lib/Image/TIFF.pm

   1 package Image::TIFF;
   2
   3 # Copyright 1999-2001, Gisle Aas.
   4 # Copyright 2006, 2007 Tels
   5 #
   6 # This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   7 # modify it under the same terms as Perl v5.8.8 itself.
   8
   9 use strict;
  10 use vars qw($VERSION);
  11
  12 $VERSION = '1.06';
  13
  14 my @types = (
  15   [ "BYTE",      "C1", 1],
  16   [ "ASCII",     "A1", 1],
  17   [ "SHORT",     "n1", 2],
  18   [ "LONG",      "N1", 4],
  19   [ "RATIONAL",  "N2", 8],
  20   [ "SBYTE",     "c1", 1],
  21   [ "UNDEFINED", "a1", 1],
  22   [ "BINARY",    "a1", 1],  # treat binary data as UNDEFINED
  23   [ "SSHORT",    "n1", 2],
  24   [ "SLONG",     "N1", 4],
  25   [ "SRATIONAL", "N2", 8],
  26   [ "FLOAT",     "f1", 4],  # XXX 4-byte IEEE format
  27   [ "DOUBLE",    "d1", 8],  # XXX 8-byte IEEE format
  28 # XXX TODO:
  29 #  [ "IFD",      "??", ?],  # See ExifTool
  30 );
  31
  32 my %nikon1_tags = (
  33     0x0003 => "Quality",
  34     0x0004 => "ColorMode",
  35     0x0005 => "ImageAdjustment",
  36     0x0006 => "CCDSensitivity",
  37     0x0007 => "Whitebalance",
  38     0x0008 => "Focus",
  39     0x000A => "DigitalZoom",
  40     0x000B => "Converter",
  41 );
  42
  43 my %nikon2_tags = (
  44     0x0001 => "NikonVersion",
  45     0x0002 => "ISOSetting",
  46     0x0003 => "ColorMode",
  47     0x0004 => "Quality",
  48     0x0005 => "Whitebalance",
  49     0x0006 => "ImageSharpening",
  50     0x0007 => "FocusMode",
  51     0x0008 => "FlashSetting",
  52     0x0009 => "FlashMetering",
  53     0x000B => "WBAdjustment",
  54     0x000F => "ISOSelection",
  55     0x0080 => "ImageAdjustment",
  56     0x0082 => "AuxiliaryLens",
  57     0x0084 => "Lens",
  58     0x0085 => "ManualFocusDistance",
  59     0x0086 => "DigitalZoom",
  60     0x0088 => { __TAG__ => "AFFocusPosition",
  61                 pack("xCxx",0) => "Center",
  62                 pack("xCxx",1) => "Top",
  63                 pack("xCxx",2) => "Bottom",
  64                 pack("xCxx",3) => "Left",
  65                 pack("xCxx",4) => "Right",
  66               },
  67     0x008d => "ColorMode",
  68     0x0090 => "FlashType",
  69     0x0095 => "NoiseReduction",
  70     0x0010 => "DataDump",
  71 );
  72
  73 my %olympus_tags = (
  74     0x0200 => "SpecialMode",
  75     0x0201 => { __TAG__ => "JpegQual", 0 => "SQ", 1 => "HQ", 2 => "SHQ" },
  76     0x0202 => { __TAG__ => "Macro", 0 => "Normal", 1 => "Macro" },
  77     0x0204 => "DigiZoom",
  78     0x0207 => "SoftwareRelease",
  79     0x0208 => "PictInfo",
  80     0x0209 => "CameraID",
  81     0x0f00 => "DataDump",
  82 );
  83
  84 my %fujifilm_tags = (
  85     0x0000 => "Version",
  86     0x1000 => "Quality",
  87     0x1001 => { __TAG__ => "Sharpness",
  88                 1 => "Very Soft",
  89                 2 => "Soft",
  90                 3 => "Normal",
  91                 4 => "Hard",
  92                 5 => "Very Hard",
  93               },
  94     0x1002 => { __TAG__ => "WhiteBalance",
  95                 0    => "Auto",
  96                 256  => "Daylight",
  97                 512  => "Cloudy",
  98                 768  => "DaylightColor-fluorescence",
  99                 769  => "DaywhiteColor-fluorescence",
 100                 770  => "White-fluorescence",
 101                 1024 => "Incandenscense",
 102                 3840 => "Custom white balance",
 103               },
 104     0x1003 => { __TAG__ => "Color", 0 => "Normal", 256 => "High", 512 => "Low" },
 105     0x1004 => { __TAG__ => "Tone" , 0 => "Normal", 256 => "High", 512 => "Low" },
 106     0x1010 => { __TAG__ => "FlashMode", 0 => "Auto", 1 => "On", 2 => "Off", 3 => "Red-eye reduction" },
 107     0x1011 => "FlashStrength",
 108     0x1020 => { __TAG__ => "Macro", 0 => "Off", 1 => "On"},
 109     0x1021 => { __TAG__ => "FocusMode", 0 => "Auto", 1 => "Manual" },
 110     0x1030 => { __TAG__ => "SlowSync", 0 => "Off", 1 => "On"},
 111     0x1031 => { __TAG__ => "PictureMode",
 112                 0   => "Auto",
 113                 1   => "Portrait",
 114                 2   => "Landscape",
 115                 4   => "Sports",
 116                 5   => "Night",
 117                 6   => "Program AE",
 118                 256 => "Aperture priority",
 119                 512 => "Shutter priority",
 120                 768 => "Manual",
 121               },
 122     0x1100 => { __TAG__ => "AutoBracketing", 0 => "Off", 1 => "On"},
 123     0x1300 => { __TAG__ => "BlurWarning", 0 => "No", 1 => "Yes"},
 124     0x1301 => { __TAG__ => "FocusWarning", 0 => "No", 1 => "Yes"},
 125     0x1302 => { __TAG__ => "AEWarning", 0 => "No", 1 => "Yes"},
 126 );
 127
 128 my %casio_tags = (
 129     0x0001 => { __TAG__ => "RecordingMode",
 130                 1 => "SingleShutter",
 131                 2 => "Panorama",
 132                 3 => "Night scene",
 133                 4 => "Portrait",
 134                 5 => "Landscape",
 135               },
 136     0x0002 => { __TAG__ => "Quality", 1 => "Economy", 2 => "Normal", 3 => "Fine" },
