reason.  Use waitpid() instead and loop (like the GUI). */
#  ifdef __NeXT__
                wait_pid = wait4(pid, &status, WNOHANG, (struct rusage *)0);
#  else
                wait_pid = waitpid(pid, &status, WNOHANG);
#  endif
                if (wait_pid == 0)
                {
                    /* Wait for 1/100 sec before trying again. */
                    mch_delay(10L, TRUE);
                    continue;
                }
# else
                wait_pid = wait(&status);
# endif
                if (wait_pid <= 0
# ifdef ECHILD
                        && errno == ECHILD
# endif
                   )
                    break;
            }

            /* Make sure the child that writes to the external program is
             * dead. */
            if (wpid > 0)
                kill(wpid, SIGKILL);

            /*
             * Set to raw mode right now, otherwise a CTRL-C after
             * catch_signals() will kill Vim.
             */
            if (tmode == TMODE_RAW)
                settmode(TMODE_RAW);
            did_settmode = TRUE;
            set_signals();

            if (WIFEXITED(status))
            {
                /* LINTED avoid "bitwise operation on signed value" */
                retval = WEXITSTATUS(status);
                if (retval && !emsg_silent)
                {
                    if (retval == EXEC_FAILED)
                    {
                        MSG_PUTS(_("\nCannot execute shell "));
                        msg_outtrans(p_sh);
                        msg_putchar('\n');
                    }
                    else if (!(options & SHELL_SILENT))
                    {
                        MSG_PUTS(_("\nshell returned "));
                        msg_outnum((long)retval);
                        msg_putchar('\n');
                    }
                }
            }
            else
                MSG_PUTS(_("\nCommand terminated\n"));
        }
    }
    vim_free(argv);

error:
    if (!did_settmode)
        if (tmode == TMODE_RAW)
            settmode(TMODE_RAW);        /* set to raw mode */
# ifdef FEAT_TITLE
    resettitle();
# endif
    vim_free(newcmd);

    return retval;

#endif /* USE_SYSTEM */
}

/*
 * Check for CTRL-C typed by reading all available characters.
 * In cooked mode we should get SIGINT, no need to check.
 */
    void
mch_breakcheck()
{
    if (curr_tmode == TMODE_RAW && RealWaitForChar(read_cmd_fd, 0L, NULL))
        fill_input_buf(FALSE);
}

/*
 * Wait "msec" msec until a character is available from the keyboard or from
 * inbuf[]. msec == -1 will block forever.
 * When a GUI is being used, this will never get called -- webb
 */
    static int
WaitForChar(msec)
    long        msec;
{
#ifdef FEAT_MOUSE_GPM
    int         gpm_process_wanted;
#endif
#ifdef FEAT_XCLIPBOARD
    int         rest;
#endif
    int         avail;

    if (input_available())          /* something in inbuf[] */
        return 1;

#if defined(FEAT_MOUSE_DEC)
    /* May need to query the mouse position. */
    if (WantQueryMouse)
    {
        WantQueryMouse = FALSE;
        mch_write((char_u *)IF_EB("\033[1'|", ESC_STR "[1'|"), 5);
    }
#endif

    /*
     * For FEAT_MOUSE_GPM and FEAT_XCLIPBOARD we loop here to process mouse
     * events.  This is a bit complicated, because they might both be defined.
     */
#if defined(FEAT_MOUSE_GPM) || defined(FEAT_XCLIPBOARD)
# ifdef FEAT_XCLIPBOARD
    rest = 0;
    if (do_xterm_trace())
        rest = msec;
# endif
    do
    {
# ifdef FEAT_XCLIPBOARD
        if (rest != 0)
        {
            msec = XT_TRACE_DELAY;
            if (rest >= 0 && rest < XT_TRACE_DELAY)
                msec = rest;
            if (rest >= 0)
                rest -= msec;
        }
# endif
# ifdef FEAT_MOUSE_GPM
        gpm_process_wanted = 0;
        avail = RealWaitForChar(read_cmd_fd, msec, &gpm_process_wanted);
# else
        avail = RealWaitForChar(read_cmd_fd, msec, NULL);
# endif
        if (!avail)
        {
            if (input_available())
                return 1;
# ifdef FEAT_XCLIPBOARD
            if (rest == 0 || !do_xterm_trace())
# endif
                break;
        }
    }
    while (FALSE
# ifdef FEAT_MOUSE_GPM
           || (gpm_process_wanted && mch_gpm_process() == 0)
# endif
# ifdef FEAT_XCLIPBOARD
           || (!avail && rest != 0)
# endif
          );

#else
    avail = RealWaitForChar(read_cmd_fd, msec, NULL);
#endif
    return avail;
}

/*
 * Wait "msec" msec until a character is available from file descriptor "fd".
 * Time == -1 will block forever.
 * When a GUI is being used, this will not be used for input -- webb
 * Returns also, when a request from Sniff is waiting -- toni.
 * Or when a Linux GPM mouse event is waiting.
 */
/* ARGSUSED */
#if defined(__BEOS__)
    int
#else
    static  int
#endif
RealWaitForChar(fd, msec, check_for_gpm)
    int         fd;
    long        msec;
    int         *check_for_gpm;
{
    int         ret;
#if defined(FEAT_XCLIPBOARD) || defined(USE_XSMP) || defined(FEAT_MZSCHEME)
    static int  busy = FALSE;

    /* May retry getting characters after an event was handled. */
# define MAY_LOOP

# if defined(HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY) && defined(HAVE_SYS_TIME_H)
    /* Remember at what time we started, so that we know how much longer we
     * should wait after being interrupted. */
#  define USE_START_TV
    struct timeval  start_tv;

    if (msec > 0 && (
#  ifdef FEAT_XCLIPBOARD
            xterm_Shell != (Widget)0
#   if defined(USE_XSMP) || defined(FEAT_MZSCHEME)
            ||
#   endif
#  endif
#  ifdef USE_XSMP
            xsmp_icefd != -1
#   ifdef FEAT_MZSCHEME
            ||
#   endif
#  endif
#  ifdef FEAT_MZSCHEME
        (mzthreads_allowed() && p_mzq > 0)
#  endif
            ))
        gettimeofday(&start_tv, NULL);
# endif

    /* Handle being called recursively.  This may happen for the session
     * manager stuff, it may save the file, which does a breakcheck. */
    if (busy)
        return 0;
#endif

#ifdef MAY_LOOP
    for (;;)
#endif
    {
#ifdef MAY_LOOP
        int             finished = TRUE; /* default is to 'loop' just once */
# ifdef FEAT_MZSCHEME
        int             mzquantum_used = FALSE;
# endif
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_SELECT
        struct pollfd   fds[5];
        int             nfd;
# ifdef FEAT_XCLIPBOARD
        int             xterm_idx = -1;
# endif
# ifdef FEAT_MOUSE_GPM
        int             gpm_idx = -1;
# endif
# ifdef USE_XSMP
        int             xsmp_idx = -1;
# endif
        int             towait = (int)msec;

# ifdef FEAT_MZSCHEME
        mzvim_check_threads();
        if (mzthreads_allowed() && p_mzq > 0 && (msec < 0 || msec > p_mzq))
        {
            towait = (int)p_mzq;    /* don't wait longer than 'mzquantum' */
            mzquantum_used = TRUE;
        }
# endif
        fds[0].fd = fd;
        fds[0].events = POLLIN;
        nfd = 1;

# ifdef FEAT_SNIFF
#  define SNIFF_IDX 1
        if (want_sniff_request)
        {
            fds[SNIFF_IDX].fd = fd_from_sniff;
            fds[SNIFF_IDX].events = POLLIN;
            nfd++;
        }
# endif
# ifdef FEAT_XCLIPBOARD
        if (xterm_Shell != (Widget)0)
        {
            xterm_idx = nfd;
            fds[nfd].fd = ConnectionNumber(xterm_dpy);
            fds[nfd].events = POLLIN;
            nfd++;
        }
# endif
# ifdef FEAT_MOUSE_GPM
        if (check_for_gpm != NULL && gpm_flag && gpm_fd >= 0)
        {
            gpm_idx = nfd;
            fds[nfd].fd = gpm_fd;
            fds[nfd].events = POLLIN;
            nfd++;
        }
# endif
# ifdef USE_XSMP
        if (xsmp_icefd != -1)
        {
            xsmp_idx = nfd;
            fds[nfd].fd = xsmp_icefd;
            fds[nfd].events = POLLIN;
            nfd++;
        }
# endif

        ret = poll(fds, nfd, towait);
# ifdef FEAT_MZSCHEME
        if (ret == 0 && mzquantum_used)
            /* MzThreads scheduling is required and timeout occurred */
            finished = FALSE;
# endif

# ifdef FEAT_SNIFF
        if (ret < 0)
            sniff_disconnect(1);
        else if (want_sniff_request)
        {
            if (fds[SNIFF_IDX].revents & POLLHUP)
                sniff_disconnect(1);
            if (fds[SNIFF_IDX].revents & POLLIN)
                sniff_request_waiting = 1;
        }
# endif
# ifdef FEAT_XCLIPBOARD
        if (xterm_Shell != (Widget)0 && (fds[xterm_idx].revents & POLLIN))
        {
            xterm_update();      /* Maybe we should hand out clipboard */
            if (--ret == 0 && !input_available())
                /* Try again */
                finished = FALSE;
        }
# endif
# ifdef FEAT_MOUSE_GPM
        if (gpm_idx >= 0 && (fds[gpm_idx].revents & POLLIN))
        {
            *check_for_gpm = 1;
        }
# endif
# ifdef USE_XSMP
        if (xsmp_idx >= 0 && (fds[xsmp_idx].revents & (POLLIN | POLLHUP)))
        {
            if (fds[xsmp_idx].revents & POLLIN)
            {
                busy = TRUE;
                xsmp_handle_requests();
                busy = FALSE;
            }
            else if (fds[xsmp_idx].revents & POLLHUP)
            {
                if (p_verbose > 0)
                    verb_msg((char_u *)_("XSMP lost ICE connection"));
                xsmp_close();
            }
            if (--ret == 0)
                finished = FALSE;       /* Try again */
        }
# endif


#else /* HAVE_SELECT */

        struct timeval  tv;
        struct timeval  *tvp;
        fd_set          rfds, efds;
        int             maxfd;
        long            towait = msec;

# ifdef FEAT_MZSCHEME
        mzvim_check_threads();
        if (mzthreads_allowed() && p_mzq > 0 && (msec < 0 || msec > p_mzq))
        {
            towait = p_mzq;     /* don't wait longer than 'mzquantum' */
            mzquantum_used = TRUE;
        }
# endif
# ifdef __EMX__
        /* don't check for incoming chars if not in raw mode, because select()
         * always returns TRUE then (in some version of emx.dll) */
        if (curr_tmode != TMODE_RAW)
            return 0;
# endif

        if (towait >= 0)
        {
            tv.tv_sec = towait / 1000;
            tv.tv_usec = (towait % 1000) * (1000000/1000);
            tvp = &tv;
        }
        else
            tvp = NULL;

        /*
         * Select on ready for reading and exceptional condition (end of file).
         */
        FD_ZERO(&rfds); /* calls bzero() on a sun */
        FD_ZERO(&efds);
        FD_SET(fd, &rfds);
# if !defined(__QNX__) && !defined(__CYGWIN32__)
        /* For QNX select() always returns 1 if this is set.  Why? */
        FD_SET(fd, &efds);
# endif
        maxfd = fd;

# ifdef FEAT_SNIFF
        if (want_sniff_request)
        {
            FD_SET(fd_from_sniff, &rfds);
            FD_SET(fd_from_sniff, &efds);
            if (maxfd < fd_from_sniff)
                maxfd = fd_from_sniff;
        }
# endif
# ifdef FEAT_XCLIPBOARD
        if (xterm_Shell != (Widget)0)
        {
            FD_SET(ConnectionNumber(xterm_dpy), &rfds);
            if (maxfd < ConnectionNumber(xterm_dpy))
                maxfd = ConnectionNumber(xterm_dpy);
        }
# endif
# ifdef FEAT_MOUSE_GPM
        if (check_for_gpm != NULL && gpm_flag && gpm_fd >= 0)
        {
            FD_SET(gpm_fd, &rfds);
            FD_SET(gpm_fd, &efds);
            if (maxfd < gpm_fd)
                maxfd = gpm_fd;
        }
# endif
# ifdef USE_XSMP
        if (xsmp_icefd != -1)
        {
            FD_SET(xsmp_icefd, &rfds);
            FD_SET(xsmp_icefd, &efds);
            if (maxfd < xsmp_icefd)
                maxfd = xsmp_icefd;
        }
# endif

# ifdef OLD_VMS
        /* Old VMS as v6.2 and older have broken select(). It waits more than
         * required. Should not be used */
        ret = 0;
# else
        ret = select(maxfd + 1, &rfds, NULL, &efds, tvp);
# endif
# ifdef __TANDEM
        if (ret == -1 && errno == ENOTSUP)
        {
            FD_ZERO(&rfds);
            FD_ZERO(&efds);
            ret = 0;
        }
#endif
# ifdef FEAT_MZSCHEME
        if (ret == 0 && mzquantum_used)
            /* loop if MzThreads must be scheduled and timeout occurred */
            finished = FALSE;
# endif

# ifdef FEAT_SNIFF
        if (ret < 0 )
            sniff_disconnect(1);
        else if (ret > 0 && want_sniff_request)
        {
            if (FD_ISSET(fd_from_sniff, &efds))
                sniff_disconnect(1);
            if (FD_ISSET(fd_from_sniff, &rfds))
                sniff_request_waiting = 1;
        }
# endif
# ifdef FEAT_XCLIPBOARD
        if (ret > 0 && xterm_Shell != (Widget)0
                && FD_ISSET(ConnectionNumber(xterm_dpy), &rfds))
        {
            xterm_update();           /* Maybe we should hand out clipboard */
            /* continue looping when we only got the X event and the input
             * buffer is empty */
            if (--ret == 0 && !input_available())
            {
                /* Try again */
                finished = FALSE;
            }
        }
# endif
# ifdef FEAT_MOUSE_GPM
        if (ret > 0 && gpm_flag && check_for_gpm != NULL && gpm_fd >= 0)
        {
            if (FD_ISSET(gpm_fd, &efds))
                gpm_close();
            else if (FD_ISSET(gpm_fd, &rfds))
                *check_for_gpm = 1;
        }
# endif
# ifdef USE_XSMP
        if (ret > 0 && xsmp_icefd != -1)
        {
            if (FD_ISSET(xsmp_icefd, &efds))
            {
                if (p_verbose > 0)
                    verb_msg((char_u *)_("XSMP lost ICE connection"));
                xsmp_close();
                if (--ret == 0)
                    finished = FALSE;   /* keep going if event was only one */
            }
            else if (FD_ISSET(xsmp_icefd, &rfds))
            {
                busy = TRUE;
                xsmp_handle_requests();
                busy = FALSE;
                if (--ret == 0)
                    finished = FALSE;   /* keep going if event was only one */
            }
        }
# endif

#endif /* HAVE_SELECT */

#ifdef MAY_LOOP
        if (finished || msec == 0)
            break;

        /* We're going to loop around again, find out for how long */
        if (msec > 0)
        {
# ifdef USE_START_TV
            struct timeval  mtv;

            /* Compute remaining wait time. */
            gettimeofday(&mtv, NULL);
            msec -= (mtv.tv_sec - start_tv.tv_sec) * 1000L
                                   + (mtv.tv_usec - start_tv.tv_usec) / 1000L;
# else
            /* Guess we got interrupted halfway. */
            msec = msec / 2;
# endif
            if (msec <= 0)
                break;  /* waited long enough */
        }
#endif
    }

    return (ret > 0);
}

#ifndef VMS

#ifndef NO_EXPANDPATH
/*
 * Expand a path into all matching files and/or directories.  Handles "*",
 * "?", "[a-z]", "**", etc.
 * "path" has backslashes before chars that are not to be expanded.
 * Returns the number of matches found.
 */
    int
mch_expandpath(gap, path, flags)
    garray_T    *gap;
    char_u      *path;
    int         flags;          /* EW_* flags */
{
    return unix_expandpath(gap, path, 0, flags, FALSE);
}
#endif

/*
 * mch_expand_wildcards() - this code does wild-card pattern matching using
 * the shell
 *
 * return OK for success, FAIL for error (you may lose some memory) and put
 * an error message in *file.
 *
 * num_pat is number of input patterns
 * pat is array of pointers to input patterns
 * num_file is pointer to number of matched file names
 * file is pointer to array of pointers to matched file names
 */

#ifndef SEEK_SET
# define SEEK_SET 0
#endif
#ifndef SEEK_END
# define SEEK_END 2
#endif

#define SHELL_SPECIAL (char_u *)"\t \"&'$;<>()\\|"