 137     0x0003 => { __TAG__ => "FocusingMode",
 138                 2 => "Macro",
 139                 3 => "Auto",
 140                 4 => "Manual",
 141                 5 => "Infinity",
 142               },
 143     0x0004 => { __TAG__ => "FlashMode", 1 => "Auto", 2 => "On", 3 => "Off", 4 => "Red-eye reduction" },
 144     0x0005 => { __TAG__ => "FlashIntensity", 11 => "Weak", 13 => "Normal", 15 => "Strong" },
 145     0x0006 => "ObjectDistance",
 146     0x0007 => { __TAG__ => "WhiteBalance",
 147                 1 => "Auto",
 148                 2 => "Tungsten",
 149                 3 => "Daylight",
 150                 4 => "Fluorescent",
 151                 5 => "Shade",
 152                 129 => "Manual",
 153               },
 154     0x000a => { __TAG__ => "DigitalZoom", 65536 => "Off", 65537 => "2X" },
 155     0x000b => { __TAG__ => "Sharpness", 0 => "Normal", 1 => "Soft", 2 => "Hard" },
 156     0x000c => { __TAG__ => "Contrast"  , 0 => "Normal", 1 => "Low", 2 => "High" },
 157     0x000d => { __TAG__ => "Saturation", 0 => "Normal", 1 => "Low", 2 => "High" },
 158     0x0014 => { __TAG__ => "CCDSensitivity",
 159                 64  => "Normal",
 160                 125 => "+1.0",
 161                 250 => "+2.0",
 162                 244 => "+3.0",
 163                 80  => "Normal",
 164                 100 => "High",
 165               },
 166 );
 167
 168 my %canon_0x0001_tags = (
 169      0 => { __TAG__ => "MacroMode", 1 => "Macro", 2 => "Normal" },
 170      1 => "SelfTimer",
 171      2 => { __TAG__ => "Quality", 2 => "Normal", 3 => "Fine", 5 => "SuperFine" },
 172      3 => 'Tag-0x0001-03',
 173      4 => { __TAG__ => 'FlashMode',
 174             0 => 'Flash Not Fired',
 175             1 => 'Auto',
 176             2 => 'On',
 177             3 => 'Red-Eye Reduction',
 178             4 => 'Slow Synchro',
 179             5 => 'Auto + Red-Eye Reduction',
 180             6 => 'On + Red-Eye Reduction',
 181             16 => 'External Flash'
 182           },
 183      5 => { __TAG__ => 'ContinuousDriveMode', 0 => 'Single Or Timer', 1 => 'Continuous' },
 184      6 => 'Tag-0x0001-06',
 185      7 => { __TAG__ => 'FocusMode',
 186             0 => 'One-Shot',
 187             1 => 'AI Servo',
 188             2 => 'AI Focus',
 189             3 => 'MF',
 190             4 => 'Single',
 191             5 => 'Continuous',
 192             6 => 'MF'
 193           },
 194      8 => 'Tag-0x0001-08',
 195      9 => 'Tag-0x0001-09',
 196     10 => { __TAG__ => 'ImageSize', 0 => 'Large', 1 => 'Medium', 2 => 'Small' },
 197     11 => { __TAG__ => 'EasyShootingMode',
 198             0 => 'Full Auto',
 199             1 => 'Manual',
 200             2 => 'Landscape',
 201             3 => 'Fast Shutter',
 202             4 => 'Slow Shutter',
 203             5 => 'Night',
 204             6 => 'B&W',
 205             7 => 'Sepia',
 206             8 => 'Portrait',
 207             9 => 'Sports',
 208             10 => 'Macro/Close-Up',
 209             11 => 'Pan Focus'
 210          },
 211     12 => { __TAG__ => 'DigitalZoom', 0 => 'None', 1 => '2x', 2 => '4x' },
 212     13 => { __TAG__ => 'Contrast', 0xFFFF => 'Low', 0 => 'Normal', 1 => 'High' },
 213     14 => { __TAG__ => 'Saturation', 0xFFFF => 'Low', 0 => 'Normal', 1 => 'High' },
 214     15 => { __TAG__ => 'Sharpness', 0xFFFF => 'Low', 0 => 'Normal', 1 => 'High' },
 215     16 => { __TAG__ => 'ISO',
 216             0 => 'See ISOSpeedRatings Tag',
 217             15 => 'Auto',
 218             16 => '50',
 219             17 => '100',
 220             18 => '200',
 221             19 => '400'
 222          },
 223     17 => { __TAG__ => 'MeteringMode', 3 => 'Evaluative', 4 => 'Partial', 5 => 'Center-Weighted' },
 224     18 => { __TAG__ => 'FocusType',
 225             0 => 'Manual',
 226             1 => 'Auto',
 227             3 => 'Close-Up (Macro)',
 228             8 => 'Locked (Pan Mode)'
 229          },
 230     19 => { __TAG__ => 'AFPointSelected',
 231             0x3000 => 'None { __TAG__ => MF)',
 232             0x3001 => 'Auto-Selected',
 233             0x3002 => 'Right',
 234             0x3003 => 'Center',
 235             0x3004 => 'Left'
 236          },
 237     20 => { __TAG__ => 'ExposureMode',
 238             0 => 'Easy Shooting',
 239             1 => 'Program',
 240             2 => 'Tv-priority',
 241             3 => 'Av-priority',
 242             4 => 'Manual',
 243             5 => 'A-DEP'
 244          },
 245     21 => 'Tag-0x0001-21',
 246     22 => 'Tag-0x0001-22',
 247     23 => 'LongFocalLengthOfLensInFocalUnits',
 248     24 => 'ShortFocalLengthOfLensInFocalUnits',
 249     25 => 'FocalUnitsPerMM',
 250     26 => 'Tag-0x0001-26',
 251     27 => 'Tag-0x0001-27',
 252     28 => { __TAG__ => 'FlashActivity', 0 => 'Did Not Fire', 1 => 'Fired' },
 253     29 => { __TAG__ => 'FlashDetails',
 254             14 => 'External E-TTL',
 255             13 => 'Internal Flash',
 256             11 => 'FP Sync Used',
 257             7 => '2nd ("Rear")-Curtain Sync Used',
 258             4 => 'FP Sync Enabled'