/* ARGSUSED */
    int
mch_expand_wildcards(num_pat, pat, num_file, file, flags)
    int            num_pat;
    char_u       **pat;
    int           *num_file;
    char_u      ***file;
    int            flags;       /* EW_* flags */
{
    int         i;
    size_t      len;
    char_u      *p;
    int         dir;
#ifdef __EMX__
    /*
     * This is the OS/2 implementation.
     */
# define EXPL_ALLOC_INC 16
    char_u      **expl_files;
    size_t      files_alloced, files_free;
    char_u      *buf;
    int         has_wildcard;

    *num_file = 0;      /* default: no files found */
    files_alloced = EXPL_ALLOC_INC; /* how much space is allocated */
    files_free = EXPL_ALLOC_INC;    /* how much space is not used  */
    *file = (char_u **)alloc(sizeof(char_u **) * files_alloced);
    if (*file == NULL)
        return FAIL;

    for (; num_pat > 0; num_pat--, pat++)
    {
        expl_files = NULL;
        if (vim_strchr(*pat, '$') || vim_strchr(*pat, '~'))
            /* expand environment var or home dir */
            buf = expand_env_save(*pat);
        else
            buf = vim_strsave(*pat);
        expl_files = NULL;
        has_wildcard = mch_has_exp_wildcard(buf);  /* (still) wildcards? */
        if (has_wildcard)   /* yes, so expand them */
            expl_files = (char_u **)_fnexplode(buf);

        /*
         * return value of buf if no wildcards left,
         * OR if no match AND EW_NOTFOUND is set.
         */
        if ((!has_wildcard && ((flags & EW_NOTFOUND) || mch_getperm(buf) >= 0))
                || (expl_files == NULL && (flags & EW_NOTFOUND)))
        {   /* simply save the current contents of *buf */
            expl_files = (char_u **)alloc(sizeof(char_u **) * 2);
            if (expl_files != NULL)
            {
                expl_files[0] = vim_strsave(buf);
                expl_files[1] = NULL;
            }
        }
        vim_free(buf);

        /*
         * Count number of names resulting from expansion,
         * At the same time add a backslash to the end of names that happen to
         * be directories, and replace slashes with backslashes.
         */
        if (expl_files)
        {
            for (i = 0; (p = expl_files[i]) != NULL; i++)
            {
                dir = mch_isdir(p);
                /* If we don't want dirs and this is one, skip it */
                if ((dir && !(flags & EW_DIR)) || (!dir && !(flags & EW_FILE)))
                    continue;

                /* Skip files that are not executable if we check for that. */
                if (!dir && (flags & EW_EXEC) && !mch_can_exe(p))
                    continue;

                if (--files_free == 0)
                {
                    /* need more room in table of pointers */
                    files_alloced += EXPL_ALLOC_INC;
                    *file = (char_u **)vim_realloc(*file,
                                           sizeof(char_u **) * files_alloced);
                    if (*file == NULL)
                    {
                        EMSG(_(e_outofmem));
                        *num_file = 0;
                        return FAIL;
                    }
                    files_free = EXPL_ALLOC_INC;
                }
                slash_adjust(p);
                if (dir)
                {
                    /* For a directory we add a '/', unless it's already
                     * there. */
                    len = STRLEN(p);
                    if (((*file)[*num_file] = alloc(len + 2)) != NULL)
                    {
                        STRCPY((*file)[*num_file], p);
                        if (!after_pathsep((*file)[*num_file],
                                                    (*file)[*num_file] + len))
                        {
                            (*file)[*num_file][len] = psepc;
                            (*file)[*num_file][len + 1] = NUL;
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    (*file)[*num_file] = vim_strsave(p);
                }

                /*
                 * Error message already given by either alloc or vim_strsave.
                 * Should return FAIL, but returning OK works also.
                 */
                if ((*file)[*num_file] == NULL)
                    break;
                (*num_file)++;
            }
            _fnexplodefree((char **)expl_files);
        }
    }
    return OK;

#else /* __EMX__ */
    /*
     * This is the non-OS/2 implementation (really Unix).
     */
    int         j;
    char_u      *tempname;
    char_u      *command;
    FILE        *fd;
    char_u      *buffer;
#define STYLE_ECHO      0       /* use "echo", the default */
#define STYLE_GLOB      1       /* use "glob", for csh */
#define STYLE_VIMGLOB   2       /* use "vimglob", for Posix sh */
#define STYLE_PRINT     3       /* use "print -N", for zsh */
#define STYLE_BT        4       /* `cmd` expansion, execute the pattern
                                 * directly */
    int         shell_style = STYLE_ECHO;
    int         check_spaces;
    static int  did_find_nul = FALSE;
    int         ampersent = FALSE;
                /* vimglob() function to define for Posix shell */
    static char *sh_vimglob_func = "vimglob() { while [ $# -ge 1 ]; do echo -n \"$1\"; echo; shift; done }; vimglob >";

    *num_file = 0;      /* default: no files found */
    *file = NULL;

    /*
     * If there are no wildcards, just copy the names to allocated memory.
     * Saves a lot of time, because we don't have to start a new shell.
     */
    if (!have_wildcard(num_pat, pat))
        return save_patterns(num_pat, pat, num_file, file);

# ifdef HAVE_SANDBOX
    /* Don't allow any shell command in the sandbox. */
    if (sandbox != 0 && check_secure())
        return FAIL;
# endif

    /*
     * Don't allow the use of backticks in secure and restricted mode.
     */
    if (secure || restricted)
        for (i = 0; i < num_pat; ++i)
            if (vim_strchr(pat[i], '`') != NULL
                    && (check_restricted() || check_secure()))
                return FAIL;

    /*
     * get a name for the temp file
     */
    if ((tempname = vim_tempname('o')) == NULL)
    {
        EMSG(_(e_notmp));
        return FAIL;
    }

    /*
     * Let the shell expand the patterns and write the result into the temp
     * file.
     * STYLE_BT:        NL separated
     *      If expanding `cmd` execute it directly.
     * STYLE_GLOB:      NUL separated
     *      If we use *csh, "glob" will work better than "echo".
     * STYLE_PRINT:     NL or NUL separated
     *      If we use *zsh, "print -N" will work better than "glob".
     * STYLE_VIMGLOB:   NL separated
     *      If we use *sh*, we define "vimglob()".
     * STYLE_ECHO:      space separated.
     *      A shell we don't know, stay safe and use "echo".
     */
    if (num_pat == 1 && *pat[0] == '`'
            && (len = STRLEN(pat[0])) > 2
            && *(pat[0] + len - 1) == '`')
        shell_style = STYLE_BT;
    else if ((len = STRLEN(p_sh)) >= 3)
    {
        if (STRCMP(p_sh + len - 3, "csh") == 0)
            shell_style = STYLE_GLOB;
        else if (STRCMP(p_sh + len - 3, "zsh") == 0)
            shell_style = STYLE_PRINT;
    }
    if (shell_style == STYLE_ECHO && strstr((char *)gettail(p_sh),
                                                                "sh") != NULL)
        shell_style = STYLE_VIMGLOB;

    /* Compute the length of the command.  We need 2 extra bytes: for the
     * optional '&' and for the NUL.
     * Worst case: "unset nonomatch; print -N >" plus two is 29 */
    len = STRLEN(tempname) + 29;
    if (shell_style == STYLE_VIMGLOB)
        len += STRLEN(sh_vimglob_func);

    for (i = 0; i < num_pat; ++i)
    {
        /* Count the length of the patterns in the same way as they are put in
         * "command" below. */
#ifdef USE_SYSTEM
        len += STRLEN(pat[i]) + 3;      /* add space and two quotes */
#else
        ++len;                          /* add space */
        for (j = 0; pat[i][j] != NUL; ++j)
        {
            if (vim_strchr(SHELL_SPECIAL, pat[i][j]) != NULL)
                ++len;          /* may add a backslash */
            ++len;
        }
#endif
    }
    command = alloc(len);
    if (command == NULL)
    {
        /* out of memory */
        vim_free(tempname);
        return FAIL;
    }

    /*
     * Build the shell command:
     * - Set $nonomatch depending on EW_NOTFOUND (hopefully the shell
     *   recognizes this).
     * - Add the shell command to print the expanded names.
     * - Add the temp file name.
     * - Add the file name patterns.
     */
    if (shell_style == STYLE_BT)
    {
        /* change `command; command& ` to (command; command ) */
        STRCPY(command, "(");
        STRCAT(command, pat[0] + 1);            /* exclude first backtick */
        p = command + STRLEN(command) - 1;
        *p-- = ')';                             /* remove last backtick */
        while (p > command && vim_iswhite(*p))
            --p;
        if (*p == '&')                          /* remove trailing '&' */
        {
            ampersent = TRUE;
            *p = ' ';
        }
        STRCAT(command, ">");
    }
    else
    {
        if (flags & EW_NOTFOUND)
            STRCPY(command, "set nonomatch; ");
        else
            STRCPY(command, "unset nonomatch; ");
        if (shell_style == STYLE_GLOB)
            STRCAT(command, "glob >");
        else if (shell_style == STYLE_PRINT)
            STRCAT(command, "print -N >");
        else if (shell_style == STYLE_VIMGLOB)
            STRCAT(command, sh_vimglob_func);
        else
            STRCAT(command, "echo >");
    }