 259          },
 260     30 => 'Tag-0x0001-30',
 261     31 => 'Tag-0x0001-31',
 262     32 => { __TAG__ => 'FocusMode', 0 => 'Single', 1 => 'Continuous' },
 263 );
 264
 265 my %canon_0x0004_tags = (
 266     7 => { __TAG__ => 'WhiteBalance',
 267            0 => 'Auto',
 268            1 => 'Sunny',
 269            2 => 'Cloudy',
 270            3 => 'Tungsten',
 271            4 => 'Fluorescent',
 272            5 => 'Flash',
 273            6 => 'Custom'
 274          },
 275     9 => 'SequenceNumber',
 276     14 => 'AFPointUsed',
 277     15 => { __TAG__ => 'FlashBias',
 278            0xFFC0 => '-2 EV',
 279            0xFFCC => '-1.67 EV',
 280            0xFFD0 => '-1.50 EV',
 281            0xFFD4 => '-1.33 EV',
 282            0xFFE0 => '-1 EV',
 283            0xFFEC => '-0.67 EV',
 284            0xFFF0 => '-0.50 EV',
 285            0xFFF4 => '-0.33 EV',
 286            0x0000 => '0 EV',
 287            0x000C => '0.33 EV',
 288            0x0010 => '0.50 EV',
 289            0x0014 => '0.67 EV',
 290            0x0020 => '1 EV',
 291            0x002C => '1.33 EV',
 292            0x0030 => '1.50 EV',
 293            0x0034 => '1.67 EV',
 294            0x0040 => '2 EV',
 295          },
 296     19 => 'SubjectDistance'
 297 );
 298
 299
 300 my %canon_tags = (
 301     0x0001 => { __TAG__ => "Custom_0x0001", __ARRAYOFFSET__ => \%canon_0x0001_tags },
 302     0x0004 => { __TAG__ => "Custom_0x0004", __ARRAYOFFSET__ => \%canon_0x0004_tags },
 303     0x0006 => "ImageType",
 304     0x0007 => "FirmwareVersion",
 305     0x0008 => "ImageNumber",
 306     0x0009 => "OwnerName",
 307     0x000c => "SerialNumber",
 308 );
 309
 310 # see http://www.compton.nu/panasonic.html
 311
 312 my %panasonic_tags = (
 313     0x0001 => { __TAG__ => "ImageQuality",
 314         2 => 'High',
 315         3 => 'Normal',
 316         6 => 'Very High',       #3 (Leica)
 317         7 => 'Raw',             #3 (Leica)
 318         },
 319     0x0002 => "FirmwareVersion",
 320     0x0003 => { __TAG__ => "WhiteBalance",
 321         1 => 'Auto',
 322         2 => 'Daylight',
 323         3 => 'Cloudy',
 324         4 => 'Halogen',
 325         5 => 'Manual',
 326         8 => 'Flash',
 327         10 => 'Black & White', #3 (Leica)
 328         },
 329     0x0007 => { __TAG__ => "FocusMode",
 330         1 => 'Auto',
 331         2 => 'Manual',
 332         5 => 'Auto, Continuous',
 333         4 => 'Auto, Focus button',
 334         },
 335     0x000f => { __TAG__ => "SpotMode",
 336         # XXX TODO: does not decode properly
 337         "0,1" => 'On',
 338         "0,16" => 'Off',
 339         },
 340     0x001a => { __TAG__ => "ImageStabilizer",
 341         2 => 'On, Mode 1',
 342         3 => 'Off',
 343         4 => 'On, Mode 2',
 344         },
 345     0x001c => { __TAG__ => "MacroMode",
 346         1 => 'On',
 347         2 => 'Off',
 348         },
 349     0x001f => { __TAG__ => "ShootingMode",
 350         1  => 'Normal',
 351         2  => 'Portrait',
 352         3  => 'Scenery',
 353         4  => 'Sports',
 354         5  => 'Night Portrait',
 355         6  => 'Program',
 356         7  => 'Aperture Priority',
 357         8  => 'Shutter Priority',
 358         9  => 'Macro',
 359         11 => 'Manual',
 360         13 => 'Panning',
 361         18 => 'Fireworks',
 362         19 => 'Party',
 363         20 => 'Snow',
 364         21 => 'Night Scenery',
 365         },
 366     0x0020 => { __TAG__ => "Audio",
 367         1 => 'Yes',
 368         2 => 'No',
 369         },
 370     0x0021 => "DataDump",
 371     0x0022 => "Panasonic 0x0022",
 372     0x0023 => "WhiteBalanceBias",
 373     0x0024 => "FlashBias",
 374     0x0025 => "SerialNumber",
 375     0x0026 => "Panasonic 0x0026",
 376     0x0027 => "Panasonic 0x0027",
 377     0x0028 => { __TAG__ => "ColorEffect",
 378         1 => 'Off',
 379         2 => 'Warm',
 380         3 => 'Cool',
 381         4 => 'Black & White',
 382         5 => 'Sepia',
 383         },
 384     0x0029 => "Panasonic 0x0029",
 385     0x002a => { __TAG__ => "BurstMode",
 386         0 => 'Off',
 387         1 => 'Low/High Quality',
 388         2 => 'Infinite',
 389         },
 390     0x002b => "ImageSequenceNumber",
 391     0x002c => { __TAG__ => "Contrast",
 392         0 => 'Normal',
 393         1 => 'Low',
 394         2 => 'High',
 395         0x100 => 'Low',         # Leica
 396         0x110 => 'Normal',      # Leica
 397         0x120 => 'High',        # Leica
 398         },
 399     0x002d => { __TAG__ => "NoiseReduction",
 400         0 => 'Standard',
 401         1 => 'Low',
 402         2 => 'High',
 403         },
 404     0x002e => { __TAG__ => "SelfTimer",
 405         1 => 'Off',
 406         2 => '10s',
 407         3 => '2s',
 408         },
 409     0x002f => "Panasonic 0x002f",
 410     0x0030 => "Panasonic 0x0030",
 411     0x0031 => "Panasonic 0x0031",
 412     0x0032 => "Panasonic 0x0032",
 413 );
 414
 415 # format:
 416 #    "Make Model" => [ Offset, 'Tag_prefix', ptr to tags ]
 417 # Offset is either 0, or a positive number of Bytes.