    STRCAT(command, tempname);

    if (shell_style != STYLE_BT)
        for (i = 0; i < num_pat; ++i)
        {
            /* When using system() always add extra quotes, because the shell
             * is started twice.  Otherwise put a backslash before special
             * characters, except inside ``. */
#ifdef USE_SYSTEM
            STRCAT(command, " \"");
            STRCAT(command, pat[i]);
            STRCAT(command, "\"");
#else
            int intick = FALSE;

            p = command + STRLEN(command);
            *p++ = ' ';
            for (j = 0; pat[i][j] != NUL; ++j)
            {
                if (pat[i][j] == '`')
                    intick = !intick;
                else if (pat[i][j] == '\\' && pat[i][j + 1] != NUL)
                {
                    /* Remove a backslash, take char literally.  But keep
                     * backslash inside backticks, before a special character
                     * and before a backtick. */
                    if (intick
                          || vim_strchr(SHELL_SPECIAL, pat[i][j + 1]) != NULL
                          || pat[i][j + 1] == '`')
                        *p++ = '\\';
                    ++j;
                }
                else if (!intick && vim_strchr(SHELL_SPECIAL,
                                                           pat[i][j]) != NULL)
                    /* Put a backslash before a special character, but not
                     * when inside ``. */
                    *p++ = '\\';

                /* Copy one character. */
                *p++ = pat[i][j];
            }
            *p = NUL;
#endif
        }
    if (flags & EW_SILENT)
        show_shell_mess = FALSE;
    if (ampersent)
        STRCAT(command, "&");           /* put the '&' after the redirection */

    /*
     * Using zsh -G: If a pattern has no matches, it is just deleted from
     * the argument list, otherwise zsh gives an error message and doesn't
     * expand any other pattern.
     */
    if (shell_style == STYLE_PRINT)
        extra_shell_arg = (char_u *)"-G";   /* Use zsh NULL_GLOB option */

    /*
     * If we use -f then shell variables set in .cshrc won't get expanded.
     * vi can do it, so we will too, but it is only necessary if there is a "$"
     * in one of the patterns, otherwise we can still use the fast option.
     */
    else if (shell_style == STYLE_GLOB && !have_dollars(num_pat, pat))
        extra_shell_arg = (char_u *)"-f";       /* Use csh fast option */

    /*
     * execute the shell command
     */
    i = call_shell(command, SHELL_EXPAND | SHELL_SILENT);

    /* When running in the background, give it some time to create the temp
     * file, but don't wait for it to finish. */
    if (ampersent)
        mch_delay(10L, TRUE);

    extra_shell_arg = NULL;             /* cleanup */
    show_shell_mess = TRUE;
    vim_free(command);

    if (i != 0)                         /* mch_call_shell() failed */
    {
        mch_remove(tempname);
        vim_free(tempname);
        /*
         * With interactive completion, the error message is not printed.
         * However with USE_SYSTEM, I don't know how to turn off error messages
         * from the shell, so screen may still get messed up -- webb.
         */
#ifndef USE_SYSTEM
        if (!(flags & EW_SILENT))
#endif
        {
            redraw_later_clear();       /* probably messed up screen */
            msg_putchar('\n');          /* clear bottom line quickly */
            cmdline_row = Rows - 1;     /* continue on last line */
#ifdef USE_SYSTEM
            if (!(flags & EW_SILENT))
#endif
            {
                MSG(_(e_wildexpand));
                msg_start();            /* don't overwrite this message */
            }
        }
        /* If a `cmd` expansion failed, don't list `cmd` as a match, even when
         * EW_NOTFOUND is given */
        if (shell_style == STYLE_BT)
            return FAIL;
        goto notfound;
    }

    /*
     * read the names from the file into memory
     */
    fd = fopen((char *)tempname, READBIN);
    if (fd == NULL)
    {
        /* Something went wrong, perhaps a file name with a special char. */
        if (!(flags & EW_SILENT))
        {
            MSG(_(e_wildexpand));
            msg_start();                /* don't overwrite this message */
        }
        vim_free(tempname);
        goto notfound;
    }
    fseek(fd, 0L, SEEK_END);
    len = ftell(fd);                    /* get size of temp file */
    fseek(fd, 0L, SEEK_SET);
    buffer = alloc(len + 1);
    if (buffer == NULL)
    {
        /* out of memory */
        mch_remove(tempname);
        vim_free(tempname);
        fclose(fd);
        return FAIL;
    }
    i = fread((char *)buffer, 1, len, fd);
    fclose(fd);
    mch_remove(tempname);
    if (i != len)
    {
        /* unexpected read error */
        EMSG2(_(e_notread), tempname);
        vim_free(tempname);
        vim_free(buffer);
        return FAIL;
    }
    vim_free(tempname);

# if defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__CYGWIN32__)
    /* Translate <CR><NL> into <NL>.  Caution, buffer may contain NUL. */
    p = buffer;
    for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
        if (!(buffer[i] == CAR && buffer[i + 1] == NL))
            *p++ = buffer[i];
    len = p - buffer;
# endif


    /* file names are separated with Space */
    if (shell_style == STYLE_ECHO)
    {
        buffer[len] = '\n';             /* make sure the buffer ends in NL */
        p = buffer;
        for (i = 0; *p != '\n'; ++i)    /* count number of entries */
        {
            while (*p != ' ' && *p != '\n')
                ++p;
            p = skipwhite(p);           /* skip to next entry */
        }
    }
    /* file names are separated with NL */
    else if (shell_style == STYLE_BT || shell_style == STYLE_VIMGLOB)
    {
        buffer[len] = NUL;              /* make sure the buffer ends in NUL */
        p = buffer;
        for (i = 0; *p != NUL; ++i)     /* count number of entries */
        {
            while (*p != '\n' && *p != NUL)
                ++p;
            if (*p != NUL)
                ++p;
            p = skipwhite(p);           /* skip leading white space */
        }
    }
    /* file names are separated with NUL */
    else
    {
        /*
         * Some versions of zsh use spaces instead of NULs to separate
         * results.  Only do this when there is no NUL before the end of the
         * buffer, otherwise we would never be able to use file names with
         * embedded spaces when zsh does use NULs.
         * When we found a NUL once, we know zsh is OK, set did_find_nul and
         * don't check for spaces again.
         */
        check_spaces = FALSE;
        if (shell_style == STYLE_PRINT && !did_find_nul)
        {
            /* If there is a NUL, set did_find_nul, else set check_spaces */
            if (len && (int)STRLEN(buffer) < len - 1)
                did_find_nul = TRUE;
            else
                check_spaces = TRUE;
        }

        /*
         * Make sure the buffer ends with a NUL.  For STYLE_PRINT there
         * already is one, for STYLE_GLOB it needs to be added.
         */
        if (len && buffer[len - 1] == NUL)
            --len;
        else
            buffer[len] = NUL;
        i = 0;
        for (p = buffer; p < buffer + len; ++p)
            if (*p == NUL || (*p == ' ' && check_spaces))   /* count entry */
            {
                ++i;
                *p = NUL;
            }
        if (len)
            ++i;                        /* count last entry */
    }
    if (i == 0)
    {
        /*
         * Can happen when using /bin/sh and typing ":e $NO_SUCH_VAR^I".
         * /bin/sh will happily expand it to nothing rather than returning an
         * error; and hey, it's good to check anyway -- webb.
         */
        vim_free(buffer);
        goto notfound;
    }
    *num_file = i;
    *file = (char_u **)alloc(sizeof(char_u *) * i);
    if (*file == NULL)
    {
        /* out of memory */
        vim_free(buffer);
        return FAIL;
    }

    /*
     * Isolate the individual file names.
     */
    p = buffer;
    for (i = 0; i < *num_file; ++i)
    {
        (*file)[i] = p;
        /* Space or NL separates */
        if (shell_style == STYLE_ECHO || shell_style == STYLE_BT
                                              || shell_style == STYLE_VIMGLOB)
        {
            while (!(shell_style == STYLE_ECHO && *p == ' ')
                                                   && *p != '\n' && *p != NUL)
                ++p;
            if (p == buffer + len)              /* last entry */
                *p = NUL;
            else
            {
                *p++ = NUL;
                p = skipwhite(p);               /* skip to next entry */
            }
        }
        else            /* NUL separates */
        {
            while (*p && p < buffer + len)      /* skip entry */
                ++p;
            ++p;                                /* skip NUL */
        }
    }

    /*
     * Move the file names to allocated memory.
     */
    for (j = 0, i = 0; i < *num_file; ++i)
    {
        /* Require the files to exist.  Helps when using /bin/sh */
        if (!(flags & EW_NOTFOUND) && mch_getperm((*file)[i]) < 0)
            continue;

        /* check if this entry should be included */
        dir = (mch_isdir((*file)[i]));
        if ((dir && !(flags & EW_DIR)) || (!dir && !(flags & EW_FILE)))
            continue;

        /* Skip files that are not executable if we check for that. */
        if (!dir && (flags & EW_EXEC) && !mch_can_exe((*file)[i]))
            continue;

        p = alloc((unsigned)(STRLEN((*file)[i]) + 1 + dir));
        if (p)
        {
            STRCPY(p, (*file)[i]);
            if (dir)
                add_pathsep(p);     /* add '/' to a directory name */
            (*file)[j++] = p;
        }
    }
    vim_free(buffer);
    *num_file = j;

    if (*num_file == 0)     /* rejected all entries */
    {
        vim_free(*file);
        *file = NULL;
        goto notfound;
    }

    return OK;

notfound:
    if (flags & EW_NOTFOUND)
        return save_patterns(num_pat, pat, num_file, file);
    return FAIL;

#endif /* __EMX__ */
}

#endif /* VMS */

#ifndef __EMX__
    static int
save_patterns(num_pat, pat, num_file, file)
    int         num_pat;
    char_u      **pat;
    int         *num_file;
    char_u      ***file;
{
    int         i;
    char_u      *s;

    *file = (char_u **)alloc(num_pat * sizeof(char_u *));
    if (*file == NULL)
        return FAIL;
    for (i = 0; i < num_pat; i++)
    {
        s = vim_strsave(pat[i]);
        if (s != NULL)
            /* Be compatible with expand_filename(): halve the number of
             * backslashes. */
            backslash_halve(s);
        (*file)[i] = s;
    }
    *num_file = num_pat;
    return OK;
}
#endif


/*
 * Return TRUE if the string "p" contains a wildcard that mch_expandpath() can
 * expand.
 */
    int
mch_has_exp_wildcard(p)
    char_u  *p;
{
    for ( ; *p; mb_ptr_adv(p))
    {
#ifndef OS2
        if (*p == '\\' && p[1] != NUL)
            ++p;
        else
#endif
            if (vim_strchr((char_u *)
#ifdef VMS
                                    "*?%"
#else
# ifdef OS2
                                    "*?"
# else
                                    "*?[{'"
# endif
#endif
                                                , *p) != NULL)
            return TRUE;
    }
    return FALSE;
}

/*
 * Return TRUE if the string "p" contains a wildcard.
 * Don't recognize '~' at the end as a wildcard.
 */
    int
mch_has_wildcard(p)
    char_u  *p;
{
    for ( ; *p; mb_ptr_adv(p))
    {
#ifndef OS2
        if (*p == '\\' && p[1] != NUL)
            ++p;
        else
#endif
            if (vim_strchr((char_u *)
#ifdef VMS
                                    "*?%$"
#else
# ifdef OS2
#  ifdef VIM_BACKTICK
                                    "*?$`"
#  else
                                    "*?$"
#  endif
# else
                                    "*?[{`'$"
# endif
#endif
                                                , *p) != NULL
                || (*p == '~' && p[1] != NUL))
            return TRUE;
    }
    return FALSE;
}

#ifndef __EMX__
    static int
have_wildcard(num, file)
    int     num;
    char_u  **file;
{
    int     i;

    for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
        if (mch_has_wildcard(file[i]))
            return 1;
    return 0;
}

    static int
have_dollars(num, file)
    int     num;
    char_u  **file;
{
    int     i;

    for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
        if (vim_strchr(file[i], '$') != NULL)
            return TRUE;
    return FALSE;
}
#endif  /* ifndef __EMX__ */

#ifndef HAVE_RENAME
/*
 * Scaled-down version of rename(), which is missing in Xenix.
 * This version can only move regular files and will fail if the
 * destination exists.
 */
    int
mch_rename(src, dest)
    const char *src, *dest;
{
    struct stat     st;

    if (stat(dest, &st) >= 0)       /* fail if destination exists */
        return -1;
    if (link(src, dest) != 0)       /* link file to new name */
        return -1;
    if (mch_remove(src) == 0)       /* delete link to old name */
        return 0;
    return -1;
}
#endif /* !HAVE_RENAME */

#ifdef FEAT_MOUSE_GPM
/*
 * Initializes connection with gpm (if it isn't already opened)
 * Return 1 if succeeded (or connection already opened), 0 if failed
 */
    static int
gpm_open()
{
    static Gpm_Connect gpm_connect; /* Must it be kept till closing ? */

    if (!gpm_flag)
    {
        gpm_connect.eventMask = (GPM_UP | GPM_DRAG | GPM_DOWN);
        gpm_connect.defaultMask = ~GPM_HARD;
        /* Default handling for mouse move*/
        gpm_connect.minMod = 0; /* Handle any modifier keys */
        gpm_connect.maxMod = 0xffff;
        if (Gpm_Open(&gpm_connect, 0) > 0)
        {
            /* gpm library tries to handling TSTP causes
             * problems. Anyways, we close connection to Gpm whenever
             * we are going to suspend or starting an external process
             * so we shouldn't  have problem with this
             */
            signal(SIGTSTP, restricted ? SIG_IGN : SIG_DFL);
            return 1; /* succeed */
        }
        if (gpm_fd == -2)
            Gpm_Close(); /* We don't want to talk to xterm via gpm */
        return 0;
    }
    return 1; /* already open */
}

/*
 * Closes connection to gpm
 * returns non-zero if connection successfully closed
 */
    static void
gpm_close()
{
    if (gpm_flag && gpm_fd >= 0) /* if Open */
        Gpm_Close();
}

/* Reads gpm event and adds special keys to input buf. Returns length of
 * generated key sequence.
 * This function is made after gui_send_mouse_event
 */
    static int
mch_gpm_process()
{
    int                 button;
    static Gpm_Event    gpm_event;
    char_u              string[6];
    int_u               vim_modifiers;
    int                 row,col;
    unsigned char       buttons_mask;
    unsigned char       gpm_modifiers;
    static unsigned char old_buttons = 0;

    Gpm_GetEvent(&gpm_event);

#ifdef FEAT_GUI
    /* Don't put events in the input queue now. */
    if (hold_gui_events)
        return 0;
#endif

    row = gpm_event.y - 1;
    col = gpm_event.x - 1;

    string[0] = ESC; /* Our termcode */
    string[1] = 'M';
    string[2] = 'G';
    switch (GPM_BARE_EVENTS(gpm_event.type))
    {
        case GPM_DRAG:
            string[3] = MOUSE_DRAG;
            break;
        case GPM_DOWN:
            buttons_mask = gpm_event.buttons & ~old_buttons;
            old_buttons = gpm_event.buttons;
            switch (buttons_mask)
            {
                case GPM_B_LEFT:
                    button = MOUSE_LEFT;
                    break;
                case GPM_B_MIDDLE:
                    button = MOUSE_MIDDLE;
                    break;
                case GPM_B_RIGHT:
                    button = MOUSE_RIGHT;
                    break;
                default:
                    return 0;
                    /*Don't know what to do. Can more than one button be
                     * reported in one event? */
            }
            string[3] = (char_u)(button | 0x20);
            SET_NUM_MOUSE_CLICKS(string[3], gpm_event.clicks + 1);
            break;
        case GPM_UP:
            string[3] = MOUSE_RELEASE;
            old_buttons &= ~gpm_event.buttons;
            break;
        default:
            return 0;
    }
    /*This code is based on gui_x11_mouse_cb in gui_x11.c */
    gpm_modifiers = gpm_event.modifiers;
    vim_modifiers = 0x0;
    /* I ignore capslock stats. Aren't we all just hate capslock mixing with
     * Vim commands ? Besides, gpm_event.modifiers is unsigned char, and
     * K_CAPSSHIFT is defined 8, so it probably isn't even reported
     */
    if (gpm_modifiers & ((1 << KG_SHIFT) | (1 << KG_SHIFTR) | (1 << KG_SHIFTL)))
        vim_modifiers |= MOUSE_SHIFT;

    if (gpm_modifiers & ((1 << KG_CTRL) | (1 << KG_CTRLR) | (1 << KG_CTRLL)))
        vim_modifiers |= MOUSE_CTRL;
    if (gpm_modifiers & ((1 << KG_ALT) | (1 << KG_ALTGR)))
        vim_modifiers |= MOUSE_ALT;
    string[3] |= vim_modifiers;
    string[4] = (char_u)(col + ' ' + 1);
    string[5] = (char_u)(row + ' ' + 1);
    add_to_input_buf(string, 6);
    return 6;
}
#endif /* FEAT_MOUSE_GPM */