 418 # Offset -1 or -2 means a kludge for Fuji or Nikon
 419
 420 my %makernotes = (
 421     "NIKON CORPORATION NIKON D1"        => [0,  'NikonD1', \%nikon2_tags],
 422     "NIKON CORPORATION NIKON D70"       => [-2, 'NikonD1', \%nikon2_tags],
 423     "NIKON CORPORATION NIKON D100"      => [-2, 'NikonD1', \%nikon2_tags],
 424
 425     # For the following manufacturers we simple discard the model and always
 426     # decode the MakerNote in the same manner. This makes it work with all
 427     # models, even yet unreleased ones. (That's better than the very limited
 428     # list of models we previously had)
 429
 430     "CANON"             => [0, 'Canon', \%canon_tags],
 431     'PANASONIC'         => [12, 'Panasonic', \%panasonic_tags],
 432     "FUJIFILM"          => [-1, 'FinePix', \%fujifilm_tags],
 433     "CASIO"             => [0, 'Casio', \%casio_tags],
 434     "OLYMPUS"           => [8, 'Olympus', \%olympus_tags],
 435 );
 436
 437 BEGIN
 438   {
 439   # add some Nikon cameras
 440   for my $model (qw/E700 E800 E900 E900S E910 E950/)
 441     {
 442     $makernotes{'NIKON ' . $model} = [8, 'CoolPix', \%nikon1_tags];
 443     }
 444   for my $model (qw/E880 E990 E995/)
 445     {
 446     $makernotes{'NIKON ' . $model} = [0, 'CoolPix', \%nikon2_tags];
 447     }
 448   }
 449
 450 my %exif_intr_tags = (
 451     0x1    => "InteroperabilityIndex",
 452     0x2    => "InteroperabilityVersion",
 453     0x1000 => "RelatedImageFileFormat",
 454     0x1001 => "RelatedImageWidth",
 455     0x1002 => "RelatedImageLength",
 456 );
 457
 458 # Tag decode helpers
 459 sub components_configuration_decoder;
 460 sub file_source_decoder;
 461 sub scene_type_decoder;
 462
 463 my %exif_tags = (
 464     0x828D => "CFARepeatPatternDim",
 465     0x828E => "CFAPattern",
 466     0x828F => "BatteryLevel",
 467     0x8298 => "Copyright",
 468     0x829A => "ExposureTime",
 469     0x829D => "FNumber",
 470     0x83BB => "IPTC/NAA",
 471     0x8769 => "ExifOffset",
 472     0x8773 => "InterColorProfile",
 473     0x8822 => { __TAG__ => "ExposureProgram",
 474                 0 => "unknown",
 475                 1 => "Manual",
 476                 2 => "Program",
 477                 3 => "Aperture priority",
 478                 4 => "Shutter priority",
 479                 5 => "Program creative",
 480                 6 => "Program action",
 481                 7 => "Portrait",
 482                 8 => "Landscape",
 483                 # 9 .. 255 reserved
 484               },
 485     0x8824 => "SpectralSensitivity",
 486     0x8827 => "ISOSpeedRatings",
 487     0x8828 => "OECF",
 488     0x9000 => "ExifVersion",
 489     0x9003 => "DateTimeOriginal",
 490     0x9004 => "DateTimeDigitized",
 491     0x9101 => { __TAG__ => "ComponentsConfiguration",
 492                 DECODER => \&components_configuration_decoder,
 493               },
 494     0x9102 => "CompressedBitsPerPixel",
 495     0x9201 => "ShutterSpeedValue",
 496     0x9202 => "ApertureValue",
 497     0x9203 => "BrightnessValue",
 498     0x9204 => "ExposureBiasValue",
 499     0x9205 => "MaxApertureValue",
 500     0x9206 => "SubjectDistance",
 501     0x9207 => { __TAG__ => "MeteringMode",
 502                 0 => "unknown",
 503                 1 => "Average",
 504                 2 => "CenterWeightedAverage",
 505                 3 => "Spot",
 506                 4 => "MultiSpot",
 507                 5 => "Pattern",
 508                 6 => "Partial",
 509                 # 7 .. 254 reserved in EXIF 1.2
 510                 255 => "other",
 511               },
 512     0x9208 => { __TAG__ => "LightSource",
 513                 0 => "unknown",
 514                 1 => "Daylight",
 515                 2 => "Fluorescent",
 516                 3 => "Tungsten",
 517                 4 => "Flash",
 518                 # 5 .. 8 reserveed in EXIF 2.2
 519                 9 => "Fine weather",
 520                 10 => "Cloudy weather",
 521                 11 => "Shade",
 522                 12 => "Daylight fluorescent (D 5700-7100K)",
 523                 13 => "Day white fluorescent (N 4600-5400K)",
 524                 14 => "Cool white fluorescent (W 3900-4500K)",
 525                 15 => "White fluorescent (WW 3200-3700K)",
 526                 17 => "Standard light A",
 527                 18 => "Standard light B",
 528                 19 => "Standard light C",
 529                 20 => "D55",
 530                 21 => "D65",
 531                 22 => "D75",
 532                 23 => "D50",
 533                 24 => "ISO studio tungesten",
 534                 # 25 .. 254 reserved in EXIF 2.2
 535                 255 => "other light source",
 536               },
 537     0x9209 => { __TAG__ => "Flash",
 538                 0x0000 => "Flash did not fire",
 539                 0x0001 => "Flash fired",
 540                 0x0005 => "Strobe return light not detected",
 541                 0x0007 => "Strobe return light detected",
 542                 0x0009 => "Flash fired, compulsory flash mode",
 543                 0x000D => "Flash fired, compulsory flash mode, return light not detected",
 544                 0x000F => "Flash fired, compulsory flash mode, return light detected",
 545                 0x0010 => "Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode",
 546                 0x0018 => "Flash did not fire, auto mode",
 547                 0x0019 => "Flash fired, auto mode",
 548                 0x001D => "Flash fired, auto mode, return light not detected",
 549                 0x001F => "Flash fired, auto mode, return light detected",
 550                 0x0020 => "No flash function",
 551                 0x0041 => "Flash fired, red-eye reduction mode",
 552                 0x0045 => "Flash fired, red-eye reduction mode, return light not detected",
 553                 0x0047 => "Flash fired, red-eye reduction mode, return light detected",
 554                 0x0049 => "Flash fired, compulsory flash mode, red-eye reduction mode",
 555                 0x004D => "Flash fired, compulsory flash mode, red-eye reduction mode, return light not detected",
 556                 0x004F => "Flash fired, compulsory flash mode, red-eye reduction mode, return light detected",
 557                 0x0059 => "Flash fired, auto mode, red-eye reduction mode",
 558                 0x005D => "Flash fired, auto mode, return light not detected, red-eye reduction mode",
 559                 0x005F => "Flash fired, auto mode, return light detected, red-eye reduction mode"
 560                 },
 561     0x920A => "FocalLength",
 562     0x9214 => "SubjectArea",
 563     0x927C => "MakerNote",
 564     0x9286 => "UserComment",
 565     0x9290 => "SubSecTime",
 566     0x9291 => "SubSecTimeOriginal",
 567     0x9292 => "SubSecTimeDigitized",
 568     0xA000 => "FlashPixVersion",
 569     0xA001 => "ColorSpace",
 570     0xA002 => "ExifImageWidth",
 571     0xA003 => "ExifImageLength",
 572     0xA004 => "RelatedAudioFile",
 573     0xA005 => {__TAG__ => "InteroperabilityOffset",
 574                __SUBIFD__ => \%exif_intr_tags,
 575               },
 576     0xA20B => "FlashEnergy",                  # 0x920B in TIFF/EP
 577     0xA20C => "SpatialFrequencyResponse",     # 0x920C    -  -
 578     0xA20E => "FocalPlaneXResolution",        # 0x920E    -  -
 579     0xA20F => "FocalPlaneYResolution",        # 0x920F    -  -
 580     0xA210 => { __TAG__ => "FocalPlaneResolutionUnit",     # 0x9210    -  -
 581                 1 => "pixels",
 582                 2 => "dpi",
 583                 3 => "dpcm",
 584               },
 585     0xA214 => "SubjectLocation",              # 0x9214    -  -
 586     0xA215 => "ExposureIndex",                # 0x9215    -  -
 587     0xA217 => {__TAG__ => "SensingMethod",
 588                 1 => "Not defined",
 589                 2 => "One-chip color area sensor",
 590                 3 => "Two-chip color area sensor",
 591                 4 => "Three-chip color area sensor",
 592                 5 => "Color sequential area sensor",
 593                 7 => "Trilinear sensor",
 594                 8 => "Color sequential linear sensor"
 595                 },
 596     0xA300 => {__TAG__ => "FileSource",
 597                DECODER => \&file_source_decoder,
 598               },
 599     0xA301 => {__TAG__ => "SceneType",
 600                DECODER => \&scene_type_decoder,
 601               },
 602     0xA302 => "CFAPattern",
 603     0xA401 => {__TAG__ => "CustomRendered",
 604                 0 => "Normal process",
 605                 1 => "Custom process"
 606                 },
 607     0xA402 => {__TAG__ => "ExposureMode",
 608                 0 => "Auto exposure",
 609                 1 => "Manual exposure",
 610                 2 => "Auto bracket"
 611                 },
 612     0xA403 => {__TAG__ => "WhiteBalance",
 613                 0 => "Auto white balance",
 614                 1 => "Manual white balance"
 615                 },
 616     0xA404 => "DigitalZoomRatio",
 617     0xA405 => "FocalLengthIn35mmFilm",
 618     0xA406 => {__TAG__ => "SceneCaptureType",
 619                 0 => "Standard",
 620                 1 => "Landscape",
 621                 2 => "Portrait",
 622                 3 => "Night Scene"
 623                 },
 624     0xA407 => {__TAG__ => "GainControl",
 625                 0 => "None",
 626                 1 => "Low gain up",
 627                 2 => "High gain up",
 628                 3 => "Low gain down",
 629                 4 => "High gain down"
 630                 },
 631     0xA408 => {__TAG__ => "Contrast",
 632                 0 => "Normal",
 633                 1 => "Soft",
 634                 2 => "Hard"
 635                 },
 636     0xA409 => {__TAG__ => "Saturation",
 637                 0 => "Normal",
 638                 1 => "Low saturation",
 639                 2 => "High saturation"
 640                 },
 641     0xA40A => {__TAG__ => "Sharpness",
 642                 0 => "Normal",
 643                 1 => "Soft",
 644                 2 => "Hard"
 645                 },
 646     0xA40B => "DeviceSettingDescription",
 647     0xA40C => {__TAG__ => "SubjectDistanceRange",
 648                 0 => "Unknown",
 649                 1 => "Macro",
 650                 2 => "Close view",
 651                 3 => "Distant view"
 652                 },
 653     0xA420 => "ImageUniqueID",
 654 );
 655
 656 my %gps_tags = (
 657     0x0000 => 'GPSVersionID',
 658     0x0001 => 'GPSLatitudeRef',
 659     0x0002 => 'GPSLatitude',
 660     0x0003 => 'GPSLongitudeRef',
 661     0x0004 => 'GPSLongitude',
 662     0x0005 => 'GPSAltitudeRef',
 663     0x0006 => 'GPSAltitude',
 664     0x0007 => 'GPSTimeStamp',
 665     0x0008 => 'GPSSatellites',
 666     0x0009 => 'GPSStatus',
 667     0x000A => 'GPSMeasureMode',
 668     0x000B => 'GPSDOP',
 669     0x000C => 'GPSSpeedRef',