#if defined(FEAT_LIBCALL) || defined(PROTO)
typedef char_u * (*STRPROCSTR)__ARGS((char_u *));
typedef char_u * (*INTPROCSTR)__ARGS((int));
typedef int (*STRPROCINT)__ARGS((char_u *));
typedef int (*INTPROCINT)__ARGS((int));

/*
 * Call a DLL routine which takes either a string or int param
 * and returns an allocated string.
 */
    int
mch_libcall(libname, funcname, argstring, argint, string_result, number_result)
    char_u      *libname;
    char_u      *funcname;
    char_u      *argstring;     /* NULL when using a argint */
    int         argint;
    char_u      **string_result;/* NULL when using number_result */
    int         *number_result;
{
# if defined(USE_DLOPEN)
    void        *hinstLib;
    char        *dlerr = NULL;
# else
    shl_t       hinstLib;
# endif
    STRPROCSTR  ProcAdd;
    INTPROCSTR  ProcAddI;
    char_u      *retval_str = NULL;
    int         retval_int = 0;
    int         success = FALSE;

    /*
     * Get a handle to the DLL module.
     */
# if defined(USE_DLOPEN)
    /* First clear any error, it's not cleared by the dlopen() call. */
    (void)dlerror();

    hinstLib = dlopen((char *)libname, RTLD_LAZY
#  ifdef RTLD_LOCAL
            | RTLD_LOCAL
#  endif
            );
    if (hinstLib == NULL)
    {
        /* "dlerr" must be used before dlclose() */
        dlerr = (char *)dlerror();
        if (dlerr != NULL)
            EMSG2(_("dlerror = \"%s\""), dlerr);
    }
# else
    hinstLib = shl_load((const char*)libname, BIND_IMMEDIATE|BIND_VERBOSE, 0L);
# endif

    /* If the handle is valid, try to get the function address. */
    if (hinstLib != NULL)
    {
# ifdef HAVE_SETJMP_H
        /*
         * Catch a crash when calling the library function.  For example when
         * using a number where a string pointer is expected.
         */
        mch_startjmp();
        if (SETJMP(lc_jump_env) != 0)
        {
            success = FALSE;
#  if defined(USE_DLOPEN)
            dlerr = NULL;
#  endif
            mch_didjmp();
        }
        else
# endif
        {
            retval_str = NULL;
            retval_int = 0;

            if (argstring != NULL)
            {
# if defined(USE_DLOPEN)
                ProcAdd = (STRPROCSTR)dlsym(hinstLib, (const char *)funcname);
                dlerr = (char *)dlerror();
# else
                if (shl_findsym(&hinstLib, (const char *)funcname,
                                        TYPE_PROCEDURE, (void *)&ProcAdd) < 0)
                    ProcAdd = NULL;
# endif
                if ((success = (ProcAdd != NULL
# if defined(USE_DLOPEN)
                            && dlerr == NULL
# endif
                            )))
                {
                    if (string_result == NULL)
                        retval_int = ((STRPROCINT)ProcAdd)(argstring);
                    else
                        retval_str = (ProcAdd)(argstring);
                }
            }
            else
            {
# if defined(USE_DLOPEN)
                ProcAddI = (INTPROCSTR)dlsym(hinstLib, (const char *)funcname);
                dlerr = (char *)dlerror();
# else
                if (shl_findsym(&hinstLib, (const char *)funcname,
                                       TYPE_PROCEDURE, (void *)&ProcAddI) < 0)
                    ProcAddI = NULL;
# endif
                if ((success = (ProcAddI != NULL
# if defined(USE_DLOPEN)
                            && dlerr == NULL
# endif
                            )))
                {
                    if (string_result == NULL)
                        retval_int = ((INTPROCINT)ProcAddI)(argint);
                    else
                        retval_str = (ProcAddI)(argint);
                }
            }

            /* Save the string before we free the library. */
            /* Assume that a "1" or "-1" result is an illegal pointer. */
            if (string_result == NULL)
                *number_result = retval_int;
            else if (retval_str != NULL
                    && retval_str != (char_u *)1
                    && retval_str != (char_u *)-1)
                *string_result = vim_strsave(retval_str);
        }

# ifdef HAVE_SETJMP_H
        mch_endjmp();
#  ifdef SIGHASARG
        if (lc_signal != 0)
        {
            int i;

            /* try to find the name of this signal */
            for (i = 0; signal_info[i].sig != -1; i++)
                if (lc_signal == signal_info[i].sig)
                    break;
            EMSG2("E368: got SIG%s in libcall()", signal_info[i].name);
        }
#  endif
# endif

# if defined(USE_DLOPEN)
        /* "dlerr" must be used before dlclose() */
        if (dlerr != NULL)
            EMSG2(_("dlerror = \"%s\""), dlerr);

        /* Free the DLL module. */
        (void)dlclose(hinstLib);
# else
        (void)shl_unload(hinstLib);
# endif
    }

    if (!success)
    {
        EMSG2(_(e_libcall), funcname);
        return FAIL;
    }

    return OK;
}
#endif

#if (defined(FEAT_X11) && defined(FEAT_XCLIPBOARD)) || defined(PROTO)
static int      xterm_trace = -1;       /* default: disabled */
static int      xterm_button;

/*
 * Setup a dummy window for X selections in a terminal.
 */
    void
setup_term_clip()
{
    int         z = 0;
    char        *strp = "";
    Widget      AppShell;

    if (!x_connect_to_server())
        return;

    open_app_context();
    if (app_context != NULL && xterm_Shell == (Widget)0)
    {
        int (*oldhandler)();
#if defined(HAVE_SETJMP_H)
        int (*oldIOhandler)();
#endif
# if defined(HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY) && defined(HAVE_SYS_TIME_H)
        struct timeval  start_tv;

        if (p_verbose > 0)
            gettimeofday(&start_tv, NULL);
# endif

        /* Ignore X errors while opening the display */
        oldhandler = XSetErrorHandler(x_error_check);

#if defined(HAVE_SETJMP_H)
        /* Ignore X IO errors while opening the display */
        oldIOhandler = XSetIOErrorHandler(x_IOerror_check);
        mch_startjmp();
        if (SETJMP(lc_jump_env) != 0)
        {
            mch_didjmp();
            xterm_dpy = NULL;
        }
        else
#endif
        {
            xterm_dpy = XtOpenDisplay(app_context, xterm_display,
                    "vim_xterm", "Vim_xterm", NULL, 0, &z, &strp);
#if defined(HAVE_SETJMP_H)
            mch_endjmp();
#endif
        }

#if defined(HAVE_SETJMP_H)
        /* Now handle X IO errors normally. */
        (void)XSetIOErrorHandler(oldIOhandler);
#endif
        /* Now handle X errors normally. */
        (void)XSetErrorHandler(oldhandler);

        if (xterm_dpy == NULL)
        {
            if (p_verbose > 0)
                verb_msg((char_u *)_("Opening the X display failed"));
            return;
        }

        /* Catch terminating error of the X server connection. */
        (void)XSetIOErrorHandler(x_IOerror_handler);

# if defined(HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY) && defined(HAVE_SYS_TIME_H)
        if (p_verbose > 0)
        {
            verbose_enter();
            xopen_message(&start_tv);
            verbose_leave();
        }
# endif

        /* Create a Shell to make converters work. */
        AppShell = XtVaAppCreateShell("vim_xterm", "Vim_xterm",
                applicationShellWidgetClass, xterm_dpy,
                NULL);
        if (AppShell == (Widget)0)
            return;
        xterm_Shell = XtVaCreatePopupShell("VIM",
                topLevelShellWidgetClass, AppShell,
                XtNmappedWhenManaged, 0,
                XtNwidth, 1,
                XtNheight, 1,
                NULL);
        if (xterm_Shell == (Widget)0)
            return;

        x11_setup_atoms(xterm_dpy);
        if (x11_display == NULL)
            x11_display = xterm_dpy;