 670     0x000D => 'GPSSpeed',
 671     0x000E => 'GPSTrackRef',
 672     0x000F => 'GPSTrack',
 673     0x0010 => 'GPSImgDirectionRef',
 674     0x0011 => 'GPSImgDirection',
 675     0x0012 => 'GPSMapDatum',
 676     0x0013 => 'GPSDestLatitudeRef',
 677     0x0014 => 'GPSDestLatitude',
 678     0x0015 => 'GPSDestLongitudeRef',
 679     0x0016 => 'GPSDestLongitude',
 680     0x0017 => 'GPSDestBearingRef',
 681     0x0018 => 'GPSDestBearing',
 682     0x0019 => 'GPSDestDistanceRef',
 683     0x001A => 'GPSDestDistance',
 684     0x001B => 'GPSProcessingMethod',
 685     0x001C => 'GPSAreaInformation',
 686     0x001D => 'GPSDateStamp',
 687     0x001E => 'GPSDifferential',
 688 );
 689
 690 my %tiff_tags = (
 691   254   => { __TAG__ => "NewSubfileType",
 692              1 => "ReducedResolution",
 693              2 => "SinglePage",
 694              4 => "TransparencyMask",
 695          },
 696   255   => { __TAG__ => "SubfileType",
 697              1 => "FullResolution",
 698              2 => "ReducedResolution",
 699              3 => "SinglePage",
 700            },
 701   256   => "width",
 702   257   => "height",
 703   258   => "BitsPerSample",
 704   259   => { __TAG__ => "Compression",
 705                 1 => "PackBytes",
 706                 2 => "CCITT Group3",
 707                 3 => "CCITT T4",
 708                 4 => "CCITT T6",
 709                 5 => "LZW",
 710                 6 => "JPEG",
 711                 7 => "JPEG DCT",
 712                 8 => "Deflate (Adobe)",
 713                 32766 => "NeXT 2-bit RLE",
 714                 32771 => "#1 w/ word alignment",
 715                 32773 => "PackBits (Macintosh RLE)",
 716                 32809 => "ThunderScan RLE",
 717                 32895 => "IT8 CT w/padding",
 718                 32896 => "IT8 Linework RLE",
 719                 32897 => "IT8 Monochrome picture",
 720                 32898 => "IT8 Binary line art",
 721                 32908 => "Pixar companded 10bit LZW",
 722                 32909 => "Pixar companded 11bit ZIP",
 723                 32946 => "Deflate",
 724            },
 725   262   => { __TAG__ => "PhotometricInterpretation",
 726              0 => "WhiteIsZero",
 727              1 => "BlackIsZero",
 728              2 => "RGB",
 729              3 => "RGB Palette",
 730              4 => "Transparency Mask",
 731              5 => "CMYK",
 732              6 => "YCbCr",
 733              8 => "CIELab",
 734            },
 735   263   => { __TAG__ => "Threshholding",
 736              1 => "NoDithering",
 737              2 => "OrderedDither",
 738              3 => "Randomized",
 739            },
 740   266   => { __TAG__ => "FillOrder",
 741              1 => "LowInHigh",
 742              2 => "HighInLow",
 743            },
 744   269   => "DocumentName",
 745   270   => "ImageDescription",
 746   271   => "Make",
 747   272   => "Model",
 748   273   => "StripOffsets",
 749   274   => { __TAG__ => "Orientation",
 750              1 => "top_left",
 751              2 => "top_right",
 752              3 => "bot_right",
 753              4 => "bot_left",
 754              5 => "left_top",
 755              6 => "right_top",
 756              7 => "right_bot",
 757              8 => "left_bot",
 758            },
 759   277   => "SamplesPerPixel",
 760   278   => "RowsPerStrip",
 761   279   => "StripByteCounts",
 762   282   => "XResolution",
 763   283   => "YResolution",
 764   284   => {__TAG__ => "PlanarConfiguration",
 765             1 => "Chunky", 2 => "Planar",
 766         },
 767   296   => {__TAG__ => "ResolutionUnit",
 768             1 => "pixels", 2 => "dpi", 3 => "dpcm",
 769            },
 770   297   => "PageNumber",
 771   301   => "TransferFunction",
 772   305   => "Software",
 773   306   => "DateTime",
 774   315   => "Artist",
 775   316   => "Host",
 776   318   => "WhitePoint",
 777   319   => "PrimaryChromaticities",
 778   320   => "ColorMap",
 779   513   => "JPEGInterchangeFormat",
 780   514   => "JPEGInterchangeFormatLength",
 781   529   => "YCbCrCoefficients",
 782   530   => "YCbCrSubSampling",
 783   531   => "YCbCrPositioning",
 784   532   => "ReferenceBlackWhite",
 785   33432 => "Copyright",
 786   34665 => { __TAG__ => "ExifOffset",
 787              __SUBIFD__ => \%exif_tags,
 788            },
 789   34853 => { __TAG__ => "GPSInfo",
 790              __SUBIFD__ => \%gps_tags,
 791            },
 792 );
 793
 794
 795 sub new
 796 {
 797     my $class = shift;
 798     my $source = shift;
 799
 800     if (!ref($source)) {
 801         local(*F);
 802         open(F, $source) || return;
 803         binmode(F);
 804         $source = \*F;
 805     }
 806
 807     if (ref($source) ne "SCALAR") {
 808         # XXX should really only read the file on demand
 809         local($/);  # slurp mode
 810         my $data = <$source>;
 811         $source = \$data;
 812     }
 813
 814     my $self = bless { source => $source }, $class;
 815
 816     for ($$source) {
 817         my $byte_order = substr($_, 0, 2);
 818         $self->{little_endian} = ($byte_order eq "II");
 819         $self->{version} = $self->unpack("n", substr($_, 2, 2));
 820
 821         my $ifd = $self->unpack("N", substr($_, 4, 4));
 822         while ($ifd) {
 823             push(@{$self->{ifd}}, $ifd);
 824             my($num_fields) = $self->unpack("x$ifd n", $_);
 825             my $next_ifd = $self->unpack("N", substr($_, $ifd + 2 + $num_fields*12, 4));
 826             # guard against (bug #26127)
 827             $next_ifd = 0 if $next_ifd > length($_);
 828             # guard against looping ifd (bug #26130)
 829             if ($next_ifd <= $ifd) {
 830                 # bad TIFF header - would cause a loop or strange results
 831                 last;
 832             }
 833         $ifd = $next_ifd;
 834         }
 835     }
 836
 837     $self;
 838 }
 839
 840 sub unpack
 841 {
 842     my $self = shift;
 843     my $template = shift;
 844     if ($self->{little_endian}) {
 845         $template =~ tr/nN/vV/;
 846     }
 847     #print "UNPACK $template\n";
 848     CORE::unpack($template, $_[0]);
 849 }
 850
 851 sub num_ifds
 852 {
 853     my $self = shift;
 854     scalar @{$self->{ifd}};
 855 }
 856
 857 sub ifd
 858 {
 859     my $self = shift;
 860     my $num = shift || 0;
 861     my @ifd;
 862
 863     $self->add_fields($self->{ifd}[$num], \@ifd);
 864 }
 865
 866 sub tagname
 867 {
 868     $tiff_tags{$_[1]} || sprintf "Tag-0x%04x",$_[1];
 869 }
 870
 871 sub exif_tagname
 872 {
 873     $tiff_tags{$_[1]} || $exif_tags{$_[1]} || sprintf "Tag-0x%04x",$_[1];
 874 }
 875
 876 sub add_fields
 877 {
 878     my($self, $offset, $ifds, $tags, $voff_plus) = @_;
 879     return unless $offset;
 880     # guard against finding the same offset twice (bug #29088)
 881     return if $self->{seen_offset}{$offset}++;
 882     $tags ||= \%tiff_tags;
 883
 884     for (${$self->{source}}) {  # alias as $_
 885         last if $offset > length($_) - 2;  # bad offset
 886         my $entries = $self->unpack("x$offset n", $_);
 887         my $max_entries = int((length($_) - $offset - 2) / 12);
 888         # print "ENTRIES $entries $max_entries\n";
 889         if ($entries > $max_entries) {
 890             # Hmmm, something smells bad here...  parsing garbage
 891             $entries = $max_entries;
 892             last;
 893         }
 894       FIELD:
 895         for my $i (0 .. $entries-1) {
 896             my $entry_offset = 2 + $offset + $i*12;
 897             my($tag, $type, $count, $voff) =
 898                 $self->unpack("nnNN", substr($_, $entry_offset, 12));
 899             #print STDERR "TAG $tag $type $count $voff\n";
 900
 901             if ($type == 0 || $type > @types) {
 902                 # unknown type code might indicate that we are parsing garbage
 903                 print STDERR "# Ignoring unknown type code $type\n";
 904                 next;
 905             }
 906
 907             # extract type information
 908             my($tmpl, $vlen);
 909             ($type, $tmpl, $vlen) = @{$types[$type-1]};
 910
 911             die "Undefined type while parsing" unless $type;
 912
 913             if ($count * $vlen <= 4) {
 914                 $voff = $entry_offset + 8;
 915             }
 916             elsif ($voff + $count * $vlen > length($_)) {
 917                 # offset points outside of string, corrupt entry ignore
 918                 print STDERR "# ignoring offset pointer outside of string\n";
 919                 next;
 920             }
 921             else {
 922                 $voff += $voff_plus || 0;
 923             }
 924
 925             $tmpl =~ s/(\d+)$/$count*$1/e;
 926
 927             my @v = $self->unpack("x$voff $tmpl", $_);
 928
 929             if ($type =~ /^S(SHORT|LONG|RATIONAL)/) {
 930                 my $max = 2 ** ($1 eq "SHORT" ? 15 : 31);
 931                 $v[0] -= ($max * 2) if $v[0] >= $max;
 932             }
 933
 934             my $val = (@v > 1) ? \@v : $v[0];
 935             bless $val, "Image::TIFF::Rational" if $type =~ /^S?RATIONAL$/;
 936
 937             if ($type eq 'ASCII' || $type eq 'UNDEFINED')
 938                 {
 939                 if ($val =~ /\0[^\0]+\z/)
 940                     {
 941                     # cut out the first "ASCII\0" and take the remaining text
 942                     # (fix bug #29243 parsing of UserComment)
 943                     # XXX TODO: this needs to handle UNICODE, too:
 944                     $val =~ /\0([^\0]+)/;
 945                     $val = '' . ($1 || '');
 946                     }
 947                 else
 948                     {
 949                     # avoid things like "Foo\x00\x00\x00" by removing trailing nulls
 950                     # this needs to handle UNICODE, too:
 951                     $val =~ /^([^\0]*)/;
 952                     $val = '' . ($1 || '');
 953                     }
 954                 }
 955
 956             $tag = $tags->{$tag} || $self->tagname($tag);
 957
 958             if ($tag eq 'MakerNote')
 959                 {
 960                 my $maker = uc($self->{Make} || '');
 961                 $maker =~ /^([A-Z]+)/; $maker = $1 || ''; # "OLYMPUS ..." > "OLYMPUS"
 962
 963                 # if 'Panasonic' doesn't exist, try 'Panasonic DMC-FZ5'
 964                 $maker = $self->{Make}.' '.$self->{Model}
 965                     unless exists $makernotes{$maker};
 966
 967                 if (exists $makernotes{$maker}) {
 968                     my ($ifd_off, $tag_prefix, $sub) = @{$makernotes{$maker}};
 969
 970                     #print STDERR "# Decoding Makernotes from $maker\n";
 971
 972                     $self->{tag_prefix} = $tag_prefix;
 973                     if ($ifd_off == -1) {
 974                         # fuji kludge -  http://www.butaman.ne.jp/~tsuruzoh/Computer/Digicams/exif-e.html#APP4