        XtRealizeWidget(xterm_Shell);
        XSync(xterm_dpy, False);
        xterm_update();
    }
    if (xterm_Shell != (Widget)0)
    {
        clip_init(TRUE);
        if (x11_window == 0 && (strp = getenv("WINDOWID")) != NULL)
            x11_window = (Window)atol(strp);
        /* Check if $WINDOWID is valid. */
        if (test_x11_window(xterm_dpy) == FAIL)
            x11_window = 0;
        if (x11_window != 0)
            xterm_trace = 0;
    }
}

    void
start_xterm_trace(button)
    int button;
{
    if (x11_window == 0 || xterm_trace < 0 || xterm_Shell == (Widget)0)
        return;
    xterm_trace = 1;
    xterm_button = button;
    do_xterm_trace();
}


    void
stop_xterm_trace()
{
    if (xterm_trace < 0)
        return;
    xterm_trace = 0;
}

/*
 * Query the xterm pointer and generate mouse termcodes if necessary
 * return TRUE if dragging is active, else FALSE
 */
    static int
do_xterm_trace()
{
    Window              root, child;
    int                 root_x, root_y;
    int                 win_x, win_y;
    int                 row, col;
    int_u               mask_return;
    char_u              buf[50];
    char_u              *strp;
    long                got_hints;
    static char_u       *mouse_code;
    static char_u       mouse_name[2] = {KS_MOUSE, KE_FILLER};
    static int          prev_row = 0, prev_col = 0;
    static XSizeHints   xterm_hints;

    if (xterm_trace <= 0)
        return FALSE;

    if (xterm_trace == 1)
    {
        /* Get the hints just before tracking starts.  The font size might
         * have changed recently. */
        if (!XGetWMNormalHints(xterm_dpy, x11_window, &xterm_hints, &got_hints)
                || !(got_hints & PResizeInc)
                || xterm_hints.width_inc <= 1
                || xterm_hints.height_inc <= 1)
        {
            xterm_trace = -1;  /* Not enough data -- disable tracing */
            return FALSE;
        }

        /* Rely on the same mouse code for the duration of this */
        mouse_code = find_termcode(mouse_name);
        prev_row = mouse_row;
        prev_row = mouse_col;
        xterm_trace = 2;

        /* Find the offset of the chars, there might be a scrollbar on the
         * left of the window and/or a menu on the top (eterm etc.) */
        XQueryPointer(xterm_dpy, x11_window, &root, &child, &root_x, &root_y,
                      &win_x, &win_y, &mask_return);
        xterm_hints.y = win_y - (xterm_hints.height_inc * mouse_row)
                              - (xterm_hints.height_inc / 2);
        if (xterm_hints.y <= xterm_hints.height_inc / 2)
            xterm_hints.y = 2;
        xterm_hints.x = win_x - (xterm_hints.width_inc * mouse_col)
                              - (xterm_hints.width_inc / 2);
        if (xterm_hints.x <= xterm_hints.width_inc / 2)
            xterm_hints.x = 2;
        return TRUE;
    }
    if (mouse_code == NULL)
    {
        xterm_trace = 0;
        return FALSE;
    }

    XQueryPointer(xterm_dpy, x11_window, &root, &child, &root_x, &root_y,
                  &win_x, &win_y, &mask_return);

    row = check_row((win_y - xterm_hints.y) / xterm_hints.height_inc);
    col = check_col((win_x - xterm_hints.x) / xterm_hints.width_inc);
    if (row == prev_row && col == prev_col)
        return TRUE;

    STRCPY(buf, mouse_code);
    strp = buf + STRLEN(buf);
    *strp++ = (xterm_button | MOUSE_DRAG) & ~0x20;
    *strp++ = (char_u)(col + ' ' + 1);
    *strp++ = (char_u)(row + ' ' + 1);
    *strp = 0;
    add_to_input_buf(buf, STRLEN(buf));

    prev_row = row;
    prev_col = col;
    return TRUE;
}

# if defined(FEAT_GUI) || defined(PROTO)
/*
 * Destroy the display, window and app_context.  Required for GTK.
 */
    void
clear_xterm_clip()
{
    if (xterm_Shell != (Widget)0)
    {
        XtDestroyWidget(xterm_Shell);
        xterm_Shell = (Widget)0;
    }
    if (xterm_dpy != NULL)
    {
#if 0
        /* Lesstif and Solaris crash here, lose some memory */
        XtCloseDisplay(xterm_dpy);
#endif
        if (x11_display == xterm_dpy)
            x11_display = NULL;
        xterm_dpy = NULL;
    }
#if 0
    if (app_context != (XtAppContext)NULL)
    {
        /* Lesstif and Solaris crash here, lose some memory */
        XtDestroyApplicationContext(app_context);
        app_context = (XtAppContext)NULL;
    }
#endif
}
# endif

/*
 * Catch up with any queued X events.  This may put keyboard input into the
 * input buffer, call resize call-backs, trigger timers etc.  If there is
 * nothing in the X event queue (& no timers pending), then we return
 * immediately.
 */
    static void
xterm_update()
{
    XEvent event;

    while (XtAppPending(app_context) && !vim_is_input_buf_full())
    {
        XtAppNextEvent(app_context, &event);
#ifdef FEAT_CLIENTSERVER
        {
            XPropertyEvent *e = (XPropertyEvent *)&event;

            if (e->type == PropertyNotify && e->window == commWindow
                   && e->atom == commProperty && e->state == PropertyNewValue)
                serverEventProc(xterm_dpy, &event);
        }
#endif
        XtDispatchEvent(&event);
    }
}

    int
clip_xterm_own_selection(cbd)
    VimClipboard *cbd;
{
    if (xterm_Shell != (Widget)0)
        return clip_x11_own_selection(xterm_Shell, cbd);
    return FAIL;
}

    void
clip_xterm_lose_selection(cbd)
    VimClipboard *cbd;
{
    if (xterm_Shell != (Widget)0)
        clip_x11_lose_selection(xterm_Shell, cbd);
}

    void
clip_xterm_request_selection(cbd)
    VimClipboard *cbd;
{
    if (xterm_Shell != (Widget)0)
        clip_x11_request_selection(xterm_Shell, xterm_dpy, cbd);
}

    void
clip_xterm_set_selection(cbd)
    VimClipboard *cbd;
{
    clip_x11_set_selection(cbd);
}
#endif


#if defined(USE_XSMP) || defined(PROTO)
/*
 * Code for X Session Management Protocol.
 */
static void xsmp_handle_save_yourself __ARGS((SmcConn smc_conn, SmPointer client_data, int save_type, Bool shutdown, int interact_style, Bool fast));
static void xsmp_die __ARGS((SmcConn smc_conn, SmPointer client_data));
static void xsmp_save_complete __ARGS((SmcConn smc_conn, SmPointer client_data));
static void xsmp_shutdown_cancelled __ARGS((SmcConn smc_conn, SmPointer client_data));
static void xsmp_ice_connection __ARGS((IceConn iceConn, IcePointer clientData, Bool opening, IcePointer *watchData));


# if defined(FEAT_GUI) && defined(USE_XSMP_INTERACT)
static void xsmp_handle_interaction __ARGS((SmcConn smc_conn, SmPointer client_data));

/*
 * This is our chance to ask the user if they want to save,
 * or abort the logout
 */
/*ARGSUSED*/
    static void
xsmp_handle_interaction(smc_conn, client_data)
    SmcConn     smc_conn;
    SmPointer   client_data;
{
    cmdmod_T    save_cmdmod;
    int         cancel_shutdown = False;

    save_cmdmod = cmdmod;
    cmdmod.confirm = TRUE;
    if (check_changed_any(FALSE))
        /* Mustn't logout */
        cancel_shutdown = True;
    cmdmod = save_cmdmod;
    setcursor();                /* position cursor */
    out_flush();

    /* Done interaction */
    SmcInteractDone(smc_conn, cancel_shutdown);

    /* Finish off
     * Only end save-yourself here if we're not cancelling shutdown;
     * we'll get a cancelled callback later in which we'll end it.
     * Hopefully get around glitchy SMs (like GNOME-1)
     */
    if (!cancel_shutdown)
    {
        xsmp.save_yourself = False;
        SmcSaveYourselfDone(smc_conn, True);
    }
}
# endif

/*
 * Callback that starts save-yourself.
 */
/*ARGSUSED*/
    static void
xsmp_handle_save_yourself(smc_conn, client_data, save_type,
                                               shutdown, interact_style, fast)
    SmcConn     smc_conn;
    SmPointer   client_data;
    int         save_type;
    Bool        shutdown;
    int         interact_style;
    Bool        fast;
{
    /* Handle already being in saveyourself */
    if (xsmp.save_yourself)
        SmcSaveYourselfDone(smc_conn, True);
    xsmp.save_yourself = True;
    xsmp.shutdown = shutdown;

    /* First up, preserve all files */
    out_flush();
    ml_sync_all(FALSE, FALSE);  /* preserve all swap files */

    if (p_verbose > 0)
        verb_msg((char_u *)_("XSMP handling save-yourself request"));

# if defined(FEAT_GUI) && defined(USE_XSMP_INTERACT)
    /* Now see if we can ask about unsaved files */
    if (shutdown && !fast && gui.in_use)
        /* Need to interact with user, but need SM's permission */
        SmcInteractRequest(smc_conn, SmDialogError,
                                        xsmp_handle_interaction, client_data);
    else
# endif
    {
        /* Can stop the cycle here */
        SmcSaveYourselfDone(smc_conn, True);
        xsmp.save_yourself = False;
    }
}


/*
 * Callback to warn us of imminent death.
 */
/*ARGSUSED*/
    static void
xsmp_die(smc_conn, client_data)
    SmcConn     smc_conn;
    SmPointer   client_data;
{
    xsmp_close();

    /* quit quickly leaving swapfiles for modified buffers behind */
    getout_preserve_modified(0);
}


/*
 * Callback to tell us that save-yourself has completed.
 */
/*ARGSUSED*/
    static void
xsmp_save_complete(smc_conn, client_data)
    SmcConn     smc_conn;
    SmPointer   client_data;
{
    xsmp.save_yourself = False;
}


/*
 * Callback to tell us that an instigated shutdown was cancelled
 * (maybe even by us)
 */
/*ARGSUSED*/
    static void
xsmp_shutdown_cancelled(smc_conn, client_data)
    SmcConn     smc_conn;
    SmPointer   client_data;
{
    if (xsmp.save_yourself)
        SmcSaveYourselfDone(smc_conn, True);
    xsmp.save_yourself = False;
    xsmp.shutdown = False;
}


/*
 * Callback to tell us that a new ICE connection has been established.
 */
/*ARGSUSED*/
    static void
xsmp_ice_connection(iceConn, clientData, opening, watchData)
    IceConn     iceConn;
    IcePointer  clientData;
    Bool        opening;
    IcePointer  *watchData;
{
    /* Intercept creation of ICE connection fd */
    if (opening)
    {
        xsmp_icefd = IceConnectionNumber(iceConn);
        IceRemoveConnectionWatch(xsmp_ice_connection, NULL);
    }
}


/* Handle any ICE processing that's required; return FAIL if SM lost */
    int
xsmp_handle_requests()
{
    Bool rep;

    if (IceProcessMessages(xsmp.iceconn, NULL, &rep)
                                                 == IceProcessMessagesIOError)
    {
        /* Lost ICE */
        if (p_verbose > 0)
            verb_msg((char_u *)_("XSMP lost ICE connection"));
        xsmp_close();
        return FAIL;
    }
    else
        return OK;
}

static int dummy;

/* Set up X Session Management Protocol */
    void
xsmp_init(void)
{
    char                errorstring[80];
    char                *clientid;
    SmcCallbacks        smcallbacks;
#if 0
    SmPropValue         smname;
    SmProp              smnameprop;
    SmProp              *smprops[1];
#endif

    if (p_verbose > 0)
        verb_msg((char_u *)_("XSMP opening connection"));

    xsmp.save_yourself = xsmp.shutdown = False;

    /* Set up SM callbacks - must have all, even if they're not used */
    smcallbacks.save_yourself.callback = xsmp_handle_save_yourself;
    smcallbacks.save_yourself.client_data = NULL;
    smcallbacks.die.callback = xsmp_die;
    smcallbacks.die.client_data = NULL;
    smcallbacks.save_complete.callback = xsmp_save_complete;
    smcallbacks.save_complete.client_data = NULL;
    smcallbacks.shutdown_cancelled.callback = xsmp_shutdown_cancelled;
    smcallbacks.shutdown_cancelled.client_data = NULL;

    /* Set up a watch on ICE connection creations.  The "dummy" argument is
     * apparently required for FreeBSD (we get a BUS error when using NULL). */
    if (IceAddConnectionWatch(xsmp_ice_connection, &dummy) == 0)
    {
        if (p_verbose > 0)
            verb_msg((char_u *)_("XSMP ICE connection watch failed"));
        return;
    }

    /* Create an SM connection */
    xsmp.smcconn = SmcOpenConnection(
            NULL,
            NULL,
            SmProtoMajor,
            SmProtoMinor,
            SmcSaveYourselfProcMask | SmcDieProcMask
                     | SmcSaveCompleteProcMask | SmcShutdownCancelledProcMask,
            &smcallbacks,
            NULL,
            &clientid,
            sizeof(errorstring),
            errorstring);
    if (xsmp.smcconn == NULL)
    {
        char errorreport[132];

        if (p_verbose > 0)
        {
            vim_snprintf(errorreport, sizeof(errorreport),
                         _("XSMP SmcOpenConnection failed: %s"), errorstring);
            verb_msg((char_u *)errorreport);
        }
        return;
    }
    xsmp.iceconn = SmcGetIceConnection(xsmp.smcconn);

#if 0
    /* ID ourselves */
    smname.value = "vim";
    smname.length = 3;
    smnameprop.name = "SmProgram";
    smnameprop.type = "SmARRAY8";
    smnameprop.num_vals = 1;
    smnameprop.vals = &smname;

    smprops[0] = &smnameprop;
    SmcSetProperties(xsmp.smcconn, 1, smprops);
#endif
}


/* Shut down XSMP comms. */
    void
xsmp_close()
{
    if (xsmp_icefd != -1)
    {
        SmcCloseConnection(xsmp.smcconn, 0, NULL);
        xsmp_icefd = -1;
    }
}
#endif /* USE_XSMP */


#ifdef EBCDIC
/* Translate character to its CTRL- value */
char CtrlTable[] =
{
/* 00 - 5E */
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
/* ^ */ 0x1E,
/* - */ 0x1F,
/* 61 - 6C */
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
/* _ */ 0x1F,
/* 6E - 80 */
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
/* a */ 0x01,
/* b */ 0x02,
/* c */ 0x03,
/* d */ 0x37,
/* e */ 0x2D,
/* f */ 0x2E,
/* g */ 0x2F,
/* h */ 0x16,
/* i */ 0x05,
/* 8A - 90 */
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
/* j */ 0x15,
/* k */ 0x0B,
/* l */ 0x0C,
/* m */ 0x0D,
/* n */ 0x0E,
/* o */ 0x0F,
/* p */ 0x10,
/* q */ 0x11,
/* r */ 0x12,
/* 9A - A1 */
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
/* s */ 0x13,
/* t */ 0x3C,
/* u */ 0x3D,
/* v */ 0x32,
/* w */ 0x26,
/* x */ 0x18,
/* y */ 0x19,
/* z */ 0x3F,
/* AA - AC */
        0, 0, 0,
/* [ */ 0x27,
/* AE - BC */
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
/* ] */ 0x1D,
/* BE - C0 */ 0, 0, 0,
/* A */ 0x01,
/* B */ 0x02,
/* C */ 0x03,
/* D */ 0x37,
/* E */ 0x2D,
/* F */ 0x2E,
/* G */ 0x2F,
/* H */ 0x16,
/* I */ 0x05,
/* CA - D0 */ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
/* J */ 0x15,
/* K */ 0x0B,
/* L */ 0x0C,
/* M */ 0x0D,
/* N */ 0x0E,
/* O */ 0x0F,
/* P */ 0x10,
/* Q */ 0x11,
/* R */ 0x12,
/* DA - DF */ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
/* \ */ 0x1C,
/* E1 */ 0,
/* S */ 0x13,
/* T */ 0x3C,
/* U */ 0x3D,
/* V */ 0x32,
/* W */ 0x26,
/* X */ 0x18,
/* Y */ 0x19,
/* Z */ 0x3F,
/* EA - FF*/ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
};

char MetaCharTable[]=
{/*   0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   A   B   C   D   E   F */
      0,  0,  0,  0,'\\', 0,'F',  0,'W','M','N',  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
      0,  0,  0,  0,']',  0,  0,'G',  0,  0,'R','O',  0,  0,  0,  0,
    '@','A','B','C','D','E',  0,  0,'H','I','J','K','L',  0,  0,  0,
    'P','Q',  0,'S','T','U','V',  0,'X','Y','Z','[',  0,  0,'^',  0
};


/* TODO: Use characters NOT numbers!!! */
char CtrlCharTable[]=
{/*   0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   A   B   C   D   E   F */
    124,193,194,195,  0,201,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,210,211,212,213,214,
    215,216,217,226,  0,209,200,  0,231,232,  0,  0,224,189, 95,109,
      0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,230,173,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,197,198,199,
      0,  0,229,  0,  0,  0,  0,196,  0,  0,  0,  0,227,228,  0,233,
};


#endif