 975                         my $save_endian = $self->{little_endian};
 976                         $self->{little_endian} = 1;
 977                         $ifd_off = $self->unpack("N", substr($val, 8, 4));
 978                         $self->add_fields($voff+$ifd_off, $ifds, $sub, $voff);
 979                         $self->{little_endian} = $save_endian;
 980                     } elsif ($ifd_off == -2) {
 981                         # Nikon D70/D100 kludge -- word "Nikon" and 5
 982                         # bytes of data is tacked to the front of MakerNote;
 983                         # all EXIF offsets are relative to MakerNote section
 984                         my ($nikon_voff);
 985                         $nikon_voff = 0;
 986                         if (substr($val, 0, 5) eq 'Nikon') {
 987                             $nikon_voff = $voff+10;
 988                         }
 989                         #print "IFD_OFF $ifd_off NIKON_VOFF $nikon_voff\n";
 990                         $self->add_fields($voff+18, $ifds, $sub, $nikon_voff);
 991                     } else {
 992                         $self->add_fields($voff+$ifd_off, $ifds, $sub)
 993                     }
 994                     delete $self->{tag_prefix};
 995                     next FIELD;
 996                 }
 997             }
 998
 999             if (ref($tag)) {
1000                 die "Assert" unless ref($tag) eq "HASH";
1001                 if (my $sub = $tag->{__SUBIFD__}) {
1002                     next if $val < 0 || $val > length($_);
1003                     #print "SUBIFD $tag->{__TAG__} $val ", length($_), "\n";
1004                     $self->add_fields($val, $ifds, $sub);
1005                     next FIELD;
1006                 }
1007                 if (my $sub = $tag->{__ARRAYOFFSET__}) {
1008                     my $prefix = $tag = $self->{tag_prefix} . '-' if $self->{tag_prefix};
1009                     for (my $i=0; $i < @$val; $i++) {
1010                       if ( exists($sub->{$i}) )
1011                       { if ( ref($sub->{$i}) eq "HASH" && exists($sub->{$i}->{__TAG__}) )
1012                         { if ( exists($sub->{$i}->{$val->[$i]}) )
1013                             {
1014                             push @$ifds, [ $prefix . $sub->{$i}->{__TAG__}, $type, $count,
1015                                  $sub->{$i}->{$val->[$i]} ];
1016                             }
1017                           else
1018                             {
1019                                 push @$ifds, [ $prefix . $sub->{$i}->{__TAG__}, $type, $count,
1020                                    "Unknown (" . $val->[$i] . ")" ];
1021                             }
1022                         }
1023                         else
1024                         { push @$ifds, [ $prefix . $sub->{$i}, $type, $count, $val->[$i] ]; }
1025                       }
1026                     }
1027                     next FIELD;
1028                 }
1029                 #hack for UNDEFINED values, they all have different
1030                 #meanings depending on tag
1031                 $val = &{$tag->{DECODER}}($self,$val) if defined($tag->{DECODER});
1032                 $val = $tag->{$val} if exists $tag->{$val};
1033                 $tag = $tag->{__TAG__};
1034             }
1035
1036         $tag = $self->{tag_prefix} . '-' . $tag if $self->{tag_prefix};
1037
1038         #if ( $val =~ m/ARRAY/ ) { $val = join(', ',@$val); }
1039             push @$ifds, [ $tag, $type, $count, $val ];
1040
1041         $self->{$tag} = $val if ($tag eq 'Make' or $tag eq 'Model');
1042         }
1043     }
1044
1045     $ifds;
1046 }
1047
1048 sub components_configuration_decoder
1049 {
1050     my $self = shift;
1051     my $val = shift;
1052     my $rv = "";
1053     my %v = (
1054                 0 => undef,
1055                 1 => 'Y',
1056                 2 => 'Cb',
1057                 3 => 'Cr',
1058                 4 => 'R',
1059                 5 => 'G',
1060                 6 => 'B',
1061             );
1062 return join ( '', map { $v{$_} if defined($v{$_}) } $self->unpack('c4',$val) );
1063 }
1064
1065 sub file_source_decoder
1066 {
1067     my $self = shift;
1068     my $val = shift;
1069     my %v = (
1070                 3 => "(DSC) Digital Still Camera",
1071             );
1072     $val = $self->unpack('c',$val);
1073     return $v{$val} if $v{$val};
1074     "Other";
1075 }
1076
1077 sub scene_type_decoder
1078 {
1079     my $self = shift;
1080     my $val = shift;
1081     my %v = (
1082                 1 => "Directly Photographed Image",
1083             );
1084     $val = $self->unpack('c',$val);
1085     return $v{$val} if $v{$val};
1086     "Other";
1087 }
1088
1089 package Image::TIFF::Rational;
1090
1091 use overload '""' => \&as_string,
1092              '0+' => \&as_float,
1093              fallback => 1;
1094
1095 sub new {
1096     my($class, $a, $b) = @_;
1097     bless [$a, $b], $class;
1098 }
1099
1100 sub as_string {
1101     my $self = shift;
1102     #warn "@$self";
1103     "$self->[0]/$self->[1]";
1104 }
1105
1106 sub as_float {
1107     my $self = shift;
1108
1109     # We check here because some stupid cameras (Samsung Digimax 200)
1110     # use rationals with 0 denominator (found in thumbnail resolution spec).
1111     if ($self->[1]) {
1112         return $self->[0] / $self->[1];
1113     }
1114     else {
1115         return $self->[0];
1116     }
1117 }
1118
1119 1;